which of the following are non-conservative properties of a deep water mass? 1. temperature 2. dissolved gases (o2, co2) 3. salinity 4. nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silica)

The longitudinal diffusion a more serious problem in gas chromatography than in liquid chromatography because the diffusion coefficient is much more larger in gas than the liquid.

Chromatography is a type of laboratory technique which is performed for the separation of the mixture of different elements into its components. The mixture firstly dissolved in a fluid solvent which is known as the mobile phase, that carries it through a system at which the material called the stationary phase is fixed.

Not all molecules present in the same solute show same behavior. Different molecules show different behaviour. This is due to mainly three reason which arr given as below:

The molecules of solute moves in different direction in the stationary phase, it is due to porosity of the particle that form it.

Thus, we concluded that the longitudinal diffusion a more serious problem in gas chromatography than in liquid chromatography because the diffusion coefficient is much more larger in gas than the liquid.

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catalytic process, A Ni catalyst is required for amide and alcohol to make the right esters. hydroxide ion is a stronger nucleophile than either water or ethanol,

In general, catalytic activity is a chemical interaction between a catalyst and a reactant that yields chemical intermediates more readily able to react with one another or with another reactant to yield the desired end product. Catalysis is the process of accelerating a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst to it. Catalysts are unaffected by and are not destroyed by the reaction.

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1.00 mole of calcium hydroxide has 1.20 × [tex]10^{24}[/tex] atoms.

Calcium hydroxide is an odorless white powder. It's utilized in industrial settings, inclusive of sewage treatment, paper production, creation, and food processing. It also has medical and dental makes use of. as an instance, root canal fillings frequently include calcium hydroxide.

Prolonged contact of the pores and skin with calcium hydroxide may motive skin and a vesicular rash, skin ulceration, and corrosion in a few cases. Ingestion of this material has induced intense pain, vomiting, tissue corrosion, perforation, and loss of life.

Calcium hydroxide, also called slaked lime, is obtained by using the motion of water on calcium oxide. While combined with water, a small share of it dissolves, forming an answer referred to as limewater, the relaxation ultimate as a suspension referred to as milk of lime.

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The products for the balanced reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and magnesium hydroxide (mg(oh)2) are salt (magnesium chloride ) and water.

The balanced equation is:

[tex]Mg(OH) _{2}+2HCl - MgCl_{2}+2H_{2} O[/tex]

What happens when magnesium hydroxide reacts with HCl?

Does magnesium hydroxide dissolve in HCl?

Magnesium Hydroxide is soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid.

Thus, products obtained from the reaction are salt and water.

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If Ozone does not absorb UV radiation the temperature would rise enormously and the life on planet will be at risk.

This is because the Ozone layer covers the Earth and has the foremost function of absorbing and trapping the incoming UV and IR radiations, which if not absorbed can heat up the planet thereby increasing its overall temperature.

The non-entrapment of UV,IR rays will be futile to the biological contents of Earth and even cause fatalities to  the abiotic components of the planet .Observations have shown that the increase in emission of greenhouse gases like Carbon dioxide, methane and synthetic chemicals like CFCs  disrupted the Ozone layer eventually affecting the climate.

Ozone damage impact the climate primarily by fluctuating the temperature. The more ozone in a given quantity of air, the more heat it traps. Ozone generates heat in the stratosphere, both by absorbing the sun's UV radiation and by absorbing IR radiation from the lower layer of atmosphere.

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Alpha particles are the only radioactive particle that could have been used in the Rutherford gold foil experiment because they are produced naturally by radioactive nuclides that are alpha emitters and so a steady supply was easy to obtain.

As alpha particles do not travel very far from their radioactive source. They cannot pass through a piece of paper, clothes, or even the layer of dead cells which normally protects the skin.

Rutherford used alpha particles in his gold foil experiment in part because his previous research on radioactive decay discovered alpha particles. He wanted to test how alpha particles, which are positively charged, would react with various forms of matter.

Therefore Rutherford uses alpha particles in the Rutherford gold foil experiment.

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A nuclide is formed in the process [tex]^{206}Pb[/tex].

