Removing of products, increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure all of these will alter the equilibrium concentration. The correct option to this question is D.
The Le Chatelier principle is as follows: A movement in the equilibrium's location counteracts the effect of a change in one of the variables that characterize a system at equilibrium.
Equilibrium-affecting variables and the Le Chatelier principle
Alterations in concentration
Alterations in pressure.
Temperatures fluctuate.
The system's balance is thrown off when one of these elements changes, and it then readjusts itself until it achieves equilibrium again. The sections that follow discuss some of the most significant factors that affect equilibria.
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Complete question:
Which of the following changes in reaction conditions will alter the composition of an equilibrium mixture of gases for a reaction having unequal moles of gaseous products and gaseous reactants?
A) removing of products
B) increasing the temperature
C) decreasing the pressure
D) All of these will alter the equilibrium concentrations.
Indicate the concentration of each ion or molecule present in the following solution.
A mixture of 45.0mL of 0.272M NaCl and 65.0mL of 0.0247M (NH4)2CO3. Assume that the volumes are additive. Express your answer numerically using three significant figures. If there is more than one answer, separate them by a comma.
The concentration of Na+ ion = number of moles/ volume = 45*0.272/110 = 0.111 M
The concentration of Cl- ion = 45*0.272/110 = 0.111 M
The concentration of NH4+ ion = 2*65*0.0247/110= 0.0292M
The concentration of CO32- ion = 65*0.0247/110= 0.0146 M
An ion is an atom or a group of atoms wherein the number of electrons isn't like the number of protons. If the wide variety of electrons is less than the wide variety of protons the practical is a positive ion, also referred to as a cation.
By means of definition, an ion is an electrically charged particle produced through either casting off electrons from a neutral atom to provide a high quality ion or including electrons to a impartial atom to offer a negative ion. Whilst an ion is formed, the wide variety of protons does not change.
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The concentration Na+ , Cl-,NH4+,CO32- are respectively 0.111M, 0.111M, 0.029M, 0.0146M
The concentration of Na+ ion = number of moles/ volume = 45*0.272/110 = 0.111 M
The concentration of Cl- ion = 45*0.272/110 = 0.111 M
The concentration of NH4+ ion = 2*65*0.0247/110= 0.0292M
The concentration of CO32- ion = 65*0.0247/110= 0.0146 M
Concentration:
Concentration is the component's abundance divided by the total volume of the mixture. There are several types of mathematical descriptions, such as mass concentration, molarity, number concentration, and volume concentration.
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Some nuclear power plants use plutonium-239 which is produced in breeder reactors. The rate-determining step is the second B-emission. How long does it take to make 1.00 kg of 299Pu if the reaction is complete when the product is 90% 39Pu ?
0.357 days is required for the completion of 90% of 1kg 239Pu at the rate-determining step for the reaction of the second B-emission.
What is the rate-determining step?In chemical kinetics, the slowest step, sometimes referred to as the rate-determining step, or rate-limiting step frequently determines the overall pace of a process. This approximation of the rate-determining step is frequently used to simplify the prediction of the relevant rate equation for a given reaction mechanism (for comparison with the experimental rate law).
The collection of simultaneous rate equations for the various phases of the mechanism can theoretically be used to estimate the temporal evolution of the reactant and product concentrations. However, it is not always simple to solve these differential equations analytically; in some circumstances, numerical integration may even be necessary. The single rate-determining step hypothesis can be very beneficially simplified.
Calculation:We know that,
Half-life of 239Pu is 2.35 days
Then,
K=㏑[tex]\frac{2}{t1/2}[/tex];
⇒K=[tex]\frac{ln2}{2.35days}[/tex];
⇒K=0.294956day∧-1;
Given
N0=1kg;
Nf=0.90kg;
K=[tex]\frac{1}{t}[/tex]×㏑[tex]\frac{N0}{Nf}[/tex];
⇒t=[tex]\frac{1}{K}[/tex]×㏑[tex]\frac{N0}{Nf}[/tex];
⇒t=[tex]\frac{1}{0.294956day^-1}[/tex]×㏑[tex]\frac{1.00}{0.900}[/tex];
⇒t=0.357days
0.357 days is required for the completion of 90% of 1kg 239Pu at the rate-determining step for the reaction of the second B-emission.
