The correct statements about an atom represented by the symbol br3579 are:
1. The atom has an atomic number of 35.
2. The atom has 44 protons in its nucleus.
3. The atom has 35 electrons.
Explanation:
- The symbol "br" represents the element bromine, which has an atomic number of 35.
- The number "35" represents the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom, which is equal to the atomic number.
- The number "44" represents the total number of nucleons (protons + neutrons) in the nucleus, which can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number (br3579 is not a valid notation for an atom).
- The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons, which is 35 in this case.
Based on the symbol "br3579" for the atom, the correct statements are:
1. The atom has an atomic number of 35. (The first number, 35, indicates the atomic number which represents the number of protons in the nucleus.)
2. The atom has 35 electrons. (Since the number of protons and electrons are equal in a neutral atom, it will also have 35 electrons.)
The other statements are incorrect:
- The atom does not have 79 neutrons in its nucleus. To find the number of neutrons, you need to subtract the atomic number from the mass number (79). In this case, 79 - 35 = 44 neutrons.
- The atom does not have 44 protons in its nucleus. As mentioned above, the atomic number (35) represents the number of protons in the nucleus.
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What is green chemistry in oxidation rxn?(oxidation lab)
By applying green chemistry principles in oxidation reactions, we can promote the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly chemical processes.
What is green chemistry?Green chemistry is a set of principles and practices aimed at designing chemical processes and products in a way that minimizes the use and generation of hazardous substances and wastes. In the context of oxidation reactions, green chemistry principles can be applied to promote the use of environmentally benign oxidants and reaction conditions, reduce waste generation, and maximize the efficiency of the reaction.
Some examples of green chemistry strategies that can be applied in oxidation reactions include:
1. Using oxygen or air as the oxidant, instead of hazardous chemicals such as chromium(VI) reagents.
2. Using heterogeneous catalysts that can be easily separated and reused, instead of homogeneous catalysts that can generate toxic wastes.
3. Optimizing reaction conditions, such as temperature, pH, and solvent choice, to minimize energy consumption and waste generation.
4. Using renewable feedstocks, such as biomass or waste materials, as the starting materials for the oxidation reaction.
By applying green chemistry principles in oxidation reactions, we can promote the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly chemical processes.
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Explain the Problem with valence bond theory (that resonance couldn't explain)
The problem with Valence Bond theory is that it cannot explain the phenomenon of resonance, which is best described using the molecular orbital theory.
What is Valence bond?According to VB theory, a chemical bond is formed by the overlap of two atomic orbitals, and there is no way to describe a bond that is intermediate between a single bond and a double bond, for example. Resonance structures, which imply that a bond is intermediate between two different bond orders, cannot be explained using VB theory.
To address this problem, chemists developed the molecular orbital (MO) theory, which is a more powerful tool for understanding chemical bonding. In MO theory, a molecule is described by a set of molecular orbitals, which are formed by the combination of atomic orbitals on the constituent atoms. These molecular orbitals extend over the entire molecule, and the electrons in these orbitals are not localized on any one particular atom. MO theory can explain resonance, as the different possible resonance structures of a molecule correspond to different distributions of electrons in the molecular orbitals.
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Which can act as a Brønsted-Lowry base?NH3CO2CH4
Out of the two molecules, NH3 can act as a Brønsted-Lowry base. This is because it has a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom which can accept a proton (H+ ion) from an acid, according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory.
On the other hand, CO2 and CH4 do not have any lone pairs of electrons that can accept protons, and therefore cannot act as bases in this theory. It is important to note that the Brønsted-Lowry theory only applies to reactions that involve proton transfer, and not all reactions. NH3 is a common example of a Brønsted-Lowry base and is often used in acid-base chemistry reactions. Overall, in the given options, only NH3 can act as a Brønsted-Lowry base due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on its nitrogen atom.
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A mixture of two compounds on a TLC plate will move a short distance (Rf = 0.1) and appear as a single spot only if a very polar solvent is used. Which two ways should the system be adjusted for better results (Rf = 0.4 and separation)?
A. Using a less polar eluent and a more active adsorbant (stationary phase)
B. Using a less polar eluent and a less active adsorbant (stationary phase)
C. Using a more polar eluent and a less active adsorbant (stationary phase)
D. Using a more polar eluent and a more active adsorbant (stationary phase)
The system should be adjusted using a more polar eluent and active adsorbent (stationary phase) to achieve better results with a higher Rf value (0.4) and separation between the two compounds. Option D is the correct answer.
