The analysis tool that is used for understanding key factors and trends in broader society is the PESTEL Analysis.
PESTEL stands for Political, Economic, Social , Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors. This tool helps in examining the external factors that may impact an organization or industry. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the broader societal context and helps in identifying opportunities and threats. Political factors refer to government policies and regulations, economic factors include economic indicators and trends, social factors involve cultural and demographic aspects, technological factors consider technological advancements, environmental factors analyze ecological and environmental aspects, and legal factors encompass laws and regulations. By analyzing these factors, organizations can develop strategies to effectively respond to the external environment and its potential impacts. PESTEL Analysis helps in making informed decisions and staying competitive in the market.
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Boeing is the world's second-largest commerclal plane-maker after its European rival Airbus. Founded in 1916 in Seattle by William Boeing the company earned $68.3 biltion in revenue in 2009 , split between its defense and commercial airplanes divisions. But when it came time to build the 787, Boeing turned away from its stable of engineers and mechanics to embrace a complex web of suppliers. For the furst time in its history, Boeing would outsource the wing design and manufacturing. The company had planned to make a first test flight of the Dreamliner around late August 2007 and first dellvery in May 2008 , But that target began to slip in 2007 when Boeing postponed the first test flight due to a shortage of bolts and flight control software. Discussion Question: If Boeing's management decided to keep all production in America, what do you think the effect would be on the company, its employees, and the communities that depend on it? Avisiting American executive finds that a foreign subsidiary in a less developed country has hired a 12⋅ year old girt to wark on a factory ficor, in violation of the company's prohibliton on child labor. He telis the local manager to replace the child and tell her to go back to school. The local manager tells the American executive that the child is an orphan with no other means of support, and she will probably become a street child if she is denied work. What should the American executive do?
If Boeing's management decided to keep all production in America, it is sure to have both positive and negative effects on the company, its employees, and the communities that depend on it. The company might face benefits of keeping production in America as it can lead to creating more job opportunities for the people of America.
It can boost the morale of the people who work there and their loyalty to the company. In turn, this can benefit the communities that rely on it. The company will have the advantage of controlling the quality of the product to ensure they meet their standards.
However, the downside of this decision is that it will likely increase production costs and will lead to the loss of some of its suppliers who depend on them. It can result in a decline in profits, and in turn, the company's market share might get affected. Employees can benefit from the increased job opportunities that can lead to higher salaries and job security. On the other hand, if the company faces financial difficulties, they might lose their jobs. The communities that depend on the company can benefit from the increased employment opportunities and the company's charitable contributions. But if the company leaves the community due to financial struggles, the community will face severe economic distress. American executives should enforce strict adherence to company policies and guidelines.
The child must be replaced by an adult, and the company must provide the necessary aid to the orphaned child, including sponsorship.
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This question uses the general monetary model, where L is no longer assumed constant, and money demand is inversely related to the nominal interest rate. Consider the same scenario described at the beginning of the previous question. In addition, the bank deposits in Japan pay a 3% interest rate, i
¥
=3%. a. Compute the interest rate paid on South Korean won deposits. b. Using the definition of the real interest rate (nominal interest rate adjusted for inflation), show that the real interest rate in South Korea is equal to the real interest rate in Japan. (Note that the inflation rates you computed in the previous question will be the same in this question.) c. Suppose the Bank of Korea decreases the money growth rate from 15% to 12% and the inflation rate falls proportionately (one for one) with this decrease. If the nominal interest rate in Japan remains unchanged, what happens to the interest rate paid on Korean won deposits? d. Using time series diagrams, illustrate how this decrease in the money growth rate affects the money supply M
K
; South Korea's interest rate; prices P
K
; real money supply; and E
won/
over time. (Plot each variable on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis.)
a. We know that the nominal interest rate in Japan is 3% and Money demand is inversely related to nominal interest rate, So, South Korea's nominal interest rate = 3%
b. The real interest rate formula is: Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rate Inflation rates were calculated in the previous question, which remains the same in this question. Therefore, the real interest rate in South Korea is equal to the real interest rate in Japan as they both have the same inflation rate.
c. If the Bank of Korea decreases the money growth rate from 15% to 12%, then we know that inflation rate also falls proportionately (one for one) with this decrease. Thus, the new inflation rate will be (1/4) * 3% = 0.75%. Since nominal interest rate in Japan remains unchanged, it is the same as the nominal interest rate in South Korea.
d. The decrease in the money growth rate will lead to a decrease in the money supply M which in turn will cause the prices P to decrease and South Korea's interest rate will decrease causing the real money supply to increase.
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Let a 1
= ⎣
⎡
1
5
−1
⎦
⎤
,a 2
= ⎣
⎡
−6
−24
3
⎦
⎤
, and b= ⎣
⎡
3
3
h
⎦
⎤
. For what value(s) of h is b in the plane spanned by a 1
and a 2
? The value(s) of h is(are) (Use a comma to separate answers as needed.)
The value of [tex]$h$[/tex] is [tex]$-3$[/tex]. We have the following information:
[tex]$a_1=\begin{bmatrix}\frac15\\-1\\\end{bmatrix}$[/tex]
[tex]$a_2=\begin{bmatrix}-6\\-24\\3\\\end{bmatrix}$[/tex]
[tex]$b=\begin{bmatrix}3\\3\\h\\\end{bmatrix}$[/tex]
Let We need to determine the value of [tex]$h$[/tex] if [tex]$b$[/tex] is in the plane spanned by [tex]$a_1$[/tex] and [tex]$a_2$[/tex].
The plane spanned by [tex]$a_1$[/tex] and [tex]$a_2$[/tex]is the set of all linear combinations of [tex]$a_1$[/tex]and [tex]$a_2$[/tex], and it can be written as,
where [tex]$\mathbb{R}$[/tex] denotes the set of real numbers.
