Option B, is that metrics do not provide any real value unless they can be measured.
Metrics can be defined as quantitative measures used to track and assess the performance of a specific process, system, or activity. They are used to measure and monitor various aspects of performance, such as quality, efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity.
However, it is essential to note that metrics do not provide any real value unless they can be measured. This means that metrics must be quantifiable, specific, and measurable. In other words, metrics must have a clearly defined baseline, a target, and a way to measure progress toward the target. Without these elements, metrics become meaningless and provide no real value.
In summary, the answer to this question is option B. Metrics do not provide any real value unless they can be measured.
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South Inc. is projected to have earnings per share (EPS) of $4.60 next year (at t=1) and they are expected to pay a cash dividend of $3.10 at that same time. Earnings and dividends are expected to grow at 7.0% per year for the foreseeable future. The current price of South Inc. stock is $58.25 per share. What is the required rate of return for South Inc. equity or stock? [Enter your answer in percent form, but do not show a percent sign (%). For example: for 11.5%, enter 11.5]
The required rate of return for South Inc. equity or stock is 13.95%.
To calculate the required rate of return, we can use the Gordon Growth Model, which assumes that the stock price is the present value of all future dividends. The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is:
[tex]\(\text{Price} = \frac{\text{Dividend}}{\text{Rate of Return} - \text{Growth Rate}}\)[/tex]
Using the given information:
Dividend = $3.10
Growth Rate = 7.0%
Price = $58.25
We can rearrange the formula to solve for the rate of return:
[tex]\(\text{Rate of Return} = \frac{\text{Dividend}}{\text{Price}} + \text{Growth Rate}\)[/tex]
Substituting the values:
[tex]\(\text{Rate of Return} = \frac{3.10}{58.25} + 0.07\)[/tex]
[tex]\(\text{Rate of Return} = 0.0532 + 0.07\)[/tex]
[tex]\(\text{Rate of Return} = 0.1232\)[/tex]
Converting to percent form, the required rate of return for South Inc. equity or stock is 12.32%.
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Suppose there are only two periods, period 0 and period 1, and three possible states of the world in period 1: a good weather state, a fair weather state, and a bad weather state. Apples are the only product produced in this world, and they cannot be stored from one period to the next. The following abbreviations will be used: PA = apple in the present period (i.e., present apple), GA = good weather apple in the next period, FA = fair weather apple in the next period, BA = bad weather apple in the next period. Suppose that an apple tree firm offers for sale a bond and stock: • The apple tree produces 160 GA, 100 FA, and 50 BA. • The bond pays 40 GA, 40 FA and 40 BA. • The stock pays 120 GA, 60 FA and 10 BA. In addition, securities C, D, and E are available • Security C pays 140 GA, 80 FA, and 30 BA. • Security D pays 60 GA, 30 FA, and 5 BA. • Security E pays 80 GA, 20 FA, and 0 BA. The arbitrage-free price of the bond is 32 PA, and the arbitrage-free price of the stock is 44 PA. Securities C, D, and E are also priced fairly at 60 PA, 22 PA, and 20 PA, respectively. There are no arbitrage opportunities in this market. Note: if you compute the determinant using computer, you may have not an exact result due to numerical accuracy. For instance, if the true answer is 0, you may get a very small number instead but not exactly 0. Round your answers to 4 decimal digits. a) Are the stock, bond, and security C payoffs linearly independent? b) Find the price of the fair weather atomic security. c) Is the market complete? d) Calculate the arbitrage-free price of the apple tree?
a) The payoffs of the stock, bond, security C, security D, and security E are linearly independent. ; b) The price of the fair weather atomic security is 17.2727. ; c) There are only 5 assets, the market is incomplete. ; d) The arbitrage-free price of the apple tree is 7.2727.
a) Linear independence:
The payoffs of the stock, bond, and security C are not linearly independent because:
2 × 120 GA − 2 × 40 GA = 160 GA = 1 × 160 GA.
Also, the payoffs of the fair weather state and the bad weather state for security D and security E are linearly independent from the payoffs of the stock and bond.
Therefore, the payoffs of the stock, bond, security C, security D, and security E are linearly independent.
b) Price of fair weather atomic security
Let PFA be the price of the fair weather atomic security. Then, based on the information provided and using the formula for the arbitrage-free price, we have:
40 GA + 60 FA + 10 BA = 32 PA + PFA
120 GA + 60 FA + 10 BA = 44 PA
PFA = 17.2727 PA ≈ 17.2727 (4 d.p.)
Therefore, the price of the fair weather atomic security is approximately 17.2727.
c) Market completeness
The number of assets in the market is 5, and the number of states in each period is 3.
Therefore, the number of contingent claims is 3 × 3 = 9.
Since there are only 5 assets, the market is incomplete.
d) Arbitrage-free price of the apple treeLet P be the arbitrage-free price of the apple tree.
Then, based on the information provided and using the formula for the arbitrage-free price, we have:
160 GA + 100 FA + 50
BA = 40 P + 120
P60 GA + 30
FA + 5 BA = 40 P + 60
P80 GA + 20 FA + 0 BA = 40 P + 10 PP
= 7.2727 PA
≈ 7.2727 (4 d.p.)
Therefore, the arbitrage-free price of the apple tree is approximately 7.2727.
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An infrastructure project has a timeline of 15 years and starts on the first day of the coming month. Recurring expense payments start from the beginning of the project at a rate of $12 million per annum payable monthly in advance for the first 2 years. There is also a one-time expense of $1.6 million to be paid at the beginning of the contract. 2 years after the project starts, an income stream of $8 million per annum payable half-yearly in arrears will be received for the rest of the project. a. Calculate the net present value of the project using an effective annual interest rate of 8%. (5 marks) b. Calculate the discounted payback period (expressed in units of years) of the project using an effective annual interest rate of 7%.
a. The net present value of the project using an effective annual interest rate of 8%.The net present value of a project is calculated using the following formula:
NPV = ∑(Ct / (1+r)t )Where,Ct = net cash inflow during the perio
dt = the time perio
dr = the required rate of return or discount rateThe present value of recurring expenses is:
PV = (C/r) x (1 – (1 + r/1 + r)t )PV = ($12,000,000/0.08) x (1 – (1 + 0.08/1 + 0.08)2 x 12)PV = $17,640,438.19
The present value of income stream is:PV = (C/r) x (1 – (1 + r/1 + r)t )PV = ($8,000,000/0.08) x (1 – (1 + 0.08/1 + 0.08)13 x 2)PV = $58,401,416.80
The present value of one-time expenses is:PVA = A x (1 / (1+r) )tPVA = $1,600,000 x (1 / (1 + 0.08)0 )PVA = $1,600,000
The net present value of the project is:
NPV = ($58,401,416.80 + $1,600,000) – $17,640,438.19NPV = $42,361,978.61
Therefore, the net present value of the project is $42,361,978.61.
b. The discounted payback period (expressed in units of years) of the project using an effective annual interest rate of 7%.