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be able to use results of chemical reactions to idetnify unknown anionas, cations, or ionic compounds
Sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of 2M and ammonium hydroxides are used to identify cations (ammonia solution). Silver nitrate or lead nitrate solutions are used to test for anions such as halides.
What is an example of a cation?An ion with one or more lost electrons and a huge gain charge is referred to as a cation. The cation of an element is smaller than that of the neutral atom due to the removal of one or more electrons to produce a cation. The following are some examples of cations: Calcium: Ca
A cation and an anion are what?Ions with a positive charge are called cations. Ions with a negative charge are called anions. Ionic molecules or atoms are charged. A balanced atom will become a positive charges cationic if it loses one or even more electrons. An anion, which is negatively charged, forms when a balanced element gains one or more electrons.
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The correct question is :
How can you identify cations and anions in an unknown solution?
do the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products depend on their initial concentrations?
Yes, it is a true statement that the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products will be dependent on the initial concentrations of the reactants.
What is equilibrium?We know that the term equilibrium has to do with the point wen the forward and the reverse reaction begin to occur at the same rate. When the system is at equilibrium, the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction.
We know that we can be able to obtain the concentration at equilibrium from the concentration of the species initially and thus it is safe to say that the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products depend on their initial concentrations.
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the oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms within a water molecule are held together by____bonds.
Answer: Covalent Single Bonds
Explanation:
Because water is comprised of hydrogen and oxygen these elements share their electrons with each other. That means the bond is called covalent, because they are comprised of shared valence electrons. The bonds are also single, but that is less important.
Which is a homogeneous mixture ?; What is example of homogeneous mixture?; What are 4 examples of homogeneous mixture?; What is the homogeneous answer?
Answer:
24
Explanation:
i just want points
Answer:
homogeneous mixture is
which of the following is used to convert back and forth from moles to grams? group of answer choices. Atomic NumberAvogadro's NumberMolar MassMass Number
Answer: Molar mass
Explanation:
Mass to mole: divide by molar mass
Mole to mass: Multiply by molar mass
Mole to particles/atoms/molecules: Multiply by Avogadro's Number
Particles/atoms/molecules to Mole: Divide by Avogadro's Number
The interaction of the side chains on the amino acids, for example hydrophobic attractions, is the ________ structure of a protein.
Polar amino acids are capable of forming hydrogen bonds, and charged amino acid side chains are able to form ionic bonds. Weak van der Waals interactions are used to connect hydrophobic side chains to one another. The majority of the bonds that these side chains create are non-covalent.
The interactions between hydrophobes and water are referred to as hydrophobic interactions. Nonpolar molecules known as hydrophobes typically have a long chain of carbons and do not interact with water molecules. A good illustration of this particular interaction is when fat and water are combined.
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Do oxygen and magnesium form an ionic compound?
Mg with oxygen (O2) form magnesium oxide as another example of an ionic connection (MgO).
What kind of link do oxygen and magnesium form?Ionic bonds, which are created inside the MgO molecule by the exchange of electrons, are the sort of bonds that are produced between the Mg and O atoms.A magnesium atom has 12 electrons.
Why do oxygen and magnesium have an ionic bond?The attraction between ions with opposing charges is known as an ionic bond.Ionic connections are powerful, and it takes a lot of energy to break them.For instance, the magnesium atom sheds two electrons to produce the Mg2+ cation, that has an electrical configuration, when magnesium combines with oxygen to create magnesium oxide.
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What do noble gases electron configuration have in common?; What do the elements neon helium argon and xenon have in common?; What is the electronic configuration of helium, neon and argon?; What do the electron configurations of neon argon krypton xenon and radon have in common?
Noble gases have full outer shells valence electrons. Helium, argon and xenon have p orbitals. Neon, argon, krypton and xenon are all noble gases and thus have a full outer shell.