In chromatography, the eluent refers to the solvent or mixture of solvents that are used to move a sample through the stationary phase (the material in the column). A polar eluent is a solvent system that has a high polarity and can dissolve polar compounds effectively. In general, polar eluents are used in chromatography when the sample is composed of polar compounds or when the stationary phase is also polar. For example, in normal-phase chromatography, a polar stationary phase is typically used along with a polar eluent, such as a mixture of water and an organic solvent like methanol or acetonitrile. Polar eluents can also be used in reversed-phase chromatography, which uses a nonpolar stationary phase and a polar eluent. This type of chromatography is often used to separate nonpolar compounds, such as lipids and hydrophobic proteins. The choice of eluent depends on the type of chromatography being performed and the properties of the sample being analyzed. The polarity of the eluent can have a significant impact on the separation of different compounds, as more polar compounds will have a stronger interaction with the polar eluent and will therefore move more slowly through the column.
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determine the number of moles of gas in a 2.01 l container at 287.4 k and a pressure of 1.36 atm. round your answer to two decimal places.
There are 2.63 moles of gas in a 2.01 l container at 287.4 K and a pressure of 1.36 atm. Rounding the answer to two decimal places gives us 2.63 moles.
What is pressure ?Pressure is a force per unit area applied to an object. It is measured in units such as pascals (Pa), atmospheres (atm), millimeters of mercury (mmHg), and pounds per square inch (psi). Pressure is typically caused by the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on an object, or by a fluid pushing against the object. Pressure can also be created by the movement of the object, such as when a liquid is stirred or when a gas is compressed. When pressure is applied, it can cause objects to deform, move, or change shape.
The number of moles of gas in a 2.01 l container can be determined by using the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. Plugging in the given values, we get:1.36 atm * 2.01 L = n * 0.0821 * 287.4 K
Solving for n, we get,n = (1.36 atm * 2.01 L) / (0.0821 * 287.4 K)
n = 2.63 moles.
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How does the concentration of ions in a strong base differ from a weak base.
The concentration of ions in a strong base is higher than in a weak base. Strong bases dissociate completely in water, while weak bases only partially dissociate.
Strong bases, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), are 100% ionized in water. This means that they completely dissociate into their respective ions: Na+ and OH- or K+ and OH-. Therefore, the concentration of these ions in a strong base is much higher than in a weak base. Weak bases, on the other hand, only partially dissociate in water.
For example, ammonia (NH₃) only partially dissociates into NH₄+ and OH-. This means that the concentration of NH₄+ and OH- ions in a weak base is lower than in a strong base. The strength of a base is determined by its ability to accept protons (H+ ions), and the degree of dissociation in water plays a significant role in this ability. Strong bases have a higher affinity for protons than weak bases, making them more effective at neutralizing acids.
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why is the salt of the weak acid needed? check all that apply. why is the salt of the weak acid needed?check all that apply. to neutralize added h3o to provide the conjugate base to provide the conjugate acid
The salt of a weak acid is needed to provide its conjugate base. This is because when the weak acid reacts with a strong base, it forms a salt and water. The salt contains the conjugate base of the weak acid, which can react with any excess hydrogen ions (H3O+) in a solution to neutralize it. Additionally, the conjugate base can act as a buffer, helping to maintain the pH of the solution by absorbing excess hydrogen ions or releasing them as needed. The salt does not provide the conjugate acid of the weak acid, as this would require the addition of a strong acid to the solution.In chemistry, a conjugate base is the species that is formed when an acid donates a proton to a base. For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) donates a proton to water (H2O), the resulting species is the chloride ion (Cl-), which is the conjugate base of HCl.
Similarly, a conjugate acid is the species that is formed when a base accepts a proton from an acid. For example, when ammonia (NH3) accepts a proton from water (H2O), the resulting species is the ammonium ion (NH4+), which is the conjugate acid of NH3.In general, the conjugate base of a strong acid is weak, and the conjugate acid of a weak base is strong. For example, the conjugate base of HCl (which is a strong acid) is Cl-, which is a weak base. Similarly, the conjugate acid of NH3 (which is a weak base) is NH4+ which is a strong acid.The concept of conjugate base and conjugate acid is important in acid-base reactions and the calculation of acid and base strength.
