Answer:
B
Explanation:
Mark aubm submit a receipt of his fare for rembursements which includes an extra $10
Here is why: Billing schemes occur when an employee causes their employer to pay fictitious invoices, by creating fake invoices that never existed, inflating prices, duplicating invoices, or by purchasing personal items and submitting the invoice to their employer for reimbursement
The correct option is (A).
The example which is NOT a billing scheme is the following one: Mary purchases a new laptop for her brother-in-law with company’s funds.
What is a billing scheme?
A billing scheme is a type of fraud in which a staff member intentionally creates fake invoices, overcharges, or submits a fake invoice with a vendor. It is a dishonest act that costs an organization a lot of money.
What are the types of billing schemes?
The three major types of billing schemes are as follows:
Skimming: Money is stolen before it is accounted for, and this is frequently accomplished by intercepting and pocketing incoming cash or checks before they are recorded as received by a business or organisation. The second technique of skimming involves the diversion of customer payments from an employee's payment to the employee himself.
Lapping: In lapping, an employee steals incoming customer payments but doesn't keep the money. Instead, they conceal the theft by putting payments from other customers toward the account with the outstanding payment.
Billing: In this type of scheme, an employee produces false invoices or overcharges the company by inflating the amount owed for actual goods or services received. Here, out of the given examples, Mary purchasing a new laptop for her brother-in-law with company's funds is NOT a billing scheme.
Thus, the correct option is (A).
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Pablo Inc. owns 75% of Sammy Corp. and uses the Equity Method to account for its investment. Sammy purchased $120,000 face value of Pablo's 12% par value bonds on January 1, 2021, for $100,000, when Pablo's bond liability consisted of $240,000 par of 12% bonds maturing on January 1, 2031. There was an unamortized bond discount of $20,000 attached to the bonds on that date. Interest payment dates are June 30 and December 31 each year. Straight line amortization is used. Both companies have a December 31 year end. Intercompany bond gains and losses are to be allocated to each company. During 2021, Sammy earned a net income of $80,000 and paid dividends of $20,000. What was the pre-tax gain or loss to Sammy Inc. on the intercompany purchase of the bonds?
a. $20,000 loss
b. $40,000 loss
c. $20,000 gain
d. Nil
Equity method, this is an accounting standard that is used by the investors to account for the investments that they hold in other companies. Hence, option (c) $20,000 gain is the correct option.
It is used when an investor possesses significant influence over the investee. Hence, it is important to understand that an investor will not record the actual results of the investee in its financial statements. Instead, it will record only its share of the investee's profits or losses.
According to the given data, Sammy Corp. purchased $120,000 face value of Pablo's 12% par value bonds on January 1, 2021, for $100,000. Hence, the bond has been purchased at a discount of $20,000. Therefore, the effective value of the bond = $100,000 + $20,000 = $120,000.Therefore, the bond purchased is equal to the par value of the bond purchased.
Hence, Sammy Corp's balance sheet will show the $100,000 investment and Sammy's income statement will show 75% of Pablo's interest earned on the bond and the amortization of the bond discount as follows: Sammys income statement (75% of $10,800 interest earned) = $8,100Sammys balance sheet (75% of $1,200 discount amortization) = $900.
The net gain or loss in the intercompany Equity method will be calculated by comparing the income from the bond and the dividend received by Sammy Corp from Pablo Inc. Sammy earned 75% of Pablo's interest, which equals $8,100.
However, Pablo paid dividends of only $6,000 (75% of $8,000). Therefore, the pre-tax gain on the intercompany purchase of bonds by Sammy is $2,100 (8,100 - 6,000).
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A student sells fancy shirts on campus for $100 each while purchasing them for $20 each. She starts the day with $100 in cash. In the morning, she buys 5 shirts. By the end of the day, she has sold 3 units for cash. She also spent $20 in food (assume this as an operating expense). What is her profit for that day? a. $300 O b. $280 O c. $220 Od. $180 e. $100
$180.What is profit?Profit is the gain or positive value that remains after all costs and expenses have been deducted from revenue. To determine profit, revenue minus cost (including both fixed and variable costs) is used.Operating ExpenseOperating expenses refer to expenditures incurred by a company during normal business operations.
The following are some examples of operating expenses: rent, utilities, wages and salaries, insurance, property tax, and depreciation.Operating profit is calculated by deducting operating expenses from gross profit.Operating Profit= Gross Profit - Operating ExpenseCalculationIn the morning, the student buys five shirts for $20 each, totaling $100.At $100 each, she sells three shirts, earning a total of $300.
The amount spent on food is $20.Operating Expense is $20 + Cost of 5 shirts ($20/shirt × 5 shirts) = $120Gross Profit is $300 - $120 = $180ANSWER: d. $180LONG ANSWER:Profit is the gain or positive value that remains after all costs and expenses have been deducted from revenue. To determine profit, revenue minus cost (including both fixed and variable costs) is used.Operating expenses refer to expenditures incurred by a company during normal business operations. The following are some examples of operating expenses: rent, utilities, wages and salaries, insurance, property tax, and depreciation.Operating profit is calculated by deducting operating expenses from gross profit.
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There was a car accident involving Peter Hampton and Beyonce. Hampton sues Beyonce for negligence resulting from the car accident, and Beyonce countersues Hampton also for negligence. At the trial, it is determined that Hampton’s negligence was 60% responsible for the accident, and Beyonce’s negligence was 40% responsible for the accident. Hampton’s losses totaled $20,000, and Beyonce’s losses totaled $40,000. Under a pure comparative negligence system, how much will Hampton recover? How much will Beyonce recover? ___________________
Based on the share, it should be noted that Hampton will recover $8,000, and Beyonce will recover $24,000.
How to calculate the amountIn order to calculate the amount Hampton will recover, we need to determine his proportionate share of the losses. Since Hampton's losses totaled $20,000, his recovery will be reduced by his degree of negligence. Therefore, Hampton will recover 40% of his losses, which is $20,000 x 0.40 = $8,000.
Similarly, to calculate the amount Beyonce will recover, we need to determine her proportionate share of the losses. Since Beyonce's losses totaled $40,000, her recovery will also be reduced by her degree of negligence. Therefore, Beyonce will recover 60% of her losses, which is:
$40,000 x 0.60
= $24,000.
So, Hampton will recover $8,000, and Beyonce will recover $24,000.
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We wish to establish a research fund by making equal annual deposits, starting now and for 10 more years, so that $10 million per year will be available for research. If the first research grant is to be awarded 11 years from now, how much should we deposit every year if the fund will generate income at a rate of 15% per year?