Noble gases are the elements that belong respectively to group 18 . since they are the very last group on the periodic table, they have full outer shells of valence electrons. Helium, neon, and argon are all noble gases located in the last group that is 18th group of the periodic table. All noble gases have p orbitals. Electronic configuration for Neon is [He] 2s2 2p6. The configuration for Helium [He] is 1s2. and of argon, there are 8 valence electrons in this element and hence, has fully filled electronic configuration and is a stable element. This means that their outermost s and p orbitals are completely filled.
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What happens to molecules when they slow down?; What happens if you slow down the particles in a liquid?; When the motion of water vapor molecules slows what most likely happens?; What happens if water molecules are speeded up?
The attraction between the molecules of a liquid causes them to organize themselves, and this happens when a liquid freezes. As the speed of water molecules rises, increasing their kinetic energy.
The kinetic energy of the liquid decreases as it cools, which causes the molecules to travel more slowly. By slowing the flow and allowing the soil profile to function as a filter, as it always has, it improves the water quality and reduces the amount of toxic algae in our water supplies. Condensation occurs when molecules in a gas cool down. Ice is created when the water's molecules stick together at around 0°C and form a solid. The molecules slow down and lose energy as they lose heat. They advance toward additional gas molecules. In the end, these molecules come together to create a liquid. The temperature of a material is determined by how quickly its atoms and molecules are moving.
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What is the ionic compound formula of sodium phosphate?
Na3PO4 With the chemical formula Na3PO4 and a molecular weight of 163.94 g/mol, sodium phosphate is a phosphate salt.
Sodium phosphate is an ionic substance for what reason?Ionic compound Na3PO4 (N a 3 P O 4) exists. This is due to the fact that it contains both sodium and phosphate ions, the former of which are cations and the latter of which are anions. The chemical is molecular because sodium is a metal while phosphorous and oxygen, which together make up phosphate, are both nonmetals.
Which ions make up Na3PO4?Sodium phosphate is the name of the ionic substance. Sodium and phosphate ions make up the two ions in the solution. The symbols for these two ions are Na+ and PO34 N a + a n d P O 4 3.
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the halogens, X2 Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include nonbonding electrons. Use X to indicate a halogen atom.
In a lewis structure of a molecule, we place the valance electrons of the bonded atoms around them. Then the shared pair or bond pair electrons between the bonded atoms are joined and represented as a line.
whereas the nonbonding electrons called lone pairs are kept as a pair of dots around them. Now we know the valance electrons of any halogen is 7. So each halogen needs only 1 more electron to complete its octet. Hence on X2, each X-atom will share one of the electrons to form a single bond as in the image.
Halogens exist as simple molecules. Each molecule contains two halogen atoms joined by a single covalent bond. The table shows the color and physical state of chlorine, bromine, and iodine at room temperature. The word halogen means a salt-forming compound. All halogens have 7 electrons in their valence shell.
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When diluting a solution, which of the following changes?
Select all that apply:
- solution volume
- solution concentration
- moles of solute
- liters of solvent
All of the above changes when diluting a solution. When a solution is diluted, the volume of the solution increases and the concentration decreases. This means that the moles of solute remain the same, but the liters of solvent are increased.
The Effects of Diluting a SolutionDiluting a solution is the process of adding more solvent to a solution to reduce the concentration of the solute. This process is often used to create a solution with a desired concentration, or to decrease the risk of toxicity when handling certain chemicals. There are several factors that are affected when diluting a solution, including the solution volume, solution concentration, moles of solute, and liters of solvent.
When diluting a solution, the volume of the solution increases. This is because more solvent is added to the solution to reduce the concentration of the solute. As the volume of the solution increases, the concentration of the solution decreases. This decrease in concentration occurs because the moles of solute remain the same, but the liters of solvent are increased. This means that the ratio of solute to solvent is decreased, resulting in a lower concentration of the solute.
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Which of the following represents alpha decay?
OA. 100Eu+ge 16Sm
150
→>>
OB. 100Gd
OC. Tc-TC+y
OD. 14Gd-14Sm+ He
→>>>
100Tb + e
65
100Eu+e 16S---Sm150 represents alpha decay because minimum penetration power and highest ionization power.
