The following are correct ways of writing the reaction of an alkene with hydrobromic acid in the presence of a peroxide to form an alkyl halide :
CH₃CH = CH₂ + HBr + peroxide -----> CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ -Br
Th alkene with hydrogen bromide in the presence of peroxide to form alkyl halide is knows as the anti - markovnikov's rule or called as peroxide effect. let us tale an example with propene, the reaction is given as :
CH₃CH = CH₂ + HBr + peroxide -----> CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ -Br
Thus, The following are correct ways of writing the reaction of an alkene with hydrobromic acid in the presence of a peroxide to form an alkyl halide :
CH₃CH = CH₂ + HBr + peroxide -----> CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ -Br
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explain in a paragraph what it means for a reaction to be at equilibrium. include in your answer references to the amounts of reactants and products and the rates of the forward and backward reaction
At equilibrium, the two opposing reactions takes place at equal rates, or velocities, and hence there is no net change in the amounts of substances that are involved.
A chemical reaction is in equilibrium when there is no tendency for the quantities of reactants and products to change. They represent the same chemical reaction system in which the roles of the components are usually reversed, and both yield the same mixture of components when the change is completed fully.
A reversible chemical reaction is one in which the products, as soon as they are formed, react to produce the original reactants back. At equilibrium, generally the two opposing reactions go on at equal rates, or velocities, and hence there is no net change in the amounts of substances involved.
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What are the 4 key stages of fire?.
The four stages of fire are ignition, growth, fully developed, and decay.
Combustion is the chemical process of “burning” while fire is a reaction that is usually involving the bonding of oxygen with carbon or other fuel, with the production of heat and the presence of flame. The original substance is called the fuel, and the source of oxygen is called the oxidizer.
There are four stages of fire development: ignition, growth, fully developed, and decay.
The ignition stage is when all the four elements of the fire tetrahedron coalesce, the fuels reach their ignition temperature, and then the fire begins. During the growth stage, the fire increases fuel consumption and creates more and more heat and smoke. The fully developed stage occurs when the maximum amount of fuel and oxidizers are consumed, and the highest heat released and is produced. Then the temperature decreases and intensity is reduced during the decay stage, which happens when the available fuel has been consumed.
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Can dew point be calculated?.
Using this Td = T - ((100 - RH)/5.) we can calculate the approximation of dew point temperature.
The dew factor is the temperature the air desires to be cooled to (at regular stress) in order to achieve a relative humidity (RH) of one hundred%. At this point the air can't maintain greater water inside the fuel shape.
In other words, it enables meteorologists discern out the amount of moisture inside the air. Once the dewpoint reaches the air temperature, the air can't keep any greater water vapor. it's at this point that fog, dew, or any kind of precipitation may additionally form.
The dew factor is laid low with humidity. when there may be more moisture within the air, the dew point is higher.
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the electron configuration of aluminum can be written as [ne]3s2 3p1 , what is the configuration of the al3 ion?
The electronic configuration of Al3+ is 2,8.
What is electron configuration?A specific atom or molecule's nucleus's electronic configuration is determined by how its electrons are arranged around it.The shell number (n) comes first in the symbols used to represent the electron configuration, followed by the kind of orbital and, finally, a superscript that represents the number of electrons in the orbital. Examples include Oxygen has 8 electrons, as can be seen on the periodic chart.The chemical reactions an atom can engage in and the types of molecules it can join with other atoms to make to create more complex compounds are both governed by the electrical configuration of the atom.To learn more about electronic configuration refer to:
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enter a balanced chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose (c6h12o6) by clostridium pasteurianum in which the aqueous sugar reacts with water to form aqueous acetic acid (ch3co2h) , carbonic acid (h2co3) , and hydrogen gas. express your answer as a chemical equation including phases.
The balanced chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose, we can see that methanol and carbon dioxide are formed.
Fermentation, is generally a chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically or in the absence of water. More broadly we can understand that fermentation is the foaming that occurs during the manufacture of wine and beer, a process at least 10,000 years old.