Polonium is а rаdioаctive element thаt occurs nаturаlly in very low concentrаtions in the eаrth’s crust. Mаrie аnd Pierre Curie discovered polonium in 1898 while they were seeking the cаuse of the rаdioаctivity of pitchblende ore thаt contаined urаnium. Polonium in its pure form is а low-melting, fаirly volаtile metаl. Аll polonium isotopes аre rаdioаctive, but most аre very short-lived аnd decаy rаpidly. Only three polonium isotopes lаst for аny аppreciаble аmount of time. Those isotopes аre polonium-208, polonium-209, аnd polonium-210.

Polonium-210 is the predominаnt nаturаlly occurring isotope of polonium аnd the one most widely used. Polonium-210 hаs а hаlf-life of 138 dаys, аnd it decаys to stаble leаd-206 by emitting аn аlphа pаrticle (аn аlphа pаrticle hаs two protons аnd two neutrons).

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Ground state electron configuration of bohrium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 5f¹⁴ 6d⁵ 7s². Atomic number of Bohrium is 107.

Elements are composed of identical atom, they cannot be distinguished from one another and are inseparable. In the entire periodic table , 118 elements have been know till the present.

Every electron in an atom has its position in the orbital system described by a set of four quantum numbers. The electron configuration uses this set of quantum numbers, to describe the distribution of an electrons present in a certain atom. For a neutral (uncharged) atom in the ground (non-excited) state, its configuration can be readily predicted from the row (period) and column (group) position of its element in the periodic table.

Bohrium is a element of group 7, period 7 and part of 'd' block.

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781 g of hydrochloric acid in grams can be neutralized by 3.5 g of sodium bicarbonate.

To find out how much hydrochloric acid in grams can be neutralized by 3.5 g of sodium bicarbonate, we need to know the number of moles of HCl present, then multiply that by the molar mass of NaHCO3.

First, we calculate the number of moles of HCl present by solving for x:

x = Moles x 0.1 mol/L

= (Moles)(0.1 mol/L)(1000 mL)

= 100 mmol

Next, we multiply this number by the molar mass of NaHCO3:

=(84.007 g/mol)x(78.129 g/mol)

= 7.8129 x 100 mmol

= 781 g

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HI !!

Answer:

The empirical formula is CH2O

Explanation:

AWARD AS BRAINLIEST

Californium -249 is the isotope, when bombarded with oxygen-18, yields the artificial isotope seaborgium-263 plus 4 neutrons.

Californium is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first synthesized by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions).

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Answer:

31.2 moles of O2

Explanation:

You have to do stoichiometry to convert moles of NaClO4 to moles of O2.

You have 15.6 moles of NaClO4, you need these to cancel out so you use your coefficient from the equation. Since you are trying to find moles of O2 you put your coefficient of oxygen in the numerator. Multiply across the top & divide by the bottom to get 31.2 moles of O2.

[tex]\frac{15.6 mol NaClO4}{1} * \frac{4 mol O2}{2 mol NaClO4}[/tex]

A solid with a covalent network is silicon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a covalent molecule, whereas magnesium oxide is an ionic substance.

It is a covalent molecule, carbon dioxide. Although the complex has polar C-O bonds, it is often nonpolar, therefore the molecules are only held together by modest dispersion forces.

Ionic solids include the substance magnesium oxide. It has a crystal lattice made up of magnesium ions and oxygen ions. The chemical is almost insoluble in water because of the significant lattice energy and small ion sizes.

Chains of silicon-oxygen bonds make up the covalent network solid known as silicon dioxide. The network solid has a high melting point and creates a very stiff structure.

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The percentage yield of the given reaction was supposed to be

the formula for the calculation of the percentage yield was =actual yield/theoretical yield X 100

What is percentage yield ?

The percent yield equation is as follows:

(actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100% Equals percent yield

Where: actual yield is the quantity of product received from a chemical reaction theoretical yield is the amount of output obtained from the stoichiometric or balanced equation, utilizing the limiting reactant to calculate product (moles or grams).

The quantity of products generated from a chemical reaction is referred to as the real yield. The theoretical yield is the quantity of product calculated from the stoichiometric or balanced equation utilising the limiting reactant to determine product.

