The mechanism for nucleophilic addition to aldehydes and ketones under different reaction conditions is that Before a weak nucleophilic assault may happen, the target must undergo protonation.
A nucleophile establishes a sigma bond with an electron-deficient molecule in a chemical addition process known as a nucleophilic addition reaction. The ability to transform carbonyl groups into a variety of functional groups makes these reactions crucial in organic chemistry.
An intermediate alkoxide is created by the breakdown of the p link to the O. The intermediate alkoxide is protonated to produce an alcohol derivative.
Therefore, the order changes to II > V > I > IV > III because nucleophilic addition is directly proportional to the electron deficiency on the carbonyl carbon.
The addition of the nucleophile and H across the C=O double bond is the outcome of all forms of nucleophile reactions.
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given the bond energies of n-n ( 160 kj/mol) and br-br( 193 kj/mol), what could be infer about the bond strength of n-br bond?
Energy bond of N-Br can't be calculated only with the data of energy bond of N-N and Br-Br. The energy bond of N-Br is 243kJ/mol
Energy bond can be determined by using experiment. To calculate energy bond of N-Br by using energy bond of N-N and Br-Br need 1 more data of the difference of Enthalpy reactant and product. In this case the reaction can be determine as below:
N-N + Br-Br = 2 N-Br
The equation can be used is:
Energy bond N-N + Energy bond Br-Br - Energy bond of 2 N-Br = Enthalpy
If the enthalpy of the reaction not provided, energy bond of N-Br can not be determined. But, you can check on the reference for N-Br energy bond.
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When heating a liquid on the stovetop, the heated liquid becomes less dense and rises and the denser cooler liquid sinks to the bottom. What type of thermal energy transfer is occurring?.
The type of heat energy transfer that occur is convection
What is convection?Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas) between areas of different temperature.
Convection works by areas of a liquid or gas heating or cooling greater than their surroundings, causing differences in temperature. These temperature differences then cause the areas to move as the hotter, less dense areas rise, and the cooler, more dense areas sink to the bottom.
Similarly with air, hot air tends to move to a cooler region due to convection
Other mode of heat transfer are conduction and radiation.
Therefore mode of heat transfer in a liquid and gas is known as convection
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Is Energy Absorbed Or Released When The Electron In A Hydrogen Atom Makes A Transition From The N = 1 Energy Level To The N = 4 Energy Level?
So we are aware that response was taken in. the response is accurate. This is because electron has to absorb energy in order to travel from lower state to higher state in order to move from one to other.
What does a scientific energy mean?Energy is characterized as having the "ability to accomplish work, which is the capacity to apply a force sufficient to move an object." Despite this unclear description, energy simply refers to the power that propels motion. Potential and kinetic energy are the two categories of energy.
What is the primary energy source?The sun is among the most significant sources of energy. Sunlight is the major energy source.
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Is albumin an amino acid or protein?.
Albumin is the major protein in the serum of mammals.
The liver produces a protein called albumin. The quantity of this protein in the transparent liquid component of the blood is determined by a serum albumin test.
A tiny globular protein called human albumin has a molecular weight of 66.5 kilodaltons (kDa). There are 585 amino acids in total, which are arranged into three repeated homologous domains and two distinct subdomains, A and B.
The family of globular proteins, of which serum albumins are the most common member, includes albumin. The albumin protein family is mildly soluble in high salt solutions and is heat denaturable. Milk contains -lactalbumin, while serum albumin is found in blood serum.
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Which change of state is occurring as wet clothes dry on a clothesline on a warm sunny day?.
Wet clothes placed on a clothesline get dry after some time because the water gets dried up from the heat of the sun. The water is converted into water vapour, the phenomenon is known as evaporation.
What is evaporation ?Evaporation helps damp clothes dry in the sun. This is due to the fact that water in wet clothing absorbs and then evaporates heat energy from the sun. Evaporation is this process.
The temperature is higher on a sunny day than it is on a cloudy day. Wet clothing now dries quicker on a sunny day than on a cloudy day due to the fact that the rate of evaporation increases with the increase in temperature.Learn more about Evaporation here:
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Cytokine receptors are associated with cytoplasmic protein kinases called _____, which become activated when the cytokine receptors bind to their respective cytokines.