Fermentation occurs in yeast cells, and a form of fermentation takes place in bacteria and in the muscle cells of the animals. In yeast cells these are those yeast used for baking bread and also that are producing alcoholic beverages, glucose can be metabolized through cellular respiration as in other cells too.
The balanced chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose is as follows;
[tex]C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}[/tex] + [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] → [tex]4C_{2}H_{5}OH[/tex] + [tex]4CO_{2}[/tex]
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according to either the lab manual or materials posted on canvas, which isomer of heptene has the longest retention time?
The 1-heptene. cis 2-heptene. trans 2-heptene has the longest retention time.
What is isomers?
Isomers are substances that contain precisely the same number of atoms, i.e., they have the exact same empirical formula, but they differ from one another by the arrangement of the atoms.
What is heptane?
A straight-chain alkane containing seven carbon atoms is called heptane. In Jeffrey pine, it was discovered (Pinus jeffreyi). In addition to being a plant metabolite, it serves as a non-polar solvent. It is both an alkane and an organic volatile substance.
Therefore, 1-heptene. cis 2-heptene. trans 2-heptene has the longest retention time.
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hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas react to form ammonia gas. what volume of ammonia would be produced by this reaction if of hydrogen were consumed?
The volume of ammonia would be produced by this reaction if of hydrogen were consumed the extent of ammonia that could be produced with the aid of using this response if 6.9 m3 of hydrogen had been fed on is 4,600.064cm³.
The response among the hydrogen fueloline and nitrogen fueloline is as given below;3H+ N > 2NH3Since the extent of hydrogen is given as 6.9m³Mole of hydrogen =6900/22.4Mole of hydrogen = 308.04 moles of HGet the range of moles of NH3 Number of moles of NH3= 2/3 of moles of HydrogenNumber of moles of NH3 =2/3^ x 308.04Number of moles of NH3= 205.36 moles of NH3Get the extent of ammonia NH3.Get the extent of ammonia NH3Volume of ammonia produced = 205.36 ^ x x22.4Volume of ammonia produced = 4,600.064cm³.Hence the extent of ammonia that could be produced with the aid of using this response if 6.nine m3 of hydrogen had been fed on is 4,600.064cm³.Read more about the ammonia gas:
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What is the relationship between the following two compounds?
A. constitutional isomers
B. stereoisomers
C. identical
CCC(C)O
CCOCC
D. not isomers; different compounds entirely
Answer:
A) Constructional isomers
specifically functional group isomers
The given compounds are constitutional isomers. This is because their parent chain is the same but the position of the alkyl group in the two compounds is different. So option A is correct.
The molecular formula of the constitutional isomers is the same as that of the other isomers, but the connectivities are different. For example, n-butane is a constitutional isomer, as are the functional groups of ethanol, dimethyl ether, etc.
The simplest way to determine whether a molecule is a constitutional isomer is to count the number of carbon atoms and the degree to which hydrogen has been unsaturated. If all of the atoms are identical and the molecules have the same hydrogen deficiency index, then the molecules are constitutional.
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How many moles is 2. 2 grams of CO2?.
The number of moles of carbon dioxide is 0.05 mol.
A molecule of CO2 contains one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. One mole of CO2 contains one mole of carbon atoms and two moles of oxygen atoms. The mass of one atomic mole of an element equals the atomic mass in grams, and the molecular mass of an element or compound equals the sum of the atomic masses of each type of its constituent atoms.
Therefore, the mass of one mole of a molecule of an element or compound equals its molecular weight in grams. The number of grams in moles depends on the substance you have. To calculate it, find the atomic or molecular mass of the substance and multiply it by the number of moles.
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cobalt-60 has a half-life of 5.26 years. how much 60co will remain from an initial sample of 6.40 grams after 10.0 years?
Amount of 60co will remain from an initial sample of 6.40 grams after 10.0 years is 0.0009765625g.