=(0.988/1.61) X 100

=61.36%

the percentage yield of the reaction was found to be 61.36%

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The percent yield would be 40% if 2.50g of the organic fuel was reacted with 2.50g of oxygen and 1.00g of water was produced.

How is the percent yield of an organic molecule determined?

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Microstructure of only alpha will represent an alloy that is below the solubility limit for component b in the alpha phase.

The alpha and beta phases are phases that represent a solid solution of elements A and B. The alpha phase will have a crystal structure like pure A and will contain some B substituting in the crystal lattice. Likewise,  beta phases will have an element B crystal structure with A substituting for some B atoms.

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Answer:

One mitigating strategy for planning and zoning is to protect people and the environment from the nuisance impacts of facilities like landfills, sewage treatment plants and factories through land use planning tools. I learned that people need to Reduce greenhouse gas emissions through their food choices to mitigate the effects of using Renewable energy.

Yes, the reaction between aqueous solutions of potassium nitrate and copper(ii) sulfate happens when they are combined giving products by a reaction called double displacement reaction.

What is double displacement reaction?

Double displacement reaction is also called as double displacement exchange. This happens when some parts of 2 ionic compounds which are reacting are exchanged between them, making 2 new compounds. The positive and negative ions swap their places between the reactants in this reaction.

The reaction between aqueous solutions of potassium nitrate and copper(ii) sulfate give 2 products that is copper nitrate and potassium sulfate. This reaction is known as double displacement reaction.

Balanced chemical equation:

2KNO3 + CuSO4 ----> Cu(NO3)2 + K2SO4

Therefore, the reaction between aqueous solutions of potassium nitrate and copper(ii) sulfate is possible and it gives products like copper nitrate and potassium sulfate making it a double displacement reaction.

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the amount of hydrogen required was about 0.582kg

why do we require STP?

STP: Standard temperature pressure

Consider a scenario in which a chemist in London is conducting an experiment in a lab. 12 °C and 1.015 bar are the average room temperatures and pressures in London. In Austin, where the average room temperature and pressure are 21 °C and 1.014 bar, respectively, the same experiment could yield very different results. This is due to the fact that temperature and pressure have an impact on a lot of scientific experiments, particularly chemistry experiments. We have therefore adopted some standard operating procedures to prevent these deviations and to ensure that laboratory experiments are conducted in a consistent manner worldwide. STP is one of those norms.

Vm=RT/P

=8.314x273.15/39000

=0.0582

so the balloon requires about 0.0582kg of hydrogen gas

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Answer:

The liquid radiation targets cancerous cells while causing minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells.

The molar mass of a substance can be calculated from its density alone if that substance is a gas at STP.

The molar mass of a substance is the mass of one mole of that substance.

One mole of a substance is the amount of that substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are in 12 g of carbon-12.

The number of particles in 12 g of carbon-12 is the Avogadro number = 6.03 * 10²³ particles.

One mole of all gases occupies the same volume at STP.

Also, the molar mass of a gas is related to the vapor density of that gas by the formula below;

Hence, the molar mass of a gas can be determined from the density of the gas by multiplying the vapor density of the gas. by 2.

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The other ions are S[tex]O^{2-}_{4} }[/tex] and C[tex]O^{2-} _{3}[/tex].

Precipitation reaction:

A chemical reaction occurs in an aqueous solution where two ionic bonds combine, resulting in the formation of an insoluble salt. These insoluble salts formed in precipitation reactions are called precipitates.

The solubility rules to determine the solubility of the compound are as follows:

1. The common compounds of group 1A are soluble.

2. All the common compounds of ammonium ion and all acetates, chlorides, nitrates, bromides, iodides, and perchlorates are soluble in nature. Only the chlorides, bromides, and iodides of [tex]Ag^{+}[/tex] ,[tex]Pb^{2+}[/tex] ,[tex]Cu^{+}[/tex]  and [tex]Hg^{2+} _{2}[/tex]  are not soluble.

