More good deals happen is not a consequence of information asymmetry. The correct answer is d)
Information asymmetry refers to a situation where one party involved in a transaction possesses more information or knowledge than the other party. This imbalance can lead to several consequences.
When there is information asymmetry, the goals of informed and uninformed parties often diverge (a), as the party with more information may have different interests or motivations. Additionally, fewer total transactions occur (b) because the lack of information may discourage parties from engaging in transactions.
Information asymmetry also tends to result in more bad deals happening (c) because the uninformed party may make decisions based on incomplete or inaccurate information, leading to unfavorable outcomes.
It is unlikely that more good deals would happen as a consequence of information asymmetry. In fact, information asymmetry typically hinders the ability to identify and secure favorable deals, as the uninformed party lacks the necessary information to negotiate effectively or make informed decisions. Therefore, option d) is the answer that does not align with the consequences of information asymmetry.
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What is the value of the money multiplier when the required reserve ratio is: (a) 14 percent? (b) 10.5 percent?
(a) The value of the money multiplier when the required reserve ratio is 14 percent is approximately 7.14.
The money multiplier represents the potential increase in the money supply through the fractional reserve banking system. It is calculated as the reciprocal of the required reserve ratio.
Money Multiplier = 1 / Required Reserve Ratio
(a) When the required reserve ratio is 14 percent:
Required Reserve Ratio = 0.14
Money Multiplier = 1 / 0.14 ≈ 7.14
Therefore, the value of the money multiplier when the required reserve ratio is 14 percent is approximately 7.14.
(b) The value of the money multiplier when the required reserve ratio is 10.5 percent is approximately 9.52.
(b) When the required reserve ratio is 10.5 percent:
Required Reserve Ratio = 0.105
Money Multiplier = 1 / 0.105 ≈ 9.52
Therefore, the value of the money multiplier when the required reserve ratio is 10.5 percent is approximately 9.52.
In conclusion, when the required reserve ratio is 14 percent, the money multiplier is approximately 7.14, and when the required reserve ratio is 10.5 percent, the money multiplier is approximately 9.52. These values indicate the potential increase in the money supply through the fractional reserve banking system.
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darrin's auto northern division is currently purchasing a part from an outside supplier. the company's southern division, which has no excess capacity, makes and sells this part for
Darrin's Auto Company has two divisions: the Northern Division and the Southern Division. Currently, the Northern Division is purchasing a part from an external supplier. On the other hand, the Southern Division within the company manufactures and sells the same part.
The decision to purchase the part from an external supplier rather than producing it internally can be influenced by various factors. These factors may include cost considerations, capacity constraints, quality control, and efficiency. If the Southern Division does not have excess capacity or if it is more cost-effective to purchase the part from the external supplier, the company may opt to continue purchasing the part rather than producing it internally.
Ultimately, the decision will depend on a thorough analysis of costs, capacity utilization, quality control, and other relevant factors to determine the most efficient and cost-effective approach for the company.
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you have just borrowed $120,000. the term of the amortized loan is 30 years. you have decided to make monthly payments. if the stated (nominal) annual interest rate is 14.75%, what is the amount of each of the monthly payments? round to the nearest whole dollar.
how much every regularly scheduled installment for the $120,000 credit with a term of 30 years and a yearly loan cost of 14.75% is roughly $1,243.
The calculation is as follows:
P = (r * PV)/(1 - (1 + r)^(- n)) Where:
P is the regularly scheduled installment
r is the month to month financing cost
PV is the current worth or credit sum
n is the all out number of installments
To start with, we want to change over the yearly loan fee to a month to month financing cost. The month to month loan cost can be determined by partitioning the yearly loan fee by 12 and switching it over completely to a decimal: Month to month financing cost = (14.75%/12)/100 = 0.0122916667 Then, we compute the complete number of installments by duplicating the quantity of years by installment 12 (since there are a year in a year):All out number of installments = 30 years * a year/year = 360
Presently, we can plug these qualities into the credit amortization recipe:
P = (0.0122916667 * $120,000)/(1 - (1 + 0.0122916667)^(- 360))
Ascertaining this condition will give us the regularly scheduled installment sum. P ≈ $1,243.66
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One futures contract is traded where both the long and short parties are closing out existing positions. What is the resultant change in the open interest?
a. No change
b. Decrease by one
c. Decrease by two
d. Increase by one
The resultant change in the open interest when both the long and short parties are closing out existing positions is option a, no change.
Open interest represents the total number of outstanding or open futures contracts in the market. It is a measure of the number of contracts that have not yet been offset or fulfilled by delivery or an opposing trade.
When both the long and short parties are closing out their existing positions, it means they are offsetting their contracts by taking opposite actions. For example, if the long party sells their contract and the short party buys it back, the positions cancel each other out.
Since both parties are closing out their positions, there is no net change in the number of outstanding contracts. The open interest remains the same as the contracts are effectively being eliminated from the market. Therefore, the resultant change in the open interest is no change (option a).
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Lucky’ s Automotive produces auto parts for various automotive retailers. Lucky is evaluating the exhaust system division of the company and has come up with the following data for the year: net revenues are $1,200,000, variable costs are $400,000, and fixed costs are $300,000. Of the fixed costs, controllable fixe costs are $100,000 and noncontrollable fixed costs are $200,000.RequiredWhat is the controllable margin and total contribution by profit centre (CPC)?
The controllable margin and total contribution by profit center (CPC) for Lucky's Automotive exhaust system division can be calculated as follows:
Controllable Margin:
Controllable margin is the contribution margin generated by the division after deducting only the controllable fixed costs. It represents the portion of the contribution margin that the division's management has control over.