The 1/2-life of a response is the time required for the reactant awareness to decrease to at least one-half of its preliminary fee. The 1/2-life of a first-order response is a consistent this is associated with the charge constant for the reaction: t1/2 = 0.693/k. Radioactive decay reactions are first-order reactions.
Amount left after 1 half-life = (original amount)(1/2)
Amount left after 2 half-lives = (amount left after one half-life)(1/2) = (original amount)(1/2)(1/2)
Amount left after 3 half-lives = (amount left after two half-lives)(1/2) = (original amount)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)
As you can see, the amount left after n half-lives will be the original amount times 1/2 n times, or
Amount left after n half-lives = (original amount)(1/2)^n
For 4 half-lives and 1g original amount, we therefore have:
Amount = (1g)(1/2)^4
= 1/16
= .0625g
For 10 half-lives, we have:
Amount = (1g)(1/2)^10
= 1/1024
= 0.0009765625g.
(A) .5g
(B) .25g
(C) .0625g
(D) 0.0009765625g
A 1/2-life is the time taken for something to halve its quantity. The time period is most customarily used inside the context of radioactive decay, which occurs while unstable atomic debris lose electricity. Twenty-nine factors are regarded to be able to present process this manner.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the comlete question.
Cobalt-60 has a half-life of 5.26 years. If 1.00 g of 60Co were allowed to decay, how many grams would be left after
a. one half-life?
b. two half-lives?
c. four half-lives?
d. ten half-lives?
what would be the outcome in your experimental lanes if you forgot the steps of gel electrophoresis below?
1. Forgot DNA stain: gel looks empty
2. Forgot restriction enzyme: very long fragment on gel
3. Forgot power supply: gel looks empty
4. Forgot molecular weight marker : DNA fragment looks normal
5. Forgot to add DNA: gel looks empty
6. Selected restriction enzyme has no restriction sites in DNA: very long fragment on gel
What is gel electrophoresis?
Gel electrophoresis is an experimental method for separating mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins by molecular size. In gel electrophoresis, molecules to be separated are forced into a gel containing small pores by an electric field. Molecules pass through gel pores at a velocity inversely proportional to their length. This means that small DNA molecules travel a longer distance in the gel than larger DNA molecules.
Steps of gel electrophoresis:
There are several basic steps to performing gel electrophoresis that will be described below;
1) Pouring the gel,
2) Preparing your samples,
3) Loading the gel,
4) Running the gel (exposing it to an electric field) ,
5) Staining the gel.
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In an experiment, light of a particular wavelength is incident on a metal surface, and electrons are emitted from the surface as a result. To produce electrons with higher kinetic energy per electron, the experimenter should do which of the following? 1. Increase the intensity and the wavelength of the light 2. Decrease the wavelength of the light 3. Decrease the intensity and increase the wavelength of the light 4. None of these would produce the desired result. 5. Increase the wavelength of the light
To produce electrons with higher kinetic energy per electron, the experimenter should increase the intensity and the wavelength of the light. In order to decrease the energy of each photon we need less frequency (ν) which means increased wavelength (λ) for the incoming light. The intensity has to be increased since it is directly proportional to the number of photoelectrons emitted.
What is Planck's equation?The energy of a particular photon can be calculated using Planck's equation:
E = hν
Here, E = Energy of a photon in joules (J)
h = Planck's constant (6.626×10⁻³⁴J⋅s)
ν = Frequency of light (Hz)
What is photoelectric effect?The photoelectric effect is a phenomena whereby electrons can be released from the surface of a metal when light strikes upon it. The electrons that are released from the metal are known as photoelectrons, and this process is also frequently called photoemission. The Kinetic energy (KE) of each photoelectron is given by KE = hν – Φ.
E (i.e, the total energy of the incoming photon) must be equal to the KE (i.e, the kinetic energy of the ejected electron) plus the energy required to eject the electron from the metal which is also called the work function (Φ).
