Which of the following is a reason why the public debt may impose a burden on future generations? Government borrowing to finance the debt may drive up interest rates, crowding out investment and consumption. Foreign owners of U.S. debt will not spend their income on U.S. products. Future generations will not have as much income as current generations. Current government spending is not used for infrastructure and capital investment.

The NPV is $78,994.58 the project is expected to generate a return greater than the required rate of return (the WACC), and therefore should be accepted.

To calculate the NPV of the project, we need to discount all the future cash flows to present value. We can use the formula:

[tex]NPV = CF1/(1+r)^{1} + CF2/(1+r)^{2} + ... + CFn/(1+r)^{n}[/tex]

where CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of years.

In this case, we have two sets of cash flows: $5,000 each year for the first 10 years, and $7,000 each year for the next 10 years. We can calculate the present value of each set of cash flows separately, and then add them together to get the total NPV.

For the first 10 years, the present value of the cash flows can be calculated as follows:

[tex]PV = CF * (1 - (1/(1+r)^{n})) / r\\PV = $5,000 * (1 - (1/(1+0.12)^{10})) / 0.12\\PV = $32,836.71[/tex]

For the next 10 years, the present value of the cash flows can be calculated in the same way:

[tex]PV = CF * (1 - (1/(1+r)^{n})) / r\\PV = $7,000 * (1 - (1/(1+0.12)^{10})) / 0.12\\PV = $46,157.87[/tex]

Now we can add the present values together to get the total NPV

NPV = $32,836.71 + $46,157.87

NPV = $78,994.58

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Favorable legislation changes are not an example of a political risk that may be avoided or reduced by foreign exchange risk management. Here option D is the correct answer.

Foreign exchange risk management is a crucial aspect of international business operations as it involves minimizing the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Political risk is another major factor that businesses face when operating in foreign markets. Political risk refers to the risk of political instability or uncertainty that can lead to financial, operational, or reputational losses for the business.

Foreign exchange risk management can help mitigate some forms of political risk. For instance, in the case of expropriation of assets, a business can hedge against currency fluctuations and protect its investments in the foreign market. Similarly, in the case of war, a business can use foreign exchange risk management techniques to minimize the impact of currency fluctuations and protect its assets in the foreign market.

However, the destruction of raw materials through natural disasters and favorable legal changes are not forms of political risk that foreign exchange risk management can mitigate. While foreign exchange risk management can help protect against financial losses due to currency fluctuations, it cannot prevent natural disasters or influence the legal system of a foreign country. Therefore, businesses need to adopt other risk management strategies to mitigate the impact of such risks.

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Complete question:

Which of the following is not an example of a form of political risk that foreign exchange risk management can avoid or reduce?

A) Expropriation of assets

B) Destruction of raw materials through a natural disaster

C) War

D) Favorable legal changes

In the context of mass sales messages, the last step in the AIDA approach is the call to action. The first step is to gain attention, followed by generating interest, creating desire, and finally, prompting action.

The call to action encourages the recipient to take a specific action, such as making a purchase or signing up for a service. It is an essential part of the mass sales message because it provides a clear direction for the recipient and increases the likelihood of conversion.
In the context of mass sales messages, the last step in the AIDA approach is C. Call to action. The AIDA approach consists of the following steps: A. Gain attention, B. Generate interest, C. Call to action, and D. Build desire.

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Operating leverage is a financial concept that measures the proportion of fixed costs to variable costs in a company's operations.

It illustrates the effect of fixed costs on the company's profitability and how sensitive its net operating income is to changes in sales volume. A higher degree of operating leverage indicates that a greater proportion of the company's costs are fixed, which can result in larger profit increases when sales increase and larger profit decreases when sales decrease.

Knowing the degree of operating leverage is helpful to managers because it helps them understand the company's cost structure and risk exposure. It enables them to make informed decisions regarding pricing, production, and cost control, as well as assess the potential impact of sales fluctuations on the company's profitability.

By understanding the degree of operating leverage, managers can identify opportunities to improve operational efficiency and optimize resource allocation to maximize profits while mitigating potential risks.

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The multi-cloud approach allows companies to optimize their resources, improve performance, and reduce costs while ensuring flexibility and scalability for their project.

The companies would utilize a multi-cloud architecture to access multiple cloud platforms. Multi-cloud is a strategy that involves the use of multiple cloud computing and storage services in a single network architecture. By using a multi-cloud approach, the companies can leverage the strengths of different cloud providers and avoid vendor lock-in.

