Option (b), (c) and (f), Pencil, Chromebook, and Desk are examples of commodities.
There are how many different types of commodities?In economics, the phrase "goods" refers to items that serve a useful purpose and satisfy human needs, such as a client purchasing an item. Transferable services and transferable commodities are commonly used interchangeably.
The vehicle is a prime illustration. The terms "commodities" or "goods" relate to things that are observable and tangible. It is possible to keep the car here for later use.
In economics, there are four distinct categories of products that can be divided based on excludability and rivalrousness: private goods, public goods, common resources, and club goods.
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is there a plan in place to address European migration
There is no single plan in place to address European migration, as it is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires a comprehensive approach.
What are the plans in place?The European Union (EU) has implemented several initiatives aimed at managing migration, such as the Common European Asylum System, which sets out rules for processing asylum applications across the EU.
In addition, the EU has developed partnerships with countries of origin and transit to address the root causes of migration and to improve border management.
However, these measures have faced criticism and challenges, and ongoing political debates and tensions continue to shape the migration policy landscape in Europe.\
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A typical firm in long-run equilibrium in an industry with
identical firms has a cost function given by C = 800 +
2q2. What is the equilibrium price?
The answer of equilibrium price would be equal to 800/2q, or 400/q
To determine the equilibrium price for a typical firm in long-run equilibrium in an industry with identical firms with the cost function C = 800 + 2q², follow these steps:
1. Find the marginal cost (MC) by taking the first derivative of the cost function with respect to q:
MC = d(C)/dq = 4q.
2. Since the firm is in long-run equilibrium, price (P) is equal to the marginal cost:
P = MC.
3. Substitute the marginal cost equation into the price equation:
P = 4q.
Unfortunately, we cannot determine the exact equilibrium price without more information about the demand curve or the quantity produced in equilibrium (q*). If you have this information, you can plug the value of q* into the equation P = 4q to find the equilibrium price.
A typical firm in long-run equilibrium in an industry with identical firms has a cost function given by C = 800 + 2q².
What is the equilibrium price?The equilibrium price can be calculated by equating the market demand and supply of a product. The demand curve shows the quantity demanded at different prices, while the supply curve shows the quantity supplied at different prices. Equilibrium is established when the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied.
The equilibrium price can be calculated as follows:
Market demand: Qd = 20,000 - 200P
Market supply: Qs = 20,000 + 400P
Put the above-mentioned demand and supply equation into one, we get,
200P + Qs = 20,000 - 200P
200P + 20,000 + 400P = Qs + Qs
600P = 40,000 P = $66.67
Equilibrium price is $66.67.
In an industry with identical firms, a cost function given by C = 800 + 2q2 implies that the long-run equilibrium price is equal to the minimum average cost (AC).
Therefore, in this case, the equilibrium price would be equal to 800/2q, or 400/q.
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If the residents act together, how many officers would they hire?
If the residents act together, they will be able to hire three security guards.
A security guard, also referred to as a security inspector, security officer, or protective agent, is an individual hired by the government or a private party to enforce preventative measures in order to safeguard the employing party's assets, including property, people, equipment, money, etc. from a variety of risks, including crime, waste, damages, unsafe worker behaviour, etc. Security officers accomplish this by maintaining a visible presence to discourage illegal and inappropriate behaviour, keeping an eye out for dangers either directly through patrols or indirectly by watching alarm systems or video surveillance cameras, taking precautions to limit damage like issuing warnings to trespassers and escorting them off the property, and reporting any incidents to their clients and emergency services.
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Consider a city with population of 360, 000 which is uniformly distributed on a circle with radius1/π.The city is located around a mountain, so its citizens cannot cut through, but can only move on the city circumference from one location to another. There is a monopoly supplier of a homogeneous good, which is distributed with vending machines on certain locations. The cost of placing and operating a vending machine is 2500 per year. The marginal cost of an additional unit of the good is 1. Each city dweller consumes 16 units of the good in a certain period relevant to the monopolist as long as the price of a single unit of the good is below their maximum willingness to pay of 2 minus their inconvenience cost of going to the closest vending machine which amounts to |x − y| if they have to move from their home at location x to the vending machine at location y to buy the good (that is, the transportation cost is 1).