Controllable Margin = Net Revenues - Variable Costs - Controllable Fixed Costs
Controllable Margin = $1,200,000 - $400,000 - $100,000
Controllable Margin = $700,000
The controllable margin for Lucky's Automotive exhaust system division is $700,000.
Total Contribution by Profit Center (CPC):
Total contribution by profit center (CPC) represents the total contribution margin generated by the division, including both controllable and noncontrollable fixed costs.
Total Contribution by Profit Center (CPC) = Net Revenues - Variable Costs - Fixed Costs
Total Contribution by Profit Center (CPC) = $1,200,000 - $400,000 - $300,000
Total Contribution by Profit Center (CPC) = $500,000
The total contribution by profit center (CPC) for Lucky's Automotive exhaust system division is $500,000.
These calculations help in evaluating the financial performance of the exhaust system division by considering both the controllable and noncontrollable costs.
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he only choice that a perfectly competitive firm can make to affect its profits is to decide the: multiple choice price to charge. profit to make. revenue to earn. quantity of output to produce.
The only choice that a perfectly competitive firm can make to affect its profits is to decide the price to charge. This is because in a perfectly competitive market, the firm is a price taker and has no control over the market price.
Therefore, the firm's profit maximization strategy revolves around selecting the optimal price level.
In a perfectly competitive market, there are numerous buyers and sellers who engage in the exchange of homogeneous products. As a result, each firm has no influence over the market price and must accept the prevailing price as given. The firm's primary goal is to maximize its profits, which is achieved by producing at a level where marginal cost equals marginal revenue.
To determine the quantity of output to produce, a perfectly competitive firm takes into account its cost structure and the market demand. However, the firm cannot directly control the market price or the revenue it earns. Instead, it must set a price based on the market conditions and then determine the quantity to produce at that price. By setting the price, the firm indirectly affects its revenue and subsequently its profits.
The profit-maximizing strategy for a perfectly competitive firm involves selecting a price that maximizes the difference between total revenue and total cost. The firm will continue adjusting its price until it reaches the point where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. At this point, the firm maximizes its profits by producing the corresponding quantity of output. Therefore, the sole choice that a perfectly competitive firm can make to impact its profits is the decision of what price to charge.
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Problem #1 Take the baseline model that we examined in class with constant money supply. The individual's problem in the model results in the optimality conditions = PtC1,t + M1,t Pte1 Pt+1C2,t+1 = M1,t u²(C₁,₁) = (-=-—-_) Bu' (C₂0+1). u' πt+1 1. Substitute the two period budget constraints into the optimal intertemporal con- sumption trade-off condition. This implies a money demand function. Take the total differential of this equation and construct an expression for the derivative dmit What is required for <0? dm1,t dnt+1 dπt+1 2. Construct the goods market clearing condition for this economy's equilibrium. From this, identify an Aggregate Demand equation and an Aggregate Supply equa- tion. dm1,t dπt+1 3. Assume that <0. How does Aggregate Demand change with changes in t+1? How does Aggregate Demand change with variation in T+? 4. How does Aggregate Supply change with changes in T+1? How does Aggregate Supply change with variation in Tt? 5. What would these curves look like if plotted in (Y, T+1) and (Y, Tt) space, respec- tively?
Taking the total differential of this equation allows us to derive an expression for the derivative limit, where <0 indicates the required condition.
The problem described in the question relates to an intertemporal consumption trade-off model with a constant money supply. The first part of the problem asks to substitute the two-period budget constraints into the optimal intertemporal consumption trade-off condition, resulting in a money demand function.
The second part involves constructing the goods market clearing condition for equilibrium in this economy. From this condition, we can identify an Aggregate Demand equation and an Aggregate Supply equation. These equations provide insights into the relationship between changes in money supply, price levels, and output.
Assuming that <0, the third part examines how Aggregate Demand changes with variations in t+1, representing future time periods. It also explores how Aggregate Demand changes with variations in T+, which may represent factors like taxes or government spending.
Moving to the fourth part investigates how Aggregate Supply changes with changes in T+1 and variations in Tt, representing current time periods. These changes reflect the impact of factors such as technology, labor supply, and production costs on the overall supply of goods and services.
In the final part, the question asks about the graphical representation of these curves in (Y, T+1) space and (Y, Tt) space, respectively. Plotting these curves allows for a visual understanding of the relationship between output, price levels, and the variables representing future and current time periods in the model.
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All of the following are examples of accrued liabilities, EXCEPT:
A. Accrued payroll taxes
B. Accrued compensation
C. Accrued interest receivable
D. Accrued taxes payable
The correct answer is C. Accrued interest receivable.
Accrued liabilities are expenses that a company has incurred but has not yet paid or recorded in its books. They represent obligations that are recognized and recorded even though payment has not been made. Accrued liabilities typically arise from expenses such as salaries, wages, taxes, and other financial obligations.
A. Accrued payroll taxes represent the taxes that are withheld from employees' paychecks but have not yet been remitted to the appropriate tax authorities. This is an example of an accrued liability.
B. Accrued compensation refers to wages, salaries, or bonuses that have been earned by employees but have not yet been paid. It is an obligation that the company has incurred but not settled, making it an accrued liability.
C. Accrued interest receivable is not an example of an accrued liability. Instead, it represents the interest income that a company has earned but has not yet received. It is an asset on the company's books, not a liability.
D. Accrued taxes payable represents taxes that have been incurred but have not yet been paid. This can include income taxes, property taxes, or sales taxes that are due but have not been settled. It is a typical example of an accrued liability.