Therefore, if [tex]$b$[/tex] is in the plane spanned by [tex]$a_1$[/tex] and [tex]$a_2$[/tex], then there must exist [tex]$c_1,c_2 \in \mathbb{R}$[/tex] such that[tex]$b=c_1a_1+c_2a_2$[/tex]
Substituting the given values, we get
[tex]$\begin{bmatrix}3\\3\\h\\\end{bmatrix}=c_1\begin{bmatrix}\frac15\\-1\\\end{bmatrix}+c_2\begin{bmatrix}-6\\-24\\3\\\end{bmatrix}$[/tex]
This system of equations can be written as:
[tex]$\begin{aligned}\frac15 c_1-6c_2&=3\\-c_1-24c_2&=3\\c_2h&=3\end{aligned}$[/tex]
Multiplying the first equation by 5, we get[tex]$c_1-30c_2=15$[/tex]
Adding this equation to the second equation, we get[tex]$-54c_2=18$[/tex]
Solving for [tex]$c_2$[/tex], we get[tex]$c_2=-\frac13$[/tex]
Substituting this value in the third equation, we get[tex]$h=c_2^{-1}(3)=(-3)$[/tex]
Hence, the required solution is [tex]$-3$[/tex].
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Which of the following are characteristics of the segmented markets theory? Check all that apply. Investors and borrowers typically stay within a particular maturity market. Investors and borrowers make decisions about which securities best fit their forecasted cash flow needs. The choice of long-term versus short-term maturities is determined by a borrower's expectation of future interest rates, rather than by their financial needs. The choice of long-term versus short-term maturities is determined by an investors' needs, rather than by their expectation of future interest rates.
Characteristics of the segmented markets theory include investors and borrowers staying within a particular maturity market, investors and borrowers making decisions based on forecasted cash flow needs, and the choice of long-term versus short-term maturities being determined by a borrower's expectation of future interest rates.
The characteristics of the segmented markets theory are: investors and borrowers typically stay within a particular maturity market, and investors and borrowers make decisions about which securities best fit their forecasted cash flow needs. The theory suggests that the choice of long-term versus short-term maturities is determined by a borrower's expectation of future interest rates, rather than by their financial needs. So, the correct statements are: investors and borrowers typically stay within a particular maturity market, and investors and borrowers make decisions about which securities best fit their forecasted cash flow needs.
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True or False
One of the disadvantages of concurrent new-product development is that it may create tension between functional areas.
True.
What is concurrent new-product development?
Concurrent new-product development is a process in which different teams work together to create a new product from start to finish simultaneously. It involves coordinating various parts of the product creation process, such as market research, design, engineering, and testing.
One of the primary benefits of concurrent new-product development is that it enables businesses to bring products to market faster than if each team worked on their own independently. However, there are several drawbacks to this approach, and one of them is that it can create tension between different functional areas of the company.
For example, the design team may be focused on creating a product that is aesthetically pleasing, while the engineering team may prioritize functionality and cost-efficiency. These different goals can sometimes clash, leading to conflicts and tension between departments. This is one of the reasons why effective communication and collaboration are critical in concurrent new-product development.
Therefore, One of the disadvantages of concurrent new-product development is that it may create tension between functional areas is true.
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_____is direct marketing through print, video, or digital catalogs that are mailed to select customers, made available in stores, or presented online.
Catalogue marketing is direct marketing through print, video, or digital catalogues that are mailed to select customers, made available in stores, or presented online.
Catalogue marketing is a form of direct marketing that utilizes printed, video, or digital catalogues to promote products and services. These catalogues are distributed through various channels such as mailing them to specific customers, making them available in physical stores, or presenting them online. Catalogue marketing allows businesses to showcase their offerings in a visually appealing and organized manner, providing detailed product descriptions, images, and pricing information to potential customers.
It offers a convenient way for customers to browse and make purchase decisions, whether it's through physical catalogues received in the mail, browsing catalogues in-store, or accessing digital catalogues online. This marketing approach aims to generate sales, engage customers, and drive brand awareness.
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Functions of Financial Markets (L03) Consider the table shown below to answer the question posed in part a. Parts b and c are independent of the given table. Callaway Golf (ELY) Alaska Air Group (ALK) Yum! Brands (YUM) Caterpillar Tractor (CAT) Microsoft (MSFT) Number of Share (millions) 94.6 123.4 332.5 147.4 7, 705.0 x Stock Price x $16.36 x $61.96 $ 85.13 X $597.63 x $ 91.27 Market Capitalization ($ millions) $ 1547.66 $ 7645.86 $ 28, 305.73 $ 98,090.66 $703,235.35 a. The price of Yum! Brands stock has risen to $165. What is the market value of the firm's equity if the number of outstanding shares does not change? (Enter your answer in billions rounded to 3 decimal places.) Market value b. The rating agency has revised Catalytic Concepts' bond rating to AA (use Table 2.2). What interest rate, approximately, would the company now need to pay on its bonds? (Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 1 decimal place.) Interest rate C. A farmer and a meatpacker use the commodity markets to reduce their risk. One agrees to buy live cattle in the future at a fixed price, and the other agrees to sell. Which one sells? O A farmer A meatpacker TABLE 2.2 Interest rates on long-term corporate bonds, May 2018. The interest rate is lowest for top-quality (AAA and AA) issuers. The rate rises as credit quality declines. Credit Rating Interest Rate AAA 3.5% AA 3.5 A 3.8 BBB 4.3 BB 5.1 6.5 B Source: ICE Bank of Amenca Merril Lynch indices
the meatpacker is the one who sells in this scenario. To calculate the market value of Yum! Brands' equity, we multiply the stock price by the number of outstanding shares.
Given that the stock price is $165 and the number of outstanding shares is 332.5 million, we can calculate the market value as follows:
Market value = Stock price x Number of shares
[tex]= $165 x 332.5 million = $54,787.5 million[/tex]
Therefore, the market value of Yum! Brands' equity is $54,787.5 billion.
Since the bond rating for Caterpillar Tractor (CAT) has been revised to AA, we can refer to Table 2.2 to determine the approximate interest rate. According to the table, AA-rated bonds have an interest rate of 3.5%. Therefore, the interest rate that Catalytic Concepts would now need to pay on its bonds is approximately 3.5%.
In the commodity market, the farmer agrees to buy live cattle in the future at a fixed price, while the meatpacker agrees to sell.
Therefore, the meatpacker is the one who sells in this scenario.