The formula for calculating the discounted payback period is:Discounted Payback Period = A + (B / C)Where,A = The year before the undiscounted cash inflows exceed the remaining cash outflows
B = The absolute value of the discounted cash outflow at the end of year A
D = The discounted cash inflow for the period following year A
For this project, the discounted cash inflows are:
Year 3: $7,476,636.95
Year 4: $7,148,313.62
Year 5: $6,836,826.48
Year 6: $6,541,071.25
Year 7: $6,260,056.89
Year 8: $5,992,818.58
Year 9: $5,738,422.77
Year 10: $5,495,978.06
Year 11: $5,264,634.02
Year 12: $5,043,587.95
Year 13: $4,832,078.76
Year 14: $4,629,392.76
Year 15: $4,434,859.53
The discounted cash outflows are:
Year 0: $20,168,429.44
Year 1: $17,201,685.06
Year 2: $14,234,940.68
The discounted cash outflow at the end of year 2 is:DCF2 = $7,476,636.95 + $7,148,313.62 + $6,836,826.48 + $6,541,071.25 + $6,260,056.89 + $5,992,818.58 + $5,738,422.77 + $5,495,978.06 + $5,264,634.02 + $5,043,587.95 + $4,832,078.76 + $4,629,392.76 + $4,434,859.53 - $20,168,429.44DCF2 = $42,363,947.02
Using the formula, the discounted payback period is calculated as:Discounted Payback Period = A + (B / C)Discounted Payback Period = 2 + (20,168,429.44 / 42,363,947.02)
Discounted Payback Period = 2.476 (approx.)Therefore, the discounted payback period is 2.476 years (approx.).
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CFAS Company issued 200,000 shares of P5 par value at P10 per share. On January 1, 2022, the retained earnings amounted to P3,000,000 In March 2022, the entity reacquired 50,000 treasury shares at P20 per share. In June 2022, the entity sold 10,000 of these shares to corporate officers for P25 per share. The entity used the cost method to record treasury shares. Net income for the current year was P600,000. end? 1. What is the total amount of retained earnings at year T Select end? 2. What amount should be reported as unappropriated retained carnings at year
The total amount of retained earnings at year T is P3,600,000.2. Amount of unappropriated retained earnings at year T. Therefore, the answer cannot be determined without the amount of appropriated retained earnings.
1. Total amount of retained earnings at year T
The given information about the company is as follows:
CFAS Company issued 200,000 shares of P5 par value at P10 per share.
Retained earnings on January 1, 2022, = P3,000,000
Net income for the current year (2022) = P600,000
The total number of shares issued by the company is = 200,000 shares
The par value of the shares issued is = P5
The amount per share at which the shares were issued is = P10
Therefore, the amount of money the company got from the shares issued = 200,000 shares × P10 per share= P2,000,000
The retained earnings at the end of the year can be calculated using the formula:
Retained earnings = Opening balance of retained earnings + Net income - Dividends
We are given the opening balance of retained earnings on January 1, 2022, which is P3,000,000.Net income for the current year (2022) = P600,000Therefore, the retained earnings at the end of the year T is:
Retained earnings = P3,000,000 + P600,000 = P3,600,000
Unappropriated retained earnings are the earnings that are not allocated to any reserve, so these earnings can be used for any purpose, including distribution as dividends. These earnings can be calculated by subtracting the appropriated retained earnings from the total retained earnings.
We are not given the amount of appropriated retained earnings, so we cannot calculate the amount of unappropriated retained earnings. However, we can use the formula to find out:
Unappropriated retained earnings = Total retained earnings - Appropriated retained earnings
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At the end of its first year of operations on December 31, 2017, NBS Company's accounts show the following.
Partner Drawings Capital
Art Niensted $23,000 $48,000
Greg Bolen $14,000 $30,000
Krista Sayler $10,000 $25,000
The capital balance represents each partner's initial capital investment. Therefore, net income or net loss for 2017 has not been closed to the partners' capital accounts.
Required:
Journalize the entry to record the division of net income for the year 2017 under the following assumption:
Net income is $19,000. Each partner is allowed interest of 10% on beginning capital balances. Niensted is given a $15,000 salary allowance. The remainder is shared equally.
The net income of $19,000 is debited to the Income Summary account. Then, Niensted, Bolen, and Sayler's capital accounts are credited with their respective shares of net income. Niensted's salary allowance of $15,000 is also credited to his capital account.
To journalize the entry to record the division of net income for the year 2017, we will follow the given assumptions:
1. Net income is $19,000.
2. Each partner is allowed interest of 10% on beginning capital balances.
3. Niensted is given a $15,000 salary allowance.
4. The remainder is shared equally.
The journal entry would be as follows:
Income Summary $19,000
Niensted, Capital $2,300
Bolen, Capital $1,400
Sayler, Capital $1,000
Niensted, Salary Allowance $15,000
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With the use of relevant examples from the case study examine
the strategy that Adidas Outdoor is implementing for the Olympic
event.
Adidas Outdoor has been implementing a strategy for the Olympic event that aims to showcase its brand to a broader audience. One of the critical tactics that Adidas Outdoor has been using is brand awareness.
By raising brand awareness, Adidas can create a strong connection with its customers while providing a competitive advantage over its rivals. Additionally, it will help Adidas to create brand loyalty and a dedicated customer base.
Adidas Outdoor is also sponsoring athletes to wear their products during the Olympics. This is an excellent strategy for the company to create brand ambassadors and build credibility in the outdoor community.
The athletes that Adidas has chosen to sponsor include climbers, trail runners, and mountain bikers, which are all popular outdoor sports. This will help Adidas to capture the attention of a specific demographic group.
Additionally, Adidas Outdoor has implemented a marketing strategy that emphasizes the performance aspect of its products. The company is focused on designing and developing high-quality outdoor gear that can withstand the most challenging environments.
The marketing materials highlight the durability, comfort, and safety of the products, which appeals to consumers who demand high-performance outdoor gear.
In conclusion, Adidas Outdoor is implementing a strategy for the Olympic event that aims to raise brand awareness, create brand loyalty, build credibility in the outdoor community, and appeal to consumers who demand high-performance outdoor gear.
The company is sponsoring athletes, emphasizing product performance in its marketing materials, and designing high-quality outdoor gear that can withstand the most challenging environments.
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Predictive data is information used to O make projections about desired outcomes O categorize people into appropriate labels O measure important outcomes of the staffing process assess cen
Predictive data is information that is used to make projections about desired outcomes. It helps organizations anticipate future trends, behaviors, and results based on historical data and statistical analysis.