In this scenario, the companies have decided that resources in a single cloud platform would work best during the project's duration. Therefore, they may opt for a hybrid multi-cloud approach, where they use a combination of private cloud, public cloud, and on-premises infrastructure to meet their specific needs. They may choose a cloud management platform to manage and orchestrate the different cloud services they are using.

Additionally, the companies may also utilize a cloud broker, a third-party service that helps organizations manage their multi-cloud resources by providing a single point of access and management for all their cloud services.

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At expiration, American call options are worth the same as European call options. This is because both types of options give the holder the right to buy the underlying asset at a specified strike price. However, the main difference between the two types of options lies in their exercise style. European options can only be exercised at expiration, while American options can be exercised at any time before expiration.

While American options offer more flexibility to the holder, this does not necessarily make them more valuable than European options. In fact, the value of an option is determined by various factors such as the underlying asset's price, volatility, time to expiration, and interest rates. Therefore, it is possible for either type of option to have a higher or lower value depending on market conditions.

In conclusion, American call options are not necessarily worth more or less than European call options at expiration. Their value is determined by market conditions and the specific terms of the option contract.

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The time between two consecutive buses is 15 minutes. So, there are 2 buses arriving between 7:00 AM and 7:30 AM. The probability of a passenger arriving during the time between two consecutive buses is 1/2.

The probability of waiting for more than 10 minutes is the probability of arriving during the time between the first bus and the passenger's arrival time. This time is uniformly distributed between 0 and 15 minutes. Therefore, the probability of waiting for more than 10 minutes is (15-10)/15 = 1/3. Multiplying the two probabilities, we get the final probability as 1/6 or approximately 0.1667. So, there is a 16.67% chance that the passenger will wait for more than 10 minutes.

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Julia experienced a common challenge faced by many new entrepreneurs - the lack of sufficient funds to promote and establish her business.

Starting a new business can be expensive, and without adequate financial planning and control, it can quickly lead to failure. In Julia's case, she may have underestimated the amount of funds required to get her cake decorating business off the ground.

This could have led to her being unable to invest in marketing and advertising campaigns, purchase the necessary equipment and supplies, or hire additional staff to support her business. As a result, she may have struggled to attract new customers, deliver quality products, and sustain her business in the long run. Undervalued inventory could also have contributed to her financial challenges.

Inadequate financial control can lead to overstocking, waste, and other inefficiencies that can drain a new business's finances. It is crucial for new entrepreneurs like Julia to have a sound financial plan and control in place to help them succeed and grow their business.

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Opportunity costs are prospective, with the objective being to comprehend what potential value for the future you might lose in the long run by choosing a financial course of action for your company.

The idea of opportunity cost is the concept that you always have a finite amount of resources at your disposal as a company owner. One can't take benefit of every chance that arises because one has only a specific amount of finances, time, and experience. They automatically give up on the others if you choose one. They can't both be true at once. Your chance cost is what these other people are worth.

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The many different types of incentive pay can be divided into three major groups: rewards tied to individual, group, or organizational performance; rewards linked to output, productivity, or product quality; and rewards linked to the objectives, priorities, or accomplishments of an organization.

These three categories encompass the majority of incentive pay structures and provide a framework for companies to design effective and motivating compensation plans. Other forms of incentives, such as company shares or gift coupons, may also be used but fall under one of these three categories.

Incentive pay is a type of compensation that rewards employees based on their performance, and it can be linked to various factors such as individual achievements, group success, or overall organizational performance. Option A best represents the three broad categories of incentive pay.

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The amount that should be debited to bad debts expense is $1,829. The correct answer is option C.

To calculate the amount that should be debited to bad debts expense, we need to first estimate the ending balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Using the percent of receivables method, we know that 3% of outstanding accounts receivable at the end of the current year are estimated to be uncollectible. Therefore, the estimated balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts would be:

$99,000 x 3% = $2,970

Next, we need to determine the adjustment required to bring the allowance for doubtful accounts to its estimated balance. The current balance of the allowance account is a credit balance of $1,141. To increase the balance to $2,970, we need to debit the account by the difference between the two amounts:

$2,970 - $1,141 = $1,829

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The long-run aggregate supply curve shifts right if technology improves

The economy's long-run aggregate supply curve  serves as the curve that helps in the process of showing level of output that an economy can produce when considering it in the long run.

It should be noted that the production factors, which could encompass the labor, capital, technology,  as well as the natural resource, can be sen as the variable in this time frame hence it adjust to changes in price.

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Rent seeking is viewed by economists as detrimental because it diverts resources from productive activities, distorts the market, and creates an unfair advantage for certain individuals or firms.