A.ZAP-70 B.STATs C.Lck D.ITAMs E.JAKs
Option (E) . Cytokine receptors are associated with cytoplasmic protein kinases called JAKs , which become activated and binds to their respective cytokines .
Cytokines are the receptors which transmit various signals for cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and functional activity, circulate in picomolar concentrations, and may increase in magnitude almost a thousand-fold in response to an infection or inflammation. Cytokines are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of the immune system cells and blood cells. Cytokines can exert systemic as well as local effects. A cytokine's actions may affect the same cell it was secreted from, other nearby cells or may act in a more endocrine manner and produce effects across the whole of the body, such as in the case of fever.
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Cesium (Cs) tends to be the most reactive of the alkali metals (francium is radioactive and has not been well studied). Based on your understanding of atomic radius, effective nuclear charge, and ionization energy, explain why this is true. 15. Time to Reflect…Consider everything you’ve learned in lab and lecture about periodic trends. In your own words, explain why it is important to know how the periodic table is organized. How do you think knowledge on periodic trends (ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, electronegativity, etc.) help you, personally, in your future as scientist and/or engineer? 10. Explain how the reactivity with acid relates to the location of the metals on the periodic table.
Caesium(Cs) is the most reactive alkali metal in the group I than the francium due to the atomic radius, effective nuclear charge and the ionization energy of the caesium element.
Ionization energy is the energy requires to remove valence electron from the outer orbital. As we goes down the group, the ionization energy is decreased. This is occurred because as we goes down the group, the distance between outermost orbital and nucleus is increased. Therefore, it has lower ionization energy than other elements in the group.
Atomic radius of the element is the distance between the nucleus and the electron present in the outermost orbital. As we goes down the group, atomic radius is decreased. Therefore, it easily donates electrons and due to this, caesium is more reactive.
Fracium is really heavy element and there are many positive charges present in the nucleus of the francium. Due to the presence of more positive charges, electrons in the francium revolve at a speed of light. The electrons in the francium are closer to the nucleus than the caesium and it is harder to remove valence electrons in the caesium.
Therefore, caesium is reactive than the francium due to the ionization energy, atomic radius and effective nuclear charge.
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What is albumin in eggs?.
Albumins, not to be confused with albumen (egg white), are a class of water-soluble proteins that are present in blood serum, milk, and egg white. Albuminoids are all compounds that contain albumin.
What is Albumen ?
Albumen was originally used to describe water-soluble protein systems, including egg white, that contain proteins other than albumins.
The clear substance surrounding an egg's yolk is referred as albumen. It may be referred to as an egg white, puggle, or glair when beaten or cooked because of its white appearance. This substance is distinct from albumin, which are water-soluble proteins found in various of animals, including humans. Human blood plasma contains albumin. To confuse matters, some proteins found in egg whites are dissolved in water. About 15% protein and 85% water make up the average egg white.
So, we can state that Albumin in eggs called albumen (egg white).
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What is the chemical formula for chlorous acid?
What does a sanitizer test kit measure pH or strength?.
Sanitizer kit is used to clean the surfaces from pathogens and infectants. These microbes are having an optimum pH to live and thus, pH of the sanitizer must to be tested to ensure its effectiveness against microbes.
What is pH?
pH of a substance is the measure of its H+ ions concentration. Mathematically it is the negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration. The pH of above 7 is basic and the pH below 7 is acidic.
Microbes have an optimum temperature and pH up to which they can survive. They cannot be survived at extreme conditions such as extreme cold or hot similar for the pH conditions.
Therefore, to kill the infectious agents sanitizers must be prepared in a suitable pH at which microbes cant survive. Thus, sanitizer test kit measure pH or strength before use to ensure its effectiveness.
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a sample is dissolved in water. one out of every 1000 molecules dissociate and donate a proton. this is 1. a weak base. 2. a strong base. 3. a weak acid. 4. neither an acid nor a base. 5. a strong acid.