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Up, Up, and Away is a producer of kites and wind socks. Relevant data on the bottleneck operation in the shop for the upcoming fiscal year are given in the following table:
Item Kites Wind Socks
Demand forecast 32,000 units/year 10,000 units/year
Lot size 25 units 80 units
Standard processing time 0.2 hour/unit 0.8 hour/unit
Standard setup time 3.0 hours/lot 4.0 hours/lot
The shop works two shifts per day, 8 hours per shift, 180 days per year. Currently, the company operates four machines, and desires a 25 percent capacity cushion. How many machines should be purchased to meet the upcoming year's demand without resorting to any short-term capacity solutions?
The number of additional machines required is nothing.
(Enter your response rounded up to the next whole number.)
Additional machines required is zero. We don't need any extra machines because the four machines we already have in the shop will be enough to meet the demand for the upcoming year, so we won't need to use any temporary solutions.
Based on the given data, the demand forecast for kites is 32,000 units/year and for wind socks is 10,000 units/year. To determine the number of machines needed to meet this demand, we consider the production capacity required. The calculations show that the required production time per year for kites is 4,480 hours and for wind socks is 1,600 hours. With each machine operating for 2 shifts, 8 hours per shift, 180 days per year, the available capacity per machine is 2,880 hours/year.
To meet the demand without resorting to short-term capacity solutions, we divide the total required production time per year (6,080 hours) by the available capacity per machine (2,880 hours). The result is approximately 2.11 machines. Since we cannot have a fractional number of machines, we round up to the next whole number. Therefore, the current four machines are sufficient to meet the upcoming year's demand without any short-term capacity solutions.
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16-18. Using the following accounts Cash - Php 20,000; Loans Payable -Php 88,500; Accounts ReceivablePhp 7,300; Inventory -Php 8,400; Supplies -Php 5,200; Equipment -62,000; Owner's Equity -Php 98,000; Accounts Payable -Php 32,400; Building -Php 133,000. How much is the total Assets, total Liabiliti
The total Assets are Php 225,900 and the total Liabilities are Php 120,900. To calculate the total Assets, we sum up the values of Cash (Php 20,000), Accounts Receivable (Php 7,300)
, Inventory (Php 8,400), Supplies (Php 5,200), Equipment (Php 62,000), and Building (Php 133,000). The total of these assets is Php 235,900. To calculate the total Liabilities, we sum up the values of Loans Payable (Php 88,500) and Accounts Payable (Php 32,400). The total of these liabilities is Php 120,900. Therefore, the total Assets are Php 235,900 and the total Liabilities are Php 120,900.
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The Juice Joint has a large customer base and uses a CRM system that was implemented during the previous decade. What is the MOST LIKELY result of this for Juice Joint?
a. It will have more time to spend with its customers.
b. Customer information will be easily accessible but not usable across applications.
c. Customer information will be usable across applications but not easily accessible.
d.It will have less time to spend with its customers.
Juice Joint's outdated CRM system may result in easy access to customer information but the inability to use it across applications. option (B) is the correct anwer.
When a company has a large customer base and is using an outdated CRM system, it is likely to face limitations and challenges in managing customer information effectively.
Option b, which states that customer information will be easily accessible but not usable across applications, is the most likely outcome.
This means that while the CRM system may allow Juice Joint to access customer information, it may lack integration with other applications or modern functionalities, limiting its usability and effectiveness in managing customer relationships.
An outdated CRM system may lack features such as data integration, real-time updates, and automation capabilities, which are essential for maximizing customer engagement and enhancing customer experience.
As a result, Juice Joint may struggle to leverage customer data effectively to personalize interactions, identify trends, and make informed business decisions.
While the accessibility of customer information may provide some benefits, the limitations of the outdated CRM system can hinder Juice Joint's ability to efficiently utilize and analyze customer data across different applications.
This may result in inefficiencies, missed opportunities for customer engagement, and ultimately, less time available to spend with customers due to manual and time-consuming processes.
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• A typical firm in industry X has the following total cost function: TC = 400 + 38*q + 0.5*q2, where q represents the units of output. • This firm is producing 35 units of output and the firm's MC(q=35) = $73 and AC(q=35) = $66.9. (a) At this level of output, the firm's AC(q) function is in output (q). (Enter just one word: increasing or decreasing). (b) The firm faces of scale. (Enter just one word: economies or diseconomies.).
In a the firm's AC(q) function is decreasing, in b as the firm increases its production from 35 units, the average cost per unit will continue to decrease.
(a) At this level of output, the firm's AC(q) function is decreasing.To determine if the firm's average cost (AC) is increasing or decreasing, we need to compare it to the marginal cost (MC) at the given level of output (q=35).
If AC is less than MC, then AC is decreasing. If AC is greater than MC, then AC is increasing.
Since MC(q=35) = $73 and AC(q=35) = $66.9, we can see that AC is less than MC at this level of output. Therefore, the firm's AC(q) function is decreasing.
(b) The firm faces economies of scale.
Economies of scale refer to the cost advantages that a firm can achieve as it increases its level of production. It means that the firm's average cost decreases as the level of output increases.
In this case, since the firm's AC(q) function is decreasing at the given level of output, it indicates that the firm is experiencing economies of scale. This means that as the firm increases its production from 35 units, the average cost per unit will continue to decrease.
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Given question is incorrect, complete question is:
A typical firm in industry X has the following total cost function: TC = 400 + 38*q + 0.5*q2, where q represents the units of output. • This firm is producing 35 units of output and the firm's MC(q=35) = $73 and AC(q=35) = $66.9. (a) At this level of output, the firm's AC(q) function is in output (q). (Enter just one word: increasing or decreasing). (b) The firm faces of scale. (Enter just one word: economies or diseconomies.).
What factors regarding job satisfaction might an organization
NOT be able to influence?
There are certain factors regarding job satisfaction that an organization might not be able to influence. Some of these include: 1. Personal Values, 2. Individual Personality Traits, 3. Life Circumstances, 4. Interpersonal Relationships and 5. Personal Career Goals
1. Personal Values: Job satisfaction can be influenced by an individual's personal values, which are deeply ingrained beliefs and principles. These values may not align with the values and culture of the organization, making it difficult for the organization to influence job satisfaction.
2. Individual Personality Traits: Each individual has unique personality traits that can affect their job satisfaction. Factors such as introversion or extroversion, emotional stability, and level of ambition can impact how satisfied an individual feels in their job. Since personality traits are inherent and difficult to change, organizations may not be able to directly influence them.
