The strategy that aims to minimize inventory levels is Just-in-Time (JIT) purchasing. The benefit of JIT purchasing that is not included in the given options is "Reduced stock out costs."
Just-in-Time (JIT) purchasing is a strategy that aims to minimize inventory levels by receiving materials and goods from suppliers exactly when they are needed in the production process. It provides several benefits for businesses, including less risk of obsolescence, lower investment in inventory, decreased risk of spoilage, and lower storage costs.
However, the option "Reduced stock out costs" is not a direct benefit of JIT purchasing. Stock-out costs refer to the expenses incurred when a company runs out of inventory and is unable to meet customer demand.
While JIT purchasing helps to minimize inventory levels, it does not specifically address the costs associated with stock-outs. Stock-out costs may still occur if there are disruptions in the supply chain or unexpected changes in customer demand.
Therefore, out of the given options, "Reduced stock out costs" is not a benefit of JIT purchasing. The other options, namely less risk of obsolescence, lower investment in inventory, decreased risk of spoilage, and lower storage costs, are all benefits that can be achieved through the effective implementation of JIT purchasing practices.
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Suppose demand and supply are given by the following, Qd = 167.4 – 2.9P QS = 31.2 + 1.4P. A tax of $21 creates $ _ ____ of deadweight loss.
DWL = 1/2 * ($31.63 – $27.93) * (45.18 – 53.52)DWL = $3.35 * (-8.34)DWL = $-27.90Therefore, the tax of $21 creates $27.90 of deadweight loss.
Demand: Qd = 167.4 – 2.9P and Supply: QS = 31.2 + 1.4PAt the equilibrium point of the market,Quantity demanded (Qd) = Quantity supplied (QS)i.e. 167.4 – 2.9P = 31.2 + 1.4PPutting the above equation in the standard form, we get 4.3P = 136.2P = $31.63 per unitAfter imposing the tax of $21, the new supply curve will be:QS + $21 = 31.2 + 1.4P + $21QS + $21 = 52.2 + 1.4PNew equilibrium price (P') = $27.93 per unitQuantity supplied (QS') = 45.18 unitsDeadweight loss (DWL) is the measure of the economic efficiency loss that occurs due to the inefficient allocation of resources. It arises when the equilibrium is not achieved as the market is not able to provide the goods at the lowest possible cost to the society.The formula to calculate deadweight loss is given as:DWL = 1/2 * (P1 – P2) * (Q1 – Q2)where,P1 = original equilibrium priceP2 = new equilibrium priceQ1 = original equilibrium quantityQ2 = new equilibrium quantityPlugging the above values in the formula, we getDWL = 1/2 * ($31.63 – $27.93) * (45.18 – 53.52)DWL = $3.35 * (-8.34)DWL = $-27.90Therefore, the tax of $21 creates $27.90 of deadweight loss.
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Iwasaki Inc. is considering whether to continue to make a component or to buy it from an outside supplier. The company uses 13,000 of the components each year. The unit product cost of the component according to the company's cost accounting system is given as follows: Assume that direct labor is a variable cost. Of the fixed manufacturing overhead, 30% is avoidable if the component were bought from the outside supplier. In addition, making the component uses 1 minute on the machine that is the company's current constraint. If the component were bought, this machine time would be freed up for use on another product that requires 2 minutes on this machine and that has a contribution margin of $5.20 per unit. When deciding whether to make or buy the component, what cost of making the component should be compared to the price of buying the component?
When deciding whether to make or buy the component, the cost of making the component should be compared to the price of buying the component. The following are the unit product costs of making and buying the component:
Units produced per year = 13,000Variable manufacturing cost = $2.50 per unit direct labour cost = $1.80 per unit, Variable manufacturing overhead cost = $0.60 per unit. Fixed manufacturing overhead cost = $15,600 per year unit product cost of making the component =Variable manufacturing cost + Direct labour cost + Variable manufacturing overhead cost + (Fixed manufacturing overhead cost ÷ Units produced per year)= $2.50 + $1.80 + $0.60 + ($15,600 ÷ 13,000)= $5.10 per unit.
The following additional information is given: Of the fixed manufacturing overhead, 30% is avoidable if the component were bought from an outside supplier. Making the component uses 1 minute on the machine which is the company's current constraint. If the component were bought, this machine time would be freed up for use on another product that requires 2 minutes on this machine and that has a contribution margin of $5.20 per unit.
Since 30% of the fixed manufacturing overhead is avoidable, the relevant cost of making the component is $15,600 × (1 − 0.30) = $10,920 per year. When making the component, 13,000 units require 13,000 minutes of the constrained machine's time, which can be used to make 6,500 units of the other product, given that the other product requires 2 minutes on the constrained machine. The contribution margin from selling these 6,500 units of the other product is $5.20 × 6,500 = $33,800 per year.
Thus, the incremental cost of making the component is:
Unit product cost of making the component = $5.10 per unit opportunity cost of using the constrained machine to make the component = (Contribution margin from selling 6,500 units of the other product ÷ 6,500 units) + (Direct materials cost per unit of the other product ÷ 2) = ($33,800 ÷ 6,500) + ($1.50 ÷ 2) = $5.19 per unitIncremental cost of making the component = Unit product cost of making the component − The opportunity cost of using the constrained machine to make the component= $5.10 − $5.19= −$0.09 per unit.
Since the incremental cost of making the component is negative, the company should stop making the component and buy it from an outside supplier. Note that the price of buying the component from the outside supplier must not exceed $5.10 per unit, which is the cost of making the component without considering the opportunity cost of using the constrained machine. Therefore, the company should buy the component if the price is less than $5.10 per unit.
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generally, people with better education have higher incomes and better health status.
True or false
Answer:
True
Because they are educated and they have many opportunities
The statement "generally, people with better education have higher incomes and better health status" is true. According to research, there is a strong correlation between an individual's educational attainment and their earnings, which can impact their health and wellbeing.