Economists view rent seeking as a detrimental form of competition because it can result in an inefficient allocation of resources and distort the market.

Rent-seeking activities divert resources and efforts away from productive economic activities, such as innovation, investment, and production, and instead focus on obtaining rents or economic benefits that do not contribute to economic growth or social welfare.

This can lead to a misallocation of resources, as scarce resources are used to pursue non-productive activities, resulting in higher costs, lower efficiency, and reduced economic growth.

Furthermore, rent seeking can create an uneven playing field in the market by giving certain individuals or firms an unfair advantage over their competitors.

This can lead to reduced competition, less innovation, and higher prices for consumers. Rent seeking activities can also create a perception of corruption and undermine public trust in the government and the market.

Overall, economists view rent seeking as a detrimental form of competition that can lead to economic inefficiencies, distortions in resource allocation, and reduced economic growth and welfare.

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False. The risks of fixed costs of a business are generally lower for an alliance (a partnership or a joint venture) than for an independent firm.

In an alliance, the fixed costs are typically shared between the partners, which reduces the financial burden on each partner individually. This sharing of fixed costs can also make it easier for the alliance to achieve economies of scale, as they can spread the fixed costs over a larger production volume.In contrast, an independent firm bears the full burden of its fixed costs alone, which can make it more vulnerable to financial risks such as economic downturns, changes in market demand, or unexpected costs.

However, it's important to note that alliances also come with their own risks, such as disagreements between partners, conflicts of interest, and differing management styles. These risks can have a significant impact on the success of the alliance, and it's important for the partners to have clear communication and a well-defined agreement in place to manage these risks.

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If a lawyer refuses to respond to a letter of audit inquiry, the auditor may be unable to obtain the necessary information to form an opinion on the financial statements.

In this case, the auditor may need to issue a qualified opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, as they cannot provide an unqualified opinion without sufficient evidence in front of Lawyer. Therefore, option a. is the answer. The auditor may also consider contacting the client's in-house attorney for relevant information, but this may not always be possible or sufficient to resolve the issue. Options b, c, and d are not applicable in this situation as they assume that the auditor has obtained all necessary information to issue an unqualified opinion.

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As a business manager, determining whether a certain action or decision is ethical involves more than just relying on personal moral judgment. While personal values and beliefs play a role, it is important to apply ethical approaches or tests to ensure that decisions align with ethical standards.

One ethical approach that can be applied is the utilitarian approach, which focuses on maximizing the overall good for the greatest number of people. Another approach is the deontological approach, which emphasizes following moral rules or duties regardless of the consequences.

It is also important to note that ethics and legality are not always the same. Just because something is legal does not mean it is ethical. Therefore, it is crucial to consider both ethical and legal implications when making business decisions.

In conclusion, as a business manager, it is important to use multiple ethical approaches or tests to determine the ethics of a decision, and to ensure that it is both legally and ethically sound.

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The amount of cash Bonner's, Incorporated actually had available to use from this loan was $35,040.

When a loan is made on a discount basis, the interest is deducted from the loan amount, and the borrower receives the remaining amount.

In this case, the loan amount is $36,000, and the interest rate used to calculate the discount is 8%. We can calculate the discount as follows:

Discount = Loan amount x Interest rate x Time

Discount = $36,000 x 8% x (4/12) = $960

The discount of $960 is deducted from the loan amount to determine the actual cash available to Bonner's, Incorporated:

Cash available = Loan amount - Discount

Cash available = $36,000 - $960 = $35,040

the amount of cash bonner's, incorporated actually had available to use from this loan was:$35,040.

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An organization's attention to issues of image and identity typically increases during periods of organizational crisis (option b). During such times, the organization faces significant challenges that require effective communication with stakeholders to mitigate negative effects.

In contrast, during periods of growth and development (option a), profitability and success (option c), or stability (option d), organizations may not face the same degree of urgency to address image and identity concerns. While these aspects remain important, the focus is often on expanding the business, maintaining performance, or ensuring a stable environment. During an organizational crisis, the organization's reputation, public perception, and overall identity can be significantly affected, which may impact its performance and future growth. Addressing stakeholders' concerns, implementing corrective actions, and showcasing transparency in handling the crisis all contribute to rebuilding trust and preserving the organization's identity.
In summary, an organization's attention to issues of image and identity is most likely to increase during periods of organizational crisis, as these situations pose significant threats to the organization's reputation and long-term success.