To accumulate $10 million per year for research grants, taking into account the 15% annual income generated by the fund, we can use the concept of present value of an ordinary annuity.
The present value (PV) formula for an ordinary annuity is given by:
PV = A * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r
Where:
PV = Present value (amount to be deposited each year)
A = Annual amount to be received ($10 million)
r = Interest rate (15% or 0.15)
n = Number of years (10)
Plugging in the values, we can calculate the annual deposit:
PV = 10,000,000 * (1 - (1 + 0.15)^(-10)) / 0.15
PV ≈ 10,000,000 * (1 - 0.3219) / 0.15
PV ≈ 10,000,000 * 0.6781 / 0.15
PV ≈ 45,206,667 / 0.15
PV ≈ 301,377,778.67
approximately $301,377,778.67 should be deposited every year for the next 10 years, starting now, to accumulate $10 million per year for research grants, considering the 15% annual income generated by the fund.
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Segregated funds offer several features that other investment funds don’t offer. These
include the two features listed below. Explain what these features work, any restrictions
on them, and how they benefit the investor holding a segregated fund.
o Creditor protection
o Maturity Guarantee
Segregated funds offer two unique features that set them apart from other investment funds: creditor protection and a maturity guarantee. Creditor protection refers to the safeguarding of the investor's assets in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency.
There are certain restrictions on creditor protection with segregated funds. Typically, there is a specified time period known as the "creditor protection period" during which the protection applies. This period is usually between 10 to 15 years from the date of investment or until the investor reaches a certain age, depending on the terms of the fund. It's important to note that creditor protection does not provide absolute immunity from all creditors, as certain exceptions may apply, such as claims related to fraud.
The maturity guarantee is another advantageous feature of segregated funds. It guarantees that a certain percentage of the initial investment will be returned upon the fund's maturity, regardless of market performance. This means that even if the investment has experienced losses, the investor is guaranteed to receive a minimum level of return at maturity.
The maturity guarantee also comes with some restrictions. The guarantee period is typically a specified number of years, such as 10 or 15 years, depending on the fund. If the investor decides to redeem their investment before the maturity date, they may not receive the full maturity guarantee. Instead, they might receive the market value of the investment at that time, which can be higher or lower than the guaranteed amount.
These features benefit investors in several ways. Creditor protection provides an added layer of security, allowing investors to protect their assets from potential creditors. This is particularly beneficial for individuals who have a higher risk of facing financial difficulties or those seeking to safeguard their investments for future generations.
The maturity guarantee offers peace of mind to investors by ensuring a minimum level of return on their investment, even if the market performs poorly. This feature can be especially appealing for risk-averse individuals who prioritize capital preservation. It provides a degree of certainty and helps investors plan for long-term financial goals, knowing that they have a guaranteed minimum amount at maturity.
In summary, segregated funds offer unique benefits to investors through creditor protection and a maturity guarantee. These features provide asset protection, potential insulation from financial hardships, and a minimum guaranteed return, allowing investors to have greater confidence and security in their investment decisions.
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consideration set assessment the postpurchase stage information search most strongly influences consumer communications and repeat-purchase behavior.
Consideration set assessment in the post-purchase stage plays a significant role in influencing consumer communications and repeat-purchase behavior.
During this stage, consumers evaluate their purchase decision and assess whether it met their expectations and needs. Information search becomes crucial as consumers seek feedback and opinions from others who have purchased the same product or service. Positive experiences and satisfaction may lead to positive word-of-mouth communication, where consumers share their positive reviews and recommendations with others, thereby influencing their purchase decisions.
Additionally, the post-purchase information search also influences repeat-purchase behavior. If consumers are satisfied with their purchase and the overall experience, they are more likely to engage in repeat purchases. They may rely on their own experiences or seek information from sources they trust to validate their decision to repurchase the product. Positive reviews and recommendations from others can reinforce their decision and encourage them to continue buying the same product or brand in the future.
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When there are omitted variables in the regression, which are determinants of the dependent variable, then L (10)
you cannot measure the effect of the omitted variable, but the estimator of your included variable(s) is (are) unaffected.
this has no effect on the estimator of your included variable because the other variable is not included.
this will always bias the OLS estimator of the included variable. the OLS estimator is biased if the omitted variable is correlated with the included variable.
When there are omitted variables in a regression model that are determinants of the dependent variable, the effect of the omitted variable cannot be directly measured. However, the estimator of the included variable(s) is unaffected by the omission. The omission of a variable does not necessarily have an effect on the estimator of the included variable because the omitted variable is not included in the model. The bias in the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimator occurs when the omitted variable is correlated with the included variable, which can lead to biased estimates.
When conducting regression analysis, it is important to include all relevant variables that influence the dependent variable. Omitting variables that are determinants of the dependent variable can lead to biased estimates. In such cases, the effect of the omitted variable cannot be directly measured because it is not included in the model.
However, the estimator of the included variable(s) remains unaffected by the omission of variables. This means that the estimates for the included variable(s) are still reliable and unbiased, as long as the omitted variable is not correlated with the included variable.
On the other hand, if the omitted variable is correlated with the included variable, it can lead to biased estimates in the OLS regression. This bias occurs because the omitted variable influences the dependent variable and is not accounted for in the regression model. In such cases, the estimated relationship between the included variable and the dependent variable will be distorted.
Therefore, it is crucial to carefully consider and include all relevant variables in a regression model to avoid omitted variable bias and obtain accurate estimates of the relationships between variables.