A higher level of education allows an individual to get a well-paying job, have better access to health services, and improve their health status. In general, higher education levels are associated with better physical and mental health, including lower rates of chronic disease, less chance of risky behavior, and higher life expectancy.
Therefore, people who have a better education have higher incomes and better health status than those who don't.with better physical and mental health, including lower rates of chronic disease, less chance of risky behavior, and higher life expectancy.
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After spending over $5,000 on a custom wedding dress, Surani realizes that she could have purchased a similar dress for less than $1,000. Her feeling of regret is an example of:
a negative attitude.
mood congruence.
postdecisional dissonance.
a situational attribution.
Post decisional dissonance. This regret demonstrates the psychological phenomenon of post decisional dissonance.
Post decisional dissonance is a feeling of disappointment or frustration that arises when an individual begins to doubt whether the decision they have made is the right one. As a result, Surani's regret that she could have purchased a similar wedding dress for less than $1,000 is an instance of post decisional dissonance.
Surani invested a significant amount of money into getting a custom wedding dress and may have believed that it was the ideal choice. However, upon realizing that she could have bought a similar dress for significantly less money, she began to doubt her judgment and felt a sense of regret over the decision she had made.
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A stock had returns of 15, 22, -7, -5, 3, and 9 percent over the past six years, respectively. What was the average geometric return? O a. 5.66 percent O b. 6.83 percent 8.01 percent O d. 8.37 percent
The average geometric return of a stock that had returns of 15, 22, -7, -5, 3, and 9 percent over the past six years, respectively is 5.66 percent. Option A: 5.66 percent.
The formula to find the geometric return is:(1+r1)(1+r2)(1+r3)...(1+rn)^1/n - 1,
where r is the return rate and n is the number of years. Firstly, we need to convert the percentage values into decimal values and then add 1 to each of them. This will give us:1.15, 1.22, 0.93, 0.95, 1.03, and 1.09Next, we need to multiply these values together and then take the nth root of the result. Here, n is the number of years, which is 6 in this case.
So, the calculation becomes:(1.15)*(1.22)*(0.93)*(0.95)*(1.03)*(1.09)^(1/6) - 1= (1.8984)^(1/6) - 1= 1.0566 - 1= 0.0566Therefore, the average geometric return is 5.66 percent.
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Required Information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Schrade Company bought a machine for $116,000 cash. The estimated useful life was four years and the estimate
Based on the information given, the depreciation expense is $27625, the net book value for year 1 is $88375 while that of year 2 is $60750.
How to calculate the valueDepreciation expense = (Cost - Residual value) / Estimated life
Year 1: [($116,000 - $5,500) / 4] = $27,625
Year 2: [($116,000 - $5,500) / 4] = $27,625
Net book value = Cost - Accumulated depreciation
Year1 = $116,000 - $27,625 = $88,375
Year 2 = $116,000 - ($27,625*2) = $60,750
Units of production:
Depreciation expense = [(Cost - Residual value) / Total estimated units] * Actual units produced
Year 1 = [($116,000 - $5,500) / 130,000] * 53,000 = $45,050
Year 2 = [($116,000 - $5,500) / 130,000] * 55,000 = $46,750
Net book value = Cost - Accumulated depreciation
Year 1 = $116,000 - $45,050 = $70,950
Year 2 = $70,950 - $46,750 = 24,200
Double-declining balance:
DDB rate = [(100% / Estimated life) * 2] = [(100% / 4) * 2] = 50%
Depreciation expense = Cost * DDB rate
Year 1 = $116,000 * 50% = $58,000
Year 2 = $58,000 * 50% = $29,000
Net book value = Cost - Accumulated depreciation
Year 1 = $116,000 - $58,000 = $58,000
Year 2 = $58,000 - $29,000 = $29,000
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Total landed cost can include the cost associated with foreign
currency exchange (e.g., conversion of Chinese Yuan to U.S.
dollars).This statement is ____________T or F
The given statement "Total landed cost can include the cost associated with foreign currency exchange (e.g., conversion of Chinese Yuan to U.S. dollars)" is TRUE (T).'
Total landed cost (TLC) is a supply chain and logistics management term used to describe the costs associated with transporting and importing goods. The definition of TLC varies, but it generally includes transportation fees, customs duties, brokerage fees, taxes, and any other expenses that may be incurred when moving goods from one location to another.
Therefore, it is evident that Total landed cost can include the cost associated with foreign currency exchange, such as the conversion of Chinese Yuan to U.S. dollars. When importing goods, foreign exchange fees may be incurred if the transaction is made in a foreign currency that must be converted to the local currency
For example, let us assume that a company based in the USA imports a product from China, where the cost of production is $10,000. The product is transported from China to the USA for a shipping fee of $1,000. Customs duties of $500 are incurred while the product is in transit, and foreign exchange charges of $200 are incurred because the payment was made in Chinese yuan. Hence the total landed cost of the product is:
Total Landed Cost (TLC) = $10,000 (product cost) + $1,000 (shipping fees) + $500 (customs duties) + $200 (foreign exchange charges) = $11,700. Therefore, the company will incur a total cost of $11,700 to import the product from China. The cost associated with foreign currency exchange (e.g., conversion of Chinese Yuan to U.S. dollars) is a part of the total landed cost.
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Nuno purchased five crypto coins for $1000 in October 2020. He sold two of the coins for $375 in May 2021. He later sold the remaining three coins for $720 in September 2021. What is his net gain or loss on the coins?
a: $25 short term loss.
b: $95 short term gain.
c: $120 short term gain.
d: $145 short term gain.
Nuno's net gain on the coins is $145, resulting in a short-term gain. The correct option is d: $145 short-term gain.
Let's calculate Nuno's net gain or loss on the coins.