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How do we lubricate glass joints?
To lubricate glass joints, there are a few options available. One common method is to use a silicone-based lubricant. This type of lubricant is suitable for glass joints as it doesn't damage the material and is resistant to water, heat, and chemicals.
Silicone lubricant can be applied directly to the joint or using a cotton swab or brush. It is important to avoid using petroleum-based lubricants as they can damage the glass and cause it to crack or break.
Another option is to use a thin layer of glycerin or vegetable oil. These substances can be applied to the joint using a cotton swab or brush, and they provide temporary lubrication for glass joints. However, they are not as long-lasting as silicone lubricant and may need to be reapplied more frequently.
In some cases, it may be necessary to disassemble the joint and clean it before lubricating. This can be done by soaking the joint in warm, soapy water and using a soft-bristled brush to remove any dirt or debris. Once cleaned, the joint can be dried and lubricated using one of the methods mentioned above.
Overall, it is important to choose a lubricant that is safe for use with glass and to apply it carefully to avoid damaging the joint or surrounding areas.
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Which of these metals is the easiest to oxidize? a) sodium b) iron
c) aluminum
d) lithium
e) gold
The easiest metal to oxidize among the given options is sodium (a). Sodium has only one valence electron, which makes it highly reactive with other elements. It readily loses this valence electron to form a sodium ion with a +1 charge. This reaction results in the formation of sodium oxide (Na2O) and sodium peroxide (Na2O2) when it reacts with oxygen.
Sodium is so reactive that it can even catch fire when exposed to air or water, making it a hazardous material. On the other hand, iron (b) and gold (d) are relatively stable metals and do not easily react with oxygen to form oxides. Lithium (c), although it has a similar valence electron configuration to sodium, is not as reactive as sodium due to its smaller atomic size and higher ionization energy.
In conclusion, among the given options, sodium is the easiest metal to oxidize due to its high reactivity and low ionization energy.
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if an indicator electrode measures a potential relative to the s.c.e. of -0.461 v, what is the potential relative to the ag/agcl reference electrode? (remember: ag/agcl ref sat'd kcl)
To convert the potential relative to the S.C.E. to potential relative to the Ag/AgCl reference electrode, we can use the following equation E(Ag/AgCl) = E(S.C.E.) + E(S.C.E./Ag/AgCl) the potential relative to the Ag/AgCl reference electrode is -0.262 V.
An electrode is a conductor through which electrical current enters or leaves a medium, typically an electrolyte or a solution. Electrodes can be made of various materials, depending on the application, and may be designed to either generate or detect electrical signals. In electrochemistry, an electrode is typically used to facilitate the flow of electrons between a chemical reaction and an external circuit. There are two types of electrodes: the anode and the cathode. The anode is the electrode at which oxidation occurs, while the cathode is the electrode at which reduction occurs.
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study this chemical reaction: feso4(aq) mg(s)(s)(aq) then, write balanced half-reactions describing the oxidation and reduction that happen in this reaction.
The oxidation half-reaction is [tex]2 Mg(s) - > 2 Mg^2^+(aq) + 4e^-[/tex], and the reduction half-reaction is [tex]Fe^2^+(aq) + 2e^- - > Fe(s)[/tex].
The chemical reaction given is:
[tex]FeSO_4(aq) + Mg(s) - > MgSO_4(aq) + Fe(s)[/tex]
To write the half-reactions, we need to identify which species are being oxidized and which are being reduced. In this case, the Mg atom is being oxidized to [tex]Mg^2^+[/tex], while the [tex]Fe^2^+[/tex] ion is being reduced to Fe:
Oxidation half-reaction:
[tex]Mg(s) - > Mg^2^+(aq) + 2e^-[/tex]
Reduction half-reaction:
[tex]Fe^2^+(aq) + 2e^- - > Fe(s)[/tex]
To balance the half-reactions, we need to make sure that the number of electrons lost in the oxidation half-reaction is equal to the number of electrons gained in the reduction half-reaction. In this case, the oxidation half-reaction needs to be multiplied by 2 to balance the electrons:
[tex]2 Mg(s) - > 2 Mg^2^+(aq) + 4e^-[/tex]
[tex]Fe^2^+(aq) + 2e^- - > Fe(s)[/tex]
Now, we can add the half-reactions together to get a balanced overall reaction:
[tex]2 Mg(s) + FeSO_4(aq) - > MgSO_4(aq) + Fe(s)[/tex]
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An aluminum hydroxide solution has a pOH of 5.7, while a sodium cyanide solution has a pOH of 13.1. Which solution has the greater concentration of hydroxide?