(a) How many vending machines should the monopoly install, what will be the unit price for the good, and where should the vending machines be placed, provided that the monopoly wants to serve the entire market?
(b) What is the socially optimal number of cinemas, provided that the whole market is served? What is the deadweight loss from the monopoly, provided that the whole market is served?
(c) Would the monopoly serve the whole market if it could only place two vending machines on two diametrically opposed parts of the circle? What price would it charge?
(d) Would the monopoly serve the whole market if it could only place two vending machines on two diametrically opposed parts of the circle but instead of 1, the marginal cost of a unit of the good was 3/2 ? Which price would it charge?
(e) Would the monopoly serve the whole market if it could only place two vending machines on 30 and 150 degrees on the circle? What would it prefer more? Which price would it charge?
a) The monopoly should install 20 vending machines, the unit price for the good should be 1.25.
b) The socially optimal number of vending machines is 20, and the deadweight loss from the monopoly is 0 as the whole market is served.
c) The monopoly would serve the whole market if it could only place two vending machines on two diametrically opposed parts of the circle. The price would be 1.6.
d) The monopoly would serve the whole market if it could only place two vending machines on two diametrically opposed parts of the circle.
e) The monopoly would serve the whole market if it could only place two vending machines on 30 and 150 degrees on the circle.
The vending machines should be placed at the points with the same angle on the circumference, meaning that 0°, 18°, 36°, 54°, 72°, 90°, 108°, 126°, 144°, 162°, 180°, 198°, 216°, 234°, 252°, 270°, 288°, 306°, 324°, and 342°.
The circumference of a circle is the distance around the outside of the circle. It is calculated using the formula:
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Which statements describe the Great Compromise? Choose three correct answers.
A. Representation in the Senate would be equal for all states.
B. The legislature would be unicameral, consisting only of the Senate.
C. Representation for the legislature would be based on population alone.
D. Representation in the House of Representatives would be based on population.
E. The legislature would be bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives..
The correct answers are D, E, and A.
Why it is?
The Great Compromise was a plan presented at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 that addressed the issue of representation in the legislature. The compromise proposed a bicameral legislature, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
In the House of Representatives, representation would be based on population, which is represented by statement D. This satisfied the larger states, who had more population and therefore wanted more representation in the legislature.
In the Senate, representation would be equal for all states, which is represented by statement A. This satisfied the smaller states, who feared that they would be overshadowed by the larger states.
Statement B is incorrect because the Great Compromise proposed a bicameral legislature, not a unicameral one.
Therefore, the correct answers are D, E, and A.
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Ways the community in which a child was raised may become a source of discrimination
To build a more inclusive and fair society for all, it is critical to understand and address these concerns.
How the community become a source of discrimination to children.The community in which a child is raised can become a source of discrimination in various ways, including:
Cultural norms and beliefs: If the community holds certain cultural beliefs or values that discriminate against certain groups of people based on their race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or other characteristics, children growing up in such communities may be socialized to hold similar discriminatory attitudes.
Limited exposure to diversity: If a child grows up in a homogeneous community with little exposure to people from different backgrounds, they may develop narrow-minded views and attitudes towards others who are different from them.
Institutional biases: If the community is structured in a way that reinforces inequalities, such as biased hiring practices, unequal access to education, healthcare, or housing, children growing up in such communities may face structural barriers and discrimination based on their background or identity.
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1. Consider the simple linear regression model Yi = β0 + β1xi + εi for i = 1, 2, . . . , n where the errors εi are uncorrelated, have mean zero and common variance Var[εi] = σ2. Suppose that the xi are in degrees Celsius and we want to write the model in degrees Fahrenheit (denoted by zi). The new model is Yi = γ0 + γ1zi + εi, where zi = c xi + d is xi converted to Fahrenheit. Express the least-squared estimates of γ0 and γ1 in terms of β0, β1, c and d? How does R2 change?
The linear regression model is a powerful tool used to describe the relationship between two variables, x and y. In this case, the original model is given by Yi = β0 + β1xi + εi, where the xi are in degrees Celsius and the errors εi are uncorrelated, have mean zero and common variance Var[εi] = σ2. We want to convert the model to degrees Fahrenheit, so we need to find the new model Yi = γ0 + γ1zi + εi, where zi = c xi + d is xi converted to Fahrenheit.