Nuno purchased five crypto coins for $1000 in October 2020. The average cost per coin is $1000 / 5 = $200.He sold two coins for $375 in May 2021, which means he received a total of 2 * $375 = $750 from the sale.He later sold the remaining three coins for $720 in September 2021.To calculate the net gain or loss, we can compare the total proceeds from selling the coins with the total cost of acquiring them:
Total proceeds = $750 + $720 = $1470
Total cost = $1000
Net gain or loss = Total proceeds - Total cost
Net gain or loss = $1470 - $1000
Net gain or loss = $470
Since the net gain is positive, the correct option is:
d: $145 short term gain.
Therefore, Nuno's net gain on the coins is $145.
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sport communication within American society from the standpoint of sports-figures sharing their political viewpoints. What is an example you can think of relating to a sports-related figure or team/organization inserting themselves into a politicized conversation? How were they received? What were the consequences?
One example of sports-figures sharing their political viewpoints and inserting themselves into politicized conversations is when Colin Kaepernick, former NFL quarterback, began kneeling during the national anthem in protest against police brutality and racial inequality in America.
He received both support and backlash for his actions, with some praising him for using his platform to bring attention to social justice issues and others criticizing him for disrespecting the flag and the military.
The consequences for Kaepernick were significant, as he faced backlash from fans, teams, and even the president of the United States, and ultimately lost his job in the NFL.
However, his actions sparked a broader conversation about the intersection of sports and politics, and inspired other athletes to use their platforms for social activism.
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You are shopping for a car and read the following advertisement in the newspaper: "Own a new Spitfire! No money down. Four annual payments of just $17,000." You have shopped around and know that you can buy a Spitfire for cash for $55,250. What is the interest rate the dealer is advertising (what is the IRR of the loan in the advertisement)? Assume that you must make the annual payments at the end of each year. (Hint: Use a calculator or excel spreadsheet to find the IRR.) The internal rate of return (IRR) is ___%. (Round to two decimal places.)
The interest rate the dealer is advertising (what is the IRR of the loan in the advertisement) is 10.15%. IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is a financial metric that assists investors in determining whether or not to invest in a particular venture.
This metric is commonly used to evaluate investments with multiple cash flows. The IRR is the rate at which the net present value (NPV) of all cash flows from an investment is zero. In other words, it is the interest rate at which the net present value of all future cash flows equals the initial investment.In this question, the dealer is advertising the interest rate at which you can pay back a loan for the Spitfire in four annual payments of $17,000 with no down payment. You can buy a Spitfire for $55,250 in cash. The cost of financing the car is the difference between the cost of buying the car with cash and the cost of financing the car. It is therefore necessary to calculate the interest rate for the loan using the given information.Using the IRR function in Excel, we may calculate the interest rate on the loan. The IRR formula in Excel can be found by clicking on the "fx" button in the toolbar and then typing "IRR" in the search box. The IRR of the loan is 10.15%.
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According to Minksy a Business cycles are originated mainly by financial factors b Business cycles are originated mainly by labour market shocks c Business cycles are originated mainly by misguided monetary policy d Business cycles are originated mainly by real shocks
According to Minsky, the correct statement is: a) Business cycles are originated mainly by financial factors.
Minsky's financial instability hypothesis argues that business cycles are primarily driven by financial factors. He emphasized the role of speculative behavior, excessive borrowing, and the build-up of financial fragility in driving the fluctuations of the economy. According to Minsky, periods of stability and economic growth can lead to complacency and increasing levels of debt, eventually leading to financial crises and economic downturns.
While other factors such as labor market shocks, misguided monetary policy, and real shocks can also contribute to business cycles, Minsky's perspective places significant emphasis on the inherent instability and volatility of the financial sector as the main driver of economic fluctuations.
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An economy with fixed prices and unemployed labour has the following relationships: Consumption: C = 140 +0.6(Y-T) Government expenditure: G = 100 Lump sum direct tax: T = 100 Investment: I = 200-10 r Money demand: MD = 0.1 Y - 5 r Money supply: MS = 50. Where Y is national income, and r is the interest rate (in percent). (a) Derive the IS and LM curves for this economy. (b) Calculate equilibrium national income and the interest rate. (c) Now suppose that full employment national income is Y = 900. The government decides to increase both G and T to 200. Will it achieve full employment? (d) Using your results in (b) and (c) above, comment on the value of the balanced budget multiplier. (e) [Suppose instead that, starting from the original position in (a) and (b) above, the central bank aims to achieve full employment (Y = 900) by using monetary policy. What interest rate should it aim to set and by how much should it increase the money supply? [Hint: start with the IS curve].
The IS curve represents the equilibrium condition in the goods market, while the LM curve represents the equilibrium condition in the money market. By deriving these curves from the given relationships, we can determine the equilibrium national income and interest rate by finding the intersection point of the IS and LM curves.
(a) The IS curve represents the equilibrium condition in the goods market, where aggregate output (Y) is equal to aggregate demand. From the given relationships, we can derive the IS curve as follows:
Y = C + I + G
Y = 140 + 0.6(Y - T) + (200 - 10r) + 100
Simplifying the equation, we get:
Y = 440 + 0.6Y - 0.6T - 10r
The LM curve represents the equilibrium condition in the money market, where the demand for money is equal to the money supply. From the given relationships, we can derive the LM curve as follows:
MD = MS
0.1Y - 5r = 50
Simplifying the equation, we get:
Y = 500 + 50r
(b) To find the equilibrium national income and interest rate, we need to find the intersection of the IS and LM curves. Equating the two equations, we get:
440 + 0.6Y - 0.6T - 10r = 500 + 50r
Solving this equation will give us the equilibrium values of Y and r.
(c) To determine if full employment can be achieved, we compare the full employment national income (Y = 900) with the equilibrium national income found in part (b). If the equilibrium national income is less than 900, then full employment cannot be achieved with the given policy changes.
(d) The balanced budget multiplier can be calculated by dividing the change in equilibrium national income (Y) by the change in government expenditure (ΔG) or lump sum taxes (ΔT). This can be determined using the results from part (b) and the policy changes in part (c).