The aluminum hydroxide solution has a greater concentration of hydroxide ions than the sodium cyanide solution.
Which solution has a greater concentration of hydroxide ions - an aluminum hydroxide solution with pOH 5.7 or a sodium cyanide solution with pOH 13.1?
The pOH of a solution is related to the hydroxide ion concentration [OH-] by the formula:
[tex]pOH &= -\log[OH^-][/tex]
To compare the hydroxide ion concentrations of the given solutions, we can use this formula to calculate the [OH-] for each solution:
[tex][OH^-] &= 10^{-pOH}\[/tex]
For the aluminum hydroxide solution:
[tex][OH^-] &= 10^{-5.7} = \text{1.995}\times10^{-6}\text{ M}\[/tex]
For the sodium cyanide solution:
[tex][OH^-] &= 10^{-13.1} = \text{7.943}\times10^{-14}\text{ M}[/tex]
Therefore, despite the fact that both solutions are basic, the aluminum hydroxide solution has a greater concentration of hydroxide ions than the sodium cyanide solution.
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The mass percent of caco3 in the eggshell sample is closest to.
The mass of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] in the eggshell sample is 8.99 grams.
To calculate the mass of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] in an eggshell sample with a mass percent of 90%, you need to know the total mass of the sample. Let's assume the total mass of the eggshell sample is 10 grams.
The mass percent of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] in the sample is 90%, which means that 9 grams of the sample is made up of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex].
The molecular weight of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] is 100.09 g/mol, so the number of moles of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] in the sample can be calculated as follows:
9 g [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] / 100.09 g/mol = 0.0899 mol [tex]CaCO_3[/tex]
Finally, to calculate the mass of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] in the eggshell sample, we can use the molar mass of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex]:
[tex]0.0899\ mol\ CaCO_3 * 100.09 g/mol = 8.99 g[/tex][tex]CaCO_3[/tex]
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--The complete Question is, What is the mass of CaCO3 in an eggshell sample if the mass percent of CaCO3 in the sample is found to be 90%? --
What is the electron pair geometry around oxygen in a hydronium ion?.
A hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) is a molecule consisting of a water molecule with an additional hydrogen ion attached to it. The oxygen atom in a hydronium ion has four electron groups around it, which gives it a tetrahedral electron pair geometry.
The electron geometry around the oxygen in a hydronium ion is the same as in a regular water molecule, which also has a tetrahedral electron pair geometry. The geometry is determined by the number of electron groups around the central atom, regardless of whether they are lone pairs or bonding pairs.
The oxygen atom has two lone pairs of electrons and two bond pairs (one with each hydrogen atom), giving it a tetrahedral electron pair geometry with sp³ hybridization. This geometry allows the hydronium ion to have a dipole moment, which makes it a polar molecule.
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Where did the spread of opera start and where did it go?
With the production of Jacopo Peri's mostly forgotten Dafne in Florence in 1598, opera began in Italy at the end of the 16th century.
Particularly from Claudio Monteverdi's L'Orfeo and quickly spread throughout Europe: Jean-Baptiste Lully in France, Henry Purcell in England, and Heinrich Schütz in Germany
Where was opera popularized?The first nation where opera gained popularity was Italy. Claudio Monteverdi and Jacopo Peri called it home. This exciting form of entertainment eventually spread throughout the remainder of Europe. Italy, France, and Germany are the primary producers of opera.
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Use the periodic table to determine the ground-state electron configuration for the following element: Te
The ground-state electron configuration for the element Te (tellurium) is [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁴.
What is electron configuration?Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule. It is determined by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. Electron configuration is important because it helps to determine the chemical properties of the atom or molecule. It is also an indicator of the stability of an atom or molecule. Electron configurations are written using the principal quantum number, orbital type, and total spin.