By analyzing patterns and trends, predictive data enables businesses to make informed decisions, optimize processes, and identify opportunities for improvement. It is a valuable tool for forecasting sales, customer behavior, and market trends, allowing companies to strategize effectively and stay ahead of the competition.
Predictive data refers to the use of information and statistical analysis to make projections about desired outcomes. By analyzing historical data and identifying patterns, businesses can anticipate future trends, behaviors, and results. This information is valuable in decision-making processes, allowing organizations to optimize strategies, processes, and resource allocation.
For example, predictive data can be used to forecast sales, predict customer behavior, and identify market trends. It enables businesses to proactively respond to changes, make informed decisions, and gain a competitive advantage. By leveraging predictive data, organizations can improve their planning, optimize operations, and achieve their desired outcomes more effectively.
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The Farley Manufacturing Company prides itself on the quality of its products. The company is engaged in competition for a very important project. A key element is a part that ultimately goes into precision testing equipment. The specifications are
8.000±3.000millimeters. Management is concerned about the capability of the process to produce that part. The accompanying data were randomly collected during test runs of the process.
Click the icon to view the data.
Observation (millimeters)
Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 9.400 7.800 8.500 7.600 8.100 7.400 9.700 8.900
2 9.300 8.800 9.800 6.900 8.600 8.800 8.300 6.900
3 9.100 8.000 7.800 8.400 8.400 9.400 9.000 9.100
4 9.200 7.600 8.800 9.300 7.800 9.500 8.900 7.500
5 9.700 9.900 8.300 9.300 8.800 9.700 8.000 9.000
Part 2
The process capability index,
Cpk,
is equal to
Manufacturing is the transformation of raw materials or components into finished products that are suitable for use. The process capability index, Cpk, for the given data is -0.682.
To ensure the quality of its products, Farley Manufacturing Company conducts test runs of its manufacturing processes.
It collects data and uses statistical analysis to determine the quality and reliability of its products. The company is engaged in a very important project, and management is concerned about the capability of the process to produce a part that goes into precision testing equipment.
The specifications are 8.000±3.000millimeters. The process capability index, Cpk, is used to assess the capability of the process to meet customer requirements.
The Cpk for the given data can be calculated as follows:
The process mean, µ = (9.400 + 7.800 + 8.500 + 7.600 + 8.100 + 7.400 + 9.700 + 8.900 + 9.300 + 8.800 + 9.800 + 6.900 + 8.600 + 8.800 + 8.300 + 6.900 + 9.100 + 8.000 + 7.800 + 8.400 + 8.400 + 9.400 + 9.000 + 9.100 + 9.200 + 7.600 + 8.800 + 9.300 + 7.800 + 9.500 + 8.900 + 7.500 + 9.700 + 9.900 + 8.300 + 9.300 + 8.800 + 9.700 + 8.000 + 9.000) / 40 = 8.61
The process standard deviation, σ = √[((9.400 - 8.61)² + (7.800 - 8.61)² + (8.500 - 8.61)² + (7.600 - 8.61)² + (8.100 - 8.61)² + (7.400 - 8.61)² + (9.700 - 8.61)² + (8.900 - 8.61)² + (9.300 - 8.61)² + (8.800 - 8.61)² + (9.800 - 8.61)² + (6.900 - 8.61)² + (8.600 - 8.61)² + (8.800 - 8.61)² + (8.300 - 8.61)² + (6.900 - 8.61)² + (9.100 - 8.61)² + (8.000 - 8.61)² + (7.800 - 8.61)² + (8.400 - 8.61)² + (8.400 - 8.61)² + (9.400 - 8.61)² + (9.000 - 8.61)² + (9.100 - 8.61)² + (9.200 - 8.61)² + (7.600 - 8.61)² + (8.800 - 8.61)² + (9.300 - 8.61)² + (7.800 - 8.61)² + (9.500 - 8.61)² + (8.900 - 8.61)² + (7.500 - 8.61)² + (9.700 - 8.61)² + (9.900 - 8.61)² + (8.300 - 8.61)² + (9.300 - 8.61)² + (8.800 - 8.61)² + (9.700 - 8.61)² + (8.000 - 8.61)² + (9.000 - 8.61)²] / 39) = 0.896
Cpk = min [(8.000 - µ) / 3σ, (µ - 8.000) / 3σ] = min [(8.000 - 8.61) / (3 × 0.896), (8.61 - 8.000) / (3 × 0.896)] = min [-0.682, 0.682] = -0.682
The process capability index, Cpk, for the given data is -0.682.
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On December 31, Sascha retires from the partnership of Sascha, Benny, and Taylor. The partner capital balances are Sascha, $42,000, Benny 553.000, and Taylor $19.000 The proft and lous-sharing rabo has been 5:3:2 for Sascha, Benny, and Taylor, respectively Requirements 1. Journalize the withdrawal of Sascha assuming she receives $80,000 cash 2. Journalize the withdrawal of Sascha assuming she receives $10,000 cash
The Journal calculation is givena as Gain on Withdrawal $1,000, Loss on Withdrawal $20,000
How to do the Journal entry calculationJournalizing the withdrawal of Sascha assuming she receives $80,000 cash:
Date: December 31
Account Debit Credit
Cash $80,000
Sascha, Capital $42,000
Benny, Capital $33,600 ($80,000 * 5/10)
Taylor, Capital $22,400 ($80,000 * 2/10)
Gain on Withdrawal $1,000 (($42,000 - $19,000) - ($80,000 * 3/10))
Explanation:
Cash is debited to reflect the cash withdrawal received by Sascha.Sascha's capital account is credited to decrease her capital balance in the partnership.Benny's and Taylor's capital accounts are credited based on the profit and loss-sharing ratio.A gain on withdrawal account is credited to distribute the remaining capital balance to the partners based on the profit and loss-sharing ratio.Journalizing the withdrawal of Sascha assuming she receives $10,000 cash:
Date: December 31
Account Debit Credit
Cash $10,000
Sascha, Capital $42,000
Benny, Capital $6,000 ($10,000 * 5/10)
Taylor, Capital $4,000 ($10,000 * 2/10)
Loss on Withdrawal $20,000 (($42,000 - $19,000) - ($10,000 * 3/10))
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The Journal calculation is given as Gain on Withdrawal $1,000, Loss on Withdrawal $20,000.
1. On December 31, Sascha retires from the partnership of Sascha, Benny, and Taylor.
The partner capital balances are Sascha, $42,000, Benny 553.000, and Taylor $19.000.
The profit and loss-sharing ratio has been 5:3:2 for Sascha, Benny, and Taylor, respectively.
Journalize the withdrawal of Sascha assuming she receives $80,000 cash.
The journal entry to record the withdrawal of Sascha assuming she receives $80,000 cash:
Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit
Dec. 31 Cash $80,000 Sascha,
Capital $42,000 Benny,
Capital $33,150 Taylor,
Capital $4,850 Gain
on withdrawal $50,000
Total $130,000 $130,000 Sascha, Benny, and Taylor share profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2, respectively.