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When 18,500 Orlando Magic Fans Come to Dinner With vast experience at venues such as the American Airlines Arena (in Miami), the Kentucky Derby, and Super Bowls, Chef John Nicely now also plans huge culinary events at Orlando's Amway Center, home of the Orlando Magic basketball team. With his unique talent and excep- tional operations skills, Nicely serves tens of thousands of cheering fans at some of the world's largest events. And when more than 18,500 basketball fans show up for a game, expecting great food and great basketball, he puts his creative as well as operations talent to work. Chef John must be prepared. This means determining not only a total demand for all 18,500 fans, but also translating that demand into specific menu items and beverages. He prepares a forecast from current ticket sales, history of similar events at other venues, and his own records, which reflect the demand with this particular opponent, night of week, time of year, and even time of day. He then breaks the demand for specific menu items and quantities into items to be available at each of the 22 conces- sion stands, 7 restaurants, and 68 suites. He must also be prepared to accommodate individual requests from players on both teams. Production Specifications INGREDIENTS Elbow macaroni (large, uncooked) Cheese-cheddar shredded Mac and cheese base (see recipe) Milk Cheetos, crushed Sliced green onion-garnish Whole Cheetos-garnish Total labor hours Video Case o Chef John frequently changes the menu to keep it interesting for the fans who attend many of the 41 regular season home games each season. Even the culinary preference of the opponent's fans who may be attending influences the menu. Additionally, when entertainment other than the Magic is using the Amway Center, the demographic mix is likely to be different, requiring additional tweaking of the menu. The size of the wait staff and the kitchen staff change to reflect the size of the crowd; Chef John may be super- vising as many as 90 people working in the kitchen. Similarly, the concessions stands, 40% of which have their own grills and fryers, present another challenge, as they are managed by volunteers from nonprofit organizations. The use of these volunteers adds the need for special training and extra enforcement of strict quality standards. Once deciding on the overall demand and the menu, Chef John must prepare the production specifications (a bill of material) for cach item. For the evening game with the Celtics, Chef John is pre- paring his unique Cheeto Crusted Mac & Cheese dish. The ingre- dients, quantity, costs, and labor requirements are shown below: TOTAL COST LABOR-HOURS $1.80 1.60 35.20 0.12 1.62 0.09 0.54 0.2 hours CHEETO CRUSTED MAC & CHEESE (6 PORTIONS) QUANTITY MEASURE UNIT COST 20.00 oz. $0.09 10.00 OZ. 0.16 44.00 OZ. 0.80 4.00 OZ. 0.03 6.00 OZ. 0.27 0.50 OZ. 0.18 2.00 oz. 0.27 The yield on this dish is 6 portions, and labor cost is $15 per hour, with fringes. The entire quantity required for the evening is prepared prior to the game and kept in warming ovens until needed. Demand for each basketball game is divided into 5 periods: prior to the game, first quarter, second quarter, half-time, and second half. At the Magic vs. Celtics game next week, the demand (number of portions) in each period is 60, 36, 48, 60, and 12 for the Cheeto Crusted Mac & Cheese dish, respectively. Discussion Questions* 1. Prepare a bill of material explosion and total cost for the 216 portions of Checto Crusted Mac & Cheese. 2. What is the cost per portion? How much less expensive is the Checto Crusted Mac & Cheese than Chef John's alternative creation, the Buffalo Chicken Mac & Cheese, shown in Figure 14.9 of this chapter? 3. Assuming that there is no beginning inventory of the Cheeto Crusted Mac & Cheese and cooking time for the entire 216 portions is 0.6 hours, when must preparation begin? *You may wish to view the video that accompanies this case before answering the questions.
Chef John Nicely is the senior chef who works for the Amway Center, which is home to the Orlando Magic basketball team. Chef John is experienced in handling large-scale culinary events at some of the world's largest events such as the Kentucky Derby, Super Bowls, and American Airlines Arena in Miami.
Chef John must prepare for more than 18,500 basketball fans who arrive for a game expecting great food and great basketball.Chef John must prepare a forecast of current ticket sales, history of similar events at other venues, and his own records, reflecting demand for this particular opponent, night of the week, time of year, and even time of day. He then breaks the demand for specific menu items and quantities into items to be available at each of the 22 concession stands, 7 restaurants, and 68 suites. Production specifications are then prepared for each item.
The production specifications include a bill of materials that include the quantity, ingredients, costs, and labor requirements. Chef John is preparing Cheeto Crusted Mac & Cheese, and the total cost of producing 216 portions of this dish is:QUANTITY MEASURE UNIT COST TOTAL COST Elbow macaroni (large, uncooked) 320.00 oz. $0.09 $28.80 Cheese-cheddar shredded 160.00 oz. $0.16 $25.60 Mac and cheese base 704.00 oz. $0.80 $563.20 Milk 64.00 oz. $0.03 $1.92 Cheetos, crushed 96.00 oz. $0.27 $25.92 Sliced green onion-garnish 8.00 oz. $0.18 $1.44 Whole Cheetos-garnish 32.00 oz. $0.27 $8.64 Total cost $655.52
The cost per portion of Cheeto Crusted Mac & Cheese is $3.03. The cost per portion of the Buffalo Chicken Mac & Cheese is $3.39. Therefore, Cheeto Crusted Mac & Cheese is less expensive by 36 cents per portion.The cooking time for the entire 216 portions is 0.2 hours, which means that the preparation should start at least 0.2 hours before the demand period.
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microeconomics
10.Which of the following industries is an illustration of homogeneous oligopoly? A) household laundry products B) personal computers C) aluminum D) the auto industry
The correct option is C. Homogeneous oligopoly refers to a market structure in which the companies deal with the production of identical or similar products and where they face a similar cost structure. From the options given above, aluminum is an illustration of homogeneous oligopoly.
Aluminum is a metal that is available in vast quantities, and the primary aluminum production process has a standard cost structure. As a result, all aluminum production companies face the same cost structure and produce identical products. This is a classic example of a homogeneous oligopoly.
To explain further, in a homogeneous oligopoly, companies' products are nearly indistinguishable, and the companies tend to be roughly the same size, have similar cost structures, and engage in non-price competition.
The household laundry products industry is an illustration of a monopolistic competition structure, which consists of many small businesses that produce products that are slightly distinct from one another, and the auto industry is an illustration of an oligopoly that is differentiated.
The personal computer industry is an example of a monopolistic competition structure because the businesses that make up the industry have various sizes and levels of control over the prices they charge. Therefore, among the given options, aluminum is an illustration of homogeneous oligopoly.
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Based on our understanding of the closed economy model seen in Lecture 3, we know with certainty that an equal and simultaneous increase in G and I will cause: an increase in output. a reduction in investment. a reduction in output. no change in output. an increase in investment.
Based on the closed economy model an equal and simultaneous increase in G and I will cause an increase in output.
Based on the closed economy model seen in Lecture 3, an equal and simultaneous increase in G and I will cause an increase in output.The closed economy model is based on the Keynesian consumption theory. This theory believes that demand determines the level of economic activity, rather than supply. The model includes an equation that determines the total output of an economy, which is also known as Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
The equation is as follows:
Y = C + I + G Where Y is GDP, C is consumption, I is investment, and G is government spending. If there is an equal and simultaneous increase in G and I, the equation becomes:
Y = C + (I + ΔI) + (G + ΔG)Where ΔI is the increase in investment and ΔG is the increase in government spending. If there is an equal and simultaneous increase in G and I,
ΔI = ΔG. Hence, the equation can be simplified as:
Y = C + 2I + ΔG
If there is an increase in G and I, there is a direct increase in GDP. This is because the total demand for goods and services increases, which leads to an increase in output.