3. All common fluorides, except for group 2A fluorides, are soluble. Moreover, sulfates except CaSO4 ,SrSO4 ,BaSO4 ,Ag2SO4  and PbSO4 are soluble.

4. All common metal hydroxides except CaSO4,Sr(OH)2 ,Ba(OH)2  and hydroxides of group 1A and that of transition metals are insoluble in nature.

5. All carbonates and phosphates, except those formed by group 1A and ammonium ion, are insoluble.

6. All sulfides, except those formed by groups 1A, 2A, and ammonium ion are insoluble.

7. Salts that contain [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ,[tex]Br^{-}[/tex]  or[tex]I^{-}[/tex]  are usually soluble except for the halide salts of [tex]Ag^{+}[/tex],[tex]Pb^{2+}[/tex]  and ([tex]Hg^{2+} _{2}[/tex]).

8. The chlorides, bromides, and iodides of all the metals are soluble in water, except for silver, lead, and mercury (II). Mercury (II) iodide is water-insoluble. Lead halides are soluble in hot water.

9. The perchlorates of group 1A and group 2A are soluble in nature.

10. All sulfates of metals are soluble, except for lead, mercury (I), barium, and calcium sulfates.

The reaction of Ca2+ and [tex]SO^{2-} _{4}[/tex] is as follows:

[tex]Ca^{+}[/tex](aq)  +  [tex]CO^{2-} _{3}[/tex](aq) --------> CaCO3(s)

Therefore there are [tex]SO^{2-} _{4}[/tex] and [tex]CO^{2-} _{3}[/tex] that can form a precipitation.

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The empirical formula of a compound containing c, h, and o is C₂H₆O₁.

In chemistry, the empirical formula represents the simple whole-number ratio of the atoms which are present in the compound. The initial step is to calculate and determine the masses. The next step which follows is to calculate the number of moles by dividing the grams by the atomic mass. Next, the number of moles is divided by each element by the smallest number of moles. Finally, we convert numbers to whole numbers since we don't represent empirical formulas in decimals.

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Answer:

About 94

Explanation:

(1× 5.67×10²⁵)/6.03×10²³

94.03 moles of Carbon

About 94

The value calculated by using excess if NaOH by overshooting endpoint  during titration will be not correct.

The value of concentration is supposed to change when excess of NaOH is used. it will be little too high than the correct value. Thus, titration require precise values. Overshooting the endpoint will result in a calculation error for the solution that is being titrated. The calculation for the titrated solution will be off if the moles of titrant are incorrect because the volume of titrant is incorrect because it is higher than it should be.

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Average rate of formation of products  = 1/n (Change in concentration /Time rate) = -Average rate of consumption of reactants.

What is Chemical reaction ?

There are chemical reactions taking place all around us. Nothing could be further from the reality, despite the fact that we occasionally link chemical processes with the sterile surroundings of the test tube and the lab. A staggering, nearly incomprehensible variety of new substances and energy changes actually result from the enormous number of alterations that occur in our environment every second of every day.

Chemical reactions happen whether or not you want them to in nature, where they can be considerably less controlled than in a lab. They can also be more messier. Whether it be a forest fire that is blazing.

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There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Therefore, ionic compounds with transition metals and  ionic compounds without transition metals are named in the same way.

Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.

Ionic compounds with transition metals are named with the same method as compounds without transition metals, except the charge of the metal ion is specified by a Roman numeral in parentheses after the name of the metal.

Therefore, ionic compounds with transition metals and ionic compounds without transition metals are named in the same way.

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If a gas had an initial temperature od 20.65 C and a final temperature of 41.77 C, its initial volume would be 7.979.

The volume of any solid in three dimensions is equal to the area it occupy. These solids include shapes like a cube, cuboid, conical, cylinder, and sphere. The form affects how much volume there is.

The space occupied by the gaseous particles under typical pressure and temperature circumstances is referred to as the volume of gas. It has the symbol "V." The symbol for volume in the SI is "liters," or "L". When the gas is at normal temperature, a mole has a volume of 24 m3, or 24 000 cm3. The molar volume of a gas is this quantity.

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Answer:

4H₂O₂ + PbS = PbSO₄ + 4H₂O