In summary, while options A, B, and D are examples of accrued liabilities, option C (Accrued interest receivable) does not fall under the category of accrued liabilities but rather represents an asset.
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jt engineering wants to buy a machine that costs $158,000, has a 20-year life, and has a $12,000 salvage value. annual inflows are $66,000 and annual outflows are $41,000. jt requires 14% return, which has an annuity present value factor of 6.6231 and a single future amount present value factor of 0.0728. what is the net present value (npv)
Net Present Value (NPV) is a financial metric used to assess the profitability of an investment by comparing the present value of its expected cash inflows to the present value of its cash outflows. It helps determine whether an investment is expected to generate a positive or negative return. Therefore, the net present value (NPV) of the machine investment is $8,144.52.
The Net Present Value (NPV) of the machine investment for JT Engineering can be calculated by subtracting the initial cost of the machine from the present value of its cash inflows and outflows over the 20-year period, taking into account the salvage value and the required return rate.
The NPV formula is:
NPV = Present Value of Cash Inflows - Present Value of Cash Outflows - Initial Cost
The present value of the cash inflows is calculated by multiplying the annual inflow of $66,000 by the annuity present value factor of 6.6231, which gives us $436,273.06.
The present value of the cash outflows is calculated by multiplying the annual outflow of $41,000 by the annuity present value factor of 6.6231, which gives us $271,003.10. The initial cost of the machine is $158,000.
To calculate the salvage value, we multiply the salvage value of $12,000 by the single future amount present value factor of 0.0728, which gives us $874.56.
Now we can calculate the NPV:
NPV = $436,273.06 - $271,003.10 - $158,000 + $874.56
NPV = $8,144.52
Therefore, the net present value (NPV) of the machine investment is $8,144.52.
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Please choose from the lean elements below and describe which would be the most difficult to implement and why: *Please organize answers and will upvote. ***PLEASE DO NOT DEFINE THE CATEGORIES. PLEASE JUST SELECT WHICH ONES ARE DIFFICULT TO IMPLEMENT AND WHY. WILL UPVOTE THE CORRECT ANSWER! (:
-Flexible resources
-Cellular layouts
-Pull systems
-Kanbans
-Small lots
-Quick setups
-Uniform production levels
-Quality at the source
-Total productive maintenance
-Supplier networks
The most difficult element to implement among the given s is likely "Supplier networks."
Implementing efficient and effective supplier networks can be challenging due to several factors.
These challenges include:
1. Relationship Building: Developing strong relationships with suppliers takes time and effort. It involves establishing trust, negotiating contracts, and aligning goals and expectations. Building and maintaining a reliable network of suppliers requires ongoing communication, collaboration, and relationship management.
2. Supply Chain Complexity: In today's globalized market, supply chains can be complex and extensive, involving multiple tiers of suppliers. Coordinating and integrating these various suppliers into a cohesive network can be challenging, especially when dealing with diverse geographical locations, cultural differences, and different business practices.
3. Supply Chain Visibility: Achieving transparency and visibility across the supplier network is crucial for effective coordination and risk management. Obtaining real-time information on inventory levels, lead times, production capacities, and quality metrics from multiple suppliers can be difficult. Implementing systems and processes to ensure data sharing and visibility can be a complex task.
4. Supplier Performance Monitoring: Monitoring the performance of suppliers is essential to ensure consistent quality, on-time delivery, and adherence to contractual agreements. Implementing mechanisms to track and evaluate supplier performance requires setting up performance metrics, conducting regular assessments, and addressing any issues that arise.
5. Supply Chain Disruptions: Supplier networks can be vulnerable to various external disruptions, such as natural disasters, geopolitical conflicts, or economic fluctuations. Developing contingency plans, diversifying suppliers, and ensuring resilience in the face of disruptions are critical but challenging aspects of managing supplier networks.
Overall, implementing efficient supplier networks requires strategic planning, ongoing relationship management, effective communication, and addressing various complexities and challenges within the supply chain.
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Special Order Decision LO13-4 Imperial Jewelers manufactures and sells a gold bracelet for $189.95. The company's accounting system says that the unit product cost for this bracelet is $149.00 as shown below: Direct materials Direct labor Manufacturing overhead Unit product cost $ 84.00 45.00 20.00 $149.00 The members of a wedding party have approached Imperial Jewelers about buying 20 of these gold bracelets for the discounted price of $169.95 cach. The members of the wedding party would like special filigree applied to the bracelets that would increase the direct materials cost per bracelet by $2.00. Imperial Jewelers would also have to buy a special tool for $250 to apply the filigree to the bracelets. The special tool would have no other use once the special order is completed. To analyze this special order opportunity, Imperial Jewelers has determined that most of its manufacturing overhead is fixed and unaffected by variations in how much jewelry is produced in any given period. However, $4.00 of the overhead is variable with respect to the number of bracelets produced. The company also believes that accepting this order would have no effect on its ability to produce and sell jewelry to other customers. Furthermore, the company could fulfill the wedding party's order using its existing manufacturing capacity. Required: 1. What is the financial advantage (disadvantage) of accepting the special order from the wedding party? 2. Should the company accept the special order? EVEDA
To determine the financial advantage or disadvantage of accepting the special order from the wedding party, we need to calculate the incremental costs and revenues associated with the order.
1. Incremental Costs:
Direct materials cost increase per bracelet: $2.00
Cost of special tool: $250
Total incremental costs = (Incremental direct materials cost per bracelet * Number of bracelets) + Cost of special tool
= ($2.00 * 20) + $250
= $40.00 + $250
= $290.00
2. Incremental Revenues:
Selling price per bracelet: $169.95
Total incremental revenues = Selling price per bracelet * Number of bracelets
= $169.95 * 20
= $3,399.00
Total incremental profit = Total incremental revenues - Total incremental costs
= $3,399.00 - $290.00
= $3,109.00
Based on the analysis, the financial advantage of accepting the special order from the wedding party would be a total incremental profit of $3,109.00.