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Using the Internet, research the United States v. Microsoft antitrust case. In a one- to two-page paper, explain: Facts of the case Procedural history of the case Questions of law before the court Outcome of the litigation Why you either support or oppose the outcome of the litigation Your one- to two-page paper should be 250 to 500 words.
Facts of the case: The United States v. Microsoft was a landmark antitrust case that began in 1998 and concluded in 2001.
The case focused on Microsoft's alleged anticompetitive behavior and abuse of its dominant market position in the personal computer operating systems market.
Procedural history of the case:
The case originated from a series of investigations conducted by the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) and various state attorneys general. The plaintiffs argued that Microsoft had engaged in anticompetitive practices by bundling its Internet Explorer web browser with its Windows operating system and by engaging in restrictive licensing agreements that limited competition.
Questions of law before the court: The primary legal question was whether Microsoft's actions violated the Sherman Antitrust Act, specifically Section 2, which prohibits monopolization and attempted monopolization. The court had to determine if Microsoft had engaged in anticompetitive behavior and whether its actions harmed consumers and stifled competition.
Outcome of the litigation:
The court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs and found Microsoft guilty of violating antitrust laws. However, the court did not order a breakup of the company, as was initially sought by the plaintiffs. Instead, the court issued remedies aimed at promoting competition and preventing future anticompetitive behavior. These remedies included prohibiting Microsoft from engaging in certain restrictive practices and requiring the company to disclose certain technical information to competitors.
Support or opposition to the outcome of the litigation: Opinions regarding the outcome of the case vary. Supporters of the court's decision argue that it helped preserve competition in the technology industry and prevented Microsoft from stifling innovation. They believe that the ruling helped level the playing field and opened up opportunities for other companies.
On the other hand, critics of the litigation argue that it hindered Microsoft's ability to innovate and compete globally. They contend that the remedies imposed on the company were overly burdensome and hindered its ability to bring new products to market.
Ultimately, whether one supports or opposes the outcome of the litigation depends on their perspective on competition, innovation, and the role of government intervention in regulating monopolistic practices.
Please note that this summary is not a comprehensive analysis of the case, and for a more in-depth understanding, I recommend referring to authoritative sources and conducting further research.
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The maintenance cost of Ford Manufacturing Plant, Dearborn, Michigan will increase according to an arithmetic gradient beginning in year 3, due to global warming. In the current year (year O), the cost is $550,000 and it will be $550,000 again in year 1 and 2, but then are estimated to increase by $40,000 each year through year 12 starting from year 3. If the interest rate is 11% per year, what will be the equivalent annual worth in years 1 to 12 of these maintenance costs? Draw the cash flow diagrams.
The equivalent annual worth of the maintenance costs for years 1 to 12, considering an interest rate of 11% per year, is approximately $74,657.43.
To calculate the equivalent annual worth, we need to find the present value of all the cash flows and then convert it into an equivalent annual amount.
In this case, we have cash flows of $550,000 for years 0, 1, and 2, and then increasing by $40,000 each year from year 3 to year 12. We can calculate the present value of each cash flow using the interest rate of 11%. Then, we sum up all the present values and convert it into an equivalent annual amount using the formula for the present worth of a uniform series.
The cash flow diagram would show the initial cash flows of $550,000 for years 0, 1, and 2, and then a series of increasing cash flows of $40,000 starting from year 3 to year 12.
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Define and discuss briefly the ethical, moral, rational, and economic arguments for corporate
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to a company's commitment to act ethically and contribute to sustainable development by considering the interests of various stakeholders, including employees, customers, communities, and the environment.
The following are brief explanations of the ethical, moral, rational, and economic arguments for corporate social responsibility:
Ethical Argument: The ethical argument for CSR emphasizes that businesses have a moral obligation to act responsibly and ethically. Companies should not solely focus on profit-making but also consider the broader impacts of their actions on society. CSR aligns with ethical principles, such as fairness, honesty, and respect for human rights, and promotes a positive contribution to society.
Moral Argument: The moral argument extends beyond ethical obligations to assert that businesses have a responsibility to address societal issues and contribute to the greater good. By integrating CSR into their operations, companies can address social, environmental, and economic challenges, such as poverty, inequality, and climate change. This perspective views CSR as a moral duty and a means to create a more just and sustainable society.
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Imagine that you are an external consultant working for Pret A
Manger. Write an essay to the senior management team of Pret a
manger. You should explain the ethical issues faced by the
organisation an
The case study is about Pret a manager which is an international sandwich chain which offers homemade, natural products prepared in real kitchen. The case study highlights the unethical issues by Pret
There are several ethical issues that Pret A Manger faces, including food waste, deception of customers, and unethical employment practices.
Food waste is a significant issue that Pret A Manger faces, particularly with their focus on fresh food. To address this issue, the company should develop a system to minimize food waste by managing inventory and ordering products based on demand. The company could also donate surplus food to charity to reduce waste and help those in need.
Deception of customers is another ethical issue faced by Pret A Manger. The company has been criticized for advertising sandwiches that contain artificial flavors, while claiming to use natural ingredients. The company should be transparent with customers and make sure that their advertising is truthful and accurate.
Lastly, Pret A Manger has faced criticism for their employment practices. The company has been accused of exploiting workers by using zero-hour contracts and failing to provide a living wage. To address these issues, the company should consider offering more permanent contracts and paying employees a fair wage.
Overall, it is crucial for Pret A Manger to address these ethical issues to maintain their reputation and continue to grow as a business. By implementing strategies to minimize food waste, being transparent with customers, and improving employment practices, the company can ensure that they are acting ethically and responsibly.
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showing financial statement data and stock price data for mydeco corp. was mydeco able to improve its return on invested capital (roic) in relative to what it was in ?
No, without specific financial statement data and stock price data, it is not possible to assess MyDeco Corp's ROIC performance or determine if it improved.
Can it be determined if MyDeco Corp improved its return on invested capital (ROIC) relative to a previous period?Apologies, but without specific financial statement data and stock price data for MyDeco Corp, I cannot provide an accurate analysis of its return on invested capital (ROIC) or determine whether it improved relative to a specific time period.
To assess ROIC, you would need financial information such as net income, total assets, and total debt.
Additionally, stock price data would be necessary to evaluate the market value of the company.
To determine if MyDeco improved its ROIC, you would need to compare the ROIC from one period to another. ROIC measures the efficiency and profitability of a company's capital investments. It indicates how well a company generates profits from its invested capital.