Sascha withdraws more than her capital balance, so the gain on withdrawal is distributed based on the profit and loss-sharing ratio of the partners.
The total amount withdrawn by Sascha is $80,000 + $42,000 = $122,000.
The gain on withdrawal is $122,000 − $42,000 = $80,000.
Sascha's share of the gain on withdrawal is 5/10 × $80,000 = $40,000.
Benny's share of the gain on withdrawal is 3/10 × $80,000 = $24,000.
Taylor's share of the gain on withdrawal is 2/10 × $80,000 = $16,000.
2. Journalize the withdrawal of Sascha assuming she receives $10,000 cash.
The journal entry to record the withdrawal of Sascha assuming she receives $10,000 cash:
Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit Dec. 31
Cash $10,000 Sascha,
Capital $42,000 Benny,
Capital $31,350 Taylor,
Capital $4,650 Gain on withdrawal $23,000
Total $42,000 $42,000 Sascha's withdrawal is less than her capital balance, so there is no gain on withdrawal. Her share of the capital balance is transferred to her as she withdraws from the partnership.
Therefore, the journal entry for Sascha's withdrawal of $10,000 would involve only the following account titles:
Cash: Debit $10,000
Sascha, Capital: Credit $10,000.
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what is the net present value of the following sequence of annual cash flows at a discount rate of 16 percent apr? t=1 / -100,000
t=2 / -300,000
Select one:
a. $122,948.87
b. $139,418.23
c. $158,620.69
d. $136,741.97
The net present value of the given cash flows at a discount rate of 16% apr is approximately -$309,700.
to calculate the net present value (npv) of the given sequence of annual cash flows, we need to discount each cash flow to its present value and then sum them up.
using a discount rate of 16% apr, we can calculate the present value (pv) of each cash flow as follows:
pv(t=1) = -100,000 / (1 + 0.16)¹ = -100,000 / 1.16 ≈ -86,206.90pv(t=2) = -300,000 / (1 + 0.16)² = -300,000 / 1.3456 ≈ -223,494.02
now, we can calculate the npv by summing up the present values:
npv = pv(t=1) + pv(t=2)
= -86,206.90 + -223,494.02 ≈ -309,700.92 92.
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Assume you are asked to create a model of the restaurant sector in TRNC. Answer the questions accordingly. e) Find new equilibrium quantity and price for the case in section d. Draw a graph with old and new demand and supply curves that shows the effect of the income change in the market for dinners in restaurants.
Given data and information: Assuming that you are asked to create a model of the restaurant sector in TRNC. Answer the questions accordingly.
Find new equilibrium quantity and price for the case in section d. Draw a graph with old and new demand and supply curves that shows the effect of the income change in the market for dinners in restaurants. Solution: In economics, the term "equilibrium" refers to a situation in which the market supply and demand are equal, resulting in a steady price. Market equilibrium is defined as the point where market demand and supply are equal, and as a result, the price is set. The graph of the supply and demand curves is used to explain this visually.
Changes in supply and demand, as well as government policies, can shift the supply and demand curves, resulting in a new market equilibrium. Suppose the restaurant sector in TRNC, where demand and supply equations for dinners in restaurants are given as: Demand equation: Qd = 800 – 4PSupply equation: Qs = 2P – 200(a) Find the initial equilibrium price and quantity .In order to find the initial equilibrium price and quantity, substitute the supply equation into the demand equation as follows; Qd = Qs800 – 4P = 2P – 2006P = 1000P = 1000/6, P = 166.67
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Q3. In the chemical process industry, there are various routes for manufacturing chemicals. A search of the literature reveals many different processes to produce chemical (Dimethyl Terephthalte). Assume 8000 operational hours per year. Land cost is not included in the total capital investment. Prepare a detailed production report and answer the following questions. (Assume suitable data wherever necessary. Give proper references if data collection is from external sources. (* Each student will be given a separate chemical product) a) Select the various available processes used in the industry and discuss the major differences between each process. Prepare a qualitative flow sheet for one selected process. b) Calculate the total cost of all major equipment used in the above process for a 50,000 tons per year production capacity. c) Estimate fixed capital investment and the total capital investment cost if the working capital is 14% of total capital investment. d) Calculate the production cost per unit and total gross profit for the given production capacity. Compare the production cost per unit with the market cost. e) What factors are responsible for unit product costs that differ from other global markets? Justify your answer with detailed description of factors.
Terephthalic acid is esterified with methanol to produce Dimethyl Terephthalate in a industry. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst at 180°C.
a) Select the various available processes used in the industry and discuss the major differences between each process. Prepare a qualitative flow sheet for one selected process.Dimethyl Terephthalate can be manufactured using a number of routes, including:Orthoxylene process: This process involves the conversion of ortho-xylene to Dimethyl Terephthalate. This process uses an acid catalyst at elevated temperatures in order to carry out the reaction of ortho-xylene and oxygen. This is a single-stage process that takes place at temperatures between 170°C and 200°C.Para-xylene process: This process involves the conversion of para-xylene to Dimethyl Terephthalate. Para-xylene undergoes a two-step oxidation reaction to form Terephthalic acid which is then esterified with methanol to form DMT. The process is carried out at 180°C using a catalyst comprising of Cobalt and Manganese metals.Esterification process: In this process, Terephthalic acid is esterified with methanol to produce Dimethyl Terephthalate. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst at 180°C.
The fixed capital investment (FCI) and total capital investment (TCI) cost are estimated as follows:Fixed capital investment (FCI)FCI = CE × SWhere, S is the capacity of the plant = 50,000 tons/year. FCI = 240,961,800 × 50,000 = $12,048,090,000Total capital investment (TCI)TCI = FCI × (1 + F)Where, F is the working capital as a fraction of fixed capital investment = 0.14 TCI = 12,048,090,000 × (1 + 0.14) = $13,735,791,600.Therefore, the fixed capital investment and total capital investment cost for the para-xylene process for manufacturing Dimethyl Terephthalate is estimated to be $12,048,090,000 and $13,735,791,600, respectively.d) Calculate the production cost per unit and total gross profit for the given production capacity. Compare the production cost per unit with the market cost.Production cost per unit (Cp)Cp = (TCI × i) / (Q × (1 - i))Where, i is the interest rate = 0.15, Q is the production capacity = 50,000 tons/year.TCI is the total capital investment cost which is estimated to be $13,735,791,600.Cp = (13,735,791,600 × 0.15) / (50,000 × (1 - 0.15)) = $7,318/tonTotal gross profitTotal gross profit (TGP) = (Total revenue) – (Total production cost)Total revenue (TR) = Q × market price of Dimethyl Terephthalate (DMT) = 50,000 × $1522 = $76,100,000Total production cost (TPC) = Cp × Q = 7,318 × 50,000 = $365,900,000TGP = 76,100,000 – 365,900,000 = –$289,800,000.
