Answer:
D. 2H_{g}*O(g) -> 2H_{g}(g) + O_{g}(g)
The reaction 2N*H_{3}(g) -> N_{3}(g) + 3H_{3}(g) would have a decrease in entropy. In this reaction, the number of moles of gas on the right side of the equation is greater than on the left side, so the entropy increases. The other reactions would have an increase in entropy.
Which of the following is an endothermic reaction?
Combustion
Photosynthesis
Neutralisation
Respiration
Answer: Photosynthesis and Respiration
Explanation: Endothermic (thermic meaning heat) is a process in which energy (heat) is consumed. Both the reactions of photosynthesis and respiration consume heat.
If 3.50 moles of Br2 are used, how many grams of KBr are formed? 2 K + 1 Br2 --> 2 KBr
Answer:
Explanation:
2 K + 1 Br₂ ⇒ 2 KBr
Use the balanced equation and the molar mass of KBr to find grams of KBr formed from 3.50 moles of Br₂.
Note that all units cancel except grams of KBr, which is what is being asked.
3.50 mol Br₂ x (2 mol KBr/1 mol Br₂) x (119.00 g KBr/1 mol KBr) = 833 g KBr
2 Al + 3 Cl2 2 AlCl3
Aluminum reacts very vigorously with chlorine. 0.127 moles of chlorine will produce how many moles of product?
How many moles of aluminium metal will you need?
As per the given balanced chemical equation, 3 moles of Cl gives 2 moles of the product aluminum chloride. Hence, 0.127 moles will give 0.084 moles of product and it needs 0.084 moles of Al to react.
What is aluminum chloride ?Aluminum chloride is an ionic compound formed from aluminum metal and chlorine atoms. Al donates its three valance electrons to three Cl atoms and form the compound AlCl₃.
As per the given reaction, 2 moles of Al reacts with 3 moles of chlorine gives 2 moles of the product aluminum chloride. Therefore, the number of moles of product formed by 0.127 moles of chlorine is :
(0.127 × 2)/3 = 0.084 moles.
2 moles of Al reacts with 3 moles of Cl molecules. Hence, 0.127 moles of Cl₂ requires 0.084 moles of Al metal.
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A 400-MHz instrument found a proton at 7.78 ppm. What is the chemical shift from TMS in hertz?
The chemical shift of the proton from TMS is 3.112 Hz.
What is a chemical shift?Generally, The chemical shift of a proton from TMS (tetramethylsilane) in Hz can be calculated as follows:
δ (in Hz) = δ (in ppm) x (frequency in MHz) / 10^6
Plugging in the values, we get:
δ (in Hz) = 7.78 ppm x (400 MHz) / 10^6 = 3.112 Hz
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A compound is found to contain 31.42 % sulfur , 31.35 % oxygen , and 37.23 % fluorine by mass. What is the empirical formula?
The empirical formula for the compound containing 31.42% sulfur, 31.35% oxygen, and 37.23% fluorine is SO₂F₂
How do I determine the empirical formula?We'll begin by listing out the given parameters from the question. This given below:
Sulphur (S) = 31.42% Oxygen (O) = 31.35%Fluorine (F) = 37.23%Empirical formula =?The empirical formula for the compound can be obtained as follow:
Divide by their molar mass
S = 31.42 / 32 = 0.982
O = 31.35 / 16 = 1.959
F = 37.23 / 19 = 1.959
Divide by the smallest
S = 0.982 / 0.982 = 1
O = 1.959 / 0.982 = 2
F = 1.959 / 0.982 = 2
Thus, we can conclude the empirical formula for the compound is SO₂F₂
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how much heat will be absorbed by a 52.7 g piece of aluminum as it changes temperature from 23.0 c to 67.0c
The amount of heat absorbed by 52.7 g of aluminum as it changes temperature from 23.0 c to 67.0c is solved to be 2044.48 J.
What is specific heat capacity?For thermodynamic investigations, scientists needed a measurement that was independent of the quantity or size of the material being considered, therefore they created the concept of specific heat capacity.
Being unaffected by the quantity or size of the matter makes it an intense quality. A material's or matter's specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass of that substance by one degree Celsius.