What does an alpha decay look like?
A positively charged particle similar to the helium-4 nucleus is spontaneously released during alpha decay. Two protons and two neutrons make up this particle, also referred to as an alpha particle. Sir Ernest Rutherford made the discovery and gave it a name in 1899.
What substances exhibit alpha decay?The nuclei of heavy elements like radium, uranium, thorium, etc. undergo alpha decay. When a radium (Ra) nucleus decays, it releases an alpha particle and transforms into a radon (Rn) nucleus.
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russia has a variety of natural resources, including oil, natural gas, timber, iron ore, copper, and lead.
The compound sentence is Russia has a variety of natural resources such as oil, natural gas, timber, iron ore, copper and lead as well.
A compound sentence is a sentence that is formed from two more simple sentence by using the connective words.
For an example if sentence 1 is "It is raining" and sentence 2 is "It is cold" then the compound sentence of both the above sentences will be "It is raining and it is cold".
Now, Russia has a variety of natural resources, including oil, natural gas, Timber, iron ore, copper and lead.
This statement is a simple sentence.
This statement can be return as a compound sentence as follows,
Russia has a variety of natural resources such as oil natural gas and lead as well.
Here, we have used the word "such as" as a connective.
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Complete Question - Russia has a variety of natural resources including oil, natural gas, timber, iron ore, copper and lead (change into compound sentence)
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond. . .
Covalent bonds include atoms exchanging electrons, whereas ionic bonds involve atoms losing or gaining electrons. The majority of atoms require eight electrons in their outer energy level to become stable.
What distinguishes an ionic link from a covalent bond?An atom can participate in covalent and ionic bonds, which are the two main types of bonds. By sharing electrons, two or more atoms can form covalent bonds.
An ionic compound and a covalent compound can be distinguished by how they behave?When a metal reacts with a nonmetal, ionic compounds are typically created (or a polyatomic ion). When two nonmetals interact, covalent compounds are created. Due to the fact that hydrogen is a nonmetal, binary compounds containing hydrogen are typically covalent compounds as well.
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in both the structures shown, replacement of ha and hb, in turn, with an atom z will produce two different compounds that are diastereomers of each other. ha and hb are therefore diastereo -topic and will give nmr signals.
In both the structures shown, replacement of ha and hb, in turn, with an atom z will produce two different compounds that are diastereomers of each other. ha and hb are therefore diastereomer -topic and will give different or distinct nmr signals.
Stereoisomers that are not enantiomers or related as object and mirror images are known as stereoisomers. Diastereomers are not mirror images of one another and cannot be superimposed, in contrast to enantiomers which are. Diastereomers can differ in their reactivity and physical characteristics. They differ in their melting points, boiling points, and densities. There are at least two stereocenters there.
It is simple to mix up diasteromers with enantiomers. Three-bromo-2-butanol, for instance, has four steroisomers. SS, RR, SR, and RS are the four potential combinations (Figure 1). One of the molecules is both the diasteromer and the enantiomer of each of the other two molecules (SS is enantiomer of RR and diasteromer of RS and SR). SS's mirror.
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where nonmetallic wiring methods are subject to exposure to chemical solvents or vapors, they shall be inherently resistant to chemicals based upon their being for the specific chemical reagent.
Nonmetallic wiring techniques must be inherently resistant to chemicals based on their identification for the particular chemical reagent when they are exposed to chemical solvents or vapours.
Non-metals are minerals (non-metallic minerals) that are typically not used as a source of raw materials for the extraction of metal. The non-metal group, which is present in a wide range of minerals, is crucial economically. In actuality, aqueous solutions are ones whose solvent is water. According to their chemical makeup, organic solvents can be categorised into three groups: hydrocarbons, oxygen, and halogens. In the sections that follow, we'll discuss the many categories of organic solvents and give some instances of each.