This can be determined by looking at the periodic table. Te is a member of Group 16 (the Chalcogens) and has an atomic number of 52. This means it has 52 protons and 52 electrons. The first two electrons fill the 1s orbital, the next six fill the 2s and 2p orbitals, and the next ten fill the 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals. The remaining 34 electrons fill the 4s, 4p, 4d, and 5s orbitals. This gives the electron configuration of [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁴.
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What can be said about the spontaneity of this reaction?.
The spontaneity of a reaction can be determined by calculating the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the system. If ΔG is negative, the reaction is considered spontaneous and can occur without any external energy input. However, if ΔG is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous and requires energy input to proceed. In other words, spontaneity refers to the tendency of a reaction to occur on its own without any intervention. This is a critical concept in understanding chemical reactions and their feasibility. By analyzing the ΔG of a reaction, we can determine whether it will proceed spontaneously or not. Thus, understanding the spontaneity of reactions is essential in predicting and controlling chemical reactions.
The spontaneity of a reaction refers to its ability to proceed without any external influence, such as energy input. A spontaneous reaction occurs naturally and favors the formation of products. To determine the spontaneity of a reaction, we can consider factors like changes in enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and temperature (T). The Gibbs Free Energy equation, ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, helps us evaluate spontaneity.
If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous; if it's positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous; and if ΔG is zero, the reaction is at equilibrium. To analyze the spontaneity of your specific reaction, you'll need to gather data on these variables and apply the Gibbs Free Energy equation.
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the term___________could be defined as about 30 individual, sequential chemical reactions that form three metabolic pathways: one in the cytoplasm and two within the mitochondrion.
The term "cellular respiration" could be defined as about 30 individual, sequential chemical reactions that form three metabolic pathways: one in the cytoplasm and two within the mitochondrion.
Sequential chemical reactions that form three metabolic pathways: one in the cytoplasm and two within the mitochondrion.
The term you are looking for is "Cellular Respiration." Cellular respiration consists of about 30 individual, sequential chemical reactions that form three metabolic pathways: one in the cytoplasm (glycolysis) and two within the mitochondrion (the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain). These pathways work together to convert glucose into ATP, providing cells with the energy they need to function.
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at what temperature would the average speed of helium atoms equal the following value? note: the mass of a helium atom is 6.64 10-27 kg. (a) the escape speed from mars, 5.05 103 m/s k (b) the escape speed from saturn, 3.62 104m/s
At a temperature of 643.2 K, the average speed of helium atoms would be equal to the escape speed from Saturn.
The first thing we need to do is calculate the average speed of helium atoms at a given temperature. This can be done using the root mean square (rms) speed formula:
v_rms = √(3kT/m)
Where k is the Boltzmann constant (1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K), T is the temperature in Kelvin, and m is the mass of the helium atom (6.64 x 10⁻²⁷ kg).
Now, we can use this formula to solve for the temperature at which the average speed of helium atoms equals the escape speed from Mars and Saturn, respectively.
(a) Escape speed from Mars (v_escape = 5.05 x 10³ m/s):
We want to solve for the temperature T when v_rms = v_escape. Plugging in the values, we get:
v_escape = √(3kT/m)
5.05 x 10³ m/s = √(3 x 1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K x T / 6.64 x 10⁻²⁷ kg)
Squaring both sides, we can solve for T:
T = m / (3k) x v_escape²
T = 6.64 x 10⁻²⁷ kg / (3 x 1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K) x (5.05 x 10³ m/s)²
T = 97.5 K
Therefore, at a temperature of 97.5 K, the average speed of helium atoms would be equal to the escape speed from Mars.
(b) Escape speed from Saturn (v_escape = 3.62 x 10⁴ m/s):
We can use the same formula to solve for the temperature when v_rms = v_escape:
v_escape = √(3kT/m)
3.62 x 10⁴ m/s = √(3 x 1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K x T / 6.64 x 10⁻²⁷ kg)
Squaring both sides and solving for T:
T = m / (3k) x v_escape²
T = 6.64 x 10⁻²⁷ kg / (3 x 1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K) x (3.62 x 10⁴ m/s)²
T = 643.2 K
So at a temperature of 643.2 K, the average speed of helium atoms would be equal to the escape speed from Saturn.