To express the least-squared estimates of γ0 and γ1 in terms of β0, β1, c and d, we can substitute zi = c xi + d into the new model and rearrange the terms:
Yi = γ0 + γ1(c xi + d) + εi
Yi = γ0 + γ1c xi + γ1d + εi
Yi = (γ0 + γ1d) + γ1c xi + εi
From this equation, we can see that the new intercept γ0 + γ1d is equal to the old intercept β0, and the new slope γ1c is equal to the old slope β1. Therefore, we can express the least-squared estimates of γ0 and γ1 in terms of β0, β1, c and d as follows:
γ0 = β0 - γ1d
γ1 = β1/c
Finally, the R2 value, which measures the proportion of the variance in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variable, does not change when converting from Celsius to Fahrenheit. This is because the relationship between the two variables remains the same, even though the units of measurement have changed.
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Assume that Citigroup lends $100 million to a foreign entrepreneur. If the entrepreneur deposits half of it in an account at Bank of America and holds the remainder in currency, then the monetary base
drops by $100 million
is unchanged
drops by $50 million
rises by $50 million
The monetary base c) drops by $50 million.
When the entrepreneur deposits half of the $100 million in Bank of America, Citigroup's reserves decrease by $50 million, leading to a $50 million drop in the monetary base. The other half of the loan that is held in currency doesn't affect the monetary base as it is not deposited in a bank.#
The monetary base is the sum of currency in circulation and bank reserves, so any change in either of these components will affect the monetary base. In this case, only the reserves held at Citigroup are affected, resulting in a $50 million decrease in the monetary base.
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Endogenous"" economic growth theory attempts to identify actions that governments can take to promote economic growth. This is an extension of the Neoclassical growth model where most increases in productivity occurred from exogenous factors such as improvements in productive technologies and human capital development that the model cannot explain. What actions can governments take to help promote economic growth?
The Endogenous economic growth theory attempts to identify actions that governments can take to promote economic growth. This theory is an extension of the Neoclassical growth model where most increases in productivity occurred from exogenous factors such as improvements in productive technologies and human capital development that the model cannot explain.
According to the Endogenous economic growth theory, governments can take the following actions to help promote economic growth:
1. Investing in human capital: This includes investing in education, training, and healthcare to improve the productivity of the workforce.
2. Promoting research and development: Governments can provide funding for research and development to encourage innovation and technological advancements.
3. Providing infrastructure: Governments can invest in infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and communication networks to facilitate economic activity.
4. Encouraging competition: Governments can implement policies to promote competition, such as reducing barriers to entry and preventing monopolies.
5. Maintaining macroeconomic stability: Governments can implement policies to maintain low inflation and stable exchange rates to create a stable economic environment for businesses and investors.
By taking these actions, governments can help promote economic growth and increase productivity in the economy.
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Which of the following is a political bias of the Republican Party
Higher Taxes
Strong Military
Government Healthcare
One of America's two main modern political parties is the Republican Party, sometimes known as the GOP or the "Grand Old Party." In contrast to contemporary liberalism, the Republican of both the United States bases much of its platform on American conservatism.
What are the Republican Party's core ideologies?The G.O.P. is fiercely opposed to individual liberty, capitalism, and congressional (as opposed to presidential) prerogatives. It is anti-collectivist, anti-Communist, and anti-New Deal.
What were the Democratic Republican Party's political philosophies?Ideology. The Democratic-Republican Party decried the Federalists as advocates of monarchy and aristocracy and viewed as a champion of republicanism. A "support to broad ideas of human liberty, social inclusion, and westward development," according to Ralph Brown, characterizes the party.
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Praper a model of editorial in title “The role that can be played by executive in formulating laws”
The role that can be played by the executive in formulating laws is that the executive can not only oversee the formulation of laws but can also work towards ensuring their enforcement and growth
How can we formulate laws?P1: Formulating laws - The functions of various parts of the government in formulating laws, The stages, Any advantages and disadvantages. P2: The role of the executive, The regular job of the executive, Whether or not the executive has a role at any given point in time in the formulation of laws, Advantages and disadvantages of this separation.
P3: Merging the two, Executive power, How can the executive help and Would it be a bad thing or a good thing.
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Write a concise note on the relationship between R 2,
adjR2 and F statistics. Can R2 be
negative?
