The main answer is: b. All statements are correct.In the given options, statement a, statement c, and statement d are all true.
Statement a: "The slope of the IS' curve is equal to r." This statement is true. In the IS-LM framework, the slope of the IS' (investment-savings) curve represents the responsiveness of investment to changes in the interest rate. The slope is equal to the marginal propensity to invest (MPI), which is denoted by r.
Statement c: "r' is equal to 0." This statement is true. In the IS-LM framework, r' (the interest rate that equilibrates the goods market) is determined at the level where planned investment equals planned savings. When this equilibrium condition is met, there is no excess demand or supply in the goods market, resulting in r' being equal to 0.
Statement d: "r' is equal to r when i* is 0." This statement is true. In the IS-LM framework, r' (the interest rate that equilibrates the money market) is equal to the nominal interest rate, denoted as r, when the expected inflation rate (i*) is 0. This condition implies that the real interest rate is equal to the nominal interest rate, leading to r' being equal to r.
Therefore, all the statements in the given options are correct.
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In the article, the author makes the following statement: "Changing the way we do business is essential to addressing the challenges of environmental degradation". As entrepreneurs, we have to get good at asking heretical questions (holding an opinion at odds with what is generally accepted). These heretical questions, asked by innovators that are thinking of starting a business OR are intrapreneurs charged with coming up with innovative ideas in an existing business, can have the potential to completely disrupt the status quo of how a company will run or currently runs. For this discussion, offer a heretical question for an industry or for a company that could make that industry or company more sustainable in the next 10-20 years. Refer back to the article to support why your idea will support new ways of doing business. Maybe you have worked somewhere that you've seen a "better way". For example, if you have worked at a place like Subway, what kinds of heretical questions should those innovators at Subway be asking? Maybe you want to own your own business some day in a particular industry, what heretical questions should you be asking NOW about that industry? Be specific! In addition, you will post a meaningful, multi-sentence response to one of your peer's posts in this discussion board.
The article encourages individuals to identify areas where they have seen room for improvement and to propose radical ideas that support new ways of conducting business.
In order to make the Subway chain more sustainable, innovators could ask heretical questions such as: "What if we completely eliminate single-use packaging and implement a system of reusable containers for customers?" This would challenge the standard practice of disposable packaging and encourage a shift towards a more environmentally friendly approach. The idea is supported by the article's emphasis on changing traditional practices and finding better ways of doing business.
As an example of a response to a peer's post, if someone suggests starting a business in the fashion industry, a heretical question could be: "What if we abandon the fast fashion model and adopt a circular economy approach, where clothes are designed for durability, repairability, and reuse?" This question challenges the current industry norm of fast fashion, which contributes to significant waste and environmental harm. It aligns with the article's call for disruptive ideas that promote sustainability.
By asking heretical questions and embracing innovative ideas, entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs have the opportunity to drive positive change and create a more sustainable future for their industries and businesses.
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The article encourages individuals to identify areas where they have seen room for improvement and to propose radical ideas that support new ways of conducting business.
In order to make the Subway chain more sustainable, innovators could ask heretical questions such as: "What if we completely eliminate single-use packaging and implement a system of reusable containers for customers?" This would challenge the standard practice of disposable packaging and encourage a shift towards a more environmentally friendly approach. The idea is supported by the article's emphasis on changing traditional practices and finding better ways of doing business.
As an example of a response to a peer's post, if someone suggests starting a business in the fashion industry, a heretical question could be: "What if we abandon the fast fashion model and adopt a circular economy approach, where clothes are designed for durability, repairability, and reuse?" This question challenges the current industry norm of fast fashion, which contributes to significant waste and environmental harm. It aligns with the article's call for disruptive ideas that promote sustainability.
By asking heretical questions and embracing innovative ideas, entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs have the opportunity to drive positive change and create a more sustainable future for their industries and businesses.
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.What is a flexible budget and how does it differ from a static or more traditional budget
How can responsibility center accounting help to focus the attention of managers and employees on the more important issues?
By word
A flexible budget is a financial plan that adjusts for changes in activity levels or volume. It differs from a static or traditional budget, which remains fixed regardless of actual activity levels.
A flexible budget is more dynamic and adaptable, allowing for better decision-making and performance evaluation as it reflects the varying levels of activity and their impact on costs and revenues.
Responsibility center accounting helps focus the attention of managers and employees on important issues by providing a framework for assigning responsibilities and measuring performance.