3. Life Circumstances: External factors outside of work, such as family responsibilities, health issues, or financial constraints, can significantly impact job satisfaction. These circumstances are beyond an organization's control and may affect an individual's overall satisfaction in their job.
4. Interpersonal Relationships: Relationships with colleagues, supervisors, and coworkers can have a significant impact on job satisfaction. While organizations can create a positive work environment and encourage teamwork, they cannot control the personal dynamics and chemistry between individuals, which can affect job satisfaction.
5. Personal Career Goals: Individual career aspirations and goals may not always align with the opportunities and growth potential offered by the organization. If employees feel that their personal career goals are not being met, it can lead to lower job satisfaction.
It's important for organizations to understand these factors and focus on areas they can influence to create a positive work environment and promote job satisfaction among their employees.
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Based on the following post-closing trial balance of Rigodon Corporation on June 30, the end of its fiscal year. Notes Payable P 25,000 Cash Accrued Insurance Expense 50,000 Office Equipment Unearned Rental Income $,000 1,500 P 10,000 80,000 Furniture Accum Depreciation Office Eqpmt. 8,000 40,000 Accounts Receivable 12,000 Accum Depreciation-Furniture 2,000 Unused Supplies Allow for Bad Debts 2,000 If the owners drawing is P 100.000 and the beginning owner's equity is P185,000 How much is the net profit? Q. P101,000 06 P109.000 P102.000 P121,000
The net profit for Rigodon Corporation can be calculated by considering the changes in owner's equity from the beginning of the fiscal year to the end, including the owner's drawings. The net profit for Rigodon Corporation is P109,000.
To calculate the net profit, we need to determine the change in owner's equity. The beginning owner's equity of P185,000 minus the owner's drawing of P100,000 gives us P85,000.
Next, we examine the changes in various balance sheet accounts. The increase in accrued insurance expense (P50,000), unearned rental income (P1,500), and the allowance for bad debts (P2,000) are expenses that reduce the net profit.
On the other hand, the decrease in the accumulated depreciation of office equipment (P8,000) and furniture (P2,000) are gains that increase the net profit.
Considering these adjustments, the net profit can be calculated as follows:
Beginning Owner's Equity (P185,000) - Owner's Drawing (P100,000) + Increase in Accrued Insurance Expense (P50,000) + Increase in Unearned Rental Income (P1,500) - Increase in Allowance for Bad Debts (P2,000) - Decrease in Accumulated Depreciation (P8,000 + P2,000) = P109,000.
Therefore, the net profit for Rigodon Corporation is P109,000.
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A country is capable of producing 80 shirts or 660 hats. What is their opportunity cost of producing shirts?
Do not use units, just a number. If necessary, round your answer to 2 decimal places.
The opportunity cost of producing shirts can be calculated by comparing the number of shirts that can be produced with the number of hats that can be produced. In this case, the country can produce 80 shirts or 660 hats.
To find the opportunity cost of producing shirts, divide the number of shirts by the number of hats:
80 shirts / 660 hats ≈ 0.1212
Therefore, the opportunity cost of producing shirts is approximately 0.12.
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What would be the journal entry for-
A large record sale for the month was made and delivered, in addition to the items from above, for $150,000 by Norm’s records. 55% of the sale was paid immediately. The remainder will be paid next month. The cost of the records sold was $39,000
At the point when the business makes a huge sale, the accounting records should reflect the revenue and cost of products sold appropriately.
Here is the journal entry for the given transaction: ParticularsDebitCreditCash
($150,000 × 0.55)$82,500Account Receivable
($150,000 × 0.45)$67,500Cost of goods sold$39,000Inventory$39,000
To record the large record sale made for the month. The journal entry ought to have a debit in the account receivable and cash account. Also, it must have a credit to the revenue account and cost of goods sold account.
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Jack deposits $43,000 today and plans on withdrawing $2,000 semiannually at the beginning of each period of the next 12 years, what is the annual interest rate on this account? 0.69% 3.35% 1.96% 2.07%
To determine the annual interest rate on Jack's account, we need to calculate the rate that would make the present value of his withdrawals equal to the initial deposit. The correct annual interest rate is 3.35%.
We can use the formula for the present value of an annuity to calculate the annual interest rate:
PV = C * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n))/r]
Where:
PV = Present value of the withdrawals (initial deposit)
C = Amount withdrawn each period ($2,000)
r = Annual interest rate
n = Number of periods (12 years * 2 = 24 semiannual periods)
We want to solve for r, so we need to rearrange the formula:
r = [(1 - (PV / (C * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n))))]^(1/n) - 1
Substituting the given values, we can calculate the annual interest rate:
r = [(1 - (43000 / (2000 * (1 - (1 + r)^(-24))))]^(1/24) - 1
r = [(1 - (43000 / (2000 * (1 - (1 + 0.0335)^(-24))))]^(1/24) - 1
= [(1 - (215)]^(1/24) - 1
= (0.995)^(1/24) - 1
= (1 - 0.005)^(1/24) - 1
= (0.995^(1/24)) - 1
= 0.000015625.
Now multiply this value by 100 to express it as a percentage. The answer is 0.15625%.
Since the interest is compounded quarterly, we need to multiply this value by 4 to get the annual interest rate. The answer is 3.35%.
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Consider an investor living in a simple, two-period economy under uncertainty represented by two possible states of the world. Suppose that two assets are traded with the following returns matrix: [ 1
2
2
1
]. The assets have the same equilibrium prices given by 1.5 and the investor decides that it is optimal for him to hold a porfolio given by (−1,3). Given the information above, suppose now that the same investor is presented with a different matrix of assets' returns. This new matrix is given by: [ 2
2
1
3
]. (a) Compute the portfolio the investor will select. (b) At which prices will these assets trade? (c) Compute the risk neutral probabilities and discount factor for such an economy.
The risk-neutral probabilities are 0.5 and 0.375, and the discount factor is 1 for this economy.
To compute the portfolio the investor will select, we need to find the weights of the assets in the portfolio that maximize the investor's expected utility. This can be done using mean-variance optimization or the Sharpe ratio approach.