To calculate the heat absorbed by a piece of aluminum as its temperature changes, use the formula:
Q = mcΔT
where:
Q is heat
m is mass (52.7 g)
c is specific heat capacity of aluminum (0.90 J/g°C)
ΔT is change in temperature (67.0°C - 23.0°C = 44.0°C)
Plugging in the values, we get:
Q = 52.7 g * 0.90 J/g°C * 44.0°C = 2044.48 J.
So, the 52.7 g piece of aluminum absorbs 2044.48 J of heat as its temperature changes from 23.0°C to 67.0°C.
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6. Discuss the successes and the shortcomings of the conservative reaction to the French Revolution as seen in the actions of the Congress of Vienna and the Holy Alliance
The Congress of Vienna and the Holy Alliance were conservative reactions to the French Revolution that aimed to restore stability and order to Europe after the revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
Successes of the conservative reaction include:Re-establishment of the balance of power in Europe through territorial adjustments and the creation of a system of alliances to prevent future warsRestoration of the rule of hereditary monarchs in many countries, which helped to re-establish traditional forms of governance
Shortcomings of the conservative reaction include:
The strict enforcement of political and social conservatism stifled liberal and nationalistic movements, leading to further political unrest in the decades to comeThe Congress of Vienna's emphasis on restoring the balance of power rather than promoting individual liberties led to the suppression of national self-determination movementsRead more about the French Revolution here:
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A student determined the average concentration of total reducible iodine in the aqueous phase from their 'best two' determinations in Part 1 to be 0.0185 M. They also determined the average concentration of I2 in the CH2Cl2 phase from their 'best two' determinations in Part 2 to be 0.0197 M. Determine what the concentration of I2 in water would be based on this student's previous work. Report your final answer, in mol/L, to 6 decimal places and only include the numerical value (no units). Do not use scientific notation for this question.
Answer:
Based on the student's work, the concentration of I2 in water would be 0.001202 mol/L.
Part 1 to be 0.0185 M. They also determined the average concentration of I2 in the CH2Cl2 phase from their 'best two' determinations in Part 2 to be 0.0197 M.The concentration of iodine present in water in mol/L is 0.0009.
What is the concentration ?A substance's concentration is the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution. Molarity is the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution and is used to express concentrations.
Given:
Step 1:
The total concentration of reducible iodine is 0.0185 M
The concentration of iodine in dichloromethane layer is 0.0197 M
Step 2 :
Therefore, the concentration of iodine present in layer can be calculated as follows:
Concentration of iodine in water = Concentration of iodine in dichloromethane layer - Total concentration of reducible iodine
= 0.0197 M - 0.0185 M
= 0.0009 M or 0.0009 mol/L
Therefore, the concentration of iodine present in water in mol/L is 0.0009.
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a 25.0-ml sample containing cu2 gave an instrument signal of 25.2 units (23.6 units in 6th edition) (corrected for a blank). when exactly 0.500 ml of 0.0275 m (0.0287 m in 6th edition) cu(no3)2 was added to the solution, the signal increased to 45.1 units (37.9 units in 6th edition).
The molar concentration of Cu²⁺ is 6.964 x 10^-4 mol.
Calculate the number of moles of Cu(NO₃)₂ which was added to the solution. The number of moles is determined using the molar concentration formula which is given by:
C = n/V where C is the concentration of solution in mol/L, n is the number of moles of solute, and V is the volume of solution in L.
For Cu(NO₃)₂:
C = 0.0275 mol/L
V = 0.5 mL or 0.0005 L
Hence,
0.0275 = n/0.0005
n = 0.0275*0.0005 = 1.375 x 10^-5 mol
When the n is added to the signal increases from 25.2 units to 45.1 units. Hence, relating the number of moles to the signal,
1.375 x 10^-5 mol → 19.9 units (45.1 – 25.2 = 19.9 units)
x mol → 25.2 units
Hence,
x = 1.375 x 10^-5 * 25.2/19.9 = 1.741 x 10^-5 mol
Calculate the Cu²⁺ concentration using the molar concentration formula:
C = 1.741 x 10^-5 mol/ 0.025mL = 6.964 x 10^-4 mol
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: A 25.0-mL sample containing Cu²⁺ gave an instrument signal of 25.2 units. When exactly 0.500 mL of 0.0275 M Cu(NO₃)₂ was added to the solution, the signal increased to 45.1 units. Calculate the molar concentration of Cu2+ assuming that the signal was directly proportional to the analyte concentration.