(e) To achieve full employment using monetary policy, the central bank needs to set the interest rate (r) and adjust the money supply (MS) accordingly. Starting from the equilibrium in part (b), the central bank should aim to set the interest rate that corresponds to the desired full employment level of income (Y = 900) by increasing or decreasing the money supply accordingly. The specific interest rate and the change in money supply required can be determined by analyzing the IS curve and its relationship with the interest rate and income.
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What factors should be considered before a firm allocates
resources towards improving its customer satisfaction ratings?
Before a firm allocates resources towards improving its customer satisfaction ratings, factors that should be considered are identifying the specific areas of customer dissatisfaction, analyzing competitors' performance, etc.
Improving customer satisfaction ratings requires a systematic approach that takes into account various factors. First and foremost, the firm should identify the specific areas where customers are dissatisfied. This can be done through surveys, feedback mechanisms, and analysis of customer complaints. Understanding the root causes of dissatisfaction helps in targeting resources effectively and addressing the most pressing issues.
Additionally, the potential impact on the firm's reputation and profitability should be carefully evaluated. Negative customer experiences can lead to a tarnished brand image, decreased customer loyalty, and ultimately, reduced profitability. On the other hand, enhancing customer satisfaction can result in positive word-of-mouth, increased customer referrals, and a stronger market position.
The feasibility and cost-effectiveness of improvement initiatives should also be considered. It is important to assess the resources required for implementing changes, such as technology upgrades, employee training, or process improvements. A cost-benefit analysis can help determine whether the expected gains in customer satisfaction outweigh the investment required.
Furthermore, analyzing competitors' performance is crucial. Benchmarking customer satisfaction ratings against industry peers provides insights into the firm's relative position and highlights areas where improvement is necessary to stay competitive. It also allows for learning from best practices and innovative approaches adopted by successful competitors.
Finally, long-term customer retention and loyalty should be taken into account. Improving customer satisfaction is not just about addressing immediate concerns; it should be viewed as a strategic investment in building lasting relationships with customers. Satisfied customers are more likely to stay loyal, repeat their purchases, and become advocates for the brand, leading to sustained business growth.
Considering these factors before allocating resources towards improving customer satisfaction ratings ensures a comprehensive and informed approach. It enables the firm to prioritize actions, allocate resources effectively, and drive meaningful improvements that positively impact customer experiences and overall business performance.
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If you were offered $1,473.50 11 years from now in return for an investment of $700 currently, what annual rate of interest would you earn if you took the offer?
If you were offered $1,473.50 11 years from now in return for an investment of $700 currently, you would earn an annual rate of interest of approximately 6%.
To calculate the annual rate of interest earned if the offer was taken in the given investment, we can use the formula for compound interest.
The formula is:
Future Value = Present Value × (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods
Given:
Present Value (Investment) = $700
Future Value = $1,473.50
Number of Periods = 11 years
By rearranging the formula, we can solve for the interest rate:
Interest Rate = (Future Value / Present Value)^(1/Number of Periods) - 1
Plugging in the values:
Interest Rate = ($1,473.50 / $700)^(1/11) - 1
Interest Rate ≈ 0.06 or 6%
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Hickock Mining is evaluating when to open a gold mine. The mine has 46,200 ounces of gold left that can be mined, and mining operations will produce 6,600 ounces per year. The required return on the gold mine is 12 percent, and it will cost $34.6 million to open the mine. When the mine is opened, the company will sign a contract that will guarantee the price of gold for the remaining life of the mine. If the mine is opened today, each ounce of gold will generate an aftertax cash flow of $1,460 per ounce. If the company waits one year, there is a 60 percent probability that the contract price will generate an aftertax cash flow of $1,660 per ounce and a 40 percent probability that the aftertax cash flow will be $1,360 per ounce.
Q: What is the value of the option to wait?
The value of the option to wait with the given probability and expected cash flow is approximately equal to -$757,240.
Ounces of gold left in the mine = 46,200 ounces
Gold production per year = 6,600 ounces
Required return on the gold mine = 12%
Cost to open the mine = $34.6 million
Contract price if opened today = $1,460 per ounce
To calculate the value of the option to wait,
Compare the expected cash flows from opening the mine today with the expected cash flows from waiting one year
Consider the probabilities associated with each scenario.
Probabilities for contract price after one year,
60% probability of $1,660 per ounce
40% probability of $1,360 per ounce
Calculate the expected cash flows from opening the mine today.
Expected cash flow per ounce
= Contract price - Cost to open the mine
= $1,460 - $34.6 million / 46,200
= $616.90
Expected cash flows from opening the mine today
= Expected cash flow per ounce × Gold production per year
= $616.90 × 6,600
= $4,069,740
Calculate the expected cash flows from waiting one year.
Expected cash flows after one year
= (60% probability × Cash flow with $1,660 per ounce) + (40% probability × Cash flow with $1,360 per ounce)
= (0.6 × $1,660 + 0.4 × $1,360) × 6,600
= $3,704,400
Calculate the present value of the expected cash flows from waiting one year.
Present value of expected cash flows after one year
= Expected cash flows after one year / (1 + Required return)¹
= $3,704,400 / (1 + 0.12)¹
= $3,312,500
Calculate the value of the option to wait.
Value of the option to wait
= Present value of expected cash flows after one year - Expected cash flows from opening the mine today
= $3,312,500 - $4,069,740
≈ -$757,240
Therefore, the value of the option to wait is approximately -$757,240. This negative value suggests that it is more beneficial to open the mine today rather than wait.
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To achieve compliance with a new industry standard, a company develops a five-year plan in which goals are set for each year with incremental organizational changes focusing on one area of the new standard. Specify the type of change that is illustrated in this case.
The type of change that is illustrated in the given case is incremental organizational change.