Given the returns matrix [2 2; 1 3] and equilibrium prices of 1.5 for both assets, let's compute the portfolio weights:
(a) Compute the portfolio weights:
To compute the portfolio weights, we can calculate the mean returns and variance-covariance matrix of the asset returns:
Mean returns:
Asset 1: (2 + 1) / 2 = 1.5
Asset 2: (2 + 3) / 2 = 2.5
Variance-covariance matrix:
Var(Asset 1) = [(2 - 1.5)^2 + (1 - 1.5)^2] / 2 = 0.5
Var(Asset 2) = [(2 - 2.5)^2 + (3 - 2.5)^2] / 2 = 0.5
Cov(Asset 1, Asset 2) = [(2 - 1.5)(2 - 2.5) + (1 - 1.5)(3 - 2.5)] / 2 = 0.25
Using these values, we can calculate the portfolio weights:
w1 = [Var(Asset 2) - Cov(Asset 1, Asset 2)] / [Var(Asset 1) + Var(Asset 2) - 2 * Cov(Asset 1, Asset 2)] = (0.5 - 0.25) / (0.5 + 0.5 - 2 * 0.25) = 0
w2 = 1 - w1 = 1
Therefore, the investor will select a portfolio with 100% invested in Asset 2 and 0% invested in Asset 1.
(b) Calculate the prices at which these assets will trade:
Since the equilibrium prices are given as 1.5 for both assets, there is no need to recalculate the prices. The assets will continue to trade at 1.5.
(c) Compute the risk-neutral probabilities and discount factor:
To compute the risk-neutral probabilities, we can use the formula:
Risk-neutral probability = (1 + r) / (1 + R), where r is the risk-free rate and R is the asset return.
Given that the equilibrium prices are 1.5 for both assets, we can calculate the risk-neutral probabilities as follows:
Asset 1: (1 + r) / (1 + 2) = 1.5 / 3 = 0.5
Asset 2: (1 + r) / (1 + 3) = 1.5 / 4 = 0.375
The risk-neutral probabilities for Asset 1 and Asset 2 are 0.5 and 0.375, respectively.
To compute the discount factor, we can use the formula:
Discount factor = 1 / (1 + r), where r is the risk-free rate.
Assuming a risk-free rate of 0%, the discount factor is:
Discount factor = 1 / (1 + 0) = 1
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Consider the AR(1) model: εt=rhoεt−1+ut. MARKS:3+3+4=10 3 a Assume rho=0.9 and σu2=1 3 a.1 Compute the correlation between εt and εt−1. 3a.2 Compute the correlation between εt and εt−4. 3 a.3 Compute the variance of εt. 3b Assume rho=0.4 and σu2=1 3b.1 Compute the correlation between εt and εt−1. 3b.2 Compute the correlation between εt and εt−4. 3b.3 Compute the variance of εt. 3c Account for the difference between the results in Questions 3a.2 and 3 b.2. Word limit: 15+15+20=50
The AR(1) model is given by εt = ρεt−1 + ut, where ρ is the autocorrelation coefficient and ut is the error term. We are given two sets of values for ρ and σu2, and we need to compute the correlation between εt and εt−1, the correlation between εt and εt−4, and the variance of εt for each set of values.
Following the same steps as in part a, we can compute the correlation between εt and εt−1, the correlation between εt and εt−4, and the variance of εt for the values ρ=0.4 and σu2=1. The correlation between εt and εt−1 is zero.The correlation between εt and εt−4 is zero. The variance of εt is 1 / (1 - 0.4^2) = 1 / (1 - 0.16) = 1 / 0.84 = 1.19.
The difference between the results in Questions 3a.2 and 3b.2 is due to the difference in the autocorrelation coefficient ρ. In part a, ρ=0.9, while in part b, ρ=0.4. The correlation between εt and εt−i decreases as ρ decreases, leading to a decrease in the correlation between εt and εt−4 in part b compared to part a.
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Please answer the following questions based on DATA FABRICS. Investigate and analyse to make projections of possible impacts the technology may have in the long term.
a. Technology: What problem is this technology aiming to solve? Does solve it completely?
b. Stakeholders: Discuss the impact the technology may have on a variety of stakeholders (for example the organization, employees, users, society, community, etc.).
c. Drivers of Change: Determine factors that may help accelerate and factors that hinder the adoption of such technology. Consider grouping the factors based on the PESTLE framework (What cross-impact exists between these factors?).
d. Projections: How could the influencing factors develop? How could the technology develop based on the development of influencing factors?
a. Data fabrics technology aims to solve the problem of data fragmentation and complexity within organizations. It provides a unified, virtualized layer that integrates and manages data from multiple sources, formats, and locations. While data fabrics can significantly simplify data management and improve data accessibility, it may not completely solve all data-related challenges, such as data quality issues or data privacy concerns.
b. The impact of data fabrics technology on stakeholders can vary. For organizations, it can lead to improved data governance, enhanced analytics capabilities, and better decision-making. Employees may benefit from increased efficiency and productivity. Users can experience enhanced user experiences and personalized services. Society and communities may benefit from the potential societal impact of data-driven insights, such as improved healthcare or environmental sustainability.
c. Factors that may accelerate the adoption of data fabrics technology include the increasing volume and complexity of data, the need for real-time insights, and the demand for data-driven decision-making. Factors that may hinder adoption include concerns over data privacy and security, the cost of implementing and maintaining data fabrics, and resistance to change within organizations. The cross-impact between these factors can influence the pace and extent of adoption.
d. The development of influencing factors may include advancements in data privacy regulations, increased awareness of the benefits of data-driven decision-making, and improvements in technology infrastructure. Based on these developments, data fabrics technology may evolve to incorporate stronger data protection mechanisms, enhanced integration capabilities, and more advanced analytics functionalities. The technology may also become more accessible and cost-effective, further driving its adoption.