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Would you expect deuterium,the hydrogen isotope with a mass of 2 amu, to emit light at the same wave lengths as hydrogen? why or why not? justify your answer using the Bohr model.
Deuterium (D, or 2H), also known as heavy hydrogen, is an isotope of hydrogen that has a nucleus made up of one proton and one neutron and has a mass twice that of regular hydrogen's nucleus (one proton). The atomic weight of deuterium is 2.014.
What are isotopes ?Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. They differ in mass, which affects their physical characteristics even though they have nearly identical chemical properties.
The most prevalent element in the universe, hydrogen, has isotopes called deuterium and tritium. All hydrogen isotopes have one proton, but tritium and deuterium also have one neutron each, making their ion masses heavier than those of protium, the only hydrogen isotope without a neutron.
Thus, deuterium,the hydrogen isotope with a mass of 2 amu, to emit light at the same wave lengths as hydrogen.
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Determine the best way to deal with each of the following items that may dangle into the way during lab work.
flowy sleeves ________
loose bracelets ________
long necklaces _________
long earrings ________
long hair ________
flowy sleeves--Tie back or secure
loose bracelets-- Remove
long necklaces--Remove
long earrings--Remove
long hair--Tie back or secure
Roll up the flowy sleeves, loose bracelets, long necklaces, long earrings should be removed or tucked under clothing. Tie the long hairs.
The best way to deal is,
Flowy sleeves: Roll up or tuck in the sleeves to prevent them from interfering with lab equipment.
Loose bracelets: Remove the bracelets or tuck them under gloves.
Long necklaces: Remove the necklaces or tuck them under clothing to prevent them from getting caught on equipment.
Long earrings: Remove the earrings or tuck them under clothing.
Long hair: Tie hair back or wear a hairnet to prevent hair from getting caught on equipment.
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Charlotte is driving at 53.5 mi/h and receives a text message. She looks down at her phone and takes her eyes off the road for 3.97 s. How far has Charlotte traveled in feet during this time?
Question 4 A gas, initially at 7.6 atm and 11,394.7 mL, is compressed to 6.1 L. What is the new pressure of the gas? 1.5 p
Answer:
To calculate the new pressure of the gas, you can use the ideal gas law equation:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
Where P₁ and V₁ are the initial pressure and volume, and P₂ and V₂ are the final pressure and volume. Plugging in the given values, we get:
7.6 atm x 11394.7 mL = P₂ x 6100 L
Solving for P₂, we get:
P₂ = 7.6 atm x 11394.7 mL / 6100 L
Therefore, the new pressure of the gas is 10.5 atm.
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Exercise: A. What volume of 0.0500 mol/L KMnO4 (aq) is needed to oxidize all the Br (aq) ions in 25.0 mL of an acidic 0.200 mol/L NaBr (aq) solution according to the following unbalanced equation. B. Concentration of manganese ion in the product. c- Mass of bromine in the final solution. MnO4 (aq) + Br (aq) →Br2 (aq) + Mn2+ (aq) Given: Mn- 55; Br-80.
Exercise: A. What volume of 0.0500 mol/L KMnO4 (aq) is needed to oxidize all the Br (aq) ions in 25.0 mL of an acidic 0.200 mol/L NaBr (aq) solution according to the following unbalanced equation. B. Concentration of manganese ion in the product. c- Mass of bromine in the final solution. MnO4 (aq) + Br (aq) →Br2 (aq) + Mn2+ (aq) Given: Mn- 55; Br-80.
A. To find the volume of 0.0500 mol/L KMnO4 needed to oxidize all the Br ions, we need to determine the number of moles of Br present in 25.0 mL of 0.200 mol/L NaBr solution:
0.200 mol/L x (25.0 mL / 1000 mL/L) = 0.005 mol of NaBr
Since the reaction goes to completion, all the Br will be oxidized, and the same number of moles of KMnO4 will be consumed:
0.005 mol / 0.0500 mol/L = 0.100 L = 100.0 mL
So, 100.0 mL of 0.0500 mol/L KMnO4 is needed.
B. After all the Br ions have been oxidized, the concentration of Mn2+ ions can be calculated from the number of moles of KMnO4 consumed:
0.005 mol / 0.100 L = 0.050 mol/L
C. The mass of bromine in the final solution can be calculated from the number of moles of Br2 and its molar mass:
0.005 mol * (2 x Br-80 g/mol) = 0.160 g = 160.0 mg
About MolThe mole is a unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) for the amount of substance. The number of molecules per mole is known as Avogadro's number, and is defined as the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams, that is equal to the average relative molecular mass of the substance.