E = KE + Φ
The value of Φ also changes depending on the metal. Writing the energy of the photon in terms of Planck's equation we get:
E = hν = KE + Φ
By rearranging this equation in terms of the kinetic energy of electrons, we get:
KE = hν – Φ
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the reaction between c6 h12o6 and o2 is represented by the balanced equation above. in an experiment, 0.30 mol of co2 was produced from the reaction of 0.05 mol of c6 h12o6 with excess o2 . the reaction was repeated at the same temperature and in the same container, but this time 0.60 mol of co2 was produced. which of the following must be true? a the initial amount of c6 h12o6 in the container must have been 0.10 mol b exactly 0.30 mol of c6 h12o6 must have reacted because c atoms were conserved. c exactly 0.40 mol of o2 must have reacted because the temperature and container volume are the same. d more than 0.60 mol of o2 must have reacted because it was present in excess
There had to have been 0.10 mol of C₆H₁₂O₆ in the container.
The above reaction clearly indicates that when 1 mol of C₆H₁₂O₆ and 2 mol of CO₂ are combined and O₂ is given in excess, this combination alone determines the development of a product. Therefore, C₆H₁₂O₆ is a limiting reactant and O₂ is an excess reactant in this reaction.
To make 1 mol of CO₂ from 0.05 mol of C₆H₁₂O₆, it takes 6 times as much C₆H₁₂O₆.
Now, 0.60 moles of CO₂ must be produced from 0.6 divided by 6 mol of reactant, which equals to
moles of C₆H₁₂O₆ = 0.6/6 = 0.1 mol
Therefore, the initial amount of C₆H₁₂O₆ in the container must have been 0.10 mol.
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A bar of gold has a temperature of 31°C, and a bar of aluminum has a
temperature of 27°C. Which statement explains why the bar of aluminum has
a lower temperature?
Due to the faster-moving aluminum bar's component particles, its temperature is higher than a gold bar's. The metal bar's constituent particles are traveling more slowly.
What is temperature ?The physical concept of temperature indicates in numerical form how hot or cold something is. A thermometer is used to determine temperature. Thermometers are calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, which historically defined distinct reference points and thermometric substances.
Each of us has to understand what heat and temperature mean on a daily basis. The temperature of the day affects how we dress in the morning, and the majority of what we do takes energy, which ultimately comes from the Sun. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that studies heat and temperature.
Thus, a bar gold has higher temperature than a bar aluminum.
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the only mineral that is required to be added to enriched grain products in the united states is multiple choice potassium. zinc. iodine. iron.
In the US, only iron is required to be added to products made from enhanced grains. Iron and B vitamins are among these replenished nutrients (folic acid, riboflavin, niacin, and thiamine).
Additional calcium may be taken. mineral must be included in enhanced grain products. When a grain product has the word "enriched," it must have specific levels of the vitamins niacin, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, and folic acid.
Products that are useful for the manufacturing of ethanol and animal feed, respectively, include increased fiber-enriched grain products or vitamins and enhanced fiber-reduced grain products or materials, boosted in fat content, protein content, or both.
The chemical element iron has the atomic number 26 and the letter Fe, which comes from the Latin word forum. It is a metal that is a member of group 8 and the first transition series of the periodic table is called iron.
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calculate the theoretical total number of atp molecules, per one molecule of glucose, obtained from complete oxidation in the presence of oxygen.
The theoretical total number of ATP molecules, per one molecule of glucose, obtained from complete oxidation in the presence of oxyge is 38
Determining the exact yield of ATP for aerobic respiration is difficult due to number of reasons. In addition to generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotic cells, proton motive force is also used for functions such as transporting materials across membranes and also rotating flagella.
Furthermore, the number of ATP generated per reduced NADH or FADH2 is not always a whole number. For every pair of electrons transported to the electron transport chain by a molecule of NADH, between 2 and 3 ATP are generated. For each pair of electrons transferred by FADH2, between 1 and 2 ATP are generated.