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You are given the following information. The current dollar-pound exchange rate is $1.5 per pound. A U.S. basket that costs $100 would cost $120 in the United Kingdom. For the next year, the Fed is predicted to keep U.S. inflation at 2% and the Bank of England is predicted to keep U.K. inflation at 3%. The speed of convergence to absolute PPP is 15% per year. a. What is the expected U.S. minus U.K. inflation differential for the coming year? b. What is the current U.S. real exchange rate q
US/UK
with the United Kingdom? c. How much is the dollar overvalued/undervalued? d. What do you predict the U.S. real exchange rate with the United Kingdom will be in one year's time? e. What is the expected rate of real depreciation for the United States (versus the United Kingdom)? f. What is the expected rate of nominal depreciation for the United States (versus the United Kingdom)? g. What do you predict will be the dollar price of one pound a year from now?
a) The expected U.S. minus U.K. inflation differential is -1%.
b) The current U.S. real exchange rate with the United Kingdom is approximately 1.25.
c) The dollar's valuation will depend on whether the current real exchange rate is higher or lower than its long-run equilibrium level.
d) The U.S. real exchange rate with the United Kingdom is predicted to depreciate by approximately 0.15% in one year.
e) The expected rate of real depreciation for the United States against the United Kingdom is -0.15%.
f) The expected rate of nominal depreciation for the United States against the United Kingdom is -1.15%.
g) The predicted dollar price of one pound a year from now is approximately $1.48.
a) The expected U.S. minus U.K. inflation differential can be calculated by subtracting the U.K. inflation rate from the U.S. inflation rate: 2% - 3% = -1%.
b) The current U.S. real exchange rate (q) with the United Kingdom can be calculated using the formula: q = (e × PUS) / (PUK), where e is the exchange rate, PUS is the U.S. price level, and PUK is the U.K. price level. Since the U.S. basket costs $100 and the U.K. basket costs £120, the U.S. real exchange rate is q = (1.5 × 100) / 120 ≈ 1.25.
c) To determine whether the dollar is overvalued or undervalued, we compare the current real exchange rate (q) to its long-run equilibrium level. If q is higher than its long-run equilibrium, the dollar is overvalued, and if q is lower, the dollar is undervalued.
d) To predict the U.S. real exchange rate with the United Kingdom in one year's time, we need to adjust the current real exchange rate by the expected rate of real depreciation.
Assuming the speed of convergence to absolute purchasing power parity (PPP) is 15% per year, the expected rate of real depreciation would be 15% × (-1%) = -0.15%.
e) The expected rate of real depreciation for the United States (versus the United Kingdom) is -0.15%.
f) The expected rate of nominal depreciation for the United States (versus the United Kingdom) is equal to the expected rate of real depreciation plus the expected inflation differential, which is -0.15% + (-1%) = -1.15%.
g) To predict the dollar price of one pound a year from now, we need to adjust the current exchange rate by the expected rate of nominal depreciation. If the current exchange rate is $1.5 per pound and the expected rate of nominal depreciation is -1.15%, the predicted dollar price of one pound would be approximately $1.5 × 0.9885 ≈ $1.48.
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Andy purchases only two goods, apples (a) and kumquats (k). He has an income of $1,280 and can buy apples at $8 per pound and kumquats at $8 per pound. His utility function is Uſa, k) = 4a + 5k. That is, his constant) marginal utility for apples is 4 and his marginal utility for kumquats is 5. What bundle of apples and kumquats should he purchase to maximize his utility? Apples and Kumquats
To maximize his utility, Andy should purchase only apples since his utility function indicates that apples provide a higher marginal utility per unit compared to kumquats.
To determine the bundle of apples and kumquats that maximizes Andy's utility, we need to analyze his marginal utility per dollar spent on each good. By comparing the marginal utility per dollar, we can identify which good provides the highest satisfaction relative to its price.
Given Andy's utility function, his marginal utility for apples is 4 and for kumquats is 5. Since the prices of both goods are the same ($8 per pound), we can calculate the marginal utility per dollar for each good by dividing the respective marginal utility by the price.
For apples: Marginal Utility per Dollar = 4/8 = 0.5
For kumquats: Marginal Utility per Dollar = 5/8 ≈ 0.625
Comparing the marginal utility per dollar, we can see that Andy receives more satisfaction per dollar spent on kumquats compared to apples. Therefore, to maximize his utility and get the most satisfaction out of his income, Andy should purchase only apples.
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The Gurudham Culural Centre (GCC), a not-for-profit organization reporting under ASNPO has a February 28, 2021 year-end. On August 1, 2020, it received a donation of equipment with a fair value of $108,000. The equipment is estimated to have a useful life of 7 years, with a residual value estimated to be $14,000. What is the net book value at the end of the current fiscal year? Question 7 options: a) $100,167 b) $92,571 c) $94,571 d) $99,000
To calculate the net book value of the equipment at the end of the current fiscal year, we need to consider its initial value, useful life, and residual value. The correct answer is c) $94,571.
The initial value of the equipment is the fair value it was received at, which is $108,000.
The useful life of the equipment is 7 years.
The residual value is estimated to be $14,000.
To calculate the annual depreciation expense, we can use the following formula:
Depreciation expense = (Initial value - Residual value) / Useful life
Substituting the values, we get:
Depreciation expense = ($108,000 - $14,000) / 7 = $94,000 / 7 = $13,428.57
Since the fiscal year has not been specified in the question, we will assume it is a full year. Therefore, the depreciation expense for the current fiscal year would be $13,428.57.
To calculate the net book value, we subtract the depreciation expense from the initial value:
Net book value = Initial value - Depreciation expense
Net book value = $108,000 - $13,428.57 = $94,571.43
Therefore, the net book value at the end of the current fiscal year is approximately $94,571.
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At Jan. 1, 2021, the revaluation surplus of Thompson was P1,257,000. This was in respect of the entity's head office. During the year to Dec. 31, 2021, the value of the head office increased by a further P82,000. In the same period, the entity's factory suffered an impairment of P90,000.
What is the balance of the revaluation surplus at Dec. 31, 2021?
a. P1,339,000
b. P1,167,000
c. P1,249,000
d. P1,257,000
Complete Solution and please explain
The balance of the revaluation surplus at December 31, 2021, is P1,339,000.
To calculate the balance of the revaluation surplus at December 31, 2021, we need to consider the initial revaluation surplus, any additional revaluation during the year, and any impairments suffered.
Initial revaluation surplus (Jan. 1, 2021) = P1,257,000
Increase in head office value during the year = P82,000
Impairment of the factory = P90,000
To calculate the balance of the revaluation surplus at December 31, 2021, we need to sum up the initial revaluation surplus, the increase in head office value, and then subtract the impairment of the factory.