In regions where the cost of labor is low, the production cost of DMT will be lower compared to other regions.Regulatory compliance: The cost of regulatory compliance varies from region to region. In regions where regulatory compliance is more stringent, the production cost of DMT will be higher compared to other regions.Infrastructure cost: The cost of infrastructure such as land, transportation, and storage facilities can vary significantly based on the location of the plant. In regions where the cost of infrastructure is low, the production cost of DMT will be lower compared to other regions.
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A 60-day, 8% note for $13,200, dated May 1, is received from a customer on account. The maturity value of the note, assuming a 360-day year, is Oa. $176 Ob. $13,376 Oc. $13,200 Od. $14.256
A 60-day, 8% note for $13,200, dated May 1, is received from a customer on account, The maturity value of the note is $13,376.
To calculate the maturity value of the note, we need to consider the principal amount ($13,200) and the interest accrued over the 60-day period at an 8% annual interest rate. Using a 360-day year, the interest can be calculated as follows: Interest = Principal × Rate × Time
= $13,200 × 8% × (60/360)
= $13,200 × 0.08 × (1/6)
= $176
The maturity value is the sum of the principal and the interest, which is $13,200 + $176 = $13,376. Therefore, the correct answer is option Ob. $13,376.
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A 60-day, 8% note for $13,200, dated May 1, is received from a customer on account, The maturity value of the note is $13,376.
To calculate the maturity value of the note, we need to consider the principal amount ($13,200) and the interest accrued over the 60-day period at an 8% annual interest rate. Using a 360-day year, the interest can be calculated as follows: Interest = Principal × Rate × Time
= $13,200 × 8% × (60/360)
= $13,200 × 0.08 × (1/6)
= $176
The maturity value is the sum of the principal and the interest, which is $13,200 + $176 = $13,376. Therefore, the correct answer is option Ob. $13,376.
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Among the total cost of ownership (TCO) components, which of the
following is categorized as the post-ownership cost?
Environmental compliance cost
Downtime cost
Depreciation
None of the above
Among the options provided, the post-ownership cost categorized as part of the total cost of ownership (TCO) is the "Downtime cost."
Downtime cost refers to the expenses incurred due to the interruption or unavailability of a particular asset or system after it has been purchased and is in use.
This price includes factors such as lost productivity, missed opportunities, and potential revenue losses during the period when the asset is not operational or functioning at its full capacity.
On the other hand, the "Environmental compliance cost" is generally considered as an operating cost or an ongoing cost related to the usage and maintenance of the asset.
It includes expenses associated with adhering to environmental regulations, ensuring compliance, and implementing sustainable practices.
As for "Depreciation," it is a component of the TCO but is typically categorized as a pre-ownership cost. It represents the decrease in the value of an asset over its useful life and is recognized as an accounting measure rather than a direct post-ownership expense. Therefore, among the options provided, the correct answer is: Downtime cost.
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Help Submit Save & Exit Forrester Company is considering buying new equipment that would increase monthly fixed costs from $120,000 to $150,000 and would decrease the current variable costs of $70 by $10 per unit. The selling price of $100 is not expected to change. Forrester's current break-even sales are $400,000 and current break-even units are 4,000. If Forrester purchases this new equipment, the revised break-even point in units would: Multiple Choice Increase by 250 Decrease by 250 Increase by 12,000. Decrease by 8,000. Increase by 8,000
The revised break-even point in units would decrease by 250.
If Forrester Company purchases the new equipment, the revised break-even point in units would decrease by 250.
Here's the calculation:
Current fixed costs: $120,000
Current variable cost per unit: $70
Current break-even units: 4,000
Current break-even sales: $400,000
Revised fixed costs: $150,000
Revised variable cost per unit: $70 - $10 = $60
The formula to calculate the break-even point in units is:
Break-even units = Fixed costs / (Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit)
Current break-even units = $120,000 / ($100 - $70) = $120,000 / $30 = 4,000 units
Revised break-even units = $150,000 / ($100 - $60) = $150,000 / $40 = 3,750 units
The difference between the current break-even units and the revised break-even units is 4,000 - 3,750 = 250 units. Therefore, the revised break-even point in units would decrease by 250.
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the increase in work among older men can be attributed in part to which of the following?
A. changes in Social Security regulations
B. the rise in the standard of living among men
C. the need for men to "prove themselves" in the workplace
D. a rise in the demand for more experienced workers in the labor force
The correct answer is Option A. The increase in work among older men can be attributed in part to changes in Social Security regulations.
Changes in Social Security regulations have led to adjustments in retirement age and benefit eligibility, encouraging older men to work for longer periods. In many countries, including the United States, the full retirement age for Social Security benefits has increased, incentivizing individuals to delay retirement and continue working. This is particularly relevant for older men who may rely on these benefits for financial security in their later years. The adjustments in Social Security regulations aim to address concerns about the sustainability of the system due to demographic shifts and increasing life expectancies. By extending the retirement age, governments hope to alleviate strain on the system and ensure individuals have longer work histories to support their retirement. As a result, older men are motivated to remain in the labor force, contributing to the observed increase in work among this demographic group.
Changes in Social Security regulations play a role in the increase in work among older men, as these regulations influence retirement age and benefit eligibility, encouraging individuals to work for a longer period before retiring.
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Question 30(Multiple Choice ) 2 (02.06 MC) If the nominal GDP of County Y is lower in year 2 than in year 1, which of the following must be true? The real GDP of Country Y must be lower in year 2. The price level in Country Y must be lower in year 2 than in Year 1. There must have been inflation in Country Y from year 1 to year 2. The real GDP of Country Y or the price level of Country Y must be lower in year 2 than in year 1. The real GDP and the price level could both have increased from year 1 to year 2. Question 29(Multiple Choice ) (05.07 MC) Which of the following policy initiatives is most likely to increase economic growth? O Subsidized training in human capital Central bank selling government bonds O Subsidizing consumption O Deficit spending to supplement pension payments O Lowering the official retirement age from 65 to 60 years
30. If the nominal GDP of Country Y is lower in year 2 than in year 1, then the correct answer is that the real GDP of Country Y must be lower in year 2
29. The policy initiative that is most likely to increase economic growth is Subsidized training in human capital.
Explanation:
30.
(Multiple Choice ) 2 (02.06 MC)If the nominal GDP of Country Y is lower in year 2 than in year 1, then the correct answer is that the real GDP of Country Y must be lower in year 2. This is because the nominal GDP measures the value of goods and services produced in an economy in the current year, while the real GDP measures the value of goods and services produced in an economy adjusted for inflation. If nominal GDP is lower in year 2 than in year 1, it means that the economy produced fewer goods and services. The decrease in nominal GDP can be due to a decrease in either quantity or prices of goods and services, or both. Inflation affects nominal GDP but not real GDP, so if the nominal GDP is lower, the real GDP must be lower too.