Without the required financial and stock price data, it is not possible to analyze MyDeco Corp's ROIC performance and assess any improvements.
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what should a treasury staff do to improve forecasting accuracy
To improve forecasting accuracy, treasury staff can take the following steps:
Gather and Analyze Data: Ensure that relevant and reliable data is collected and analyzed from various sources, including historical financial records, market trends, economic indicators, and industry data. This data should be used to identify patterns, trends, and potential risks that can impact forecasts.
Use Advanced Analytics Techniques: Utilize advanced analytics techniques, such as statistical models, regression analysis, and predictive modeling, to enhance the accuracy of forecasts. These techniques can help identify relationships between variables, predict future outcomes, and account for uncertainties.
Collaborate with Stakeholders: Engage in regular communication and collaboration with key stakeholders, such as sales teams, procurement, finance, and operations, to gather insights and validate assumptions. Incorporate their inputs into the forecasting process to improve accuracy and alignment with business goals.
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Are the following statements true or false and why?
a. The value of a firm at a given point in time can be viewed as consisting of two terms, the value of current period earnings and the current interest payment.
b. The CAPM says that a stock with zero beta risk should have the risk-free interest rate.
c. There are two possible states in period 2. Your initial wealth is $500 and you will buy 10 shares of stock A and 5 shares of stock B in period 1. From this combination of shares you buy for the two stocks, in period 2, if state 1 arises, your wealth is $0 and if state 2 arises, your wealth is $1200. The price of a primary security on state 2 (a unit claim on state 2) is $24.
d. The transformation curve reflects use of unnecessary funds in the sense that the rational entrepreneur tends to waste resources.
e. Because the efficient market hypothesis holds, bubbles and crashes have been observed.
a. False. The value of a firm at a given point in time is not solely determined by the value of current period earnings and the current interest payment.
The value of a firm is typically determined by a combination of various factors, including future expected earnings, cash flows, assets, liabilities, growth prospects, market conditions, and other relevant factors.
b. True. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), a stock with zero beta risk is expected to have a return equal to the risk-free interest rate. Beta measures the systematic risk of a stock relative to the overall market. If a stock has zero beta, it means it is not influenced by market movements and should therefore have a return equivalent to the risk-free rate.
c. The statement is incomplete and lacks sufficient information to determine its truth or falsehood. It provides information about the possible states and wealth outcomes in period 2, but it doesn't provide enough context or calculations to determine the accuracy of the statement.
d. False. The transformation curve, also known as the production possibilities curve, represents the different combinations of goods or services that can be produced with limited resources. It does not reflect the use of unnecessary funds or wasteful resource allocation. Instead, it illustrates the trade-offs and efficiency of resource allocation in production.
e. True. The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) suggests that financial markets are efficient and prices fully reflect all available information. However, the EMH does not imply that bubbles and crashes cannot occur. While markets are generally efficient, there can still be instances of market irrationality, investor sentiment, or speculative behavior that can lead to bubbles or crashes. These events can occur even in efficient markets, although they are generally viewed as deviations from market efficiency.
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Problem:
A diagnostics laboratory is considering one of the following microscopes with digital recording and pattern detection software:
Option A Option B Options C
Cost $20,000 $30,000 $15,000
Savings $1,199 $2,199 $2,000
Interest 6% 9% 7%
Each machine will have a 20-year life with no salvage value. There is a lot of debate within the company as to whether these devices are really going to last long, but they assume MARR of 10% as reasonable.
1. Calculate Present Worth for all Options showing your calculations
2. Calculate IRR for all options showing your calculations
3. Which Option do you recommend and why?
None of the options are recommended based on the given information. To calculate the Present Worth (PW) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for each option, we can use the following formulas:
PW = -Cost + Savings / (1 + Interest)^n
IRR can be calculated by finding the discount rate that makes the PW of the investment equal to zero.
Option A:
PW_A = -$20,000 + $1,199 / (1 + 0.06)^20 ≈ -$8,624.62
IRR_A = 6%
Option B:
PW_B = -$30,000 + $2,199 / (1 + 0.09)^20 ≈ -$7,192.80
IRR_B = 9%
Option C:
PW_C = -$15,000 + $2,000 / (1 + 0.07)^20 ≈ -$4,561.94
IRR_C = 7%
Based on the calculations, we can see that all three options have negative Present Worth values, indicating that the costs outweigh the savings over the 20-year period. However, the option with the least negative Present Worth is Option C.
Considering the MARR (Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return) of 10%, none of the options meet this requirement. Therefore, none of the options are recommended based on the given information.
It's worth noting that other factors, such as the potential benefits of the digital recording and pattern detection software, the specific needs and requirements of the diagnostics laboratory, and other qualitative aspects, should also be considered when making a recommendation.
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.Kennedy LLC was formed in year 1. It distributes property to all members at the end of years 18 and 19. One member retires at the end of year 19, selling the interest to the other members. Identify the liquidating distribution:
Select one:
a. The year 18 distribution.
b. The year 19 distribution.
c. There is no liquidating distribution
a. The year 18 distribution.
b. The year 19 distribution.
c. There is no liquidating distribution
The **liquidating distribution** in this scenario refers to the distribution of property to the members of Kennedy LLC that occurs at the end of either year 18 or year 19.
Therefore, the correct answer is **b. The year 19 distribution**. This distribution marks the liquidation or winding down of the LLC, where one member retires and sells their interest to the remaining members. It signifies the final distribution of assets and the conclusion of the LLC's operations.
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Waller, Inc., is trying to determine its cost of debt. The firm has a debt issue outstanding with 15 years to maturity that is quoted at 95 percent of face value. The issue makes semiannual payments and has an embedded cost of 10 percent annually.
To calculate the cost of debt for Waller, Inc., we need to consider the quoted price of the debt issue and the embedded interest rate.
Given information:
Debt issue maturity: 15 years
Quoted price: 95% of face value
Embedded interest rate: 10% annually
Semiannual payments
To calculate the cost of debt, we need to determine the yield to maturity (YTM) of the debt issue. The YTM is the effective interest rate that equates the present value of all future cash flows (coupon payments and the face value) to the current market price.
Step 1: Calculate the coupon payment:
Since the debt issue makes semiannual payments, we need to divide the embedded interest rate by 2 to get the semiannual coupon rate:
Coupon rate = 10% / 2 = 5%
Step 2: Calculate the present value of the future cash flows:
Since the debt issue is quoted at 95% of face value, the present value is 95% of the future cash flows.