It involves categorizing different areas or departments within an organization as responsibility centers, such as cost centers, profit centers, or investment centers. Each responsibility center is accountable for specific goals and objectives.
By implementing responsibility center accounting, managers and employees are encouraged to take ownership and be accountable for their assigned responsibilities.
It allows for better monitoring and evaluation of performance, as results can be measured against specific targets. This helps identify areas of strength and weakness, facilitates decision-making, and promotes a focus on the key drivers of success.
Overall, both flexible budgets and responsibility center accounting contribute to better decision-making, performance evaluation, and alignment of goals within an organization. They provide a more nuanced and comprehensive approach to financial planning and management, enhancing the overall effectiveness and efficiency of an organization's operations.
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Analyze the 15-year, 6% coupon rate (semiannual payment), $1,000 par value bond. The bond currently sells for $1,218. What’s the bond’s yield to maturity?
A. 4.66%
B. 3.95%
C. 5.08%
D. 4.05%
The yield to maturity is 4.66%. Option A is correct.
Given data is, Face value (par value) of the bond = $1,000, The annual coupon payment = 6% of $1,000 = $60, Semi-annual coupon payment = $60/2 = $30, The bond maturity = 15 years, The current price of the bond = $1,218.
The yield to maturity is the discount rate which sets the present value of all future cash flows of the bond equal to its current market price.
Using the formula of calculating yield to maturity, we get:
$1,218 = $30 × (1 - 1/(1 + i)^30)/i + $1,000/(1 + i)^30,where
i is the semi-annual interest rate.Using the financial calculator or the software to solve the above equation, we get the semi-annual interest rate i = 2.33%. So the annual interest rate or the yield to maturity:
= 2 × 2.33% = 4.66%Therefore, the yield to maturity is 4.66% (option A).
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On September 1, 2021, Concord Corporation issued a note payable to National Bank in the amount of $1580000, bearing interest at 9%, and payable in three equal annual principal payments of $510000. On this date, the bank's prime rate was 8%. The first payment for interest and principal was made on September 1, 2021. At December 31, 2021, Concord should record accrued interest payable of $27000.
$32100.
$40800.
$45900.
Given that the accrued interest payable is recorded as $27,000, it appears that there might be an error in the provided answer options. To calculate the accrued interest payable, we need to determine the interest expense for the period from September 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021.
Given:
Principal amount: $1,580,000
Interest rate: 9%
Prime rate: 8%
Annual principal payments: $510,000
To calculate the interest expense for the period, we can use the formula: Interest Expense = Principal Amount × Interest Rate × Time
Time = (Number of days from September 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021) / (Number of days in a year)
Number of days from September 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021 = 121 days
Number of days in a year = 365 days
Time = 121 days / 365 days ≈ 0.3315
Interest Expense = $1,580,000 × 9% × 0.3315 ≈ $44,111.10
Since the payment made on September 1, 2021, includes both principal and interest, we need to subtract the principal payment ($510,000) to calculate the accrued interest payable.
Accrued Interest Payable = Interest Expense - Principal Payment = $44,111.10 - $510,000 = -$465,888.90
Given that the accrued interest payable is recorded as $27,000, it appears that there might be an error in the provided answer options. Based on the calculations, none of the given options accurately represents the accrued interest payable.
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Given that the accrued interest payable is recorded as $27,000, it appears that there might be an error in the provided answer options. To calculate the accrued interest payable, we need to determine the interest expense for the period from September 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021.
Given:
Principal amount: $1,580,000
Interest rate: 9%
Prime rate: 8%
Annual principal payments: $510,000
To calculate the interest expense for the period, we can use the formula: Interest Expense = Principal Amount × Interest Rate × Time
Time = (Number of days from September 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021) / (Number of days in a year)
Number of days from September 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021 = 121 days
Number of days in a year = 365 days
Time = 121 days / 365 days ≈ 0.3315
Interest Expense = $1,580,000 × 9% × 0.3315 ≈ $44,111.10
Since the payment made on September 1, 2021, includes both principal and interest, we need to subtract the principal payment ($510,000) to calculate the accrued interest payable.
Accrued Interest Payable = Interest Expense - Principal Payment = $44,111.10 - $510,000 = -$465,888.90
Given that the accrued interest payable is recorded as $27,000, it appears that there might be an error in the provided answer options. Based on the calculations, none of the given options accurately represents the accrued interest payable.
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Match the following participatory research techniques.