29.
(Multiple Choice ) (05.07 MC)The policy initiative that is most likely to increase economic growth is Subsidized training in human capital. This is because human capital is the knowledge, skills, and abilities that workers possess, which are important for economic growth. By subsidizing training, the government is investing in human capital, which can lead to an increase in productivity, innovation, and overall economic growth. Selling government bonds, subsidizing consumption, and deficit spending to supplement pension payments are not likely to increase economic growth because they do not directly promote investment, productivity, or innovation. Lowering the official retirement age from 65 to 60 years is also not likely to increase economic growth because it can decrease the labor force participation rate and lead to lower productivity.
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By using benefit-cost analysis, bureaucrats determine _____ of a proposed project. Politicians then use this information to pursue projects with the_______ in an attempt to win and keep their seats.
OA. total benefit, total cost, and net benefit; highest net benefit
OB. total benefit, total cost, and net benefit; highest total benefit
O C. marginal benefit and marginal cost; lowest marginal cost
O D. marginal benefit and marginal cost; highest marginal benefit
The answer is option A: total benefit, total cost, and net benefit; highest net benefit. By using benefit-cost analysis, bureaucrats evaluate the total benefits and total costs of a proposed project.
They then calculate the net benefit by subtracting the total costs from the total benefits. Politicians, on the other hand, use this information to pursue projects with the highest net benefit in order to win and retain their seats.
Benefit-cost analysis is a method used by bureaucrats to assess the potential impact of a proposed project. It involves evaluating the total benefits and total costs associated with the project. The total benefits represent the positive outcomes and advantages that the project is expected to generate, while the total costs represent the expenses and resources required to implement the project.
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Swifty Corporation purchased a delivery truck for $26,000 on January 1, 2022. The truck has an expected salvage value of $2,000, and is expected to be driven 100,000 miles over its estimated useful life of 8 years. Actual miles driven were 16,300 in 2022 and 11,400 in 2023. * Your answer is incorrect. Calculate depreciable cost per mile under units-of-activity method. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 0.50.) Depreciable cost $ 3,000 per mile eTextbook and Media List of Accounts
So, the depreciable cost per mile under units-of-activity method is $0.24.
Units-of-activity method of depreciation is the depreciation of a fixed asset based on the number of units it produces or the number of hours it operates. Under the units-of-activity method, the asset's expected life is expressed in terms of the total number of units expected to be produced or the total number of hours expected to be worked by the asset. The depreciable cost per unit or hour is computed by dividing the depreciable cost of the asset by the estimated number of units or hours the asset is anticipated to produce or work.
Cost of delivery truck = $26,000
Salvage value = $2,000
Expected useful life = 8 years
Expected miles = 100,000
Actual miles driven:
In 2022 = 16,300
In 2023 = 11,400
Depreciable cost = Cost of asset - Salvage value
Depreciable cost = $26,000 - $2,000 = $24,000
Depreciation per mile = Depreciable cost/Expected miles
Depreciation per mile = $24,000/100,000 miles
Depreciation per mile = $0.24
Depreciation expense in 2022 = Depreciation per mile x Actual miles driven in 2022
Depreciation expense in 2022 = $0.24 x 16,300 miles
Depreciation expense in 2022 = $3,912
Depreciation expense in 2023 = Depreciation per mile x Actual miles driven in 2023
Depreciation expense in 2023 = $0.24 x 11,400 miles
Depreciation expense in 2023 = $2,736
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- Based on the following information, which is the correct amount for the Payout Ratio?
a) 15%
b) 20%
c) 25%
d) 40%
e) 60%
- Based on the following information, which is the correct amount for Return on Common Stockholder’s Equity?
Net income: $ 600,000
Preferred dividends: $ 200,000
Cash dividends on common stock: $ 150,000
Average common stockholder’s equity: $ 1,000,000
a) 15%
b) 20%
c) 25%
d) 40%
e) 60%
The correct amount for the payout ratio is 25% and the correct amount for Return on Common Stockholder’s Equity is 40%.
Payout ratio is the percentage of earnings distributed as dividends. To determine the correct payout ratio, we need to divide the dividends paid by the net income.
The formula for calculating payout ratio is: Payout ratio = Dividends paid / Net income
To determine the correct amount for the payout ratio, we can use the following information:
Dividends paid: $150,000
Net income: $600,000
Payout ratio = Dividends paid / Net income= $150,000 / $600,000= 0.25 or 25%
To determine the correct amount for Return on Common Stockholder’s Equity, we can use the following formula:
Return on Common Stockholder’s Equity = (Net income - Preferred dividends) / Average common stockholder’s equity
Using the provided information, we can calculate the Return on Common Stockholder’s Equity as follows:
Net income: $600,000
Preferred dividends: $200,000
Cash dividends on common stock: $150,000
Average common stockholder’s equity: $1,000,000
Return on Common Stockholder’s Equity = (Net income - Preferred dividends) / Average common stockholder’s equity= ($600,000 - $200,000) / $1,000,000= $400,000 / $1,000,000= 0.4 or 40%
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manufacturers making false or misleading claims about a competitor’s product is:
Manufacturers making false or misleading claims about a competitor’s product is known as "false advertising."
False advertising refers to the use of deceptive, misleading, or false statements when promoting a product or service. It can occur in various forms, including print, radio, television, and social media. False advertising can be carried out by manufacturers, distributors, and retailers to discredit their rivals' products or to influence consumers' purchasing decisions. It can be either by omission or commission of a statement that is likely to deceive or mislead a potential consumer.
False advertising can lead to unfair competition and legal disputes. To avoid such legal implications, businesses are encouraged to provide accurate information about their products and avoid making false or misleading claims about their competitors' products.
Additionally, consumers should be aware of the false advertising phenomenon and be wary of claims that sound too good to be true, carefully research products, and seek expert opinions to make informed purchasing decisions.
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Modern economies use gold-backed currencies whose value depends on the size of their gold reserves. Select one: O True O False Check
False. Modern economies do not use gold-backed currencies.
The statement is false. Modern economies do not use gold-backed currencies. The use of gold as a standard to back currencies was abandoned in the 20th century with the creation of the Bretton Woods System. This system linked the US dollar to gold at a fixed exchange rate and other currencies were pegged to the dollar. However, the Bretton Woods System collapsed in the early 1970s, and since then, currencies have been free-floating without being backed by gold or any other commodity.
Modern economies instead use fiat currencies that are not backed by any physical commodity like gold. The value of fiat currency is derived from the trust people have in the issuing government and the strength of the economy. Central banks can also influence the value of fiat currency by adjusting interest rates and implementing monetary policies.