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Pre-Test project) (LSICS-EN-R-PSD-LE-JHS-19). anging historical events, and implementing a A. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer 1. Complete the statement below: Events in a sequence series appears "Just Follow Me" A. chronologically B. in any order 2. Which is not a term that denotes sequence? A. Initially B. At the beginning C. Subsequently 4. Complete the statement below: The imperative form A. gives instructions B. expresses a surprise C. makes statements 3. Which of these sentences is in imperative form? A. Are you quiet? B. You be quiet. C. You are quiet. D. Thoroughly E. Finally F. Ultimately
Answer:
The correct answers to the questions are A. chronologically, C. makes statements, B. You be quiet, and F. Ultimately.
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These building bricks are in the same container. What type of matter would it represent?
A. a mixture consisting of two compounds
B. a mixture consisting of two elements
C. a compound
D. a mixture of an element and a compound
The container's building bricks are a type of material known as a mixture since it consists of two different components.
What is being displayed?A mixture of two chemicals would be the kind of substance represented in the diagram. This is so because the first brick is made of two separate elements, one of which is yellow and the other of which is black. The other block has a red and blue color scheme to indicate that it is also a composite made up of two separate elements.
What are combinations and substances?Chemical reactions between two or more elements can result in the formation of compounds. Physical mixing of two or more substances results in the formation of mixtures. 2. Types. Three categories of compounds are possible.
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You have accidentally broken a test tube and spilled a chemical on the table. Which of the following best explains what you should do FIRST? (Circle one.)
a. Use water and paper towels to clean up the spill; place the broken test tube in the disposal container specified for sharp objects.
b. Throw the glass into the nearest trash bin and let the spill air-dry.
c. Quickly dispose of the glass, wipe up the spill with the nearest cloth, and hope nobody notices.
d. Caution your lab partners to avoid the area while you inform the teacher of the small accident.
Option (d) is correct. According to the lab safety guidelines, if you accidentally broke a test tube and spilled a chemical on the table you should caution your lab partners to avoid the area while you inform the teacher of the small accident.
We should follow the lab safety guidelines. We should clean the chemical if we totally know about the chemical. Cleaning with water is totally dangerous as you know adding water to concentrated solution cause fire in the lab or extremely exothermic reaction occur. It is very risky to use water to clean the spill. The things like disposing test tube in special container is a good step. There are some chemical which are very harmful and smell very poisonous. so its very risky throwing the sharp test tube glass pieces into bin without disposal is dangerous.
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5. Calculate the number of moles of gas in a 3.24 L basketball inflated to a total pressure of 25.1 psi at 25°C. What is the total pressure (in psi) of gas in this basketball if the temperature is changed to 0°C?
Answer:
The number of moles of gas in a 3.24 L container at a pressure of 25.1 psi and a temperature of 25°C can be calculated using the ideal gas law, PV = nRT.
P = pressure in atm, V = volume in L, n = number of moles, R = the ideal gas constant (0.0821 Latm/molK), and T = temperature in Kelvins.
So, n = (PV)/(RT) = (25.1 psi x 3.24 L) / (0.0821 Latm/molK x (273.15 + 25)) = 0.00505 moles.
We can use the ideal gas law again to find the total gas pressure in the basketball if the temperature changes to 0°C.
P1V1=P2V2
Where P1, V1 = initial pressure and volume, and P2, V2 = final pressure and volume
Since volume V2 is constant and can be assumed same as V1 , we can say P2=P1(T1/T2)
P2= 25.1 psi * (25 + 273.15) / (273.15 + 0) = 25.1 psi * 298.15 / 273.15 = 27.95 psi.
Explanation:
For many purposes we can treat propane (C3H8) as an ideal gas at temperatures above its boiling point of -42. °C. Suppose the temperature of a sample of propane gas is lowered from 35.0 °C to 4.0 °C, and at the same time the pressure is increased by 5.0%.
Does the volume of the sample increase, decrease, or stay the same?
If you said the volume increases or decreases, calculate the percentage change in the volume. Round your answer to the nearest percent.
The volume of the sample will decrease. To calculate the percentage change in the volume, use the ideal gas equation: PV = nRT.