An exercise in which people plot items according to personal significance
A game in which people use artificial money to express trade-off decisions
An activity in which people express ideal solutions using symbolic elements
An activity that invites people to record personal experiences in words and pictures
A.What’s on Your Radar?
B.Buy a Feature
C. Creative Matrix
D. Build Your Own
E. Journaling/Diary Studies
F. Bull's-Eye Diagram
Bull's-Eye Diagram B.Buy a Feature -> Build Your OwnC. Creative Matrix -> An activity in which people express ideal solutions using symbolic elementsD. Build Your Own -> A game in which people use artificial money to express trade-off decisionsE.
Journaling/Diary Studies -> An activity that invites people to record personal experiences in words and picturesThe participatory research techniques matched with the correct activity are as follows:What’s on Your Radar? -> Bull's-Eye DiagramBuy a Feature -> Build Your OwnCreative Matrix -> An activity in which people express ideal solutions using symbolic elementsBuild Your Own -> A game in which people use artificial money to express trade-off decisionsJournaling/Diary Studies.
An activity that invites people to record personal experiences in words and picturesIn conclusion, participatory research techniques are different research techniques that involve people in the research process as active partners. Bull's-Eye Diagram is matched with What’s on Your Radar?. Build Your Own is matched with Buy a Feature. Creative Matrix is matched with An activity in which people express ideal solutions using symbolic elements. A game in which people use artificial money to express trade-off decisions is matched with Build Your Own.
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As operations manager of Holz Furniture, you must make a decision about adding a line of rustic furniture. Your decision will affect the business performance in the next decision horizon (the next five years). We assume a 16 percent interest rate. In discussing the possibilities with your sales manager, Steve Gilbert, you decide that there will definitely be a market and that your firm should enter that market. However, because rustic furniture has a different finish than your standard offering, you decide you need another process line. There is no doubt in your mind about the decision, and you are sure that you should have a second process. But you do question how large to make it. A large process line is going to cost $400,000; a small process line will cost $300,000. The question, therefore, is the demand for rustic furniture. After extensive discussion with Mr. Gilbert and Tim Ireland of Ireland Market Research, Inc., you determine that the best estimate you can make is that there is a two-out-of-three chance of profit from sales as high as $150,000 per year and a one-out-of-three chance as low as $90,000 per year. With a large process line, you could handle the high figure of $150,000 per year. However, with a small process line you could not and would be forced to expand (at a cost of $120,000), after which time your profit from sales would be $140,000 per year rather than the $150,000 per year because of the lost time in expanding the process. If you do not expand the small process, your profit from sales when the demand is high would be held to $95,000 per year, and $90,000 per year when the demand is low. If you build a small process and the demand is low, you can handle all of the demand. Should you open a large or small process line?
The large process line has a higher net expected profit than the small process line. It, would be more favorable to open a large process line for the rustic furniture. The large process line offers a higher expected profit even though it has a higher initial cost.
To determine whether you should open a large or small process line for the rustic furniture, we need to analyze the expected profits and costs associated with each option.
Let's calculate the expected profits for each scenario and compare the total expected profit for each process line option.
For the large process line;
There is a 2/3 chance of profit of $150,000 per year.
There is a 1/3 chance of profit of $90,000 per year.
Expected profit for the large process line:
= (2/3) × $150,000 + (1/3) × $90,000
= $100,000 + $30,000
= $130,000 per year
For the small process line;
There is a 2/3 chance of profit of $95,000 per year.
There is a 1/3 chance of profit of $90,000 per year.
Expected profit for the small process line;
= (2/3) × $95,000 + (1/3) × $90,000
= $63,333 + $30,000
= $93,333 per year
Now let's compare the costs ;
The large process line costs $400,000.
The small process line costs $300,000 initially, but if you need to expand, it will cost an additional $120,000.
Total costs for the small process line (including expansion cost):
= $300,000 + $120,000
= $420,000
Considering the costs and expected profits, we can make a decision based on the net expected profit (expected profit - costs).
Net expected profit for the large process line:
= $130,000 - $400,000
= -$270,000
Net expected profit for the small process line:
= $93,333 - $420,000
= -$326,667
Comparing the net expected profits, the large process line has a higher net expected profit than the small process line.
Based on this analysis, it would be more favorable to open a large process line for the rustic furniture. The large process line offers a higher expected profit even though it has a higher initial cost.
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You are involved in an investigation of charges that a large university in a small town is discriminating against female employees. You find that the salaries for professors in the nearly all-female School of Social Work are 20% below average salaries paid to those of comparable rank elsewhere in the university. Is this university exhibiting behavior associated with employer discrimination?