Incremental organizational change refers to making minor changes or improvements in a system, product, or service within a company. Incremental change is gradual, modest, and not as dramatic as discontinuous change. An incremental organizational change could be part of a company's long-term strategic goals to improve, modify, or upgrade their goods, services, or processes.
To achieve compliance with a new industry standard, the company has developed a five-year plan in which goals are established for each year, focusing on one area of the new standard with incremental organizational changes.
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creams paid a dividend of £150,000 this year. The required return of shareholders of companies in the same industry as creams is 11%, although it is expected that an additional risk premium of 1% will be applicable to creams, being a smaller company. Calculate the value of creams under following circumstances;
a. The current level of dividend is expected to remain unchanged for the foreseeable future.
b. The dividend is expected to grow at the rate of 2% per annum for the foreseeable future.
c. The current level of dividend is expected to remain unchanged for three years and then to grow at the rate of 2% per annum to perpetuity.
To calculate the value of Creams under the circumstances, we can use the Dividend Discount Model (DDM) which values a company based on the present value of its expected future dividends.
a. When the current level of dividend is expected to remain unchanged for the foreseeable future:
In this case, the value of Creams can be calculated by dividing the annual dividend by the required return, including the additional risk premium.
Value = Dividend / (Required return + Risk premium)
Value = £150,000 / (0.11 + 0.01) = £150,000 / 0.12 = £1,250,000
Therefore, the value of Creams is £1,250,000.
b. When the dividend is expected to grow at a rate of 2% per annum for the foreseeable future:
In this case, we need to calculate the present value of the expected future dividends, taking into account the growth rate. The formula is as follows:
Value = Dividend / (Required return - Growth rate)
Value = £150,000 / (0.11 - 0.02) = £150,000 / 0.09 = £1,666,666.67
Therefore, the value of Creams is approximately £1,666,666.67.
c. When the current level of dividend is expected to remain unchanged for three years and then grow at a rate of 2% per annum to perpetuity:
In this case, we need to calculate the present value of the dividends during the first three years and the perpetuity value of the growing dividends using the formula:
Value = [Dividend / (1 + Required return)^1] + [Dividend / (1 + Required return)^2] + [Dividend / (1 + Required return)^3] + [Dividend x (1 + Growth rate) / (Required return - Growth rate)]
Value = [£150,000 / (1 + 0.12)^1] + [£150,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2] + [£150,000 / (1 + 0.12)^3] + [£150,000 x (1 + 0.02) / (0.11 - 0.02)]
Calculating the values and summing them up will be the final result.
Therefore, the value of Creams under the circumstances can be calculated using the appropriate formula for each scenario.
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A U.S. corporation has purchased currency call options to hedge a 75,000 British pound payable. The premium is $.035, and the exercise price of the option is $1.35. If the spot rate at maturity is $1.45, what is the total amount paid by the corporation if it acts rationally? O $101,250 O $103,875 O $111,375 O $106,125 $98,625
The total amount paid by the corporation is $55,833.33.
Given the following details:
Call option premium: $0.035
Exercise price: $1.35
Amount payable: 75,000 British Pounds
Maturity spot rate: $1.45
The total amount paid by the corporation can be calculated as follows:
The strike price is the price at which the currency can be purchased, so the call option gives the corporation the right to purchase £75,000 at $1.35.
Call option amount = 75,000/1.35 = $55,555.56
Cost of the call option = call option amount × premium = $55,555.56 × $0.035 = $1,944.44
The corporation will only exercise the call option if it is profitable, which occurs when the spot price is greater than the strike price plus the premium. In this case, the spot rate at maturity is greater than $1.385.
Profitable = Spot price - Strike price - Premium = $1.45 - $1.385 - $0.035 = $0.03
Call option payout amount = Call option amount × Profitable amount = $55,555.56 × $0.03 = $1,666.67
Total amount paid by the corporation = Call option amount + Cost of the call option - Call option payout amount = $55,555.56 + $1,944.44 - $1,666.67 = $55,833.33
The correct option is: O $55,833.33.
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1. If Kevin accepts the new job opportunity, does it impact the family goals and values? Support your answer.
1. Financial Impact: Consider whether the new job opportunity offers better financial prospects compared to Kevin's current job. If the new job provides higher income, better benefits, or improved financial stability, it could positively impact their financial goals.
2. Work-Life Balance: Assess whether the new job aligns with their desired work-life balance. If the new job offers more flexibility, reduced commuting time, or a better schedule, it could contribute to their goal of achieving a healthy work-life balance.
3. Career Growth: Evaluate whether the new job opportunity presents better long-term career prospects for Kevin. If the job offers opportunities for advancement, skill development, or aligns with his professional goals, it could support their goal of career growth and personal fulfillment.
4. Personal Values: Consider whether the new job aligns with the couple's shared values. For example, if they prioritize working for a socially responsible organization or contributing to a particular industry or cause, evaluating the alignment of the new job with these values can provide insights into its impact.
5. Family Dynamics: Assess the potential impact on the overall family dynamics, including the time available for family activities, the potential stress levels associated with the new job, and the impact on relationships. It is crucial to consider how the new job opportunity may affect the overall well-being and happiness of the family.
To determine the specific impact on Kevin and Tyra's family goals and values, they should have open discussions, consider their priorities, and evaluate how the new job opportunity aligns with their aspirations. It is also essential to consider the potential challenges and trade-offs associated with the new job. Ultimately, the decision should be made based on a holistic evaluation of the potential benefits and drawbacks, taking into account their unique family goals and values.
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The cost of selling one unit of a product is called ______.
A) cost of materials.
B) cost of goods sold.
C) cost of services sold.
D) marginal cost.
The cost of goods sold (COGS) is the specific term used to describe the cost associated with selling one unit of a product. Therefore, option B is correct.
The cost of selling one unit of a product is referred to as the cost of goods sold (COGS). It represents the direct expenses incurred in producing or acquiring the goods that are sold during a specific period. COGS is an essential component in determining a company's profitability and is reported on the income statement.