To calculate the present value of the coupon payments, we need to discount each semiannual payment at the yield to maturity. Since the yield to maturity is unknown, we will use an approximation method to find it.
Step 3: Approximate the yield to maturity:
We can use trial and error or financial calculators/software to find the yield to maturity that makes the present value of the cash flows equal to 95% of face value. Let's assume the yield to maturity is 9% (0.09) annually.
Step 4: Calculate the present value of the cash flows:
Using the yield to maturity of 9%, we can calculate the present value of the coupon payments and the face value:
PV = Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield/2)^n + Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield/2)^(n-1) + ... + Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield/2)^2 + Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield/2) + Face Value / (1 + Yield/2)^n
Where n is the number of periods remaining until maturity (30 periods in this case, considering semiannual payments over 15 years).
Step 5: Calculate the cost of debt:
The cost of debt is equal to the yield to maturity, so in this case, it is 9% (0.09) annually.
In summary, the cost of debt for Waller, Inc. is approximately 9% annually, based on the embedded interest rate and the quoted price of the debt issue.
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The dimensions of a portfolio of projects of a company is determined by the strategic action their company wants to pursue and considers the projects in terms of their risk and reward.
List and explain the 4 types of projects a company can have in its portfolio.
A portfolio of projects of a company is determined by the strategic action the company wants to pursue and considers the projects in terms of their risk and reward.
The four types of projects a company can have in its portfolio are as follows:
Growth Projects - Growth projects are new products, services, or businesses that have a high potential for growth and a higher degree of risk. Diversification Projects - Diversification projects involve creating new products, services, or businesses in areas unrelated to a company's current products, services, or businesses. Innovation Projects - Innovation projects are aimed at creating something new or different, such as a new product, service, process, or business model. .Fix or Rebuild Projects - Fix or rebuild projects are aimed at resolving existing problems, rebuilding infrastructure, or repairing defective or outdated equipment.To learn more about Portfolio visit here:
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A group mate who always uses reason and intellect to deal with problems and downplay emotions can be described as Sensation-type Feeling-type Thinking-type Cognitive-type Intuitive-type
A group mate who always uses reason and intellect to deal with problems and downplay emotions can be described as Thinking-type. The Thinking type is one of the four cognitive functions that define how people take in information and make decisions. The other cognitive functions include Sensing, Feeling, and Intuition. The Thinking type relies on objective and logical reasoning to evaluate a situation and come up with solutions. They tend to analyze a problem and break it down into smaller parts to understand it better.
They then use their analytical abilities to generate practical solutions to the problem. They also use data, facts, and evidence to support their reasoning. The Thinking type is not concerned with personal feelings or subjective experiences but rather focuses on objective facts and information. They are more interested in solving the problem than expressing emotions. Answer in more than 100 words:The Thinking type is often referred to as a critical thinker. They tend to be logical, analytical, and objective in their approach to problem-solving. They are also very rational and practical in their thinking. They look for patterns and connections between ideas, and they are always looking for ways to improve a situation. They do not get swayed by emotions or opinions but rather rely on data and evidence to make informed decisions. They are often seen as decisive and efficient in their decision-making process. They also have a good sense of judgment and can assess risks and opportunities effectively. They tend to be focused on the task at hand and work towards achieving their goals. The Thinking type is an essential component of any group because they can provide a logical and objective perspective on a problem. They are also good at identifying the root cause of a problem and coming up with practical solutions that can be implemented. In conclusion, the Thinking type is an essential cognitive function that helps people deal with problems and downplay emotions by relying on objective and logical reasoning.
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Which of the following option is correct regarding difference in activity-based costing when compared to simple costing?
a. Simple costing and activity-based costing usually yield very similar product costs.
b. Activity-based costing is generally considered to be more accurate and more costly to implement.
c. Using activity-based costing does guarantee more accurate costs, but simple costing does not.
d. Simple costing is only as good as the drivers selected, and their actual relationship to costs.
e. Moving to another question will save this response.
The correct option regarding the difference in activity-based costing when compared to simple costing is b. Activity-based costing is generally considered to be more accurate and more costly to implement.
Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing method that allocates costs to specific activities based on their consumption of resources. It recognizes that different activities consume resources to varying degrees and assigns costs accordingly. This provides a more accurate reflection of the true costs of products or services.
On the other hand, simple costing, also known as traditional costing, typically allocates costs based on a single cost driver, such as direct labor hours or machine hours. It may not capture the true cost drivers and can result in inaccurate cost allocations, especially in complex or diverse production environments.
Activity-based costing is generally considered more accurate because it considers multiple cost drivers and provides a more detailed analysis of cost behavior. However, implementing ABC requires more resources, time, and effort compared to simple costing due to the need for data collection, analysis, and the establishment of cost pools and cost drivers.
Therefore, option b, stating that activity-based costing is generally considered to be more accurate and more costly to implement, is the correct choice.
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Shippers and 3PL providers strive towards reducing costs, securing more profits, which may not adhere with various environmental concerns. O True O False In the push system production orders begin upo
The given statement, "Shippers and 3PL providers strive towards reducing costs, securing more profits, which may not adhere with various environmental concerns" is True.
This statement explains that Shippers and 3PL providers may not consider environmental concerns while trying to reduce costs and increasing their profit.Increasing environmental concerns about the impact of logistics operations have highlighted the need for logistics to become more sustainable. Shippers are trying to respond to environmental concerns by changing their logistics practices. According to a study, shippers have started making logistics decisions that are environmentally friendly, such as changing the transportation mode or investing in new transportation equipment.
The involvement of 3PL providers (third-party logistics providers) in logistics operations has a considerable impact on the sustainability of logistics operations. The 3PL providers also aim to increase their profit and reduce costs. Thus, the cooperation between shippers and 3PL providers must involve ensuring the sustainability of logistics operations. Therefore, the given statement is True.In 200 words, Shippers and 3PL providers strive towards reducing costs, securing more profits, which may not adhere to various environmental concerns.
With the environmental concerns about the impact of logistics operations, the logistics industry is becoming more sustainable. Shippers and 3PL providers are taking several steps to address these environmental concerns.The shippers have started making logistics decisions that are environmentally friendly, such as changing the transportation mode or investing in new transportation equipment. For example, some shippers are replacing road freight with more environmentally friendly rail freight or are using hybrid or electric trucks for their transportation operations.The involvement of 3PL providers in logistics operations has a significant impact on the sustainability of logistics operations. The 3PL providers also aim to increase their profit and reduce costs.