In eukaryotic cells, unlike in that of prokaryotes, NADH generated in the cytoplasm during glycolysis must be transported across the mitochondrial membrane before it can transfer electrons to the electron transport chain and this requires energy. As a result, between 1 and 2 ATP are generated from these NADH as well
In eukaryotic cells, the theoretical maximum yield of ATP generated per glucose is 36 to 38, depending on how the 2 NADH generated in the cytoplasm during the process of glycolysis enter the mitochondria and whether the resulting yield is 2 or 3 ATP per NADH..
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Ibuprofen, a common headache remedy, has an empirical formula of c7h9o and a molar mass of approximately 215 g/mol. What is the molecular formula for ibuprofen?.
Answer: C13H18O2
Explanation:
The ease with which a liquid evaporates depends on the strength of its intermolecular forces. A liquid with stronger intermolecular forces will have a _____ vapor pressure at a given temperature and thus a _____ boiling pointlower; higher
A liquid with stronger intermolecular forces will have a lower vapor pressure at a given temperature and thus a higher boiling point.
Intermolecular forces can be described as the forces that are present between the atoms of a molecule.
When the intermolecular forces are strong, it will not be easy to break these forces between atoms such that they begin to vaporize. As there will be lesser molecules breaking the bonds and vaporizing, the vapor pressure will be lower for molecules that have strong intermolecular forces.
As it will take high energy or heat to break the bonds in a molecule that has strong intermolecular forces, hence the boiling point in these liquids will be higher.
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Part A Consider the following neutral electron configurations in which n has a constant value. Which configuration would belong to the element with the most negative electron affinity, E? View Available Hintís) O 5s2 5s25p O 5s25ps O5s25p Submit Request Answer Part B Arrange the following elements from greatest to least tendency to accept an electron Rank from greatest to least tendency to accept an electron. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. h View Available Hint(s) 9:18 PM
As stated in the preceding statement. Due to the stability of noble gases, incandescents have the highest EA.
Who or what is an electron?A opposite charges subatomic particle known as an electron can either be free or attached to an atom (not bound). One of three principal types of atoms within about an atom is an ion that is bonded to it; an other two are neutrons and neutrons.
What is an example of an electron?The smallest elemental component of an atom, the electron has a negative charge. In a neutral atom, there are an adequate amounts of protons and electrons. One atom or one proton are all that the hydrogen atom has. Contrarily, the nucleus of an atom possesses 92 protons and
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What is the chemical equation for lactic acid?.
An organic acid is lactic acid. Its chemical formula is CH3CH(OH)COOH.
What results from the fermentation of lactic acid?Lactic acid (lactate) and NAD+ are produced during lactic acid fermentation. To enable glycolysis to continue and produce additional ATP, NAD+ cycles back.
Most sour milk products, including kumis, laban, yoghurt, kefir, and some cottage cheeses, contain lactic acid. Lactic acid causes the casein in fermented milk to coagulate, or "curdle." Additionally, lactic acid is in charge of giving sourdough bread its distinctive taste.
One of the organic acids is lactic acid. Lactic acid has the chemical formula C3H6O3. It is a chiral molecule as it contains two optical isomers, Levo and Dextro.
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what is the electron configuration for a silver atom? express your answer in condensed form as a string without blank space between orbitals. for example, [ar]4s23d104p4 should be entered as [ar]4s^23d^104p^4.
The electronic configuration of Silver is [Kr][tex]4d^{10}5s^{1}[/tex]
The electron configuration of an element generally describes how electrons are distributed in its atomic orbitals. Electron configurations of atoms follow a standardized rules in which all electron-containing atomic subshells along with the number of electrons they hold written in superscript form and they are placed in a sequence
However, the standard notation often yields lengthy electron configurations especially for elements having a relatively large atomic number . In such cases, an abbreviated or condensed notation may be used instead of the standard notation. In the abbreviated notation, the sequence of completely filled subshells that are corresponding to the electronic configuration of a noble gas is replaced with the symbol of that noble gas in square the brackets.