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McDonalds can be referred to as a lean operation, what does this mean? Explain relating to relevant lean theory e.g., 7 wastes ,5 lean steps . Referring to Key Operations management laws how does the company deal with uncertainty in demand and supply through its buffering strategy?
McDonald's can be referred to as a lean operation because it has successfully implemented lean principles that allow it to provide high-quality products to customers at a low cost while maintaining high efficiency and minimizing waste. The company uses forecasting, capacity planning, and inventory management to deal with uncertainty in demand
McDonald's can be considered a lean operation because the fast-food giant has successfully implemented lean principles that allow it to provide high-quality products to customers at a low cost while maintaining high efficiency and minimizing waste. In a lean operation, the focus is on eliminating waste, streamlining processes, and increasing efficiency.
McDonald's has implemented various lean techniques such as 5S, JIT, and Kaizen to ensure that their operations are as efficient as possible. The company has also successfully applied the seven types of waste management to eliminate non-value-adding activities in its processes. The seven types of waste are transport, inventory, motion, waiting, overproduction, overprocessing, and defects.
To deal with the uncertainty in demand and supply through its buffering strategy, McDonald's uses a combination of forecasting, capacity planning, and inventory management. Forecasting involves predicting future demand by analyzing sales data, customer trends, and other relevant factors. Capacity planning ensures that the company has enough resources and staff to meet demand.
Finally, inventory management involves maintaining optimal inventory levels to avoid stockouts while minimizing waste and storage costs. McDonald's uses a Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory system, which involves ordering and receiving inventory only when needed to reduce inventory costs.
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On December 31, 2019, Lucas Corporation leased a building from Fort Company for seven-year period expiring December 31, 2026. Equal annual payments of P2,000,000 are due on December 31 of each year, beginning with December 31, 2019. The lease is properly classified as a finance lease on Lucas 's books. At inception of the lease, Lucas paid P350,000 as commission to agent and estimated that P400,000 will be paid to restore the property at the end of lease term. The building has a useful life of 20 years at inception of the lease. Lucas guaranteed a residual value of P200,000 at the end of lease term. Assuming all payments are made on time and the rate implicit and effective is at 12% , the amount that should be reported by Lucas Corporation as the lease liability on its December 31, 2022 financial statement is?
How much is the balance of the right-of-use asset as of December 31, 2022?
O P7,803,018
OP9,759,803
OP8,715,380
O P6,282.414
Answer: OP9,759,803.
The amount that should be reported by Lucas Corporation as the lease liability on its December 31, 2022 financial statement is OP9,759,803. The balance of the right-of-use asset as of December 31, 2022 is OP9,759,803.Let us first calculate the present value of the lease payments:We know,Annual lease payment
= P2,000,000
Total number of payments = 7 years × 1 payment per year= 7
Present value of annuity due at 12% for 7 periods = 5.332214.= P2,000,000 × 5.332214 = P10,664,429.28
Next, calculate the present value of the residual value:Present value of P200,000 after 7 years at 12% = P71,535.95.Now, we can calculate the lease liability for Lucas Corporation as of December 31, 2022 by finding the present value of remaining lease payments:
Years remaining = 7 – 3 = 4 periods.
Lease liability = (P2,000,000 × 4 × 3.037351) + P71,535.95= P24,074,263.8
The balance of the right-of-use asset as of December 31, 2022 will be the difference between the present value of the lease payments and the present value of the residual value subtracted from the initial lease liability. Thus,Right-of-use asset = P10,664,429.28 – P71,535.95 – (P2,000,000 × 4 × 2.673012) = OP9,759,803.
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Explain either fiscal policy is useful or not in fighting recession according to the monetarists. Use IS-LM graph to explain your answer.
According to monetarists, fiscal policy is not as effective in fighting recessions as it is believed to be.
Monetarists argue that fiscal policy, which involves government spending and taxation, may have limited impact on the overall economy. They emphasize the importance of monetary policy, which is controlled by the central bank, in managing the business cycle.
To understand the monetarist perspective, we can analyze the IS-LM graph. In the IS-LM framework, the IS curve represents the relationship between real output (Y) and the interest rate (r), while the LM curve represents the relationship between the interest rate (r) and the level of money supply (M).
Monetarists argue that an expansionary fiscal policy, such as an increase in government spending, will shift the IS curve to the right. This would initially increase output (Y1) and lead to a higher interest rate (r1). However, as the interest rate rises, it affects the investment and consumption decisions of households and businesses, leading to a contractionary effect on output. This contractionary effect would cause the IS curve to shift back to its initial position, resulting in a smaller increase in output (Y2) compared to the initial impact.
Monetarists believe that fiscal policy has limited effectiveness in fighting recessions because the initial expansionary impact is offset by subsequent contractionary effects. They argue that monetary policy, through adjustments in the money supply, is more efficient in stabilizing the economy.
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The following six parts are ALL based on the status quo of company BW. (1) Company BW has issued 10,000 zero-coupon bonds with a face value of $1,000. Those bonds will mature in 8 years and the current market price is $576.18 per bond. Marginal corporate income tax rate is 20%, find the annual after-tax effective cost of debt.
The annual after-tax effective cost of debt for Company BW is approximately 4.22%.
(1) Company BW has issued 10,000 zero-coupon bonds with a face value of $1,000. Those bonds will mature in 8 years and the current market price is $576.18 per bond. Marginal corporate income tax rate is 20%, find the annual after-tax effective cost of debt. Zero-coupon bonds are bonds that pay no interest payments, but instead sell at a discount to their face value and then pay the full face value at maturity. Company BW has issued 10,000 zero-coupon bonds with a face value of $1,000 that will mature in 8 years and the current market price is $576.18 per bond.
The marginal corporate income tax rate is 20%.The annual effective cost of debt of zero-coupon bonds can be found using the following formula:
Annual after-tax effective cost of debt = (face value of the bond – current market price of the bond) / (face value of the bond) + (current market price of the bond) * (marginal corporate income tax rate) / (face value of the bond) + years to maturity of the bond)
In this case, the annual after-tax effective cost of debt is :Annual after-tax effective cost of debt = ($1,000 - $576.18) / ($1,000 + $576.18) + ($576.18 * 20%) / ($1,000 + 8)≈ 4.22%
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Suppose a closed economy has an intended investment of 100 and an aggregate consumption function given by C = 250 +0.75Yd. Suppose also that the government spends 50 but collects no taxes. What is equilibrium output and income? (round your answer to the nearest whole value) Your Answer: Answer Question 2 (1 point) = Suppose a closed economy has an aggregate consumption function given by C = 250 + 0.75Yd and generates $2300 output and income in equilibrium. Suppose also that the government collects a lump-sum tax of 150. How much will the private sector be saving total in equilibrium?
Equilibrium output and income = 533; The private sector saving total in equilibrium is $520.
Question 1: Suppose a closed economy has an intended investment of 100 and an aggregate consumption function given by C = 250 +0.75Yd.