However, the cooperation between shippers and 3PL providers must involve ensuring the sustainability of logistics operations.The implementation of green logistics practices may increase the costs, but this may also increase the efficiency of logistics operations. Moreover, implementing green logistics practices can improve the public image of the shippers and 3PL providers. Thus, shippers and 3PL providers should address environmental concerns and take steps towards becoming more sustainable.
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A team's total revenue is TR 140w2w² and total cost is TC = 60w, where w is the number of wins. 1. If the team maximizes profits, how many games should this team win? 2. If the team maximizes wins, how many games will this team win
If the team aims to maximize profits, they should aim to win approximately 1 game. However, without further information or a different equation, we cannot determine the exact number of games the team will win when maximizing wins.
To determine the number of games the team should win in order to maximize profits and the number of games the team will win if they aim to maximize wins, we need to analyze the relationship between total revenue, total cost, and the team's objectives.
Maximizing Profits:
To maximize profits, the team should choose the level of wins that maximizes the difference between total revenue (TR) and total cost (TC). The profit function (π) can be expressed as:
π = TR - TC
Given that TR = 140w^2w^2 and TC = 60w, we can substitute these values into the profit function:
π = 140w^2w^2 - 60w
To find the number of games the team should win to maximize profits, we need to find the level of wins (w) that maximizes the profit function. This can be done by taking the derivative of the profit function with respect to w and setting it equal to zero:
dπ/dw = 280w^3 - 60 = 0
Solving this equation, we find:
w^3 = 60/280
w^3 = 3/14
w ≈ 0.777
Since the number of games cannot be a fraction, we can round the value to the nearest whole number. Therefore, the team should aim to win approximately 1 game (as winning 0 games is not possible).
Maximizing Wins:
If the team's objective is to maximize the number of wins, they will choose the level of wins that yields the highest number of victories. In this case, we do not need to consider the profit function.
To determine the number of games the team will win to maximize wins, we need to examine the relationship between wins and total revenue. However, the total revenue function provided (TR = 140w^2w^2) does not directly give us the number of wins. Therefore, we require additional information or a different equation to determine the specific number of games the team will win.
Without this additional information, we cannot determine the exact number of games the team will win when maximizing wins.
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Swordfish Programming is owned by Mark Kulak and provides computer solutions to the security industry. At the end of April 2018, Swordfish had the following adjustments.
APR 30 A count of office supplies showed that there was 550 worth of supplies remaining in the office
APR 30 The balance of prepaid insurance is for a 12 month policy:one month of insurance has been used
APR 30 During April, Swordfish Programming earned $900 of unearned income
APR 30 The computers were purchased on April 1,2018 and have an expected useful life of five years, after which they will have no residual value, record the depreciation for April
Using the following trial balance, complete the adjustments and the adjusted trial balance in the spreadsheet.
Unadjusted
Trial Balance Adjustments Adjusted Trial Bal
Account Title DR CR DR CR DR CR
Cash 4200
A/R 2300
Prepaid Insurance 1800
Office Supplies 800
Computers 9600
Accum Deprec-computers 0
A/P 1640
Unearned Revenue 1950
Notes Payable 3200
Kulak,Capital 10235
Kulak,Withdrawals 1500
Service Revenue 4750
Deprec Expense 0
Insurance Expense 0
Office Supplies Expense 0
Rent Expense 1300
Telephone Expense 275
Total 21775 21775
Based on the given adjustments, the adjusted trial balance for Swordfish Programming includes adjustments for office supplies, prepaid insurance, unearned revenue, and depreciation expense. The adjusted trial balance totals to $22,225.
To complete the adjustments and adjusted trial balance, we need to consider the adjustments provided:
1. APR 30: Office Supplies
- Office supplies remaining: $550
Adjusted Trial Balance:
- Office Supplies: $550
2. APR 30: Prepaid Insurance
- Prepaid insurance is for a 12-month policy, one month used.
- Prepaid insurance expense: $1800 / 12 = $150
Adjusted Trial Balance:
- Prepaid Insurance: $1650
3. APR 30: Unearned Income
- Earned income during April: $900
Adjusted Trial Balance:
- Unearned Revenue: $1050
4. APR 30: Depreciation Expense
- Computers purchased on April 1, 2018, with a 5-year useful life and no residual value.
- Depreciation expense for April: $9600 / 5 / 12 = $160
- Accumulated Depreciation - Computers: $160
Adjusted Trial Balance:
- Depreciation Expense: $160
- Accumulated Depreciation - Computers: $160
Adjusted Trial Balance:
Account Title DR CR
Cash 4200
A/R 2300
Prepaid Insurance 1650
Office Supplies 550
Computers 9600
Accum Deprec-Computers 160
A/P 1640
Unearned Revenue 1050
Notes Payable 3200
Kulak, Capital 10235
Kulak, Withdrawals 1500
Service Revenue 4750
Deprec Expense 160
Insurance Expense 150
Office Supplies Expense 250
Rent Expense 1300
Telephone Expense 275
Total 22225 22225
Note: There are additional adjustments required for Insurance Expense and Office Supplies Expense based on the information given, but the amounts for these expenses are not provided. Therefore, we cannot include them in the adjusted trial balance.
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a lease that contains a purchase option must be capitalized by the lessee
A lease that contains a purchase option must be capitalized by the lessee. This is because a capital lease is essentially a type of financing arrangement that is used to obtain the use of an asset while still retaining ownership of it.
When a lease includes a purchase option, it indicates that the lessee has the right, but not the responsibility, to acquire the leased property at the conclusion of the lease term. The purchase price is frequently determined by a formula or a fixed amount that is established in the lease.
A lease that includes a purchase option is known as a capital lease, according to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). This indicates that the lessee must record the leased asset as an asset and the lease obligation as a liability on the balance sheet.
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Yesterday you had an interesting conversation with one of your loyal customers, Dan Martello. Dan asked you the following question "If I find a digital camera on the street is it OK to look at the contents – or am I invading the owner’s privacy?" You have a lengthy debate and decided that in some scenarios it is an invasion of privacy to be looking at someone else’s photos and is similar to looking in their windows. In other scenarios, it is not an invasion of privacy if you do not know the person and it is the primary way to identify the owner to return the camera, similar to looking in a wallet.
As you are cleaning the store this morning you find a 3 gigabyte thumb drive. You know how valuable a thumb drive can be and that it probably contains one of your customer’s data. What do you do? What security concerns are associated with the thumb drive? How could information security policies or information security plans help the cafe in this type of situation?