To determine whether the company should accept the special order, further considerations may include factors such as the impact on production capacity, long-term customer relationships, and strategic business goals. However, based solely on the financial advantage, accepting the special order would result in a positive incremental profit, indicating that it may be beneficial for the company to accept the order.
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tour company uses two measures of activity, routes and passengers in its cost formulas used for budgeting and performance evaluation. The cost formula for tour operating costs is $56,840 per month plus $2,886 per route plus $17 per passenger. The company expected in August to perform 87 routes and serve 260 passengers, but the actual activity was 92 routes and 262 passengers. The actual tour operating costs in August was $305,100. The spending variance for tour operating costs in August would be closest to Multiple Choice $21,706 Unfavorable $7,242 Unfavorable $14,464 Favorable O $7,242 Favorable $21,706 Favorable
The spending variance will be: Favorable spending variance = Budgeted Cost - Actual Cost= $312,342 - $305,100= $7,242Hence, the answer is: O $7,242 Favorable.
Spending Variance refers to the difference between actual and budgeted expenditure. It can be calculated in terms of an absolute amount or as a percentage of the budgeted amount. The question is about the spending variance for tour operating costs in August. So, here is the solution for this:Given, the cost formula for tour operating costs is $56,840 per month plus $2,886 per route plus $17 per passenger. The company expected in August to perform 87 routes and serve 260 passengers, but the actual activity was 92 routes and 262 passengers.The company expected cost in August$56,840 (Base Cost) + $2,886 × 87 (for 87 routes) + $17 × 260 (for 260 passengers)= $56,840 + $251,082 + $4,420= $312,342The actual tour operating costs in August was $305,100.
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Partial balance sheet data for Flat Top Company at December 31, 2016, are as follows: Finished goods Inventory $43, 750 Prepaid Insurance 28,000 Accounts receivable 104, 500 Work in process Inventory 158, 750 Supplies 71, 200 Materials inventory 87, 500 Cash 116,000 Prepare the Current Assets section of Flat Top Company's balance sheet at December 31, 2016. Refer to the Labels and Accounts list provided for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries.
The Current Assets section of Flat Top Company's balance sheet at December 31, 2016, includes the following items: Finished Goods Inventory ($43,750), Prepaid Insurance ($28,000).
Accounts Receivable ($104,500), Work in Process Inventory ($158,750), Supplies ($71,200), Materials Inventory ($87,500), and Cash ($116,000).The Current Assets section of a balance sheet represents the assets that are expected to be converted into cash or consumed within one year or the operating cycle of the company, whichever is longer. These assets are listed in the order of their liquidity, with the most liquid assets listed first.
In the case of Flat Top Company at December 31, 2016, the Current Assets section includes several items. Finished Goods Inventory represents the value of completed products that are ready for sale. Prepaid Insurance represents the portion of insurance premiums paid in advance for coverage that extends beyond the current year. Accounts Receivable represents amounts owed to the company by customers for goods or services provided on credit. Work in Process Inventory represents the value of partially completed products that are still in the production process. Supplies represent items held for use in the company's operations, such as office supplies or manufacturing materials. Materials Inventory represents the value of raw materials held by the company for use in production. Lastly, Cash represents the amount of money available in the company's bank accounts or in the form of cash on hand.
These current assets play a crucial role in the company's day-to-day operations. They ensure that the company has sufficient resources to meet its short-term obligations and continue its business activities. The values of these assets are important for assessing the company's liquidity, financial health, and ability to generate cash flow.
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ABC Ltd. is preparing a budget for 2018. Following are the information related to budget preparation: (CH 10, 2.5 Marks) Budgeted selling price per unit SAR 200 per unit Total fixed costs SAR 250,000 Variable costs SAR 65 per unit Required: Prepare flexible budget for 2,000, 2,500, 3,000 and 3,500 units.
To prepare a flexible budget for ABC Ltd., we need to calculate the total costs for each level of activity. The fixed costs are the same regardless of the level of activity, while the variable costs increase with the level of activity is SAR 477,500.
Given information:
Budgeted selling price = SAR 200 per unit
Total fixed costs = SAR 250,000Variable costs = SAR 65 per unitFlexible budget for 2,000 units:
Total variable costs = 2,000 units x SAR 65 per unit
Total variable costs = SAR 130,000.Total costs = Total fixed costs + Total variable costs
Total costs = SAR 250,000 + SAR 130,000
Total costs = SAR 380,000.Flexible budget for 2,500 units:
Total variable costs = 2,500 units x SAR 65 per unit = SAR 162,500
Total costs = Total fixed costs + Total variable costs
Total costs = SAR 250,000 + SAR 162,500
Total costs = SAR 412,500Flexible budget for 3,000 units:
Total variable costs = 3,000 units x SAR 65 per unit
Total variable costs = SAR 195,000
Total costs = Total fixed costs + Total variable costs
Total costs = SAR 250,000 + SAR 195,000
Total costs = SAR 445,000Flexible budget for 3,500 units:
Total variable costs = 3,500 units x SAR 65 per unit
Total variable costs = SAR 227,500Total costs = Total fixed costs + Total variable costs
Total costs = SAR 250,000 + SAR 227,500
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Which of the following is a key marketing strategy of the growth phase of a product life cycle?