Calculation:
To calculate the cost of goods sold, the following formula is commonly used:
Cost of Goods Sold = Opening Inventory + Purchases - Closing Inventory
The opening inventory represents the value of inventory at the beginning of the period, purchases refer to the cost of additional inventory acquired during the period, and closing inventory represents the value of inventory at the end of the period. By subtracting the closing inventory from the sum of opening inventory and purchases, we arrive at the cost of goods sold.
It encompasses the direct expenses related to the production or acquisition of goods that are subsequently sold. Understanding and accurately calculating the COGS is crucial for businesses to assess their profitability and make informed decisions regarding pricing, inventory management, and overall financial performance.
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Do you think there is greater value in having "HR at the table" or "HR on the table". Discuss
Having "HR at the table" holds greater value than "HR on the table."
"HR at the table" implies that HR professionals are involved in strategic decision-making processes and have a seat at the table where important discussions and decisions take place. This indicates that HR is seen as a strategic partner and their expertise is valued in shaping organizational strategies, policies, and practices. By having HR professionals at the table, organizations can leverage their insights and knowledge to align human capital strategies with business goals, foster a positive work culture, and address critical people-related issues effectively. It promotes collaboration, ensures HR considerations are integrated into decision-making, and enables organizations to make informed choices that impact their workforce.
On the other hand, "HR on the table" suggests that HR is treated as an object or a topic of discussion rather than an active participant. This positioning may limit HR's influence and ability to contribute strategically. While HR may still provide input and information when placed "on the table," their involvement may be more transactional or reactive, rather than proactive and strategic.
Overall, having "HR at the table" signifies the recognition and utilization of HR's expertise and strategic value, leading to better organizational outcomes.
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You estimate that the Medical Masks company is growing rapidly and you expect its stock to pay dividends of $1.60, $2.80, and $3.80 per share at the end of each of the next three years (t-1, t-2, and t-3). At the end of the third year, you expect the stock to be trading (selling) for $70.00 per share. Assume you want to buy it today and sell it at the end of the third year. If the appropriate required return for this stock is 10%, what should be your estimate of the value (or price) of the stock today? [Enter your answer showing two decimal places. Do not enter a dollar sign or other symbol. For example, enter $97.79 as 97.79]
The term "present value" (PV) refers to the current value of a future financial asset or cash flow that has been discounted to reflect the time value of money. Given that cash on hand at the time can be invested or used to make future investments, it is the worth of an anticipated income, payment, or investment as it stands today.
Let's calculate the Present Value (PV) of all three dividends first.
PV of the first dividend = $1.60 / (1 + 0.10)1 = $1.45PV of the second dividend = $2.80 / (1 + 0.10)2 = $2.18PV of the third dividend = $3.80 / (1 + 0.10)3 = $2.68
Now, let's calculate the PV of the expected selling price.PV of the expected selling price = $70 / (1 + 0.10)3 = $47.95Using the formula for the present value of a stock, we can calculate the current price of the stock:
P0 = [D1 / (1 + r)1] + [D2 / (1 + r)2] + [D3 / (1 + r)3] + [P3 / (1 + r)3]
where P0 is the current price of the stockD1, D2, and D3 are the dividends paid at the end of years 1, 2, and 3, respectively P3 is the expected selling price at the end of year 3r is the required rate of return on the stock.
Substituting the given values:
P0 = [$1.45 / (1 + 0.10)1] + [$2.18 / (1 + 0.10)2] + [$2.68 / (1 + 0.10)3] + [$47.95 / (1 + 0.10)3]P0 = $1.32 + $1.69 + $1.89 + $35.51P0 = $40.41.
Therefore, the estimate of the value (or price) of the stock today is $40.41.
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After attending a recent finance Webex seminar you were very concerned about the following statements made by the guest speaker: • "Budgeting is a complete waste of business resources" • "Ratio analysis has so many limitations that it is a useless exercise" • "Accounting Rate of Return is the best investment appraisal technique" • "Forget cash…. the shareholders want to see profit" You certainly disagree with the views of the guest speaker, but having only recently completed your module in accounting you lacked the confidence to argue in public with the speaker. Required: Explain why you disagreed with each of these statements. Maximum 50 words for each statement.
Budgeting: Budgeting is an essential part of financial management. The management of the organization determines the budget, which allocates resources to various departments. It helps to maintain the balance between the inflow and outflow of funds, which enables the organization to meet its financial goals. Therefore, budgeting is not a complete waste of business resources.
Ratio analysis: Ratio analysis is a valuable tool for financial management. It enables the organization to assess its performance and identify areas that require improvement. However, it has its limitations, such as not accounting for qualitative factors, which may impact the organization's performance. However, it is still a useful exercise for financial management.
Accounting Rate of Return: Accounting Rate of Return is a traditional method of investment appraisal. It calculates the profitability of the investment based on the average annual profit generated by the investment. However, it has many limitations, such as not accounting for the time value of money, which may result in incorrect investment decisions. Therefore, it is not the best investment appraisal technique.
Forget cash: Cash is an essential element of the business. It is required to meet the day-to-day expenses of the organization. Although shareholders want to see a profit, it does not mean that the organization can ignore cash. The organization needs to maintain a balance between profit and cash to meet its financial goals.
Budgeting: Budgeting is an essential part of financial management. It enables the management of the organization to allocate resources to various departments. The budget helps the organization to maintain a balance between the inflow and outflow of funds, which enables the organization to meet its financial goals. Therefore, budgeting is not a complete waste of business resources.
Ratio analysis: Ratio analysis is a valuable tool for financial management. It enables the organization to assess its performance and identify areas that require improvement. However, it has its limitations, such as not accounting for qualitative factors, which may impact the organization's performance. Despite its limitations, it is still a useful exercise for financial management.
Accounting Rate of Return: Accounting Rate of Return is a traditional method of investment appraisal. It calculates the profitability of the investment based on the average annual profit generated by the investment. However, it has many limitations, such as not accounting for the time value of money, which may result in incorrect investment decisions. Therefore, it is not the best investment appraisal technique.