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When the optimal point on an indifference curve and budget line diagram is a corner solution, the marginal rate of substitution usually does not equal the ratio of prices for the two goods.(A)

A corner solution occurs when a consumer chooses to consume only one of the two goods in the diagram, as the optimal point lies at the intersection of the budget line and one of the axes.

In this case, the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) does not equal the ratio of the prices of the two goods, because the consumer's preferences are not aligned with the relative prices.

This means that the consumer values one good significantly more than the other, leading to the corner solution. This situation differs from a kinked budget line  or a consumer not spending her entire budget, as the consumer will still spend her entire budget in a corner solution, but only on one of the goods.(A)

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The term that describes the receiver's ability to alter the outcome of a bad-news message is adaptability.

The correct option is E) adaptability

This refers to the individual's capacity to adjust to new or changing circumstances and find solutions to problems. The degree of adaptability can vary among individuals, and it can be influenced by factors such as personality traits, prior experiences, and the support network available. In the context of delivering a bad-news message, it is important to assess the receiver's adaptability level and tailor the communication accordingly. If the receiver has a high level of adaptability, they may be more likely to take the news in stride and focus on finding solutions. On the other hand, if the receiver has a low level of adaptability, they may struggle with the news and require more support and guidance to navigate the situation. Therefore, it is essential to consider the receiver's adaptability when delivering bad news to ensure the message is received and acted upon effectively.

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Caprice's individual shared responsibility payment amount is a. $405.44

To determine Caprice's individual shared responsibility payment amount, let's consider her income, age, and months without minimum essential coverage.
1. Calculate the annual income threshold: For 2020, the tax filing threshold was $12,400 for a single individual under the age of 65. Caprice's income ($14,000) is above the threshold.
2. Determine the flat dollar amount: In 2020, the flat dollar amount for an individual adult was $695.
3. Determine the income-based percentage amount: The percentage of income amount for 2020 was 2.5% of the amount by which Caprice's income exceeds the tax filing threshold. Calculate this as follows:
  $14,000 - $12,400 = $1,600
  $1,600 x 2.5% = $40
4. Compare the flat dollar amount to the income-based percentage amount: In Caprice's case, $695 is greater than $40.
5. Calculate the monthly penalty: Divide the larger of the two amounts ($695) by 12 months:
  $695 ÷ 12 = $57.92 per month
6. Determine the penalty for 7 months without minimum essential coverage:
  $57.92 x 7 = $405.44
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The answer is D) to learn how to make lots of money. In the book, economics is presented as a social science that helps individuals understand how society manages its scarce resources.

Therefore, studying economics can help people develop critical thinking skills, understand how different social and economic policies affect society, and become informed citizens. While learning economics can provide insights into how to manage personal finances and investments, it is not primarily focused on making lots of money. Rather, economics provides a framework for understanding how markets work and how economic decisions are made at the individual, firm, and government levels. Overall, studying economics is a valuable endeavor for anyone interested in understanding how society operates and making informed decisions about personal and public matters.

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a. The null hypothesis tested in this table is option A: H0​: mu 1 equals mu 2 equals mu 3 equals mu 4 equals mu 5, which means that the population means for ideal family size are equal for all five religious affiliations.

b. The assumptions made to conduct this test are that there are independent random samples and normal population distributions with equal standard deviations.

This assumption is important because it ensures that the F-test statistic is calculated accurately and that the ANOVA results are reliable.

c. The F test statistic value is 4.17, and the P-value for this test is 0.002.

The P-value is less than the significance level of 0.05, which indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis.

Interpretation of the P-Value: We have very strong evidence that the ideal numbers are different for at least two of the populations.

Hence, we reject the null hypothesis.

d. Based on the ANOVA results, we cannot conclude that every pair of religious affiliations has different population means for ideal family size.

ANOVA tests only whether at least two are different, and since the null hypothesis is rejected, we can only say that there is strong evidence that there is at least one difference in population means among the five religious affiliations.

Therefore, option B: We cannot conclude that each religious affiliation has a different population mean because there is not enough evidence against the null hypothesis, is the correct answer.

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Ordinary income dividend distributions earned on municipal bond funds is tax-exempt from federal income taxes.

The type of fund that earns ordinary income dividend distributions that are tax-exempt for federal income taxes is municipal bond funds. Municipal bond funds invest in bonds issued by state and local governments, which offer tax-exempt interest income for investors. This means that the dividends earned from these funds are not subject to federal income taxes. It is important to note that while these dividends may be tax-exempt at the federal level, they may still be subject to state and local taxes.