Yes, the university is exhibiting behavior associated with employer discrimination .Further investigation and analysis would be needed to fully confirm and address the discrimination allegations, including evaluating the factors contributing to the salary differences and determining if there are any legitimate non-discriminatory reasons for the disparity.
The fact that the salaries for professors in the School of Social Work, which is predominantly female, are 20% below average salaries paid to professors of comparable rank in other departments suggests a gender-based wage disparity. This discrepancy raises concerns about possible gender discrimination within the university's compensation practices.
Gender-based wage disparities can be indicative of discriminatory practices, where women are systematically paid less than their male counterparts for equal work. In this case, the salary difference between the School of Social Work and other departments suggests that female professors in the social work department are being paid less due to their gender, which is a form of employer discrimination.
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Baker Industries' net income is $27,000, its interest expense is $6,000, and its tax rate is 40%. Its notes payable equals $26,000, long-term debt equals $80,000, and common equity equals $260,000. The firm finances with only debt and common equity, so it has no preferred stock. What are the firm's ROE and ROIC? Round your answers to two decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations. ROE ROIC
Baker Industries' ROE is approximately 10.38% and its ROIC is approximately 9.76%. These measures provide insights into the firm's profitability and efficiency in generating returns for its shareholders and capital providers.
To calculate the Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) for Baker Industries, we need to use the following formulas: ROE = Net Income / Average Total Equity
ROIC = (Net Income - After-Tax Interest Expense) / Average Total Capital First, let's calculate the Average Total Equity: Average Total Equity = (Beginning Equity + Ending Equity) / 2 Since we only have the ending equity information, we can use it directly.
Average Total Equity = $260,000 Next, we need to calculate the Average Total Capital: Average Total Capital = Average Total Debt + Average Total Equity
To calculate the Average Total Debt, we need the beginning and ending debt values. However, the problem statement only provides the current values, so we assume that there were no changes in debt during the period.
Average Total Debt = (Beginning Debt + Ending Debt) / 2 = ($26,000 + $26,000) / 2 = $26,000 Now, we can calculate the ROE: ROE = Net Income / Average Total Equity = $27,000 / $260,000 ≈ 0.1038 or 10.38%
Finally, we can calculate the ROIC:ROIC = (Net Income - After-Tax Interest Expense) / Average Total Capital = ($27,000 - ($6,000 * (1 - 0.40))) / ($26,000 + $260,000) ≈ 0.0976 or 9.76%
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Sylvan Company uses activity-based costing to determine product costs for external financial reports. Some of The entries have been completed to the Manufacturing Overhead account for the current year, as shown by entry (a) below:
Manufacturing Overhead
(a) 2,402,000 At the beginning of the year. the company made the following estimates of cost and activity for its five activity cost pools:
Activity Cost Pool Activity Measure Estimated Overhead Cost Expected Activity
Labor-related Direct labor-hours $560,000 40,000 DLHs
Purchase orders Number of orders 45,000 1,500 orders
Parts management Number of part types 360,000 400 part types
Board etching Number of boards 450,000 2,000 boards
General factory Machine-hours 600,000 80,000 MHs
The activities during the year were distributed across the company's four products as follows:
Activity Cost Pool Actual Activity Product A Product B Product C Product D
Labor-related 41,000 DLHs 9,000 11,000 12,500 8,500
Purchase orders 1,300 orders 100 300 400 500
Parts management 420 part types 30 85 190 115
Board etching 2,150 boards 300 1,200 650 0
General facotry 82,000 MHs 16,000 24,000 30,000 12,000
Required
Compute the amount of overhead cost applied to each product during the year. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
Here is the calculation of the amount of overhead cost applied to each product during the year:
The CalculationProduct Labor-related Purchase orders Parts management Board etching General factory Total
A $48,000 $4,500 $12,600 $900 $2,560 $65,660
B $61,200 $13,500 $42,600 $3,600 $3,600 $112,900
C $77,100 $18,000 $69,300 $720 $4,860 $168,180
D $32,400 $9,000 $28,200 $0 $1,920 $70,520
The total overhead cost applied to all four products is $306,760.
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Problem 14-4 Estimating the DCF Growth Rate [LO1]
Suppose Stark Ltd. just issued a dividend of $1.85 per share on its common stock. The company paid dividends of $1.50, $1.59, $1.66, and $1.77 per share in the last four years.