R2, also known as the coefficient of determination, is a measure of how well a regression model fits the data. It ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating a better fit.
AdjR2, or adjusted R2, is a modified version of R2 that takes into account the number of independent variables in the model. It is generally a more accurate measure of the model's fit, as it penalizes the model for having too many independent variables.
F statistics, on the other hand, is a measure of the overall significance of the regression model. It compares the variance explained by the model to the variance not explained by the model. A significant F statistic indicates that the model is a better fit than a model with no independent variables.
R2 cannot be negative, as it is a measure of the proportion of variance explained by the model. However, adjR2 can be negative if the model is a poor fit and has too many independent variables. This is because adjR2 penalizes the model for having too many independent variables, which can result in a negative value if the model is a poor fit.
In summary, R2, adjR2, and F statistics are all measures of the fit of a regression model. R2 measures the proportion of variance explained by the model, adjR2 is a more accurate measure that takes into account the number of independent variables, and F statistics measures the overall significance of the model. R2 cannot be negative, but adjR2 can be negative if the model is a poor fit and has too many independent variables.
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What were the assumptions made in the HM Treasury forecast which may help to explain why their forecast for the immediate, short-term impact that a vote to leave the EU would have on the UK economy was so inaccurate?
The HM Treasury forecast made several assumptions about the immediate, short-term impact that a vote to leave the EU would have on the UK economy.
These assumptions may help to explain why their forecast was so inaccurate. The HM Treasury forecast made several assumptions regarding the potential economic impact of the UK's vote to leave the EU.
However, these assumptions were largely inaccurate. The forecast assumed that there would be an immediate economic shock, a drop in consumer confidence and investment, and a decline in the value of the pound.
Yet, the UK economy continued to grow steadily, consumer confidence remained stable, and investment levels remained relatively unchanged in the immediate aftermath of the vote.
It is likely that these overestimated assumptions contributed to the HM Treasury forecast's inaccurate prediction of the short-term impact of the Brexit vote on the UK economy.
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On March 1, 2021, Ploy takes a short position in frozen concentrated orange juice futures contract delivery in April 2022 at the price of 120 cents per pound. The contract
size is 15,000 pounds per contract. The initial margin requirement is $6,000 per contract and the maintenance margin requirement is $4,500 per contract. Find the price level that ploy could receive margin call.
The price level at which Ploy could receive a margin call is 110 cents per pound.
A margin call occurs when the value of a trader's margin account falls below the maintenance margin requirement. In the case of Ploy, the maintenance margin requirement is $4,500 per contract.
To find the price level at which Ploy could receive a margin call, we need to calculate the difference between the initial margin and the maintenance margin, and then divide that by the contract size to find the price change that would trigger a margin call.
The difference between the initial margin and the maintenance margin is $6,000 - $4,500 = $1,500. Dividing this by the contract size of 15,000 pounds gives us a price change of $1,500 / 15,000 = $0.10 per pound.
Therefore, if the price of frozen concentrated orange juice futures falls by $0.10 per pound from the initial price of 120 cents per pound, Ploy could receive a margin call. This means that the price level at which Ploy could receive a margin call is 120 - 10 = 110 cents per pound.
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and foods can be bought into the UK more easily and cheaply. TO If food processing didn't exist, there are some foods we would only be able to e for short periods of time. Complete the table below identifying different produce only available at certain times of the year. Activity 1: Exotic foods available to all! Food E.g. Squash Available fresh all year round? No Example of processed 1 Tinned squash Example of processed 2 Frozen squash.
Food processing is a broad field that includes everything from basic technologies like freezing to the incorporation of additives. Learn about the various types of processed foods.
What is an example of processing?
The noun processing refers to a complex treatment or process, such as the processing that coffee beans go through before becoming a hot beverage. The term "processing" is frequently used to refer to the procedures that are performed on food or other products before they are purchased or consumed. Processing activities include the use of specialized software or devices to record, store, or evaluate employee data (e.g. time recording system, digital personnel files, electronic access card system, video surveillance).
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On a recent visit to Amsterdam, you noticed that houses facing the canals are tall, deep, and extremely narrow. Your host tells you that this is due to the builder's desires to avoid taxes. Describe a tax system that would induce this kind of behavior.Relationship between tax collection and DWL as elasticity change. Is this relationship similar in the case of demand elasticity and supply elasticity?Let's assume that the supply of a good is perfectly elastic. This product is subsidized by government: it is sold 1 € under its costs. What will be the DWL? Could you introduce an example of this good?