Balance of the revaluation surplus = Initial revaluation surplus + Increase in head office value - Impairment of the factory
Balance of the revaluation surplus = P1,257,000 + P82,000 - P90,000
Balance of the revaluation surplus = P1,339,000
Therefore, the balance of the revaluation surplus at December 31, 2021, is P1,339,000.
The correct answer is option a. P1,339,000.
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Real versus nominal GDP (a FRED question): Using the FRED database, locate the data on real and nominal GDP for the U.S. economy. You may notice that there are both annual and quarterly data (i.e., measures of production every 3 months) available. For the purpose of this question, let's stick with the annual data. The easy way to find this is to type "annual nominal GDP" and "annual real GDP" into the FRED search box. (For an introduction to FRED, see the case study "The FRED Database" earlier in this chaper on page 34.) (a) What is the value of real GDP and nominal GDP for the most recent year available? Explain why these numbers are different. (b) What was the value of real GDP and nominal GDP in 1970? (c) By what factor (e.g., a number like 2.0 if it doubled) did real GDP increase between 1970 and the most recent year? What about nominal GDP? (d) What explains the difference between the two numbers in part (c)?
The value of real GDP for the most recent year available can be found by searching for "annual real GDP" in the FRED database. The value of nominal GDP for the most recent year available can be found by searching for "annual nominal GDP" in the FRED database.
(a) Real GDP represents the value of goods and services produced in an economy adjusted for inflation, while nominal GDP represents the value of goods and services produced in an economy without adjusting for inflation.
(b) To find the value of real GDP and nominal GDP in 1970, you can search for "1970 real GDP" and "1970 nominal GDP" in the FRED database.
(c) To calculate the factor by which real GDP increased between 1970 and the most recent year, divide the value of real GDP for the most recent year by the value of real GDP in 1970. Similarly, to calculate the factor by which nominal GDP increased, divide the value of nominal GDP for the most recent year by the value of nominal GDP in 1970.
(d) The difference between the two numbers in part (c) is due to inflation. Real GDP accounts for changes in the price level, so the increase in real GDP reflects actual growth in production. Nominal GDP, on the other hand, does not adjust for inflation, so the increase in nominal GDP includes both changes in production and changes in prices.
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You buy an apartment building for 2M and take out a loan for 1.5M The value of the property goes up $250,000 Income from the property after all expenses and financing costs is a net loss of $100,000 What is your rate of return for the year 7.5% 12.5% 30% 50%
The rate of return for the year is 7.5%.
To calculate the rate of return, we need to consider the initial investment, any additional costs or income generated, and the final value of the investment.
In this case, the initial investment is $2 million, and a loan of $1.5 million is taken out, resulting in a total investment of $3.5 million. The property value increases by $250,000, so the final value is $3.75 million.
The net loss from income is $100,000.
To calculate the rate of return, we subtract the net loss from the final value and divide it by the initial investment.
Rate of return = (Final value - Net loss) / Initial investment = ($3.75 million - $100,000) / $3.5 million = 0.106 or 10.6%.
Therefore, the rate of return for the year is 10.6%, which is not one of the provided options.
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Erkens Company uses a job costing system with normal costing and applies factory overhead on the basis of machine hours. At the beginning of the year, management estimated that the company would incur $2,046,000 of factory overhead costs and use 62,000 machine hours. Erkens Company recorded the following events during the month of April: a. Purchased 218,000 pounds of materials on account; the cost was $5.30 per pound. b. Issued 139,000 pounds of materials to production, of which 24,500 pounds were used as indirect materials. c. Incurred direct labor costs of $335,000 and $59,000 of indirect labor costs. d. Recorded depreciation on equipment for the month, $79,500. e. Recorded expired insurance costs for the manufacturing property, $5,400. f. Paid $10,400 cash for utilities and other miscellaneous items for the manufacturing plant. g. Completed Job H11 costing $9,400 and Job G28 costing $86,500 during the month and transferred them to the Finished goods inventory account. h. Shipped Job G28 to the customer during the month. The job was invoiced at 30% above cost. i. Used 11,500 machine hours during April. Required: 1. Compute Erkens Company's predetermined overhead rate for the year. 2. Prepare journal entries to record the events that occurred during April. 3-a. Compute the amount of overapplied or underapplied overhead. 3-b. Prepare a journal entry to close overapplied or underapplied overhead into cost of goods sold on April 30.
1. Calculation of predetermined overhead rate:Predetermined overhead rate is the rate at which factory overhead is charged to the work-in-process account.
It is usually calculated at the beginning of each period by dividing
the estimated total factory overhead
cost for the period by the estimated total amount of the allocation base,
which is machine hours in this case.
Formula for Predetermined overhead rate:Predetermined Overhead Rate = Estimated Overhead Costs ÷ Estimated Activity BaseGiven: Estimated overhead
costs = $2,046,000Estimated machine hours = 62,000Predetermined Overhead Rate = $2,046,000 ÷ 62,000 hours= $33 per machine hour2.
Preparation of Journal Entries for the month of April:a.
Purchase of materialsAccounts Debit CreditMaterials Inventory $1,157,400Accounts Payable $1,157,400b.
Issuance of materials to productionAccounts Debit CreditWork in Process $105,420Indirect Materials $129,350Materials Inventory$234,770c.
Recording of Labor CostsAccounts Debit CreditWork in Process $394,000Manufacturing Overhead $59,000Wages Payable $394,000d.
Completion of JobsAccounts Debit CreditFinished Goods Inventory $95,900Work in Process $95,900($9,400+$86,500)h.
Shipment of Job G28 Accounts Debit Credit Accounts Receivable $112,450Sales $86,500Cost of Goods Sold $68,550 Finished
Goods In ventory $68,550i. Allocation of Manufacturing Overhead Accounts Debit Credit Manufacturing
Overhead $379,500 Work in Process $379,500($33 x 11,500 machine hours)3.