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Under which of the following conditions of temperature and pressure will H2 gas be expected to behave most like an ideal gas? (1 Point) 50 K and 0.10 atm 50 K and 5.0 atm 500 K and 0.10 atm 500 K and 50 atm
Answer: 500K and 0.10atm
Explanation:
An important concept to remember is that gases behave most ideally under low pressure and high temperature. 500 K is a high temperature and 0.10 atm is a low pressure, which makes that the best answer.
2,4-dinitrophenol uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by decreasing the membrane potential. The process involves inhibiting electron flow from complex to ubiquinone shuttling the protons across the mitochondrial membrane preventing the electron transfer from Fe-S center to ubiquinone inhibiting cytochrome oxidase
DNP is integrated into mitochondrial membranes, electron transport is gradually inhibited. Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an uncoupler, which means it may separate the pumping of H+ ions for ATP production from the flow of electrons.
Without affecting the respiratory chain or ATP synthase (H(+)-ATPase), uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria prevent the coupling between the electron transport and phosphorylation reactions. This inhibits ATP synthesis.
DNP is known to have mixed activities, which means that in addition to uncoupling, it also has other effects. This implies that ATP production is not possible using the energy from electron transport.
It is a precursor to other chemicals and is biochemically active, allowing protons to go from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix to decouple oxidative phosphorylation from the electron transport chain in cells with mitochondria.
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Predict the product(s) obtained when each of the following compounds is treated with chloromethane and aluminum trichloride. Some of the compounds might be unreactive. For those that are reactive, assume that conditions are controlled to favor monoalkylation.
The reaction of benzene with an alkyl chloride and aluminum trichloride is called a Friedel-Crafts alkylation.
What is chloromethane and aluminum trichloride?The aluminum trichloride is a Lewis acid that reacts with the alkyl chloride, and this converts the alkyl group into a very good electrophile. The overall reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution. A pi bond of the benzene ring will attack the electrophile as a nucleophile and form a new carbon-carbon bond. The result is a monosubstituted isopropyl group on the benzene ring.However, we are told that the conditions are set up to encourage dialkylation. The isopropyl group is a group that donates electron density through induction.To learn more about chloromethane refer to:
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What volume of 0.35 M Ca(NO3)2 is
required to completely react with 50.0 mL
of 0.75 M K2SO4?
Ca(NO3)2 + K₂SO4 → CaSO4 + 2KNO3
[?] mL Ca(NO3)2
Answer: 107 mL
Explanation:
This equation can be modeled as MV=MV. Where M is molarity and V is volume.
The ratio between the two values is 1 mol to 1 mol so we do not have to deal will manipulating mol amounts and can just plug in values.
(0.35)V=(0.75)(50)
V=107 mL
Answer: 107 ml
Explanation:
Calculate the number of Cl atoms that are in 1.1 x 10^-21 moles of Cl atoms.
According to Avogadro's number there are 62.53 atoms of chlorine in 1.1x 10[tex]^-21[/tex] moles of Cl atoms.
What is Avogadro's number?Avogadro's number is defined as a proportionality factor which relates number of constituent particles with the amount of substance which is present in the sample.
According to the definitions, Avogadro's number depend on determined value of mass of one atom of those elements.It bridges the gap between macroscopic and microscopic world by relating amount of substance with number of particles.
Number of atoms can be calculated using Avogadro's number as follows: mass/molar mass×Avogadro's number or number of moles×Avogadro's number.
ON substitution in above formula number of atoms=1.1×10²¹×6.023×10²³=62.53 atoms
Thus, there are 62.53 chlorine atoms in 1.1x 10[tex]^-21[/tex] moles of Cl atoms.
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Give the bond order (enter a number) for the carbon - oxygen bond:in the CH3OH (methanol) molecule -----------in the CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) molecule ----------in the CO (carbon monoxide) molecule---------
Bond order between C—O molecules of CH3OH (methanol), CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) and CO (carbon monoxide) is 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
Bond order between molecules depends on the type of bond between molecules. It means Bond order will be one if there is a single bond between molecules and 2 for double bond and 3 for Triple bond.