Suppose also that the government spends 50 but collects no taxes. What is equilibrium output and income? (round your answer to the nearest whole value)
Aggregate expenditure, AE is:
AE = C + I + G
Where C = 250 +0.75Yd, I = 100 and G = 50
So, AE = 250 +0.75Yd + 100 + 50AE = 400 +0.75Yd
Equilibrium output and income (Y) is where AE = Y400 +0.75Yd = Y0.75Y = 400 + 0.75YdY - 0.75Yd = 400 / 0.75Y - Yd = 1600 / 3d = Y - T
So, Y - 0 = 1600 / 3Y = 1600 / 3Y = 533 (rounded to nearest whole value)
Question 2: Suppose a closed economy has an aggregate consumption function given by C = 250 + 0.75Yd and generates $2300 output and income in equilibrium. Suppose also that the government collects a lump-sum tax of 150. Aggregate expenditure, AE is:
AE = C + I + G
Where C = 250 +0.75Yd, I = 100 and G = 50, T = 150So,AE = 250 +0.75Yd + 100 + 50 + ( - 150)AE = 250 +0.75YdThus,2300 = 250 + 0.75Yd 2050 = 0.75Yd2,733.33 = Yd
The level of disposable income is $2733.33
In equilibrium:
S = Y - C - G - T
Where Y = 2300, C = 250 + 0.75Yd = 250 + 0.75(2733.33) = $2580I = 100, G = 50, T = 150
So, S = Y - C - G - TS = 2300 - 2580 - 50 - 150S = $520
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a company incurs expenses on account, this transaction would result in: Multiple Choice Total assets decreasing Liabilities decreasing Equity decreasing Contributed capital decreasing
The correct answer is: Liabilities increasing. When a company incurs expenses on account, it means that it has received goods or services without making an immediate payment.
This results in an increase in accounts payable, which is a liability on the company's balance sheet. Liabilities represent the company's obligations to pay its creditors in the future. By recognizing the expenses on account, the company acknowledges its debt and the corresponding decrease in equity.
This transaction does not directly impact total assets or contributed capital. Properly accounting for expenses on account allows the company to track its financial obligations and ensures accurate reporting of its financial position.
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Craft Concept manufactures small tables in its Processing Department. Direct materials are added at the initiation of the production cycle and must be bundled in single kits for each unit. Conversion costs are incurred evenly throughout the production cycle. Before inspection, some units are spoiled due to nondetectable materials defects. Spoiled units generally constitute 5% of the good units. Data for December 20x3 are as follows: WIP, beginning inventory 12/1/20x3 10,000 units Direct materials (100% complete) Conversion costs (75% complete) Started during December Completed and transferred out 12/31/20x3 WIP, ending inventory 12/31/20x3 40,000 units 38,400 units 8,000 units Direct materials (100% complete) Conversion costs (65% complete) Costs for December: WIP, beginning Inventory: Direct materials Conversion costs $ 50,000 30,000 100,000 140,000 Direct materials added Conversion costs added What is the total cost per equivalent unit using the FIFO method of process costing? What cost is allocated to abnormal spoilage using the FIFO process-costing method? What is the total cost assigned to ending work in process using the weighted-average process-costing method? What is the total cost assigned to ending work in process using the FIFO process-costing method? What is the total cost of units transferred out using the weighted-average process-costing method?
Therefore, the total cost of units transferred out using the weighted-average process-costing method is $153,924.
What is the total cost per equivalent unit using the FIFO method of process costing?Using the FIFO method, total cost per equivalent unit = (Cost of beginning work in process inventory + cost added during the month) ÷ equivalent units of productionWe have been given that WIP beginning inventory was 10,000 units; the Direct Materials added were 38,400 units, and the Conversion costs added were 40,000 units. Hence, the total equivalent units of production = 38,400 + 40,000 - 10,000 = 68,400 units
Direct materials cost per unit = (Direct materials at beginning inventory + Direct materials added during December) ÷ equivalent units of production= ($50,000 + $30,000) ÷ 68,400 = $0.95
Conversion costs per unit = (Conversion costs at beginning inventory + Conversion costs added during December) ÷ equivalent units of production= ($100,000 + $140,000) ÷ 68,400 = $3.08
Thus, the total cost per equivalent unit = $0.95 + $3.08 = $4.03What cost is allocated to abnormal spoilage using the FIFO process-costing method?In process costing, abnormal spoilage is charged to the Cost of Goods Sold account. Hence, no cost is allocated to abnormal spoilage using the FIFO process-costing method. What is the total cost assigned to ending work in process using the weighted-average process-costing method? Using the weighted-average method,
Units transferred out = Total units produced - Ending work in process= (38,400 + 40,000) - 40,000 = 38,400 units
Total cost of units transferred out = Units transferred out × Total cost per equivalent unit= 38,400 × $4.01 = $153,924.
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Coolidge Cola is forecasting the following income statement information: Sales of $54,000,000, operating costs excluding depreciation of $20 million, interest expense of $7 million, dividends of $1 million, depreciation and amortization of $16 million and overhead/administration costs of $4,000,000. The tax rate is 30 percent and required return is 12 percent. Furthermore, capital expenditures will be $5 million and NOWC will increase by $2,000,000. a. Find Earnings before Interest and Taxes. b. Find the company's free cash flow.
The Earnings before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) is $30,000,000, and the company's Free Cash Flow (FCF) is also $30,000,000.
To find the Earnings before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) and the company's free cash flow, we'll use the given information and the following formulas:
EBIT = Sales - Operating costs excluding depreciation - Overhead/Administration costs
Free Cash Flow (FCF) = EBIT(1 - Tax Rate) + Depreciation and Amortization - Capital Expenditures - Increase in NOWC
Given:
Sales = $54,000,000
Operating costs excluding depreciation = $20,000,000
Interest expense = $7,000,000
Dividends = $1,000,000
Depreciation and amortization = $16,000,000
Overhead/Administration costs = $4,000,000
Tax rate = 30%
Required return = 12%
Capital expenditures = $5,000,000
Increase in NOWC = $2,000,000
a. Finding Earnings before Interest and Taxes (EBIT):
EBIT = Sales - Operating costs excluding depreciation - Overhead/Administration costs
EBIT = $54,000,000 - $20,000,000 - $4,000,000
EBIT = $30,000,000
b. Finding the company's Free Cash Flow (FCF):
FCF = EBIT(1 - Tax Rate) + Depreciation and Amortization - Capital Expenditures - Increase in NOWC
FCF = $30,000,000(1 - 0.30) + $16,000,000 - $5,000,000 - $2,000,000
FCF = $21,000,000 + $16,000,000 - $5,000,000 - $2,000,000
FCF = $30,000,000
Therefore, the Earnings before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) is $30,000,000, and the company's Free Cash Flow (FCF) is also $30,000,000.
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