If the stock currently sells for $45, what is your best estimate of the company’s cost of equity capital using the arithmetic average growth rate in dividends? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Cost of equity %
What if you use the geometric average growth rate? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Cost of equity %
Cost of equity using arithmetic average growth rate = 13.14%
Cost of equity using geometric average growth rate = 12.86%.
Here is a Step-by-Step Explanation:
We have here,
Dividend for last 4 years: $1.50, $1.59, $1.66, and $1.77
Dividend just issued: $1.85
Price of stock currently: $45To estimate the cost of equity capital,
the following formula is used:
Cost of Equity Capital (Ks) = (Dividend / Current Market Price of Stock) + Growth Rate
Cost of Equity Capital using the arithmetic average growth rate:
Average growth rate can be calculated as follows:
Arithmetic Average Growth Rate = [(Dividend in latest year – Dividend in oldest year) / Number of years] / Dividend in oldest year
Arithmetic Average Growth Rate = [(1.77 - 1.50) / 3] / 1.50
Arithmetic Average Growth Rate = 0.0444 or 4.44%
Therefore, the cost of equity capital is:
Cost of Equity Capital (Ks) = (1.85 / 45) + 0.0444
Cost of Equity Capital (Ks) = 0.087 + 0.0444
Cost of Equity Capital (Ks) = 0.1314 or 13.14% (Answer)
Cost of Equity Capital using the geometric average growth rate:
Geometric Average Growth Rate can be calculated as follows:
Geometric Average Growth Rate = [(Dividend in latest year / Dividend in oldest year) ^ (1 / Number of years)] – 1
Geometric Average Growth Rate = [(1.77 / 1.50) ^ (1 / 3)] - 1
Geometric Average Growth Rate = 0.0416 or 4.16%
Therefore, the cost of equity capital is:
Cost of Equity Capital (Ks) = (1.85 / 45) + 0.0416
Cost of Equity Capital (Ks) = 0.087 + 0.0416
Cost of Equity Capital (Ks) = 0.1286 or 12.86% (Answer)
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Splish Company estimates that unit sales will be 10,400 in quarter 1; 11,900 in quarter 2; 13,900 in quarter 3; and 17,200 in quarter 4.
Management wants to have an ending finished goods inventory equal to 21% of the next quarter's expected unit sales. Prepare a
production budget by quarters for the first six months of 2022.
SPLISH COMPANY
Production Budget
For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2022
Ouarter
Total
1
2
To prepare the production budget for the first six months of 2022, we need to calculate the desired ending finished goods inventory for each quarter and adjust the production accordingly.
Here's the production budget for the first two quarters:
SPLISH COMPANY
Production Budget
For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2022
Quarter | Total Unit Sales | Desired Ending Inventory | Required Production
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | 10,400 | 21% of Q2 Sales | 10,400 + (11,900 * 0.21)
2 | 11,900 | 21% of Q3 Sales | 11,900 + (13,900 * 0.21)
Quarter 1:
Total Unit Sales: 10,400
Desired Ending Inventory: 21% of Quarter 2 Sales = 11,900 * 0.21 = 2,499
Required Production: Total Unit Sales + Desired Ending Inventory = 10,400 + 2,499 = 12,899
Quarter 2:
Total Unit Sales: 11,900
Desired Ending Inventory: 21% of Quarter 3 Sales = 13,900 * 0.21 = 2,919
Required Production: Total Unit Sales + Desired Ending Inventory = 11,900 + 2,919 = 14,819
The production budget for the first two quarters is as follows:
SPLISH COMPANY
Production Budget
For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2022
Quarter | Total Unit Sales | Desired Ending Inventory | Required Production
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | 10,400 | 2,499 | 12,899
2 | 11,900 | 2,919 | 14,819
You can continue the production budget for the remaining quarters using the same logic and provided unit sales data.
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On January 1, 2021, Lyle's Limeade issues 5%,15-year bonds with a face amount of $76,000 for $68,552, priced to yleld 6\%, Interest is paid semiannually. What amount of interest expense will be recorded in the December 31, 2021, annual income statement? (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to nearest whole dollar amount.)
The interest expense recorded on the December 31, 2021, annual income statement for Lyle's Limeade bonds will be approximately $497.
To calculate the interest expense for the Lyle's Limeade bonds, we need to consider the face value of the bonds, the interest rate, and the time period.
The face amount of the bonds is $76,000, and they were issued for $68,552. The difference between the face amount and the issued price is called the discount, which in this case is $7,448 ($76,000 - $68,552). The discount represents the interest expense over the life of the bonds.