A tax system that would induce the behavior of building tall, deep, and narrow houses would be one that taxes based on the width of the house.
In this case, builders would try to minimize the width of the house in order to avoid paying higher taxes. This type of tax system is known as a "unit tax," where the tax is based on a specific measurement or unit.
The relationship between tax collection and DWL (deadweight loss) is that as the tax increases, the DWL also increases. This is because the tax creates a wedge between the buyer's willingness to pay and the seller's willingness to sell, leading to a reduction in the quantity of the good traded and a loss of surplus for both buyers and sellers. This relationship is similar for both demand elasticity and supply elasticity, as both are affected by the tax and the resulting DWL.
In the case of a perfectly elastic supply and a government subsidy, the DWL would be zero. This is because the subsidy would simply shift the supply curve downward by the amount of the subsidy, leading to an increase in the quantity of the good traded without any loss of surplus. An example of a good with a perfectly elastic supply could be a commodity like wheat, where the supply is determined by global market forces and is not affected by the subsidy.
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TS 0.3. Mr. A deposits a sum of rs 10,00, 000 in a bank at bank at an interest rate 127. per year. % What will be the future amount after 5 years ? If compounded ? i) weekly ii) quarterly ii) Annually
The future amount of Mr. A's deposit can be calculated using the compound interest formula: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the future amount, P is the principal, r is the interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
i) If the interest is compounded weekly, then n = 52 (since there are 52 weeks in a year). Plugging in the values into the formula, we get:
A = 10,00,000(1 + 0.127/52)^(52*5)
A = 10,00,000(1.00244)^260
A = 19,68,266.59
So the future amount after 5 years when interest is compounded weekly is rs 19,68,266.59.
ii) If the interest is compounded quarterly, then n = 4 (since there are 4 quarters in a year). Plugging in the values into the formula, we get:
A = 10,00,000(1 + 0.127/4)^(4*5)
A = 10,00,000(1.03175)^20
A = 19,30,886.24
So the future amount after 5 years when interest is compounded quarterly is rs 19,30,886.24.
iii) If the interest is compounded annually, then n = 1 (since there is 1 year in a year). Plugging in the values into the formula, we get:
A = 10,00,000(1 + 0.127/1)^(1*5)
A = 10,00,000(1.127)^5
A = 18,49,335.57
So the future amount after 5 years when interest is compounded annually is rs 18,49,335.57.
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4-2 Consider four friends, Rahim, Karim, Jack and Jones, who are all looking to get one haircut each. And four barbers, Rahima, Karima, Margaret and Sophia, are willing to provide haircutting services. The following table gives information on maximum WTP and minimum WTA for each buyer and seller: Name Rahim (RA) Karim (KA) Jack (JK) Jones (JO) WTP (in Taka) 400 600 200 800 Name Rahima (RM) Karima (KM) Margaret (MA) Sophia (SO) WTA in Taka) 400 300 500 200 (a) Which of the buyers will be able to get haircuts? Which sellers will cut their hair? Intuitively explain/justify your answer. (b) Calculate total consumer and producer surphıs for this market.
(a) The buyers who will be able to get haircuts are Rahim, Karim, and Jones, because their maximum willingness to pay (WTP) is greater than or equal to the minimum willingness to accept (WTA) of at least one of the sellers. (b) Total surplus for this market is the sum of total consumer surplus and total producer surplus: 900 + 0 = 900 Taka
a. The sellers who will cut their hair are Rahima, Karima, and Sophia, because their minimum WTA is less than or equal to the maximum WTP of at least one of the buyers.
Specifically, Rahim will get a haircut from Rahima, because his WTP of 400 Taka is equal to her WTA of 400 Taka. Karim will get a haircut from Karima, because his WTP of 600 Taka is greater than her WTA of 300 Taka. Jones will get a haircut from Sophia, because his WTP of 800 Taka is greater than her WTA of 200 Taka.