Answer:
3. A week Acid.
Explanation:
a sample is dissolved in water. one out of every 1000 molecules dissociate and donate a proton.
1. a weak base.
2. a strong base.
3. a weak acid.
4. neither an acid nor a base.
5. a strong acid.
Brainliest Please?
Which best describes how to correct wilam’s error? the first result should state that frequencies of light that were lower than the frequency threshold of the metal could not eject electrons. the second result should state that as soon as light struck the metal, protons were ejected. the second result should state that just before light struck the metal, electrons were ejected. the third result should state that the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons depends only on the frequency of the photons.
The option that best describes how to correct the Wiliam error, is The third result, should state that the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons depends only on the frequency of the photons. Correct answer: letter D.
Since, the best way to correct Wiliam's error is to edit the third result to state that the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons depends only on the frequency of the photons. This can be done by replacing the existing sentence with the new sentence, or simply adding it as an additional statement.
What is the photoelectric effect according to William?The photoelectric effect, first explained by Albert Einstein in 1905, is the phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal when light of a certain frequency, or energy level, is shone upon it.
The photoelectric effect was first observed by William Hallwachs in 1887. Hallwachs observed that when light was shone on a metal, an electric current was produced. This current was proportional to the intensity of the light and independent of its frequency, leading him to conclude that the energy of the light was being transferred to the electrons in the metal.
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The molar mass of iron (iii) oxide (fe2o3) is 159.7 g/mol. what is the correct way to write the molar mass of iron oxide as a conversion factor? startfraction 159.7 grams upper f e subscript 2 upper o subscript 3 over 159.7 moles upper f e subscript 2 upper o subscript 3 endfraction. startfraction 1 gram upper f e subscript 2 upper o subscript 3 over 159.7 moles upper f e subscript 2 upper o subscript 3 endfraction. startfraction 159.7 grams upper f e subscript 2 upper o subscript 3 over 1 mole upper f e subscript 2 upper o subscript 3 endfraction. startfraction 1 gram upper f e subscript 2 upper o subscript 3 over 1 mole upper f e subscript 2 upper o subscript 3 endfraction.
The molar mass of iron (iii) oxide (Fe₂O₃) is 159.7 g/mol. the correct way to write the molar mass of iron oxide as a conversion factor is :
159.7 g Fe₂O₃/ 1 mol
The molar mass of Fe₂O₃ = 159.7 g/mol
molar mass of the substance is the mass in grams per mole of a substance.
the molar mass of Fe = 55.8 g/mol
the molar mass of O = 16 g/mol
the molar mass of Fe₂O₃ = 2 × 55.8 + 3 × 16
= 159.7 g/mol
the molar mass of Fe₂O₃ = 159.7 g/mol
the correct way of write the molar mass of Fe₂O₃ = 159.7 g Fe₂O₃/ 1 mol.
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draw the lewis structure for sulfur dioxide, so2. which of the statements below is true for the lewis structure of the so2 molecule? view available hint(s)for part a draw the lewis structure for sulfur dioxide, so2. which of the statements below is true for the lewis structure of the so2 molecule? there is one lone pair of electrons on the sulfur atom. there are double bonds between the sulfur atom and each of the oxygen atoms. there are single bonds between the sulfur atom and each of the oxygen atoms. there are two lone pairs of electrons on the sulfur atom.
There is one lone pair of electrons on the sulphur atom and there are double bonds between the sulphur atom and each of oxygen atoms.
What is lewis structure?A Lewis Structure is a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It is used to show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule. Electrons are shown as "dots" or for bonding electrons as a line between the two atoms.
What is lone pair?Lone pair (nonbonded pair, nonbonded electron pair): A valence shell electron pair associated with one atom, and not part of a covalent bond. Can be part of a noncovalent interaction. The oxygen atom of water has two lone pairs.
What is single and double bonds?A single bond is formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons, whereas a double bond is formed when two atoms share two pairs (four electrons).
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TRUE/FALSE. according to our article, in humans, it looks like the habitual consumption of food, specifically calorie dense food, can elicit changes in brain responses that mirror drug addiction.