The bonds have a 15-year term and pay interest semiannually. Therefore, there will be 30 interest periods (15 years * 2). To calculate the interest expense per period, we divide the discount by the number of periods: $7,448 / 30 = $248.27.
Since interest is paid semiannually, there will be two interest payments in a year. Therefore, the interest expense for the annual income statement will be double the interest expense per period: $248.27 * 2 = $496.54.
Rounded to the nearest whole dollar amount, the interest expense recorded on the December 31, 2021, annual income statement will be $497.
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Best practices in building consensus within a project team indicate the importance of Select all that apply. Assigning primary responsibility to a minimum of two people per project task Transparency Fostering partnerships O Celebrating project milestones
Best practices in building consensus within a project team indicate the importance of Assigning primary responsibility to a minimum of two people per project task, Transparency, and Fostering partnerships. It is necessary to celebrate project milestones too.
Project teams work best when they know and understand their roles and responsibilities, as well as the tasks that each person must complete. When tasks are assigned to a minimum of two people, it ensures that accountability is shared among team members and that if one person is unavailable, another person can take up the task. This ensures that the project moves forward smoothly without any unnecessary delays.
It is a way to recognize the progress that the team has made and motivate team members to continue to work hard towards achieving the project objectives. Celebrating milestones can be done through team-building activities, social events, or by simply acknowledging team members’ contributions to the project. It is an effective way to keep the team motivated and engaged in the project.
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Problem 3: Team Decisions. Before the English Premier League (EPL) season begins, Arsenal chooses the number of (expected) wins they are targeting that season by constructing a roster of players. Fans enjoy wins, but the additional revenue of each win is decreasing and given by the following average revenue (inverse demand) curve: AR(W)=P(W)=310−3W It is costly to increase the number of wins because the team has to acquire better talent. The cost of an additional win is increasing with the number of wins: MC(W)=30+4W The total number of games in a regular EPL season is 38. a) Find Arsenal's marginal revenue curve, MR(W). b) If Arsenal's objective is to maximize profits, how many wins W⋆ are chosen? c) If Arsenal's objective is to maximize wins, how many wins W⋆⋆ are chosen? d) Repeat b ) and c ) if the total number of games in the EPL season is increased to 42 .
a) Marginal revenue (MR) is the additional revenue obtained by producing one more unit. MR can be found by differentiating the total revenue function with respect to the output.
Given AR(W) = P(W) = 310 - 3W (inverse demand function), we can obtain the total revenue function:
TR(W) = P(W) × W = (310 - 3W) × W = 310W - 3W²
Therefore, the marginal revenue function is given by:
MR(W) = dTR(W)/dW= 310 - 6W
b) To maximize profits, Arsenal needs to find the level of production (number of wins) where MR = MC (where MC is the marginal cost of a win). Thus, equating MR and MC, we obtain:
310 - 6W = 30 + 4W276 = 10WW* = 27.6
The team will choose 28 wins (the closest integer value to 27.6) since it is not possible to win a fractional number of games.
c) To maximize wins, Arsenal needs to find the level of production (number of wins) where MR = 0. At this level of production, the marginal revenue is zero (i.e., the revenue from an additional win is zero), and any increase in production will result in a decrease in profits. Thus, equating MR and 0, we obtain:310 - 6W = 0W** = 51.67 The team will choose 52 wins (the closest integer value to 51.67) since they want to maximize the number of wins.
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Q1 - Selling price per unit $35
- VC per unit $11
- Fixed Cost $43,000
- Sales volume or units sold or sales in unit 19,000
1) Please calculate the Total Sales. Total VC, Total CM and Net Income
2) if removing the sales person monthly salary $7,700, and giving $7 per speaker sold commission.
the sales volume increase by 35%, please calculate the new income statement
3) What is the CM ratio (using the original info provided)?
4) What is the Break-even point in unit and in dollars(using the original info provided)?
Total Sale is a term used to describe all income made from the sale of goods or services during a particular time frame. It indicates the entire sum of money a company has received from clients in exchange for goods or services.