Atomic number of silver is 47, and the condensed electronic configuration can be written as [Kr][tex]4d^{10}5s^{1}[/tex]
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Identify the NMR term that corresponds to each description.
The area of a signal that corresponds to the number of nuclei at that frequency
The frequency at which a nucleus absorbs and resonates with a magnetic field
The appearance of multiple peaks for a single nucleus due to neighboring nuclei
The end of the NMR spectrum close to the reference signa
The end of the NMR spectrum far from the reference signal
The area of a signal that corresponds to the number of nuclei at that frequency = Integration
The frequency at which a nucleus absorbs and resonates with a magnetic field = Chemical shift
The appearance of multiple peaks for a single nucleus due to neighboring nuclei = Splitting
The end of the NMR spectrum close to the reference signal = Upfield
The end of the NMR spectrum far from the reference signal = Downfield
Identify the NMR term that corresponds to each description :
integrationchemical shiftsplittingupfielddownfieldThe are of signal which is corresponds to the nuclei at that frequency is known as the integration. The chemical shift is the difference between the resonance frequency and the tetramethylsilane in terms of part per million.
The splitting of the peaks causes in the presence of the proton to the magnitude of n+1 , n is the number if neighboring proton. splitting is known as the appearance of the multiple peaks. If the end of the NMR spectrum signals are far from the reference then its is down field. when the signals appear close to the reference signal then it is up field.
Thus, Identify the NMR term that corresponds to each description :
The area of a signal that corresponds to the number of nuclei at that frequency = Integration
The frequency at which a nucleus absorbs and resonates with a magnetic field = Chemical shift
The appearance of multiple peaks for a single nucleus due to neighboring nuclei = Splitting
The end of the NMR spectrum close to the reference signal = Upfield
The end of the NMR spectrum far from the reference signal = Downfield
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in the following diagram, identify and label two conjugate acid-base pairs. identify the acid and the base in each pair.
In the following diagram, identify and label two conjugate acid-base pairs. Identify the acid and the base in each pair.
What is the importance of acid?
Acids play significant roles within the human body. The presence of hydrochloric acid in the stomach helps digestion by breaking down large and complex food molecules. Amino acids are required for protein synthesis which helps to grow and repair body tissues
How do you identify acids and bases?
To decide whether a substance is an acid or base, count the hydrogens on each substance before and after the reaction. If the number has decreased that substance is the acid (which donates hydrogen ions) . If the number of hydrogens has increased that substance is the base (accepts hydrogen ions)
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Question 11 Which of the following correctly lists species in order of increasing bond order? Be2 < C2 < N2
Be2 < C2 < N2 is correct order of bond order.
To verify the accuracy of any chemical structure, we use the octet rule, which stipulates that all atoms in a compound are expected to abide by. In the model of carbon IV oxide, every atom precisely satisfies the octet rule. Each atom in the molecule has eight electrons surrounding its valence shell. Given the overall number of bonds and electrons, as well as the fact that CO2 contains sixteen valence electrons, we can thus conclude that this structure is correct.
It has a negative charge that is comparable to its negative charge, which is 1.602176634 coulombs, the fundamental unit of electric charge. Only 1/1,836 the mass of a proton, or 9.1093837015 10-31 kg, makes up the rest mass of an electron.
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24. rotation around the double bond is difficult because the pi bond requires energy. this means the and isomers are not easily introconverted.
The reactivity of the double bond is affected by the presence of substituents. Electron-withdrawing groups make it more reactive, while electron-donating groups make it less reactive.
The presence of the double bond causes some structural differences between alkanes and alkenes. Alkenes are not as dense as alkanes, and the double bond creates a dipole that can be exploited by other molecules.
Cycloalkenes: Structure and reactivityCycloalkenes are alkenes that have cyclic structures. The cyclic structure makes them more stable than the linear structure of alkanes. The cyclic structure also provides additional sites for substitution, which affects the reactivity.