TRUE, in humans, it looks like the habitual consumption of food, specifically calorie-dense food, can elicit changes in brain responses that mirror drug addiction.
The term "food addiction" describes compulsive eaters who frequently have uncontrollable eating episodes (binge eating). Binge eating is the practice of consuming an unhealthy amount of food while feeling out of control.
The brain's pleasure centers are activated and "feel-good" neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin are released when "highly appealing" foods, or those heavy in carbohydrates, fat, salt, sugar, or artificial sweeteners, are consumed.
Despite not being included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), food addiction can resemble other addictions and frequently needs the same therapies and support to be overcome. Thankfully, several initiatives and therapies can offer care.
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Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
Zn; 65.38 g/mol
A 3.79 L container can hold 0.15 moles H2 gas. What mass of Zn is required to generate 0.15 mol H2
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, the mass of Zn required to generate 0.15 mol of H₂ is 9.807 grams.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
Zn: 1 moleHCl: 2 moles ZnCl₂: 1 moleH₂: 1 moleThe molar mass of the compounds is:
Zn: 65.38 g/moleHCl: 36.45 g/moleZnCl₂: 136.28 g/moleH₂: 2 g/moleThen, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
Zn: 1 mole ×65.38 g/mole= 65.38 gramsHCl: 2 moles ×36.45 g/mole= 72.9 gramsZnCl₂: 1 mole ×136.28 g/mole= 136.28 gramsH₂: 1 mole ×2 g/mole= 2 gramsMass of Zn requiredThe following rule of three can be applied: If by reaction stoichiometry 1 mole of H₂ is generated by 65.38 grams of Zn, 0.15 mole of H₂ is generated by how much mass of Zn?
mass of Zn= (0.15 mole of H₂× 65.38 grams of Zn)÷ 1 mole of H₂
mass of Zn= 9.807 grams
Finally, a mass of 9.807 grams of Zn are required.
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when filling degenerate orbitals, electrons fill them singly first, with parallel spins. this way of filling orbitals known as
When filling degenerate orbitals, electrons fill them singly first, with parallel spins. This way of filling orbitals follows Hund's rule.
Each and every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is occupied by two electrons, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin, and this follows the Hund's rule.
Before paring first the electrons go into an empty orbital. Due to the negative charge of electrons, electrons are attracted to one another. To reduce repulsion, the electrons do not share orbitals.
The spins of unpaired electrons in singly occupied orbitals are the same when the second rule is taken into action.
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12.3 show that the minimum cation-anion radius ratio for a coordination number of 6 is 0.414. [hint: use the nacl crystal structure (figure 12.2), and assume that anions and cations are just touching along cube edges and across face diagonals.]
If we use the NaCl crystal structure for the minimum cation to anion radius ratio for a co-ordination number of 6, then its ratio is 0.414.
In the given problem, we need to find out the cation-anion ratio of a co-ordination number 6. In the attached image, we can see the one of the face of rock-salt structure in which cation and anion just touch along the edges, and face the diagonals.
In the face of rock salt, we can see that triangle FGH is formed and the GF is equal to 2ra because it is divided in two atoms. Hence GF=2a and
FH=GH=ra+rc
Since FGH is a right angle triangle and according to pythagoras theorem
(ra+rc)²+(ra+rc)²=(2ra)²
2(ra+rc)²=4ra²
(ra+rc)²=4ra²/2
Take square root on both side
ra+rc=2ra/√2
Divide both side by ra
(ra+rc)/ra=2/√2
1+(rc/ra)=2/√2
rc/ra=(2/√2)-1
rc/ra=(2/1.414)-1
rc/ra=1.414-1
rc/ra=0.414
Therefore, the minimum cation-anion radius ratio for a coordination number of 6 is 0.414.
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How is concentration related to mole fraction?.
Concentration is related to mole fraction as - A unit of concentration is a mole fraction.
The mole fraction, which is denoted by "X," is a unit of measurement for the ratio of solute to solvent in a solution. The number of moles of a particular component in the solution divided by the overall number of moles in the sample solution is known as the mole fraction. It can be said in a variety of ways: molarity, or the number of solute molecules per litre of solution; mole fraction, or the proportion of solute molecules to all other molecules present.