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Which of the following is correct to heat a mixture in a laboratory and why?
a. By inclining the mouth of the test tube towards your own face
b. By inclining the mouth of the test tube towards your neighbour's face
c. By inclining the mouth of the test tibe towards nobody face
The correct way of heating a mixture in a laboratory is c. by inclining the mouth of the test tube towards nobody's face.
Why are lab guidelines important?Lab guidelines are important for several reasons including; Safety, Consistency, Efficiency, Compliance, Record-keeping. Inclining the mouth of the test tube towards nobody's face is because inclining the test tube towards your own face or your neighbor's face can cause the hot mixture to splatter and result in burns or injury.
Therefore, it is always important to direct the mouth of the test tube away from any person and towards a safe direction, such as a fume hood or an empty area.
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what does specific activity tell us during purification?
Specific activity is an essential parameter during protein purification that provides valuable information on the purity and catalytic efficiency of an enzyme. It is defined as the ratio of enzyme activity to the total protein concentration in a sample. A higher specific activity indicates that the enzyme is more concentrated, thus signifying increased purification and fewer contaminants.
During the purification process, it is crucial to monitor specific activity to assess the progress and effectiveness of each purification step. By comparing the specific activity before and after a particular step, one can determine if the method is successful in isolating the desired protein while removing impurities. Furthermore, specific activity can be used to identify the optimal conditions, such as pH and temperature, for maximizing the catalytic efficiency of an enzyme.
In summary, specific activity serves as a critical tool in evaluating the success of purification techniques and ensuring the isolation of a high-quality enzyme with minimal contaminants. By carefully monitoring specific activity, researchers can optimize the purification process and improve the overall yield of their target protein.
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What is the overall charge of the tripeptide if it were fully protonated? Enter your answer numerically, e.g., if it were +5, type 5 without the +. If it were -2, type -2. Type your answer... 5 lonizable groups in Approximate pka in peptides/proteins peptides/proteins a-carboxyl 3.1 Side chain carboxyl 4.1 Imidazole 6.0 a-amino 8.0 Thiol 8.3 E-amino 10.8 Aromatic hydroxyl 10.9 guanidino 12.5 4 points (2 pts.) Draw the tripeptide at physiological (blood) pH. DO (2 pts.) Calculate the pl using the chart given
The overall charge of the fully protonated tripeptide is 8.
To determine the overall charge of the tripeptide when fully protonated, we first need to consider the pKa values of the ionizable groups in peptides/proteins:
1. α-carboxyl: 3.1
2. Side chain carboxyl: 4.1
3. Imidazole: 6.0
4. α-amino: 8.0
5. Thiol: 8.3
6. ε-amino: 10.8
7. Aromatic hydroxyl: 10.9
8. Guanidino: 12.5
When fully protonated, all ionizable groups will have a positive charge if their pKa value is greater than the pH, and negative charge if their pKa value is less than the pH. Since the tripeptide is fully protonated, we assume the pH is very low (around 0), so all groups with pKa values greater than 0 will have a positive charge.
Now let's determine the charge of each group:
1. α-carboxyl: +1 (pKa 3.1 > 0)
2. Side chain carboxyl: +1 (pKa 4.1 > 0)
3. Imidazole: +1 (pKa 6.0 > 0)
4. α-amino: +1 (pKa 8.0 > 0)
5. Thiol: +1 (pKa 8.3 > 0)
6. ε-amino: +1 (pKa 10.8 > 0)
7. Aromatic hydroxyl: +1 (pKa 10.9 > 0)
8. Guanidino: +1 (pKa 12.5 > 0)
The total charge of the tripeptide when fully protonated is the sum of the charges of all ionizable groups: +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 = +8.
So the overall charge of the fully protonated tripeptide is 8.
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write the net ionic equation that describes the reaction that occurs when a solution of barium nitrate is added to a flask containing sulfate ions.
The net ionic equation for the reaction between barium nitrate and sulfate ions is: Ba2+ + SO42- → BaSO4 (s) In this reaction, the barium ions (Ba2+) from the barium nitrate solution react with the sulfate ions (SO42-) in the flask to form solid barium sulfate (BaSO4).