O Building awareness
O Considering terminating the product
O Targeting competitors
O Reinforcing brand positioning
Reinforcing brand positioning is a key marketing strategy of the growth phase of a product life cycle.
During the growth phase, a product has gained momentum and is experiencing increased sales and market share. To sustain this growth, reinforcing brand positioning is crucial. This strategy involves consistently communicating the unique value proposition of the product to customers and solidifying its position in the market. It may include emphasizing key features, highlighting customer benefits, showcasing success stories, and differentiating the product from competitors. By reinforcing brand positioning, companies can maintain and expand their customer base, build brand loyalty, and establish a strong market presence to further drive growth in the product life cycle.
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_____ include resellers, marketing service agencies, and financial firms that help a company to promote and sei
O A. Suppliers
• B. Advertising agencies
O c. Marketing intermediaries
• D. Intelligence firms
Marketing intermediaries include resellers, marketing service agencies, and financial firms that help a company to promote and sell its products or services. The correct option is c.
Marketing intermediaries play a crucial role in the marketing process by providing valuable services and expertise to companies. Resellers, such as retailers or wholesalers, help distribute products to the final consumers. They have established distribution channels and can reach a wider customer base. Marketing service agencies, on the other hand, offer specialized marketing services like advertising, public relations, market research, and digital marketing.
These agencies have the expertise and resources to create effective marketing campaigns and reach the target audience. Financial firms, such as banks or credit companies, may provide financing options or payment solutions to customers, making it easier for them to purchase the company's products or services.
Overall, marketing intermediaries are essential partners for companies, as they help expand their reach, increase brand visibility, and facilitate the sales process through their specialized services and networks.
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the company's manufacturing overhead cost is mostly fixed. only 30% of manufacturing overhead varies with the number of units of tk-15 produced. the special order will require customizing the tk-15s for an additional direct materials cost of $6 per unit and an additional direct labor cost of $4 per unit. if sor-458 accepts the special order, the company will have to lease special equipment at a cost of $121,000 to do the customization. the company has sufficient excess capacity, and the special order would not affect the company's regular production and sales. what is the minimum (i.e., the break-even) sales price that the company should charge per unit of the customized tk-15 for this special order?
Hence, the minimum (i.e., the break-even) sales price that the company should charge per unit of the customized TK-15 for this special order is $165.50.
The total cost to manufacture one unit of the customized TK-15 is computed as follows:
Direct materials cost = $68 + $6 = $74.
Direct labor cost = $51 + $4 = $55.
Variable overhead cost = $55 x 30% = $16.50.
Fixed manufacturing overhead cost = $325,000 ÷ 16,250 units = $20 per unit.
Total manufacturing cost = $74 + $55 + $16.50 + $20 = $165.50.
Based on the above data, the minimum (i.e., the break-even) sales price that the company should charge per unit of the customized TK-15 for this special order is $165.50.
Explanation: Given:
Direct materials cost per unit = $68
Additional direct materials cost per unit = $6
Direct labor cost per unit = $51
Additional direct labor cost per unit = $4
Variable overhead cost per unit = 30% of direct labor cost
Fixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit = $325,000 ÷ 16,250 units = $20 per unit.
Lease cost = $121,000Number of units = 5,000
We have to determine the minimum sales price that the company should charge per unit to break-even.
Step 1: Calculation of variable overhead cost per unit
Variable overhead cost = 30% of direct labor cost
Variable overhead cost per unit = 30% of $51 = $15.30
Step 2: Calculation of manufacturing cost per unit
Manufacturing cost per unit = Direct materials cost per unit + Direct labor cost per unit + Variable overhead cost per unit + Fixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit+ Lease cost per unit
Manufacturing cost per unit = $68 + $6 + $51 + $4 + $15.30 + $20 + ($121,000 ÷ 16,250)
Manufacturing cost per unit = $165.50
Step 3: Calculation of minimum sales price per unit
Minimum sales price per unit = Manufacturing cost per unit
Minimum sales price per unit = $165.50
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SHARQ is considering replacing an old Air Pressure Supply System. The old system has an economic service life of two years with annual equivalent cost of SR21.145. The challenger has an economic service life of 5 years with annual equivalent cost of SR25,845. SHARQ's MARR is 10%. The expected market value and operating cost of the of machine are given in the table: SHARQ is considering replacing an old Air Pressure Supply System. The old system has an economic service life of two years with annual equivalent cost of SR21.145. The challenger has an economic service life of 5 years with annual equivalent cost of SR25,845. SHARQ's MARR is 10%. The expected market value and operating cost of the of machine are given in the table: SABIC is interested in manufacturing equipment. The initial cost of the machine is 90,000. The installation of the machine costs 6,000. It is expected to generate annual saving of 35,000 during the first year of operation. The saving will increase at 8% per year over the year before. The machine can be used for 10 years with 10,000 as the salvage value. The machine operates 4000 hours per year. SABIC's MARR is 12%. The equivalent saving per working hour is approximately equal to None of the other answers 7.56 per hour 7.38 per hour 11.80 per hour.
The correct option is None of the other answers.
Equivalent saving per working hour is:First-year savings = 35,000The machine saving increases by 8% over the year before.So, Second-year saving will be = First-year savings * 1.08 = 35,000 * 1.08 = 37,800Third-year saving will be = Second-year savings * 1.08 = 37,800 * 1.08 = 40,824 and so on…Tenth-year savings = 35,000 * (1.08)⁹ = 92,715
The present worth of annuity of savings is:PW = A × \[\frac{1-\frac{1}{(1+i)^n}}{i}\]where A = annual savings = 35,000i = interest rate = 12%n = number of years = 10PW = 35,000 × \[\frac{1-\frac{1}{(1+0.12)^{10}}}{0.12}\]= 246,550.5PV of the initial cost = 90,000 + 6,000 = 96,000.PV of the salvage value = 10,000
The present worth of the machine is:P = PW - (PV of initial cost - PV of salvage value)P = 246,550.5 - (96,000 - 10,000)P = 160,550.5The total working hours of the machine for 10 years will be = 4000 x 10 = 40000Equivalent saving per working hour is:\[\frac{160,550.5}{40000} = 4.0138\]≈ 4.01The equivalent saving per working hour is approximately equal to 4.01.