Jack will not be able to get a haircut, because his WTP of 200 Taka is less than the WTA of all the sellers. Margaret will not cut anyone's hair, because her WTA of 500 Taka is greater than the WTP of all the buyers.
b. Total consumer surplus for this market is the difference between the maximum WTP and the actual price paid by the buyers who get haircuts. Assuming that the actual price is equal to the minimum WTA of the sellers, total consumer surplus is:
(400 - 400) + (600 - 300) + (800 - 200) = 0 + 300 + 600 = 900 Taka
Total producer surplus for this market is the difference between the actual price received and the minimum WTA of the sellers who cut hair. Assuming that the actual price is equal to the minimum WTA of the sellers, total producer surplus is:
(400 - 400) + (300 - 300) + (200 - 200) = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 Taka
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How do the two fundamental welfare theorems and the autonomous
self differ from the ethic of virtue, sympathy, and piety
supplementing moral law, and the first-and third-person self?
The two fundamental welfare theorems are a set of economic theorems that demonstrate the conditions under which certain economic outcomes are efficient.
In contrast, the ethic of virtue, sympathy, and piety supplementing moral law involves the utilization of moral principles and values to determine appropriate economic outcomes.
The autonomous self is a concept that emphasizes the individual's ability to determine their own behavior and outcome, while the first-and third-person self is a concept that examines how people view themselves and others in terms of self-worth and identity.
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What was special about how Margaret Bourke-White photographed steel mills? Use evidence from the text in your response.
Answer:
Margaret Bourke-White was a talented photographer who was well-known for her striking images of steel mills. Her photography was distinguished by her use of light and shadows, which created a dramatic and powerful effect in her photos. She used these techniques to illustrate the harshness of the working conditions in the steel industry and the immense power of the machines. She also captured the beauty of the machinery in her photos, which showed the strength and determination of the workers. By combining these elements, Bourke-White produced timeless and emotive images of the steel mills
Explanation:
The table gives the demand and supply schedule for Good W. Price (RM) Quantity supplied (unit) Quantity demanded (unit)
8 800 250
7 700 300 6 600 350
5 500 400 a. Calculate the price elasticity of demand for good w when the price decreases from RM7 to RM5. Is the demand elastic or inelastic
b. Calculate the price elasticity of supply for good w when the price increases from RM6 to RM8. State the degree of elasticity of supply for good W
c. When the price of good W has increases by 10%, quantity demanded for good M has decreases by 2%, calculate the cross elasticity of demand and identify their relationship. d. Based on your answer in (C)give example of good M and good W.
a. The price elasticity of demand for good W when the price decreases from RM7 to RM5 is 50.The demand for good W is inelastic since the price elasticity is less than 1.
b. The price elasticity of supply for good W when the price increases from RM6 to RM8 is 100. The supply for good W is elastic since the price elasticity is greater than 1.
c. The cross elasticity of demand can be calculated using the formula
is 0.2.
d. An example of good M and good W could be apples and oranges.
The price elasticity of demand for good W when the price decreases from RM7 to RM5 can be calculated using the formula
Ep= (%ΔQd)/(%ΔP) = (400-300)/(7-5) = 100/2 = 50.
The price elasticity of supply for good W when the price increases from RM6 to RM8 can be calculated using the formula
Ep= (%ΔQs)/(%ΔP) = (800-600)/(8-6) = 200/2 = 100.
The supply for good W is elastic since the price elasticity is greater than 1.
The cross elasticity of demand between good M and good W is inelastic, which means that when the price of good W increases by 10%, the quantity demanded for good M decreases by only 2%.
When the price of apples increases by 10%, the quantity demanded for oranges decreases by 2%.
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4. [This is a separate question. Do not use data from Part IV, Q1] Suppose the economy is characterized by the following behavioral equations: (12 marks) C = Co+cYD YD=YT I= bo+b, Y Government spending and taxes are constant. Note that investment now increases with output. (1) Solve for equilibrium output (2) What is the value of the multiplier? How does the relation between investment and output affect the value of the multiplier? For the multiplier to be positive, what condition must (c) + b) satisfy? (3) Suppose that the parameter bo, sometimes called business confidence, increases. How will equilibrium output be affected? Will investment change by more or less than the change in bo? Why? What will happen to national saving?
Equilibrium output is Y = (Co - cT + bo + G) / (1 - (c + b)), multiplier is 1 / (1 - (c + b)). For multiplier to be positive, (c + b) must be < 1, if bo increases, equilibrium output will increase and investment will change by less than the change in bo and National saving will increase.