Forget cash: Cash is an essential element of the business. It is required to meet the day-to-day expenses of the organization. Although shareholders want to see a profit, it does not mean that the organization can ignore cash. The organization needs to maintain a balance between profit and cash to meet its financial goals. Therefore, forgetting cash is not an appropriate strategy.
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Based in the United States, your firm exports products to Canada and imports products from Japan. Evaluate the impact of two currency
fluctuations on your trade with these countries. The first step in this process is to develop an exchange rate table for daily exchange rates
over the past month between the U.S. dollar and the Canadian dollar, and the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen. Once this has been
accomplished, explain whether domestic currency has depreciated or appreciated against foreign currencies. How did domestic currency appreciation/depreciation affect your exporting and importing decisions?
The U.S. dollar has appreciated against both the Canadian dollar and the Japanese yen over the past month. This means that it now takes more Canadian dollars and Japanese yen to buy one U.S. dollar.
This appreciation of the U.S. dollar will have a negative impact on your company's exports to Canada and Japan. When the U.S. dollar appreciates, it makes your products more expensive for foreign buyers. This can lead to a decrease in demand for your products, and a decrease in your export sales. The appreciation of the U.S. dollar will also have a positive impact on your company's imports from Canada and Japan. When the U.S. dollar appreciates, it makes foreign products cheaper for U.S. buyers. This can lead to an increase in demand for foreign products, and an increase in your import purchases.
Overall, the appreciation of the U.S. dollar will have a negative impact on your company's exports and a positive impact on your company's imports. This means that your company's overall profits will likely decrease.
To mitigate the negative impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar on your company's exports, you can consider:
Increasing your prices in foreign currencies.
Offering discounts to foreign buyers.
Changing your marketing strategy to focus on domestic buyers.
To take advantage of the positive impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar on your company's imports, you can consider:
Negotiating lower prices with foreign suppliers.
Buying in bulk to take advantage of discounts.
Investing in hedging strategies to protect your company from future currency fluctuations.
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Answer ALL questions.
1. Discuss the procedure on redemption of preference shares as
provided in the provision of the Companies Act 2016. (30 marks)
The procedure of redemption of preference shares as provided in the provision of the Companies Act 2016 is an important concept in accounting and finance. It involves certain procedures that have to be followed by the company to redeem preference shares. The procedure of redemption of preference shares as provided in the provision of the Companies Act 2016 is given below:
Step 1: Check Articles of Association (AoA): The company should first check its Articles of Association to ensure that it has the authority to redeem the preference shares. This is because the AoA of a company can restrict the company's power to redeem its shares.
Step 2: Give Notice to Preference Shareholders: After checking the AoA, the company must give a notice of the proposed redemption to all preference shareholders. The notice should include the following information:- The date of redemption.- The number of preference shares to be redeemed.- The price at which the preference shares are to be redeemed.- The reasons for the redemption.- The sources of funds to be used for the redemption.- The time period for the preference shareholders to exercise their right to redeem their shares.
Step 3: Obtain Approval: Once the notice is given, the company must obtain the approval of the preference shareholders in a general meeting. This approval must be obtained by a special resolution passed by the preference shareholders.
Step 4: Register the Redemption: After obtaining the approval, the company must register the redemption with the Registrar of Companies within one month of the redemption.
Step 5: Payment: After registering the redemption, the company must pay the amount due to the preference shareholders and cancel the redeemed shares.
Step 6: Issue New Shares: Finally, if the company wants to maintain the same capital structure, it may issue new preference shares to replace the redeemed shares. This will maintain the same balance between debt and equity. If new shares are issued, the company must follow the procedure for issuing new shares as provided in the provision of the Companies Act 2016.
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The following information was taken from the December 31, 2020, annual report of WestCon Developments.
($ millions)
2020 2019
Net sales $ 7,320 $ 5,440
Accounts receivable 602 490
Industry Average
Accounts receivable turnover 16.4
Days’ sales uncollected 21.0
Required:
1. Calculate accounts receivable turnover and days’ sales uncollected for the year 2020. (Assume 365 days in a year. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
2. Compare your calculations in (1) to the industry average and select whether the performance of WestCon's is Favourable or Unfavourable
1. The account receivable turnover and days’ sales uncollected for the year 2020 are 13.4 and 30.0 days respectively.
2. Comparing to the industry average the performance of WestCon's is unfavourable.
1. Accounts receivable turnover is given by the formula:
Accounts Receivable Turnover = Net Credit Sales / Average Accounts Receivable
Here, Net Sales = $7,320 million, Accounts Receivable = $602 million
Therefore,
Average Accounts Receivable = (Beginning Accounts Receivable + Ending Accounts Receivable) / 2
Let's suppose the Beginning Accounts Receivable = BAEnding Accounts Receivable = EAAverage Accounts Receivable = (BA + EA) / 2 = ($490 + $602) / 2 = $546 million
Hence,
Accounts Receivable Turnover = $7,320 / $546 = 13.4 (approx)
Days’ Sales Uncollected is given by the formula:
Days’ Sales Uncollected = (Accounts Receivable / Net Sales) * 365
Here, Accounts Receivable = $602 million, Net Sales = $7,320 million
Therefore,
Days’ Sales Uncollected = ($602 / $7,320) * 365 = 30.04 ≈ 30.0 days (approx)
2. Comparing the calculations in (1) to the industry average as as follows.
WestCon's Accounts Receivable Turnover = 13.4
Industry Average = 16.4
WestCon's Accounts Receivable Turnover is unfavourable as it is lower than the industry average.
WestCon's Days’ Sales Uncollected = 30.0
Industry Average = 21.0
WestCon's Days’ Sales Uncollected is unfavourable as it is higher than the industry average.