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What is corporate social reporting? LO 3.10. 9. Why would firms voluntarily present certain information, such as information about their performance with regard to the environment? LO 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13.. O If firms are voluntarily producing information about the environment about their initiatives with respect to their
Corporate social reporting refers to the process of disclosing information about a company's social, environmental, and economic impact to stakeholders.
Firms voluntarily present certain information, such as their environmental performance, to demonstrate their commitment to sustainability, transparency, and accountability. This disclosure helps build trust with stakeholders, attracts socially responsible investors, enhances the company's reputation, and may align with regulatory expectations and societal demands for businesses to address environmental and social issues. It also enables stakeholders to make informed decisions and encourages responsible business practices.
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6. Which of the following is not true? Understanding the life cycle of organizations can help managers to recognize likely challenges and form effective strategies to counter those challenges. O The organizational life cycle model describes different stages that organizations tend to pass through. Every organization experiences the same crises in the order outlined in life cycle models. O In the organizational life cycle model, organizations tend to have similar structures and features at each stage. 7. Which of the following is a challenge existing at the collectivity stage of the organizational life cycle? The need for strong leadership The need to delegate responsibility The need for a clear vision The need for establishing an organizational culture aded Quiz 30 min 8. All of the following are typically true when an organization relies on hierarchy, EXCEPT: It coordinates people's efforts within the hierarchy. It encourages managers to coordinate horizontally across units. O It can make decision-making too centralized and so can slow down the process. It can make decision-making too centralized and so make the organization unresponsive. O It can make organizational units work as "silos." 9. Direct contact across units tends to work better for sharing information than for influencing decisions. True False 10. As organizations become more like rational systems, they tend to become more adaptive to changes in the external environment. True False
The statement "Every organization experiences the same crises in the order outlined in life cycle models" is not true.
While the organizational life cycle model describes different stages that organizations generally go through and provides insights into their challenges and strategies, it does not suggest that all organizations experience the same crises in a fixed order. Each organization's journey is unique, and the specific challenges they face may vary based on factors such as industry, size, and market conditions.
In the organizational life cycle model, organizations tend to have similar structures and features at each stage. This understanding helps managers recognize likely challenges and develop effective strategies to address them. However, the specific crises and their order of occurrence can differ between organizations.
Therefore, it is important for managers to adapt their strategies and decision-making based on their organization's specific context and challenges rather than assuming a predetermined sequence of crises based on the life cycle model.
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a company forecasts the following free cash flows (shown in millions of dollars). if the weighted average cost of capital is 13% and the free cash flows are expected to continue to grow at the same rate (g
A company has forecasted a series of future free cash flows (in millions of dollars). Assuming a weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 13% and a constant growth rate (g) for the cash flows, the present value of these cash flows can be calculated to determine the intrinsic value of the company.
To determine the intrinsic value of the company, the forecasted free cash flows need to be discounted to their present value. The discounting is done using the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), which represents the average rate of return required by the company's investors. The formula used to calculate the present value of the cash flows is the discounted cash flow (DCF) formula, which takes into account the WACC and the growth rate. The DCF formula is as follows:
PV = FCF / (WACC - g)
Where PV is the present value of the cash flows, FCF is the free cash flow in a specific period, WACC is the weighted average cost of capital, and g is the growth rate of the cash flows. By applying the DCF formula to each forecasted cash flow and summing up the present values, the intrinsic value of the company can be determined. This value represents the estimated worth of the company based on its future cash flows and the required rate of return by its investors.
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Which one of the following is not true about the earned income tax credit (EITC)?
a. Taxpayers cannot claim an EITC if they have earned foreign income
b. Taxpayers cannot claim an EITC if their investment income exceeds a certain amount
c. Each dependent of a taxpayer claiming an EITC must have Social Security numbers
d. The EITC is not meant to transfer money to low income taxpayers through the federal tax system
The statement that is not true about the earned income tax credit (EITC) is: "The EITC is not meant to transfer money to low-income taxpayers through the federal tax system." Option d is the false statement.
The EITC is specifically designed to provide financial assistance to low-income taxpayers through the federal tax system. It is a refundable tax credit that helps boost the income of working individuals and families with low to moderate incomes. The credit amount is based on earned income and the number of qualifying children in the household.
Option a is true as taxpayers cannot claim the EITC if they have earned foreign income. Option b is also true as there are income limits and thresholds for investment income that can affect eligibility for the EITC. Option c is true as each dependent claimed for the EITC must have a valid Social Security number.
In summary, the incorrect statement is option d, as the EITC is indeed intended to transfer money to low-income taxpayers through the federal tax system.
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Audit documentation should be prepared in enough detail so that an experienced auditor who has no previous connection with the audit can understand the procedures performed and the evidence obtained. true or false
True. Audit documentation should be prepared in sufficient detail to ensure that an experienced auditor, who has no prior knowledge of the audit, can understand the procedures performed and the evidence obtained.