The nitrate ions (NO3-) from the barium nitrate solution do not participate in the reaction and remain in solution. Write the balanced molecular equation:Ba(NO₃)₂(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) → BaSO₄(s) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) Write the total ionic equation by breaking all soluble ionic compounds into their respective ions Ba²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) → BaSO₄(s) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) Remove the spectator ions (ions that are present on both sides of the equation)
In this case, the nitrate ions (2NO₃⁻) are the spectator ions. Write the net ionic equation by including only the ions that participate in the reaction: Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) → BaSO₄(s) So, the net ionic equation that describes the reaction that occurs when a solution of barium nitrate is added to a flask containing sulfate ions is: Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) → BaSO₄(s).
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a gas at stp occupies 28 cm3 of sspace. if the pressure changes to 3.8 atm and the temperature increases to 203 c find the new colume
The new volume is 9.76L if a gas at STP occupies 28 [tex]Cm^{3}[/tex] of space and the pressure changes to 3.8 atm and the temperature increases to 203 c.
The ideal gas formula is given as:
[tex]\frac{P_{1}V_{1} }{T_{1} } = \frac{P_{2}V_{2} }{T_{2} }[/tex]
By Cross multiplying, we get
[tex]P_{1}V_{1} T_{2} = P_{2} V_{2} T_{1}[/tex]
Now, calculate second volume as:
[tex]V_{2} = \frac{P_{1}V_{1}T_{2} }{P_{2}T_{1} }[/tex]
[tex]P_{1}[/tex] = 760 ATM
[tex]V_{1}[/tex] = 0.028 L
[tex]T_{1}[/tex] = 273 K
[tex]P_{2}[/tex] = 3.8 ATM
[tex]V_{2}[/tex] =?
[tex]T_{2}[/tex] = 203°c to Kelvin equals to 273 + 203 = 476 K
Now, Substitute the values given into the formula:
760×0.028×476/3.8×273
=10129.28/1037.4
=9.76
Therefore the [tex]V_{2}[/tex] is 9.76L
The general gas equation, often known as the ideal gas law, is the equation of state for a fictitious ideal gas. It has a number of limitations, but it provides a decent approximation of the behavior of numerous gases under various circumstances.
The ideal gas law (PV = nRT) connects the macroscopic characteristics of ideal gases. The particles in an ideal gas don't interact with one another, take up no space, and have no volume.
An ideal gas is a fictitious gas that perfectly complies with the gas laws because its molecules take up very little space and interact with no one else. The term "ideal gas" refers to a gas that abides by all gas laws at any temperature or pressure.
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Can someone help with this question ?
Answer:
32 moles of Oxygen
Explanation:
C3H8 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
There are 3 Cs on the left so you need to make 3 Cs on the right
C3H8 + O2 --> 3 CO2 + H2O
There are 8 Hs so you need to make 8 Hs on the right
4 times H2 makes 8 so put a 4 in front of H2
C3H8 + O2 --> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Then find the number of oxygen on the right
3 times O2 + 4 times O
6 + 4 = 10 Os
So put 5 in front of O2 to make 10
because 5 times 2 is 10
C3H8 + 5 O2 --> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Now it is balanced
and you can check
Left: C= 3 H= 8 O= 10
Right: C= 3 H= 8 O= 6+4
Now you need to find how many moles of oxygen are necessary to react to 4 moles of C3H8
4 moles of C3H8 is just 4 C3H8
Just multiply the whole equation by 4
4 C3H8 + 20 O2 --> 12 CO2 + 16 H2O
C = 12 H = 32 O = 40
C = 12 H = 32 O = 24 + 16 which is 40
When a number is in front you multiply each element with it
12 times 2Os = 24 16 times 1 O
So 32 moles are necessary to react to 4 moles of C3H8
hydrogen- is radioactive and has a half life of years. calculate the activity of a sample of hydrogen- . give your answer in becquerels and in curies. round your answer to significant digit.
The activity of a sample of hydrogen- , rounded to the nearest significant digit, is N × 0.00693 Bq and N × 2.56 × 10⁻¹² Ci.
What is sample?Sample in chemistry is a small amount of a substance that is used to conduct a chemical analysis. It is often taken from a larger quantity of a material and used to determine the composition or properties of the material. For example, a chemist may take a sample of a compound and analyze it to determine its melting point and boiling point.
The activity A of a sample of a radioactive material is the number of radioactive decays per unit time. The half-life of a radioactive material is the time it takes for half of the original amount of material to decay.