1. Original Income Statement:
Total Sales = Selling price per unit * Units sold
Total Sales = $35 * 19,000 = $665,000
Total Variable Costs (TVC) = VC per unit * Units sold
Total VC = $11 * 19,000 = $209,000
Contribution Margin (CM) = Total Sales - Total VC
CM = $665,000 - $209,000 = $456,000
Net Income = CM - Fixed Costs
Net Income = $456,000 - $43,000 = $413,000
2. New Income Statement after changes:
New Sales Volume = 19,000 * 1.35 = 25,650 units
Total Sales = Selling price per unit * New Sales Volume
Total Sales = $35 * 25,650 = $898,750
Total Variable Costs (TVC) = VC per unit * New Sales Volume
Total VC = $11 * 25,650 = $282,150
Contribution Margin (CM) = Total Sales - Total VC
CM = $898,750 - $282,150 = $616,600
Net Income = CM - Fixed Costs - Salesperson Salary + Commission
Net Income = $616,600 - $43,000 - $7,700 + ($7 * 25,650) = $512,200
3. CM ratio:
CM ratio = (CM / Total Sales) * 100
CM ratio = ($456,000 / $665,000) * 100 = 68.72%
4. Break-even point:
Break-even point in units = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per unit
Contribution Margin per unit = Selling price per unit - VC per unit
Contribution Margin per unit = $35 - $11 = $24
Break-even point in units = $43,000 / $24 = 1,791.67 units (rounded up to 1,792 units)
Break-even point in dollars = Break-even point in units * Selling price per unit
Break-even point in dollars = 1,792 * $35 = $62,720
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Linear programming is used in the predication of capacity, through maximization of revenue and minimization of cost of capacity provision as an effective operations strategy. (a) State and briefly explain Four (4) requirements of a Linear Programming (LP) problem
Four requirements of a Linear Programming (LP) problem are Objective Function; Constraints; Linearity; Non-negativity.
1. Objective Function: A linear programming problem must have a well-defined objective function that represents the goal of the problem. This function can be either maximized or minimized, depending on the problem's requirements.
2. Constraints: LP problems have a set of constraints that define the limitations or restrictions on the variables. These constraints restrict the feasible solutions to the problem.
3. Linearity: In linear programming, both the objective function and the constraints must be linear functions. This means that the variables involved in these functions have an exponent of 1 and are not multiplied or divided together.
4. Non-negativity: LP problems assume that the variables involved are non-negative, meaning they cannot have negative values. This assumption simplifies the problem and aligns with real-world scenarios where variables such as quantities, prices, or production levels cannot be negative.
By satisfying these four requirements, a linear programming problem can be effectively formulated and solved to find optimal solutions that maximize or minimize the objective function while respecting the given constraints.
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If this economy's ability to produce is represented by PPF1, then a combination of Consumer Goods and Capital Goods at point D: is unattainable given current resources and technology. represents full employment and efficient production. is the optimal way of using current resources and technology. represents the optimal amount of Capital Goods for society.
If the economy's ability to produce is represented by PPF1, then a combination of Consumer Goods and Capital Goods at point D is unattainable given current resources and technology. This means that the economy cannot produce that combination of goods with its existing resources and technology.
Point D represents full employment and efficient production. This means that the economy is using all of its available resources and technology in the most efficient way possible. It is producing at its maximum capacity and there is no waste or inefficiency.
However, point D may not necessarily represent the optimal way of using current resources and technology. The optimal combination of Consumer Goods and Capital Goods depends on various factors, such as consumer preferences, societal needs, and technological advancements. Point D may be a good allocation of resources, but it may not be the absolute best allocation.
Similarly, point D may or may not represent the optimal amount of Capital Goods for society. The optimal amount of Capital Goods depends on factors such as investment needs, economic growth goals, and technological progress. Point D may be a suitable level of Capital Goods, but it may not be the most optimal level for long-term economic development.
In summary, point D on PPF1 is unattainable, represents full employment and efficient production, but may not necessarily be the optimal way of using current resources and technology or the optimal amount of Capital Goods for society.
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Describe the impact of
political behaviors in your Busi subject team considering both
individual and organizational antecedents
The impact of political behaviors within a business subject team can be significant, affecting both individuals and the overall organization. Political behaviors refer to actions and strategies individuals employ to gain power, influence, and control within the team. These behaviors can include manipulation, favoritism, information withholding, and forming alliances.
At the individual level, political behaviors can create a toxic work environment. Employees may experience increased stress, decreased job satisfaction, and diminished trust in their colleagues. This can lead to reduced productivity, increased turnover, and a decline in overall team morale. Moreover, individuals may feel the need to engage in similar political behaviors to protect their own interests, perpetuating a cycle of negative behavior.
Organizational antecedents, such as a competitive culture, lack of clear communication channels, and ambiguous decision-making processes, can contribute to the prevalence of political behaviors. When these factors are present, individuals may resort to political strategies as a means of securing resources, advancing their careers, or protecting themselves from perceived threats.