Audit documentation serves as a crucial record of the audit procedures, evidence obtained, and conclusions reached by the auditor. It should provide a clear and comprehensive overview of the audit work performed, allowing another auditor to review and understand the nature, timing, and extent of the procedures. This level of detail is important for several reasons. First, it supports the auditor's accountability by demonstrating the rationale behind the audit work and the basis for the conclusions drawn.
Second, it facilitates peer review and quality control processes within the auditing profession. Finally, it ensures continuity and consistency in audits, especially when there is a need for a different auditor to take over or when audits are subject to regulatory or legal scrutiny. Therefore, preparing audit documentation in sufficient detail is a fundamental requirement for maintaining the integrity and reliability of the audit process.
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there is substantial evidence to conclude that there is a very tight link between being a developing country and being an exporter of primary products.
true or false
True. There is substantial evidence to conclude that there is a very tight link between being a developing country and being an exporter of primary products.
Developing countries often rely heavily on the export of primary products such as agricultural goods, minerals, and natural resources. This is primarily due to factors such as comparative advantage, limited industrialization, and lower levels of technological advancement. Developing countries often have abundant natural resources and agricultural land, which makes the production and export of primary products a viable economic strategy. Additionally, developing countries may face challenges in terms of infrastructure, technology, and access to markets, which can further reinforce their reliance on primary product exports. However, it is important to note that not all developing countries are solely dependent on primary product exports, and some may have diversified economies with a mix of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. Nonetheless, the link between being a developing country and relying on primary product exports is a commonly observed trend.
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FILL THE BLANK. The following transactions occurred during June 2020 for Rashid Est. June 1: Invested BD64,000 cash in the business. June 8 : Purchased supplies for BD3,250 from Nader Est on credit. June 16: Performed services to customer Salem for BD9,200 on account. June 20: Paid balance due to creditor Nader Est. June 23: Received BD4,200 from customer Salem. June 27: Paid BD1,700 cash for electricity. June 30: Rashid withdrew BD2,400 cash for personal use. Required: Prepare the Journal entry for June 23 transactions, like this example: BD ................... Dr: ==== Cr: BD (2 Points) Enter your answer
In June 2020, Rashid Est had several transactions. The task is to prepare the journal entry for the June 23 transaction. This transaction involves receiving BD4,200 from customer Salem.
The journal entry should correctly record the increase in cash due to the receipt of payment. The entry will follow the standard format of debiting the appropriate account and crediting the corresponding account.
The journal entry for the June 23 transaction, where Rashid Est received BD4,200 from customer Salem, would be as follows:
Dr: Cash (BD4,200)
Cr: Accounts Receivable - Salem (BD4,200)
In this entry, we debit the Cash account because the company is receiving cash, which increases the asset. The credit is made to the Accounts Receivable - Salem account, as it represents the reduction in the amount owed by the customer. By recording this transaction accurately in the journal entry, the company maintains proper records of its financial activities and ensures the accuracy of its accounts.
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which of the following is true of organizational behavior? multiple choice it examines the relationship between firm diversification and firm profitability. it examines the best ways to structure training programs to promote employee learning. it is concerned with the application of the theories and principles established in management studies in organizations. it is a field of study devoted to understanding the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations. it focuses on the product choices and industry characteristics that affect an organization's profitability.
Therefore, the option that is true of organizational behavior is: it is a field of study devoted to understanding the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations. option c.
Organizational behavior is a field of study devoted to understanding the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations. This field of study is concerned with the application of the theories and principles established in management studies in organizations. The subject studies the behavior of people at work and how it affects organizational performance, effectiveness, and efficiency.
Organizational behavior researchers examine topics such as leadership, motivation, teamwork, communication, and conflict management. They are interested in how employees interact with each other, how managers can lead effectively, and how organizations can create an environment that fosters innovation and productivity.
Organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary field that draws on theories and concepts from psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, and management.
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Problem 4: Bond interest and premium amortization (Ch.14, 25points) On January 1, 2020, the X Corp. issued five-year bonds with a face value of $4,500,000 and stated interest rate of 10%, payable semiannually on June 30 and December 31. The bonds were sold to yield (market rate) of 14% and the issuance cost was ignored. Required: a. Calculate the price of bonds. (Show your work. 5 points) b. Prepare the journal entries and schedule of bonds discount amortization table for 2020 with the effective interest method, assuming that amortization is recorded on interest payment dates. (Show your work. 10 points) c. Prepare the journal entries and schedule of bonds discount amortization table for 2020 with the straight-line method assuming that amortization is recorded on interest payment dates. (Show your work. 10 points)
The correct option is b. a. Calculation of the price of bonds: Par value = $4,500,000Stated rate = 10%Semiannual interest = 10% × $4,500,000 × 1/2 = $225,000Number of semiannual periods = 5 × 2 = 10
Market rate = 14%Semiannual market rate = 14% × 1/2 = 7%Price of the bonds = PV of Interest Payments + PV of Principal Payment PV of Interest Payments = $225,000 x [1 – 1 / (1 + 0.07)10] / 0.07 = $1,501,882.19 PV of Principal Payment = $4,500,000 / (1 + 0.07)10 = $1,496,352.23Price of bonds = $1,501,882.19 + $1,496,352.23 = $2,998,234.42Therefore, the price of bonds is $2,998,234.42.b. Journal entries and schedule of bonds discount amortization table for 2020 with the effective interest method, assuming that amortization is recorded on interest payment dates: The following table shows the bond amortization schedule of discount using the effective interest method:PeriodBeginningCarryingDiscountInterestPrincipalEnding1$2,998,234.42$501,765.58$210,284.41$315,000.00$85,715.5922,912,518.83 415,049.97 259,064.38 315,000.00 55,935.6243,856,583.21 258,166.62 305,947.73 315,000.00 9,052.2744,865,635.84 249,114.00 315,000.00 315,000.00 -0-Total$1,424,095.981. Prepare journal entries for 2020:1) On January 1, 2020, the corporation should record the proceeds received from the issuance of bonds as follows:Cash $2,998,234.42Bonds payable $2,998,234.42(To record the issuance of bonds at discount)2) On June 30, 2020, the corporation should record the payment of interest and bond discount amortization as follows:Interest expense $210,284.41Discount on bonds payable $105,000.00Cash $315,284.41(To record the payment of interest and bond discount amortization)3) On December 31, 2020, the corporation should record the payment of interest and bond discount amortization as follows: Interest expense $259,064.38Discount on bonds payable $56,935.62Cash $315,000.00(To record the payment of interest and bond discount amortization)
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On January 1, 20X5, Pond Corporation acquired 80 percent of Skate Company’s stock by issuing common stock with a fair value of $180,000. At that date, Skate reported net assets of $150,000. The fair value of the noncontrolling interest was $45,000. Assume Pond uses the fully-adjusted equity method. The balance sheets for Pond and Skate at January 1, 20X8, and December 31, 20X8, and income statements for 20X8 were reported as follows:
Given that Pond Corporation acquired 80 percent of Skate Company’s stock on January 1, 20X5, by issuing common stock with a fair value of $180,000. At that date, Skate reported net assets of $150,000. The fair value of the noncontrolling interest was $45,000, and Pond uses the fully-adjusted equity method.