(1) The equilibrium output can be found by setting the aggregate demand equal to the aggregate supply. The aggregate demand is C + I + G and the aggregate supply is Y. So we have:
Y = C + I + G
Substituting the given equations into this equation, we get:
Y = Co + cYD + bo + bY + G Y = Co + c(YT) + bo + bY + G Y = Co + c(Y - T) + bo + bY + G Y = Co + cY - cT + bo + bY + G Y = Co + (c + b)Y - cT + bo + G
Rearranging the equation to solve for Y, we get:
Y - (c + b)Y = Co - cT + bo + G Y(1 - (c + b)) = Co - cT + bo + G Y = (Co - cT + bo + G) / (1 - (c + b))
This is the equilibrium output.
(2) The value of the multiplier is 1 / (1 - (c + b)). The relation between investment and output affects the value of the multiplier because the value of b is included in the multiplier.
If b is positive, then the multiplier will be larger, meaning that a change in autonomous spending will have a larger impact on equilibrium output. For the multiplier to be positive, the condition (c + b) must be less than 1.
(3) If the parameter bo increases, then the equilibrium output will increase. This is because bo is included in the numerator of the equation for equilibrium output, so an increase in bo will increase the value of the numerator and therefore increase the value of Y.
Investment will change by less than the change in bo because the value of b is less than 1, so the change in investment will be b times the change in bo. National saving will increase because an increase in equilibrium output will increase national income, which will increase national saving.
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The Milgram Experiment tested the boundaries of "obedience". After reading
about the Milgram Experiment, evaluate and explain why this experiment was
immoral AND unethical.
Because the participants in the experiment were made to believe they were shocking actual people, the experiment is regarded as unethical. The people were not aware that the students were Milligram employees.
Describe the Milgram Experiment's moral and ethical shortcomings in regard to this.The experiment was deemed immoral because the participants were led to believe they were startling real people. The learners' Milgram colleague status was unknown to the participants. According to Milgram, the experiment's expected results necessitated dishonesty.
What conclusions did Milgram make as a result of his study and what did he show about how people respond to authority?Social psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted research on the effects of authority on conformity. He arrived at the notion that people comply despite doing so going against their own better judgment and preferences out of either fear or a wish to appear agreeable.
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Suppose that a market has the following supply and demand
equations:
Qd = 380 – 10p
Qs = 80 + 5p
If the government imposes a specific tax of $3 on
suppliers, what is the equilibrium price and quantity?what is the tax incidence?
The new equilibrium price is $20.20 and the new equilibrium quantity is 178 units.
The equilibrium price and quantity occur when the quantity demanded (Qd) is equal to the quantity supplied (Qs). In this case, we can set the two equations equal to each other and solve for the price (p):
380 - 10p = 80 + 5p
300 = 15p
p = 20
Now we can plug the price back into either equation to find the equilibrium quantity:
Qd = 380 - 10(20) = 380 - 200 = 180
Qs = 80 + 5(20) = 80 + 100 = 180
So the equilibrium price is $20 and the equilibrium quantity is 180 units.
If the government imposes a specific tax of $3 on suppliers, this will shift the supply curve up by $3. The new supply equation will be:
Qs = 80 + 5p - 3
Now we can set the new supply equation equal to the demand equation and solve for the new equilibrium price:
380 - 10p = 80 + 5p - 3
303 = 15p
p = 20.2
And we can plug the new price back into either equation to find the new equilibrium quantity:
Qd = 380 - 10(20.2) = 380 - 202 = 178
Qs = 80 + 5(20.2) - 3 = 80 + 101 - 3 = 178
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Throughout the course of this unit, we have studied interactions between organisms and how a change in one population can affect the other populations in an ecosystem. Please give two examples of ways that organisms interact with other populations of organisms and how this impacts populations of organisms within the ecosystem.
The first and second examples for this questions are : Predation and Mutualism.
why it is?
Example 1: Predation
Predation is an interaction in which one organism (the predator) kills and eats another organism (the prey). This interaction has a significant impact on the population of organisms within an ecosystem. For instance, if the predator population increases, it will result in a decrease in the prey population. In turn, this can affect other populations in the ecosystem that depend on the prey as a food source.