Here is a step-by-step explanation:

1. Evaluate each option: balanced funds, small-cap funds, municipal bond funds, and specialty funds.

2. Identify the type of fund with tax-exempt income dividend distributions.

3. Municipal bond funds invest in tax-exempt municipal bonds issued by local and state governments, which makes their income dividend distributions tax-exempt for federal income taxes.

So, the answer is 3. municipal bond funds.

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True. Aggregators are tools used to gather data from various sources on the web, including social media, news articles, and forums.

They scan these sources for any comments or mentions of a company and then analyze the data they find to provide insights on the company's reputation, customer sentiment, and overall public perception. Aggregators are used by many businesses to monitor their online presence and reputation, as well as to identify any potential issues or areas for improvement. By using aggregators, companies can stay on top of what people are saying about them online and take steps to address any concerns or complaints. Overall, aggregators play an important role in helping companies to manage their online reputation and maintain a positive image in the eyes of their customers and the public.

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According to research, it is false that the turnover rate is relatively the same across all industries in the U.S. Turnover rates tend to vary significantly among different industries due to factors such as job nature, industry growth, and working conditions.

Some industries, like hospitality and retail, generally have higher turnover rates due to seasonal fluctuations, lower wages, and higher part-time employment. Conversely, other industries like healthcare and technology tend to have lower turnover rates due to better job stability, higher salaries, and more opportunities for professional growth.

Therefore, it is incorrect to assume that turnover rates are the same across all industries in the U.S.

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The customer service objective being adhered to in this scenario is the "timeliness" objective.

By establishing effective inventory management policies, performing accurate sales forecasts, and maintaining efficient transportation and distribution operations, firms are focused on ensuring that products are available to customers in a timely manner. Timeliness is an important aspect of customer service as it involves meeting or exceeding customer expectations regarding the delivery and availability of products.

Efficient inventory management policies help ensure that the right amount of inventory is available at the right time to meet customer demand. Accurate sales forecasts aid in estimating future demand accurately, which enables firms to plan their inventory levels and production schedules accordingly. Effective transportation and distribution operations ensure that products are shipped and delivered promptly to customers, reducing lead times and minimizing delays.

Overall, by prioritizing timeliness in their operations, firms aim to enhance customer satisfaction, increase customer loyalty, and provide a positive customer experience.

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The stability of an emulsion depends on several factors such as the formulation, the ingredients used, the pH, the temperature, and the storage conditions. Generally, when stored under ideal conditions, a properly formulated emulsion can be stable for up to 2-3 years.

Ideal storage conditions for emulsions typically involve keeping the product in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat. Emulsions should be stored at room temperature or in a refrigerator, depending on the formulation. In addition to storage conditions, the formulation of the emulsion plays a crucial role in its stability. An emulsion with a well-balanced composition of oil, water, and emulsifiers will be more stable than an emulsion with an imbalanced composition. The use of stabilizers and preservatives can also help improve the stability and shelf life of an emulsion.

It is important to note that even under ideal conditions, emulsions will eventually break down and lose their stability. Factors such as exposure to air, contamination, and changes in temperature can all contribute to the breakdown of an emulsion over time. Therefore, it is always recommended to use emulsions within their recommended shelf life and to properly store and handle them to maintain their stability.

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To overcome receiver resistance to a persuasive appeal, the price typically should be set at a level that is acceptable to the target audience.

Price is a critical factor in any persuasive appeal, and it can be used to overcome receiver resistance by offering a price that is acceptable to the target audience. If the price is too high, it can create resistance and cause the receiver to reject the offer. However, if the price is too low, it can raise doubts about the quality or value of the product or service being offered. The price should be set at a level that is perceived as reasonable and appropriate for the product or service being marketed. It is also essential to communicate the value proposition of the product or service and highlight any unique features or benefits that may differentiate it from competitors. In addition to price, other factors that can help overcome receiver resistance include building trust, establishing credibility, and providing evidence to support the claims being made in the persuasive appeal.

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American television viewers see an average of approximately 1,000 commercials per week.

American television has had a profound impact on popular culture and entertainment around the world. Since its inception in the early 20th century, television has been a powerful medium for storytelling, news reporting, and advertising, shaping the way people view themselves and the world around them. American television has produced many iconic shows, ranging from sitcoms and dramas to reality shows and game shows, that have become part of the cultural lexicon. The industry has also been subject to criticism for its portrayal of certain groups and issues, as well as its influence on consumer culture and commercialism. Despite these challenges, American television continues to be a major force in the media landscape, shaping the way people consume information and entertainment.

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