The following are the balance sheets for Pond and Skate at January 1, 20X8, and December 31, 20X8:Balance Sheet (January 1, 20X8): Pond Corporation ($ in thousands)AssetsLiabilities and EquityCash and Receivables$100Liabilities$200Inventory$300Common Stock$450Land$200Retained Earnings$50Total$600Total$600Skate Company ($ in thousands)AssetsLiabilities and EquityCash and Receivables$50Liabilities$200Inventory$150Common Stock$250Land$200Retained Earnings$50Total$400Total$400Balance Sheet (December 31, 20X8): Pond Corporation ($ in thousands)AssetsLiabilities and EquityCash and Receivables$150Liabilities$250Inventory$250Common Stock$600Land$200Retained Earnings$100Total$800Total$800Skate Company ($ in thousands)AssetsLiabilities and EquityCash and Receivables$80Liabilities$200Inventory$200Common Stock$350Land$200Retained Earnings$50Total$530Total$530Income Statement (20X8): Pond Corporation ($ in thousands)Sales$1,000Cost of Goods Sold$500Gross Profit$500Operating Expenses$(150)Net Income$350Skate Company ($ in thousands)Sales$400Cost of Goods Sold$220Gross Profit$180Operating Expenses$(75)Net Income$105Now, let's determine the amount of income that Pond should report for 20X8, assuming the fully adjusted equity method is used.Pond Corporation's 20X8 sales were $1,000, and the cost of goods sold was $500. Thus, the gross profit was $500. Pond's 80 percent share of Skate's gross profit was $144 ($180 × 0.80). Skate's operating expenses were $75, of which Pond's share is $60 ($75 × 0.80).Therefore, the equity income from Skate was $84 ($144 - $60).Thus, the total income to be reported by Pond is $434 ($350 + $84).
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FILL IN THE BLANK. As the price level falls, the purchasing power of households' real wealth will _____ , causing the quantity of output demanded to _____. This phenomenon is known as the ______ effect.
As the price level falls, the purchasing power of households' real wealth will increase, causing the quantity of output demanded to increase. This phenomenon is known as the real wealth effect.
When the price level falls, the value of money increases. This means that households can buy more goods and services with the same amount of money. This increase in purchasing power leads to an increase in the demand for goods and services. The real wealth effect is one of the reasons why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward. When the price level falls, the real wealth effect causes the aggregate demand curve to shift to the right. This means that at any given price level, there is a higher quantity of output demanded.
The real wealth effect is a powerful force in the economy. It can have a significant impact on economic growth and inflation. As the price level falls, the purchasing power of households' real wealth will increase, causing the quantity of output demanded to increase. This phenomenon is known as the real wealth effect. The real wealth effect is a powerful force in the economy. It can have a significant impact on economic growth and inflation.
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QUESTION 2
a. Briefly explain THREE (3) roles of the Board of Directors in planning, evaluation and control of strategic management.
b. With the aid of a diagram, discuss THREE (3) activities in a strategy evaluation framework.
The Board of Directors guide and oversee the strategic planning process and ensure that it aligns with the company's long-term goals and objectives.
To evaluate the progress of the company in achieving its strategic objectives by analyzing performance data and assessing the effectiveness of strategic initiatives.
To monitor and control the implementation of strategic plans to ensure that they are executed effectively and efficiently and that resources are allocated appropriately.
Here's a diagram for a strategy evaluation framework that describes three activities: Plan, Evaluate, and Adapt. Let's take a look at each one in more detail:
Plan: In this phase, the organization establishes the strategic plan and goals, as well as the metrics and performance measures used to assess progress toward those goals. This stage establishes the foundation for ongoing strategy evaluation and control.
Evaluate: This phase is about measuring progress and comparing actual performance to planned performance. It involves the identification of strengths and weaknesses, as well as any potential gaps between planned and actual performance.
Adapt: The final stage of the strategy evaluation process is to take corrective action based on the results of the evaluation process. This involves adjusting the strategic plan and making changes to the company's approach to achieving its goals. The goal of this phase is to continuously improve the organization's performance and ensure that it is able to adapt to changing circumstances.
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