Example 2: Mutualism
Mutualism is an interaction between two species in which both species benefit from the relationship. An example of mutualism is the relationship between bees and flowers. Bees visit flowers to collect nectar and pollen, and in doing so, they help pollinate the flowers.
This mutualistic relationship benefits both bees and flowers. Bees get a source of food, while flowers get help with pollination, which leads to increased seed production. This can impact other populations within the ecosystem that depend on the flowers for food or habitat.
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If your source mentions information or testimony that counters your position or raises doubts about your argument, your best strategy for taking exploratory notes is to
If your source mentions information or testimony that counters your position or raises doubts about your argument, your best strategy for taking exploratory notes is to record.
Explanatory or content notes are used to add clarifications, comments, or other additional material pertaining to the primary content but would lengthen or make the text difficult to read. These notes might also have references to back them up. The Explanatory Notes provide a commentary on the scope of each heading, listing the major products included and omitted, as well as technical descriptions of the goods in question (their look, qualities, method of manufacturing, and purposes), as well as helpful identification tips. Explanatory notes must include information on the accounting principles used by the entity to maintain accounting records and prepare financial statements, as these principles are likely to have an impact on the users' decisions when using the financial statement information.
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As the top employer at your firm you are given the following choices as your end of year bonus: (assume that you will remain in that firm for 20 years) SHOW MATHEMATICAL WORK DONE
Choice A: $30,0000/year as long as you remain an employee there
Choice B: $1 first year, with each subsequent double of the previous
a) you should choose A if the risk-free rate is 0%
b) you should choose B if the risk-free rate is over 10%
c) at what interest rate would you be equally happy with the two options?
The interest rate at which I would be equally happy with both options is approximately 7.18% per year.
To arrive at this answer, I used the formula for the present value of a perpetuity to calculate the value of Choice A, which is $750,000 (i.e., $30,000 divided by 0.04, assuming a discount rate of 4%). For Choice B, I used the formula for the sum of a geometric series to calculate the value of the bonus after 20 years, which is approximately $1.05 million (i.e., $1 times two to the power of 20).
Next, I discounted the future value of Choice B back to the present using a range of discount rates and compared it to the present value of Choice A. At a discount rate of 7.18%, the present value of Choice B is also $750,000, making the two options equally desirable.
Therefore, if the risk-free rate is below 7.18%, Choice A is the better option, and if it is above 7.18%, Choice B is the better option.
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In three to five sentences, discuss why the Cuban Missile Crisis happened and its impact on the U. S
Answer:
n October 1962, an American U-2 spy plane secretly photographed nuclear missile sites being built by the Soviet Union on the island of Cuba. President Kennedy did not want the Soviet Union and Cuba to know that he had discovered the missiles. He met in secret with his advisors for several days to discuss the problem.
Europe undergoes unprecedented economic growth between
the years, 1815 and 1900.
What are the roots and characteristics of that growth
during that period?
Europe experienced unprecedented economic growth during the period between 1815 and 1900. Population growth, industrialization, and technology drive this expansion.
Many causes contributed to Europe's extraordinary economic expansion between 1815 and 1900.
The development of machinery like the steam engine and the spinning jenny was essential in bringing about this change, which is known as industrialization.
This technological advancement increased production and decreased expenses, which stimulated consumer demand and accelerated economic growth.
Steamships and railroads were examples of new transportation technology that aided in expanding international trade and the economy.
Moreover, the characteristics of this growth is marked by an increase in international trade, a shift in the economy from agriculture to industry, and a rise in labour productivity.
Briefly, the period between 1815 and 1900 saw extraordinary economic expansion.
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An increase in government purchases of goods and services
may be an effective counter-cyclical policy, depending on the evolution of inflation
is always an effective counter-cyclical policy
is never an effective counter-cyclical policy
may be an effective counter-cyclical policy, depending on the ultimate cause of a recession
An increase in government purchases of goods and services may be an effective counter-cyclical policy, E: "depending on the ultimate cause of a recession".
This is because an increase in government spending can stimulate the economy and help to mitigate the effects of a recession. However, the effectiveness of this policy will depend on the underlying cause of the recession. If the recession is caused by a lack of demand, then an increase in government spending can help to boost demand and stimulate economic growth.
However, if the recession is caused by supply-side factors, such as a decline in productivity or an increase in the cost of production, then an increase in government spending may not be as effective.
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