PROJECT FOCUS:
What if you lost your thumb drive that contained all of your personal information such as address, social security number, and credit card numbers? The FBI states that identity theft is one of the fastest-growing crimes. If you are a victim of identity theft, your financial reputation can be ruined, making it impossible for you to cash a check or receive a bank loan. Learning how to avoid identity theft can be a valuable activity.
Research the following Web sites and draft a document stating the best ways to prevent identity theft.
The Federal Trade Commission Consumer Information on ID theft
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
The Office of the Inspector General
U.S. Department of Justice
When finding a thumb drive containing potentially sensitive customer data, it is crucial to handle the situation with caution and prioritize information security.
The following steps can be taken:
Do not access the contents: It is important not to view or access any files on the thumb drive to avoid unauthorized exposure of sensitive information.
Secure the thumb drive: Keep the thumb drive in a safe place to prevent any unauthorized access or accidental loss of the device.
Determine the owner: If the thumb drive has any identifiable information, such as a label or file names, try to determine the owner within the boundaries of privacy laws and regulations.
Notify the customer: Contact the customer through appropriate channels (if possible) to inform them about the recovery of their thumb drive and arrange for its return.
Security concerns associated with the thumb drive include the risk of unauthorized access to personal and confidential information, potential data breaches, and the possibility of identity theft if the information falls into the wrong hands.
Information security policies and plans can help the cafe in this situation by providing guidelines for handling lost or found devices containing customer data. These policies should outline the steps to be taken to protect customer information, including not accessing the contents, securing the device, and notifying the customer. Additionally, the policies should address data protection measures, employee training on information security, and incident response procedures to mitigate risks and maintain customer trust.
By adhering to information security policies and plans, the cafe can demonstrate its commitment to protecting customer data and minimize the potential impact of data breaches or identity theft incidents.
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Chapter Four in the textbook discusses the role of ethics in organizations. Select a company that is well known and examine their ethical values. Does the company have a statement of ethics/ethics program? Has the company lived up to its ethical standards? Explain.
The ethical values and ethical statement of ethics and program of Apple Inc., a well-known company, are discussed in this essay. The ethical standards of the company have been examined to see if the company has adhered to them.
Apple is known for its creativity, innovation, and quality. It's one of the world's biggest tech corporations and has a lot of influence on the lives of people all over the world. Apple's statement of ethics can be accessed on the company's website. The company's ethical policies are outlined in its statement of ethics, which provides guidelines for all workers. Apple's policy, according to the company's statement of ethics, is to adhere to the law and the company's high ethical standards. Its ethical guidelines govern the company's operations, which are based on trust, transparency, responsibility, confidentiality, and compliance with the law. Apple's ethical values and principles, according to its statement of ethics, govern the conduct of the firm, the workers, and the suppliers.
Apple Inc. is a company that prioritizes ethics. The company takes an ethical approach to all of its operations, from the production of its products to the provision of its services. Apple's statement of ethics governs the conduct of the firm, the workers, and the suppliers, as previously stated. It serves as a guide for ethical conduct and gives guidelines for resolving ethical dilemmas. Apple's ethical policy aims to maintain a high level of integrity and transparency in all of its operations. Apple's ethical values are put into practice through its products and services, according to the company. Apple's product design, for example, is intended to be accessible to all users, regardless of their abilities. Apple makes its products simple to use, which encourages creativity, and this is reflected in its services as well. Apple is dedicated to ensuring that the products and services that it delivers to its customers are of the highest quality. Apple is also committed to ensuring that its employees have the best working conditions possible. Apple's employees are required to comply with the company's ethical standards. They are encouraged to act ethically and to report any ethical breaches that they may observe. The company has a system in place to ensure that the employees are not subject to any kind of retaliation. The suppliers are also required to follow the company's ethical standards. They must adhere to Apple's ethical standards, and the company works with its suppliers to ensure that they follow these guidelines. Apple also publishes annual reports on its suppliers, which include information on the working conditions in the suppliers' factories. Apple has also been committed to environmental responsibility. The company has made efforts to reduce its carbon footprint, and it is committed to using renewable energy sources. The company is also dedicated to the responsible use of natural resources. Apple's ethical policies are taken very seriously by the company, and it has shown a commitment to living up to its ethical standards.
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Imagine you are an entrepreneur in the perfectly competitive gizmo market. Draw a graph showing market supply, market demand, and equilibrium price and quantity of gizmos in the long run. Draw a corresponding graph for the individual gizmo manufacturing firm using the market equilibrium price, average cost curve, and marginal cost curve. If you line up the two graphs horizontally, the equilibrium price should be the same on both graphs.
Now suppose that a crucial component used in the manufacturing of gizmos becomes cheaper. What impact will this have on the gizmo industry in the short run, in terms of the market price, output of an individual firm, and market equilibrium quantity? What impact will this have on your firm’s profits? What impact will this have in the long run on each of these variables? Show graphically and explain your reasoning.
a decrease in the cost of components in the manufacturing of gizmos has a positive impact on the firm's profits in the short run. The reduction in cost will lead to increased output and market supply, causing the market equilibrium price to fall. In the long run, the increase in profitability will attract more firms into the market
As an entrepreneur in a perfectly competitive gizmo market, the market equilibrium will be reached when market demand and supply meet. The point at which market demand and supply meet is the equilibrium price and quantity of gizmos in the long run. Below is the graph showing market supply, market demand, and equilibrium price and quantity of gizmos in the long run.Individual firms in the gizmo market will produce at the point where average cost equals the market equilibrium price. The intersection between the marginal cost and average cost curve will be the output level for an individual firm. Below is the graph showing the individual gizmo manufacturing firm using the market equilibrium price, average cost curve, and marginal cost curve. The equilibrium price is the same on both graphs in the long run.[tex]Market Equilibrium Graph[/tex][tex]Individual Firm Graph[/tex]When a crucial component used in the manufacturing of gizmos becomes cheaper, the average cost curve of an individual firm will shift downwards. The decrease in the average cost curve will result in the firm producing more output in the short run. The market price will fall due to increased supply. The output of an individual firm will increase, and the market equilibrium quantity will also increase. The impact of cheaper components on the firm's profits will be positive as the firm will realize increased revenue with a reduction in costs.In the long run, more firms will enter the market due to the increased profitability. The entry of new firms into the market will cause the supply curve to shift to the right, leading to a reduction in the equilibrium price. The increase in supply will also result in a decrease in the output of an individual firm. However, the market equilibrium quantity will increase as the increased number of firms will compensate for the reduction in output. Below is the graph illustrating the impact of cheaper components in the long run.
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