-In the case of methanol (CH3OH), there is a single bond between C and O.So,Bond Order is 1 in case of methanol.
-In Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) there is a double bond between C and O.So, Bond order of Acetaldehyde is 2
-For carbon monoxide(CO), there is a triple bond between C and O. That's why the bond order of CO will be 3.
Bond strength means how strong a bond is, and it is directly proportional to the Bond Order.Shorter the bond, the stronger it is.
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how many electrons are involved in the oxidation-reduction reaction of zinc metal with hydrochloric acid. show the number of electrons lost or gained by each element.
The electrons are involved in the oxidation-reduction reaction of zinc metal with hydrochloric acidThere are two electron Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)→ZnCl2(aq)+H2(g).
Calculation:
The net reaction is
Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)→ZnCl2(aq)+H2(g).
The Cl⁻ ions are spectators - they do not change.
This experiment includes the reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid. The test compares the reactivity of 3 metals magnesium zinc and copper. The video consists of a dialogue of writing balanced equations for all of the discovered reactions.
Hydrochloric acid, also known as hydrochloric acid, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride. it's far a drab solution with a function smelly odor. it's miles categorised as a sturdy acid. It is a component of gastric acid inside the digestive gadget of maximum animal species, which includes human beings. when hydrochloric acid comes into contact with pores and skin and other tissues it is able to reason excessive burns.
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a chemist is studying the reaction between the gaseous chemical species x and y2, represented by the equation above. initial rates of reaction are measured at various concentrations of reactants. the results are recorded in the following table.
The experimental rate law of the equation is given as Rate = k[X][Y²].
The rate law which is also known as the rate equation for a chemical reaction is defined as an expression that provides a relationship between the rate of the reaction and the concentrations of the reactants participating in it.
More precisely we can say that rate law is defined as the expression in which reaction rate is given in terms of molar concentration of reactants with each term raised to some power, which may or may not be same as the stoichiometric coefficient of the reacting species in a balanced chemical equation.
Hence, from the above table we can see the reaction is given as,
2X +2Y → 2XY
So, the rate law is given as Rate = k[X][Y²].
The given question is incomplete and the complete question is given below:
2X+Y2→X2Y2
A chemist is studying the reaction between the gaseous chemical species X and Y2 , represented by the equation above. Initial rates of reaction are measured at various concentrations of reactants. The results are recorded in the following table
Given the information in the table above, which of the following is the experimental rate law?
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How many grams are there in 3.4 mols of NH3?
Answer: 57.8g
Explanation:
We can find molar mass by adding up the masses of each component, nitrogen is 14 and hydrogen is 1, this gives us 17g/mol.
Multiplying molar mass by number of moles will give us the grams in that many moles, 3.4x17=57.8g.
construct the lewis structure of no2no2 . draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. include all lone pairs of electrons and nonbonding electrons.
Although NO2 is a bent molecule, when you take an electron out of it to get NO2+, the molecule becomes linear as a result of the loss of a lone electron.
What is the number of electrons in the Lewis structure of NO2 ?The Lewis structure of NO2 has 18 valence electrons in total. In the NO2-Lewis structure, nitrogen is the least electronegative atom, hence it is placed in the middle of the structure.
Why do no2's 18 valence electrons exist?In the nitrite ion, we have 5 valence electrons for nitrogen, 6 for oxygen, but since there are 2 oxygen atoms, we will double that number by 2, plus 1 for this valence electron up top, giving us a total of 18 valence electrons for the Lewis structure of the nitrite ion.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. a___is an experimental set-up that can be used to measure the heat of a chemical reaction or a physical change and determine the specific heat capacity of a substance.
Calorimeter is an experimental set-up that is used to measure the heat of a chemical reaction or physical change and determine the specific heat capacity of a substance.
What is calorimeter?Calorimeters are used to measure volume and heat produced during a certain time interval. The flow is passed through a tank partly filled with water whose thermal capacity and weight are known before the experiment.
A calorimeter is an object used for calorimetry and is the process of measuring heat of chemical reactions and heat capacity. Some common types of calorimeter are: differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters and titration calorimeters.
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