For a sample of hydrogen- , the activity A can be calculated using the equation A = N × 0.693/t, where N is the initial number of atoms in the sample and t is the half-life of hydrogen- (in years).
Given that the half-life of hydrogen- is years, the activity A in becquerels (Bq) is:
A = N × 0.693/t = N × 0.693/ = N × 0.00693
The activity A in curies (Ci) can be calculated by multiplying the activity in becquerels by 3.7 × 10⁻¹⁰:
A = N × 0.00693 × 3.7 × 10-10
Therefore, the activity of a sample of hydrogen- , rounded to the nearest significant digit, is N × 0.00693 Bq and N × 2.56 × 10-12 Ci.
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what functional groups can be made when an alkene is reacted with o3 followed by dms? choose all that apply.
The functional groups that can be made when an alkene is reacted with O3 followed by DMS are aldehydes and/or ketones.
In this reaction, the alkene undergoes ozonolysis, which breaks the double bond and forms the corresponding carbonyl compounds.
The reaction of O3 with an alkene, also known as ozonolysis, breaks the double bond and creates two carbonyl groups. These carbonyl groups can then be reduced by DMS to form either aldehydes or ketones, depending on the substitution pattern of the alkene.
Therefore, the reaction is ozonolysis, which breaks the double bond of the alkene and forms carbonyl compounds.
When an alkene is reacted with O3 followed by DMS, the double bond breaks, leading to the formation of aldehydes and/or ketones as the main functional groups.
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Which one of the following thermodynamic quantities is not a state function?a. workb. enthalpyc. entropyd. internal energye. free energy
The correct answer is (a) work. A state function is a property that depends only on the current state of the system and not on the path taken to reach that state.
In other words, the value of a state function is determined by the initial and final states of a system and not the process used to get there. Enthalpy, entropy, internal energy, and free energy are all examples of state functions because they are determined solely by the initial and final states of a system. Work, on the other hand, is not a state function because it depends on the path taken to get from the initial to the final state. The amount of work done on or by a system can vary depending on the details of the process used to change the system's state.
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if the acid and base solutions are of equal concentration, what volume ofacid will titrate a 20.00 ml sample of the base?
The volume of acid required to titrate a 20.00 mL sample of base is 20.00 mL, assuming that the concentration of the acid and base is equal.
To determine the volume of acid required to titrate a 20.00 mL sample of base, we need to use the balanced chemical equation and the concept of stoichiometry.
Let's assume that the acid and base react in a 1:1 ratio, which means that one mole of acid reacts with one mole of base.
We are given that the concentration of both acid and base solutions is equal, but we don't know the exact concentration. Therefore, we can represent the concentration of the acid and base as "C."
Reaction between the acid and base can be written as;
acid + base → salt + water
Since we assume that the acid and base react in a 1:1 ratio, we can say that one mole of acid reacts with one mole of base. Therefore, the number of moles of base present in the 20.00 mL sample can be calculated as follows;
moles of base = concentration of base x volume of base
= C x 20.00 mL
= 0.0200 C moles
Since the acid and base react in a 1:1 ratio, the number of moles of acid required to titrate the base is also 0.0200 C moles.
Now, we can use the concentration of the acid to determine the volume of acid required to titrate the base. The number of moles of acid can be calculated as follows;
moles of acid = concentration of acid x volume of acid
We want to find the volume of acid, so we can rearrange the equation as follows;
volume of acid = moles of acid / concentration of acid
= 0.0200 C / C
= 0.0200 L
= 20.00 mL
Therefore, the volume of acid is 20.00 mL.
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a substance is insoluble in water at low temperatures but becomes soluble at higher temperatures. which pec diagram best explains the solubility of this substance in water? m
The pec diagram that best explains the solubility of a substance in water that is insoluble at low temperatures but becomes soluble at higher temperatures is a diagram that shows an upward curve.
A pec diagram represents the solubility of a substance in water at different temperatures and pressures. The upward curve on the diagram represents an increase in solubility as the temperature increases. This indicates that the substance becomes more soluble in water at higher temperatures.
Therefore, the best pec diagram to explain the solubility of a substance that is insoluble at low temperatures but becomes soluble at higher temperatures is the diagram that shows an upward curve.
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