Structure and reactivity
Cycloalkenes have cyclic structures with a ring of carbons and a double bond.
The reactivity of the double bond is affected by the presence of substituents. Electron-withdrawing groups make it more reactive, while electron-donating groups make it less reactive.
The presence of the double bond causes some structural differences between alkanes and alkenes. Alkenes are not as dense as alkanes, and the double bond creates a dipole that can be exploited by other molecules.
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What benefits did the increase in oxygen have for life on Earth?.
The primordial atmosphere of Earth became unbalanced due to the increased generation of oxygen. Considering that many anaerobic creatures found oxygen to be harmful.
How much oxygen is there?Anything with just one kind of atom in it. An oxygen atom has eight protons in its nucleus, as indicated by its atomic number of 8, which is represented by the letter O in its official chemical formula. At room temperature, oxygen is a gas that lacks all other flavors, smells, and colors.
Why is oxygen referred to as O2 and not as O?All of the molecules involved are visible in chemical equations because of how they are built. The symbol for oxygen is an a because each molecule has two oxygen atoms. The oxygen molecules that make up our breath are diatomic, or composed of just two oxygen atoms.
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select the correct answer to fill in both blanks: the substrate below is and undergo an sn2 reaction when treated with a strong nucleophile.
The substrate is primary and it would undergo SN2 reaction.
What is SN2 reaction?We know that a nucleophilic substitution reaction is said to occur when a leaving group in a compound is attacked by a nucleophilic substitution. The attack of the nucleophile would cause the cause a positive charge to begin to develop on the carbon atom that is bearing the leaving group.
This nucleophilic reaction could occur in two ways;
Unimolecular mechanism SN1
Bimolecular mechanism SN2
In the bimolecular mechanism, the leaving groups attacks and begins to attach itself to the nucleophile even before the leaving group is finally off the substrate. This is common when we have a primary carbon atom or a secondary carbon atom and a strong nucleophile.
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How does hydrogen get a full valence shell?.
By donating or sharing one electron with another atom or a molecule such as water.
By exchanging electrons, atoms form chemical bonds. This is determined by how many electrons make up an element's electron clouds. The valence number is equivalent to the number of accessible electrons in the outermost electron cloud. The electrons that are most suitable for forming chemical bonds are called valence electrons. These valence electrons can be shared with another atom to fill open energy levels in a covalent bond. In spite of the fact that this outermost level possesses eight potential electrons, the resulting chemical is an inert noble gas when all eight electrons are present. Atoms that don't have eight electrons in their outermost shells will join forces with other atoms to share the extra pair of electrons until they have eight.
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What are the 3 primary methods of chemical exposure?.
Ingestion, dermal exposure, and inhalation are indeed the three main exposure routes.
What instances from chemistry?The substances, such as copper, nitrogen, and oxygen, as well as compounds comprised of components like alcohol, carbon dioxide, and salt, as well as more complicated materials, such as a computers, the air you breathe, precipitation, a chicken, a car, etc., are examples of chemicals.
What materials make up chemical?Chemicals are another name for matter, which is everything composed of atoms. Chemicals are the buildings you can create using atoms as the building pieces in a LEGO set. They could be solid, liquid, or gas in any form. Chemical can be a combination or a pure substance.
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What happens when you move from right to left on the periodic table?.
Moving over a period in the periodic table from left to right causes an increase in the electronegativity of elements. This is because when you move across a periodic table, left to right.
The atoms' attraction to the valence electrons grows as the nuclear charge expands faster than electron shielding can keep up. The tendency of an atom of a certain chemical element to draw shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical connection is known as electronegativity and is represented by the symbol. The atomic number of an atom and the separation of its valence electrons from the charged nucleus both have an impact on how electronegativity of an atom is. A tabular representation of the chemical elements is known as the periodic table, or periodic table of the (chemical) elements.
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