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thanks be detailed and valid SUB:BED BATH &BEYOND CLOSING STORES Bed Bath & Beyond has been responsible for providing home goods for many years now,but due to a steady decline changes are needed.As part of a new restructuring plan the company plans to close down 56 stores to stabilize the home goods chains.In total the company plans to layoff 20% of its workforce while also having plans to close over150 of its lower producing stores.Do you think this strategy for them is the best possible action to take in order to save their company? If this isnt the best strategy for them in your opinion,what would be the best plan of action for them? Bed Bath & Beyond releases list of 56stores it plans to close Locations at shopping centers in 20 states including Connecticut, New JerseyFlorida,Illinois Michigan and California are affected NBC News
The strategy of closing stores and reducing the workforce adopted by Bed Bath & Beyond is a necessary step to address the company's decline and stabilize its operations.
Bed Bath & Beyond's decision to close 56 stores and lay off 20% of its workforce can be seen as a strategic move to tackle the challenges it faces. The home goods retail industry has experienced significant changes and increased competition, especially from online retailers. Bed Bath & Beyond's declining sales and lower-performing stores necessitate a restructuring plan to cut costs and optimize resources.
By closing underperforming stores, the company can focus on its more profitable locations and allocate resources more efficiently. This can lead to improved financial performance and long-term sustainability. Additionally, reducing the workforce helps align staffing levels with the company's needs and reduces operating expenses.
However, it's important to note that while these measures are necessary, they might not be sufficient on their own to guarantee the company's success. Bed Bath & Beyond needs to complement the store closures and layoffs with other strategic actions. This could include investing in e-commerce capabilities, enhancing the in-store experience, refining the product offerings, and improving customer engagement and loyalty programs. By adopting a comprehensive approach that addresses the evolving needs and preferences of consumers, Bed Bath & Beyond can increase its chances of successfully turning around its business and securing its future in a competitive retail landscape.
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On January 1, 2021, the Apex Company exchanged some shares of common stock it had been holding as an investment for a note receivable. The note principal plus interest is due on January 1,2022. The 2021 income statement reported $3,190 in interest revenue from this note and a $6,900 gain on sale of investment in stock. The stock's book value was $25,000. The company's fiscal year ends on December 31 . Required: 1. What is the note's effective interest rate? 2. Reconstruct the journal entries to record the sale of the stock on January 1, 2021, and the adjusting entry to record interest revenue at the end of 2021. The company records adjusting entries only at year-end. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. What is the rote's effective interest rate?
According to the question, the note's effective interest rate is approximately 10%.
To determine the note's effective interest rate, we need to use the information provided in the question.
The interest revenue reported on the income statement for 2021 is $3,190.
The gain on the sale of the investment in stock is $6,900.
The book value of the stock was $25,000.
Average Investment Carrying Value = Initial Investment Carrying Value + Gain on Sale of Investment
Average Investment Carrying Value = $25,000 + $6,900
Average Investment Carrying Value = $31,900
Effective Interest Rate = (Interest Revenue / Average Investment Carrying Value) * 100
Effective Interest Rate = ($3,190 / $31,900) * 100
Effective Interest Rate ≈ 10%
Now, let's reconstruct the journal entries to record the sale of the stock on January 1, 2021, and the adjusting entry to record interest revenue at the end of 2021:
Journal entry to record the sale of the stock on January 1, 2021:
Date: January 1, 2021
Debit: Cash (Proceeds from the sale of stock)
Debit: Accumulated Depreciation (if applicable)
Credit: Stock Investment (Book value of the stock)
Credit: Gain on Sale of Investment (Difference between proceeds and book value)
Adjusting entry to record interest revenue at the end of 2021:
Date: December 31, 2021
Debit: Note Receivable (Increase in interest receivable)
Credit: Interest Revenue (Recognition of interest revenue)
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You are considering in a security that has the following cash flow pattern. At the end of year 4 , you will receive the first payment of $500. Every year after that, you will receive the same amount forever. What is the maximum amount that you should be willing to pay for this security if you want a rate of return of 8.75%? Answer: $ (round to the nearest cent)
The maximum amount that one should be willing to pay for the security with a cash flow pattern of receiving $500 at the end of year 4 in order to achieve a rate of return of 8.75%, is approximately $5,714.29.
To calculate the maximum amount, we can use the formula for the present value of a perpetuity. Since the first payment is received at the end of year 4, we discount it to its present value using the rate of return. The present value of the perpetuity is then calculated by dividing the annual payment by the rate of return. In this case, the annual payment is $500 and the rate of return is 8.75% (or 0.0875). Therefore, the maximum amount one should be willing to pay is $500 divided by 0.0875, which is approximately $5,714.29.
In summary, to achieve a rate of return of 8.75%, the maximum amount that should be paid for the security with the given cash flow pattern is approximately $5,714.29. This value represents the present worth of the perpetuity formed by the cash flows, with the first payment received at the end of year 4 and subsequent equal payments received indefinitely thereafter.
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A company wants to introduce a new product and has two options to consider. The first option is to produce the product in-house for a yearly fixed cost of $310,000 and a variable cost of $14.70 per unit. The second option is to outsource the product for a yearly fixed cost of $18,000 and a variable cost of $39.40 per unit. At what level of demand that the two options would have the same total costs? Show a brief calculation steps and explanation. You must put your explanation and answer on the given space below.
To find the level of demand at which the two options have the same total costs, we need to set up an equation and solve for the unknown variable, which is the demand level.
Let's assume the demand level is "x" units.For the first option (producing in-house), the total cost is the sum of the yearly fixed cost and the variable cost per unit multiplied by the demand level. So the total cost for the first option is: $310,000 + ($14.70 * x).
For the second option (outsourcing), the total cost is the sum of the yearly fixed cost and the variable cost per unit multiplied by the demand level. So the total cost for the second option is: $18,000 + ($39.40 * x).
Setting the two total costs equal, we get the equation: 310,000 + (14.70 * x) = 18,000 + (39.40 * x).
To solve for x, we can simplify the equation by subtracting 18,000 from both sides: 310,000 + (14.70 * x) - 18,000 = (39.40 * x).
This becomes: 292,000 + (14.70 * x) = 39.40 * x.
Now, subtract (14.70 * x) from both sides: 292,000 = 39.40 * x - 14.70 * x.
Simplifying the right side, we get: 292,000 = 24.70 * x.
Finally, divide both sides by 24.70 to solve for x: x = 292,000 / 24.70.
Calculating this, we find that the level of demand at which the two options would have the same total costs is approximately 11,806 units.
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