We know the Pressure, Temperature, and number of moles (n) of the gas. Since we are looking for the percentage change in volume, we can rearrange the equation to solve for V: V = nRT/P. So, the new volume is V2 = nRT2/P2, and the old volume is V1 = nRT1/P1. The percentage change in volume is then (V2-V1)/V1 x 100%.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
(nR(4.0+273.15)/(1.05P(35.0+273.15)) - nR(35.0+273.15)/P(35.0+273.15))/nR(35.0+273.15)/P(35.0+273.15) x 100% = -11.9%,
so the volume decreases by 11.9%.
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If an experiment calls for .01 ml of acetic acid, which pipetman should you grab?
a. P200
b. the red one
c. P1000
d. P20
Answer:
You should grab a P20 pipetman for an experiment that calls for .01 ml of acetic acid.
Hazardous materials responses generally require that responding personnel be specifically trained and equipped to manage a(an):A. fireB. crowdC. chemical releaseD. emergency management plan
Hazardous materials responses generally require that responding personnel be specifically trained and equipped to manage a "chemical release"
To avoid an unauthorised discharge, it's crucial to maintain the mechanical integrity and tightness of the system when examining hazardous chemicals.
Hazard classes are a means to put items with comparable qualities together. All nations that have embraced the GHS will employ the majority of the danger classifications on a global scale.
Hazardous materials are substances or compounds that can be harmful to the environment, constitute a risk to human health, or both.
Any item with the warnings WARNING, CAUTION, POISONOUS, TOXIC, FLAMMABLE, CORROSIVE, REACTIVE, or EXPLOSIVE labelled on it should be regarded as potentially dangerous. Hazardous trash cannot be disposed of the same way as normal rubbish. For instance, buried pollutants can pollute groundwater by filtering through the earth.
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What is used to measure molecular collisions in matter?
1. an ancient study or art which attempted to combine science and philosophy to solve worldly problems
compound
2. a homogeneous mixture of elements with metals to form metallic solids
nonmetal
3. the simplest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element
atom
4. two or more elements joined together such that the elements have lost their individual identity
element
5. a primary substance that cannot be divided into separate substances
alloy
6. the group of elements that are good conductors of electricity and heat
metal
7. the group of elements that are poor conductors of electricity and heat
alchemy
Explanation:
7. the group of elements that are poor conductors of electricity and heat
nonmetal
The resistance of bacterial endospores to heat, harsh chemicals, and radiation has several implications, including all EXCEPT which of the following? a.Endospores can be seen in Gram-stained smears.
b.Preservation of foods by canning or by irradiation can prevent foodborne illness.
c.Endospores could be used to test the efficacy of sterilization procedures.
d.Endospores will not survive passage through the stomach.
The resistance of bacterial endospores to heat, harsh chemicals, and radiation has several implications, including all except endospores can be seen in Gram-stained smears. The correct option is a.
What are endospores?An endospore is a bacterium that can withstand unfavorable environmental circumstances because it is dormant. Most of the spore's chemical and enzymatic resistance is provided by the outer proteinaceous covering.
Endospores have a hard outer layer comprised of the protein keratin, which makes them resistant to heat and chemicals.
Therefore, the correct option is a. Endospores can be seen in Gram-stained smears.
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A gas with a volume of 4.0L at a pressure of 205 kPa is allowed to expand to a volume of 12000 mL. What is the pressure in atmospheres in the container if the temperature remains constant? (2 sig figs for answer)
30 points
Considering the Boyle's law, the pressure in the container if the temperature remains constant is 0.6744 atm.
Definition of Boyle's lawBoyle's law states that the pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container, when the temperature is constant. That is, if the pressure increases, the volume decreases, while if the pressure decreases, the volume increases.
Mathematically, this law is expressed as:
P×V= k
where:
P is the pressure.V is the volume.k is a constant.Analyzing an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is fulfilled:
P₁×V₁= P₂×V₂
Final pressure in this caseIn this case, you know:
P₁= 205 kPa=2.02319 atm (being 1 atm= 101.325 kPa)V₁= 4 LP₂= ?V₂= 12000 mL= 12 L (being 1000 mL= 1 L)Replacing int the combined law equation:
2.02319 atm ×4 L= P₂× 12 L
Solving:
(2.02319 atm ×4 L)÷ 12 L= P₂
0.6744 atm= P₂
Finally, the final pressure is 0.6744 atm.