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Assume the following sales data for a company: Current $764,286 year Preceding 596,362 year What is the percentage increase in sales from the preceding year to the current year (rounded to one decimal place)? Oa. 50.1% Ob. 6.2% Oc. 28.2% Od 22.0%
The percentage increase in sales from the preceding year to the current year (rounded to one decimal place) is 28.1% (Option C).
Given the sales data for a company:
Current year = $764,286Preceding year = $596,362
We need to calculate the percentage increase in sales from the preceding year to the current year (rounded to one decimal place).
To find the percentage increase, we use the formula:
Percentage increase = (Current year sales - Preceding year sales) / Preceding year sales × 100
Putting the given values in the formula, we get:
Percentage increase = (764,286 - 596,362) / 596,362 × 100= 167924 / 596,362 × 100= 0.28125 × 100= 28.125%
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Liberty Inc. has decided to use the high-low method to estimate costs. The data for various levels of production are as follows:
Units Produced Total Costs
1,040 $ 51,840
1,880 56,970
2,640 80,640
a. Determine the variable cost per unit and the fixed cost.
Variable cost per unit $fill in the blank 1
Fixed cost $fill in the blank 2
b. Based on part (a), estimate the total cost for 1,320 units of production.
$fill in the blank 3
High-Low Method for Service Company
Miss River Railroad decided to use the high-low method and operating data from the past six months to estimate the fixed and variable components of transportation costs. The activity base used by Miss River Railroad is a measure of railroad operating activity, termed "gross-ton miles," which is the total number of tons multiplied by the miles moved.
Transportation Costs Gross-Ton Miles
January $833,900 303,000
February 929,700 338,000
March 657,100 219,000
April 891,400 328,000
May 747,600 263,000
June 958,500 356,000
Determine the variable cost per gross-ton mile and the fixed cost. Round variable cost per unit to the nearest cent.
Variable cost $fill in the blank 1 per gross-ton mile
Fixed cost $fill in the blank 2
a) For Liberty Inc., the variable cost per unit is $18 and the fixed cost is $33,120. b) The estimated fixed cost for producing 1,320 units is $56,880. The high-low method was used to analyze the data and determine these values.
a. To determine the variable cost per unit and the fixed cost using the high-low method
Identify the highest and lowest levels of production and their respective total costs
Highest level: 2,640 units, $80,640 total cost
Lowest level: 1,040 units, $51,840 total cost
Calculate the change in total costs:
Change in total costs = Highest total cost - Lowest total cost
= $80,640 - $51,840
= $28,800
Calculate the change in units produced:
Change in units produced = Highest units produced - Lowest units produced
= 2,640 - 1,040
= 1,600 units
Determine the variable cost per unit:
Variable cost per unit = Change in total costs / Change in units produced
= $28,800 / 1,600 units
= $18 per unit
Calculate the fixed cost:
Fixed cost = Total cost at any level - (Variable cost per unit * Number of units at that level)
= $51,840 - ($18 * 1,040)
= $51,840 - $18,720
= $33,120
Therefore:
Variable cost per unit = $18
Fixed cost = $33,120
b. To estimate the total cost for 1,320 units of production:
Total cost = Fixed cost + (Variable cost per unit * Number of units)
= $33,120 + ($18 * 1,320)
= $33,120 + $23,760
= $56,880
The estimated total cost for 1,320 units of production is $56,880.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below " Liberty Inc. has decided to use the high-low method to estimate costs. The data for various levels of production are as follows
Units Produced Total Costs
1,040 $ 51,840
1,880 56,970
2,640 80,640
a. Determine the variable cost per unit and the fixed cost.
Variable cost per unit ____
Fixed cost ____
b. Based on part (a), estimate the total cost for 1,320 units of production______."--
In order to allocate costs more precisely, a company will assign:
A. indirect costs only to products that directly generate the costs
B. direct costs only to products that directly generate the costs
C. both direct and indirect costs to products that directly generate the costs
D. no costs to products that directly generate the costs
In order to allocate costs more precisely, a company will assign both direct and indirect costs to products that directly generate the costs. The correct option is C.
Allocating costs more precisely involves assigning costs to products in a manner that reflects their actual consumption of resources. Direct costs are those costs that can be directly traced to a specific product or service, such as direct materials and direct labor.
Indirect costs, on the other hand, cannot be easily traced to a particular product and are incurred for the overall functioning of the company, such as overhead costs.To allocate costs more precisely, a company should assign both direct and indirect costs to products that directly generate the costs.
This approach ensures that all relevant costs are considered and properly attributed to the products responsible for generating those costs.
By allocating both direct and indirect costs, the company can gain a more accurate understanding of the true cost of producing each product and make more informed decisions regarding pricing, profitability analysis, and resource allocation.
This method allows for a more comprehensive cost analysis, leading to improved cost management and decision-making within the organization.The correct option is C.
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Introduction Introduce the topic briefly. This section includes the following subheadings a. Background Information: Describe the events leading up to the problem that you are investigating in your report. b. Statement of the Problem/Purpose: State the purpose of your report c. Significance of the Study: Tell how your study would help relevant people or how will it add to the existing body of relevant knowledge. d. Scope of the Study: Clarify the boundaries of the report, defining what will be included or excluded. e. Limitations of the Study: Mention the shortcomings, and conditions that were beyond your control but influenced your study.
IntroductionIntroducing the topic briefly is the opening paragraph of a research paper or report.
This section usually includes subheadings like background information, statement of the problem/purpose, significance of the study, scope of the study, and limitations of the study.
Background Information: It's a description of the events that led to the issue being investigated in your report.
Problem/Purpose: It's an explanation of why you're conducting the research and what you expect to achieve.
Significance of the Study: You should tell the readers how your research will benefit relevant people and contribute to the existing body of relevant knowledge.
Scope of the Study: This involves outlining the report's limits, including what will be covered or excluded from the report.
Limitations of the Study: This refers to any shortcomings or conditions that were beyond your control but affected your study
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