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What are the 4 types of ionic compounds?.
The 4 types of ionic compounds are
(a) Sodium chloride
(b) Potassium Phosphate
(c) Magnesium sulphate
(d) Calcium phosphide
What are ionic compounds ?An ionic compound in chemistry is a chemical complex made up of ions kept together by electrostatic forces known as ionic bonding. Although the chemical is generally neutral, it does contain positively charged ions known as cations and negatively charged ions known as anions.
Ions, which are formed when an atom (or group of atoms) acquires or loses electrons, are the charged particles that make up ionic compounds. An ion with a positive charge is a cation, whereas one with a negative charge is an anion.Learn more about Ionic compounds here:
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What function represents a geometric sequence?.
All exponential functions represent geometric sequences. Hence option B. A(n) = p(1 + i)ⁿ⁻¹, where n is a positive integer.
All exponential features constitute geometric sequences. a geometrical progression, additionally called a geometric sequence, is a sequence of non-zero numbers wherein each term after the first is found by using multiplying the previous one by using a set, non-0 variety called the common ratio.
A geometric sequence is a sequence of numbers that follows a sample were the next time period is observed by means of multiplying by means of a consistent referred to as the not unusual ratio, r.a geometric series is a sequence wherein the ratio of any term to the previous time period is consistent.
The specific formulation for a geometric series is of the form an = a1r-1, in which r is the not-unusual ratio.The name geometric collection suggests each term is the geometric suggest of its two neighboring phrases, much like how the call mathematics series shows every time period is the arithmetic mean of its neighboring phrases.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete,please see below for the complete question.
What function represents a geometric sequence?
1. A(n) = P + (n-1)i.P, where n is any real number.
2. A(n) = P(n+i)^n-¹, where n is any positive integer.
3. A(n) = P(n+i)^n-¹, where n is any real integer.
4. A(n) = P + (n-1)i.P, where n is any positive integer.
Which kind of thermal energy transfer warms your hand when you hold a hot
mug of tea?
A. Radiation
B. Convection
C. Conduction
D.Translation
[tex]\huge \boxed{\sf C}[/tex]
Conduction: Heat transfers into hands when holding a hot cup of coffee. Heat energy is transferred between or inside substances by conduction. We can use any media for conduction, but physical media is required.
The kind of thermal energy transfer that warms your hand when you hold a hot mug of tea is called conduction. The correct option is C.
What is conduction?Direct contact between molecules inside a substance allows for the transfer of energy, typically in the form of heat and/or electricity. Conduction can occur in gases, liquids, and solids.
Conduction heat transfer primarily takes place in stationary mediums, including solids or fluids that are at rest.
When holding a hot cup of coffee, heat is transferred to the hands. Conduction is the method of transferring heat energy inside or between materials. Any medium can be used for conduction, although physical mediums are necessary.
Therefore, the correct option is C. Conduction is correct for the process mentioned above.
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The local area network software called a __ server provides workstations with the authorization to access a particular printer, accepts and queues print jobs, prints cover sheets, and allows users access to the job queue for routine and administrative functions.
print
The local area network software called a print server gives workstations with the authorization in accessing a particular printer, accepts and queues print jobs, prints cover sheets, as well as allowing users access to the job queue for routine and administrative functions.
Printer server or print server is basically a server that serves as a connection for communication between printers and client computers in a network whether it be a local area network or a wide area network. Print server enables back and forth communication between printers and client computers or mobile devices allowing them to queue or delete print or scanning jobs. Print server connection may be set up via a wired or wireless network router.
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What do the chain of amino acids do next after they leave the ribosome )?.
After the amino acid chain leaves the ribosome, Endoplasmic Reticulum folds, modifies, and transports the protein.
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, serves as a factory where proteins from the ER are further processed and sorted before being transported to their final destinations: lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, dynamic structure in the cell that performs numerous functions such as calcium storage, protein synthesis, and lipid metabolism. The ER's various functions are carried out by distinct domains, which include tubules, sheets, and the nuclear envelope.