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If the volume of the reaction vessel in part (b) was 1.50L, what amount of Br2 (in moles) was formed during the first 15 seconds of the reaction? Consider the following reaction: 2HBr-> H2+Br2
The amount of Br₂ formed in the 15s of the reaction was 0.0153 moles.
2 HBr ⇒ H₂ +Br₂
The concentration of HBr decreased from 0.520M to 0.486M in the first 25 seconds of the reaction.
so the rate of reaction will be
rate = - 1/2 ( [ HBr] form -[HBr] ) δt
i
rate = - 1/2 ( [0.86 -0.520) δt
2
rate = 0.00068 M/s
The average rate of the reaction is 0.00068M/s
rate = δBr²/ δt
0.00068M/s = δBr²/ 15
δBr² = 0.0102 M
moles Br₂ = molarity x volume = 0.0102 M x 1.5 L = 0.0153 moles
According to the estimates above, the reaction produced 0.0153 moles of Br₂ in the first 15 seconds.
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If a molecule of ammonium chloride salt (NH4Cl) were placed in an aqueous solution, it would dissociate. What is the cation?
NH4 with a charge of +1
Cl with a charge of -1
N with a charge of +1
H with a charge of +1
NH with a charge of -1
If a molecule of ammonium chloride salt (NH4Cl) were placed in an aqueous solution, it would dissociate to give ions out of which cation is NH₄ with a charge of +1.
What is an ion?An ion is defined as an atom or a molecule which has a net electrical charge. There are 2 types of ions :1) cation 2) anion . The cation is the positively charged ion and anion is the negatively charged ion . As they are oppositely charged they attract each resulting in the formation of ionic bond.
Ions consisting of single atom are mono-atomic ions while which consists of two or more ions are called as poly-atomic ions . They are created by chemical interactions . They are very reactive in their gaseous state and rapidly react with oppositely charged ions resulting in neutral molecules.
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1.0 x 10^-10 what is the frequency
Answer:
000.19900010
Explanation:
divide the number of times the event occurs by the length of time. Example: Anna divides the number of website clicks (236) by the length of time (one hour, or 60 minutes)
Gold is a very special element that is very ductile. This means that it can be drawn into a wire. One ounce of gold can be drawn into a wire that is around 42.7 miles long. If one ounce of gold currently has a price of $1735, how many feet can one dollar of gold be stretched?
One dollar of gold can be stretched for 129.89 feet.
Dimensional analysis1 ounce of gold = 42.7 miles long
Also, 1 ounce of gold = $1735
If, $1735 of gold = 42.7 miles long
$1 of gold = 42.7/1735
= 0.0246 miles long
1 mile = 5280 feet
0.0246 miles = 0.0246 x 5280
= 129.89 feet
In other words, one dollar's worth of gold can be stretched for about 129.89 feet when it comes to drawing gold into wire.
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The half-life for the radioactive decay of U−238 is 4.5 billion years and is independent of initial concentration.A) How long will it take for 10% of the U−238 atoms in a sample of U−238 to decay?Express your answer using two significant figures.B) If a sample of U−238 initially contained 1.4×1018 atoms when the universe was formed 13.8 billion years ago, how many U−238 atoms will it contain today?Express your answer using two significant figures.
It will it take 0.684 billion year for 10% of the U−238 atoms in a sample of U−238 to decay. If a sample of U−238 initially contained 1.4×1018 atoms when the universe was formed 13.8 billion years ago, there gonna be 1.67 x 10¹⁷ left today.
Half life (t1/2) = 4,5 billion years
10% to decay = 90 % remaining
The decay time can be calculate using formulaln (C/C₀) = - kt
where k is constant
t is time
K = ln(2) / t1/2 = ln(2) / 4.5
so C/C₀ = 0.9
a.)ln (C/C₀) = - kt
ln (0.9) = - ln(2) / 4.5 x t
t = 0.684 billion years
b.) C₀ in initial sample = 1.4 x 10¹⁸
t = 13.8 billion years
ln (C/C₀) = - kt
ln (C/C₀) = - 0.15403 x 13.8
ln (C/C₀) = -2.125
C= C₀ e⁻² ¹²⁵
C = 1.4 x 10¹⁸ x 0.1194 = 1.67 x 10¹⁷
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