Endoplasmic reticulum is classified into two types: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Their primary function in cells is to produce proteins, and ribosomes are attached to their surface. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Their primary function in the liver and kidney cells is to produce lipids and detoxify toxins in the body.
Therefore, the chain of amino acids, after they leave the ribosomes, they are found in the endoplasmic reticulum and the further reaction takes place to complete the whole process which the endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for.
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calculate the volume in milliliters of a 1.47 mol/l sodium thiosulfate solution that contains 100. g of sodium thiosulfate
In this question, we are given with
mass of sodium thiosulfate = 100g
We know that, Molar mass of sodium thiosulfate = 158 g/mol
number of moles = Given mass/ Molar Mass
Number of moles of sodium thiosulfate = 100/158
Number of moles of sodium thiosulfate = 0.63 moles
We are given with molarity of solution,
Molarity of Solution = 1.47 M
We know that, Molarity = number of moles/Volume (in liters)
1.47 = 0.63/V
V = 0.63/1.47
Volume in liters = 0.430 L
(In ml)
Volume = 430 ml
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cfc's are in the environment because they were released into the atmosphere. what was the use of cfc's?
The production of aerosol sprays, foam blowing agents, packing materials, solvents, and refrigerants all employ CFCs.
What is CFC?
A group of compounds known as CFCs (sometimes referred to as Freons) are based on the hydrocarbon skeletons of hydrocarbons (often methane) in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms have been swapped out for chlorine and/or fluorine atoms.
CFCs are chemicals that include carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. Air conditioners, perfumes, and freezers all consume CFCs. Because CFCs are odorless and non-flammable, they are simple to utilise in home settings.
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An alpha cannot penetrate your skin. Once inside the body, however, an alpha source is the most hazardous radiation since it causes the most ionizing events per unit length. There is really only one way a sealed alpha source can hurt you. What is it?.
There is really only one way a sealed alpha source can hurt you. It is B. By ingestion.
Alpha is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. within the gadget of Greek numerals, it has a price of 1. Alpha is derived from the Phoenician letter aleph, that's the West Semitic word for "ox". Letters that arose from alpha include the Latin letter A and the Cyrillic letter А.
Alpha refers to a dominant person or their conduct, in particular with admire for socially competitive, hyper-masculine men.The word "Alpha" comes from the primary letter of the Greek alphabet and symbolizes the beginning or the start line of a journey.
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complete this reaction with the appropriate product. then balance this equation by typing the correct coefficients in the blanks. please enter a 1 instead of leaving any blank. c2h5oh o2 --> h2o
This reaction when the right product is used. then make this equation equal.
O2 + CO2 + H2O + C2H5OH (unbalanced)
C2H5OH +3O2 (g). 2CO2(g)+3H2O(balanced)
What does the term "response" mean?
Resistance or opposition to a force, influence, or movement is a reactionary act, process, or occurrence. especially: propensity for an outdated political, social, or policy system from the past. a reaction to a procedure, circumstance, or event.
A physical reaction is what?
A physical response is a reaction that modifies the physical characteristics of an item or material Physical characteristics include things like mass, volume, and density. The definition of a physical reaction is a response in which molecules rearrange each other but do not undergo chemical change.
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calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 12.0 g of na2cro4 in enough water to produce a solution with a volume of 680. ml .
when drawing the lewis structure of a molecule, start by determining the total number of available valence based on each element's choose... then, use the total number of electrons needed for each element to be stable, generally based on the octet rule, to determine the ionic charge by finding the difference between the number of needed and available electrons divided by two. next, identify the central atom, which is the element with the greatest electronegativity other than hydrogen. finally, arrange the number of bonds around the central atom to fulfill the stable number of electrons for each element.
When drawing the lewis structure of a molecule, start by determining the total number of available valence based on each element's electronic configuration.
Then, use the total number of electrons needed for each element to be stable, generally based on the octet rule, to determine the ionic charge by finding the difference between the number of needed and available electrons divided by two. next, identify the central atom, which is the element with the greatest electronegativity other than hydrogen. finally, arrange the number of bonds around the central atom to fulfill the stable number of electrons for each element. This question has blanks that are already filled in except the 1st one.
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