In conclusion, political behaviors within a business subject team can have detrimental effects on both individuals and the organization as a whole. It is crucial for organizations to foster a culture of transparency, open communication, and fairness to mitigate the negative impact of political behaviors. By promoting a positive work environment, organizations can enhance collaboration, trust, and overall team effectiveness.
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What is the equation that underlies understanding the commodity market?
The equation that underlies understanding the commodity market involves considering the supply and demand dynamics, geopolitical factors, economic indicators, and investor sentiment.
Understanding the commodity market requires analyzing various factors that influence its dynamics. Here is a step-by-step explanation of the equation underlying this understanding:
Supply and Demand: The fundamental principle of supply and demand plays a crucial role in the commodity market. The equation involves assessing the available supply of a particular commodity and its corresponding demand. Factors such as production levels, inventories, and consumption patterns impact this equation.
Geopolitical Factors: Geopolitical events and factors can significantly affect commodity markets. Political instability, conflicts, trade policies, and sanctions can disrupt the supply and demand equation. Monitoring geopolitical developments is essential to understand their potential impact on commodity prices.
Economic Indicators: Economic indicators provide insights into the overall health of economies and their impact on commodity markets. Factors like GDP growth, inflation rates, interest rates, and employment data can influence the equation by affecting consumer purchasing power and industrial demand.
Investor Sentiment: Investor sentiment, driven by market psychology and expectations, can impact commodity prices. Factors like speculation, risk appetite, and market trends influence the equation. Traders and investors closely monitor market sentiment to gauge potential price movements.
Intermarket Analysis: Commodity markets are interconnected with other financial markets, such as equities, currencies, and bonds. Intermarket analysis considers the relationships between these markets to understand how changes in one market can impact commodities. For example, a strong US dollar can often lead to lower commodity prices.
Seasonal and Weather Factors: Seasonal patterns and weather conditions can significantly impact certain commodities like agricultural products and energy resources. Understanding the influence of these factors on supply and demand equations is crucial for assessing commodity price movements.
It's important to note that while these factors contribute to understanding the commodity market, predicting commodity prices accurately is challenging due to the complex interplay of various variables and the inherent volatility of these markets.
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Mariah Enterprises make product A, which sells for $180 per unit, and product B, which sells for $190 per unit. The operations manager can use Process Alpha or Process Beta: whichever process is chose
The operations manager should choose the process that maximizes the company's overall profitability.
To determine the most profitable process, the manager needs to calculate the contribution margin for each product under Process Alpha and Process Beta. The contribution margin is the difference between the selling price and the variable costs associated with producing the product.
Once the contribution margin for both products under each process is calculated, the manager can compare the total contribution margin generated by each process. The process with the higher total contribution margin would be the more profitable choice.
In order to make an informed decision, the manager needs to consider various factors such as the variable costs involved in each process, production capacity, efficiency, and any specific constraints or limitations associated with either process. By analyzing these factors and comparing the profitability of each process, the operations manager can make the best decision for Mariah Enterprises in terms of maximizing profitability and optimizing resource allocation.
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What is taxable year? The term "taxable year" means the calendar year, or the fiscal year ending during such calendar year, upon the basis of which the net income is computed. What is Calendar Year? The term "Calendar Year" means a 12-month period (or one-year period) that begins on January 1 and ends on December 31. What is Fiscal Year? The term "Fiscal Year" means an accounting period of twelve (12) months ending on the last day of any month other than December. The accounting period for individual taxpayer is always on the basis of the calendar year; whereas, non-individual (corporate) taxpayer has the option to adopt a fiscal year or calendar year of accounting period. PROPRIETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS EXERCISES 1. Assume that GTD School is a non-profit private educational institution with permit to operate from DepED, maintained and administered by DEO Corporation, a private domestic corporation duly registered with the SEC. GTD School adopts a Calendar Year accounting period. Its Financial Statements for year 2022 showed the following: Education-related activities - 7,500,000 Gross receipts Cost of services 4,000,000 2,000,000 Operating expenses Unrelated business activities - Gross sales 2,500,000 Cost of sales 1,200,000 Operating expenses 500,000 Total assets excluding value of land where its business entity is located 10,000,000 2. Assume the facts in the preceding exercise 1 pertain to taxable year 2024. Compute income tax payable by GTD School for year 2024. 3. Assume that MGM School is a non-profit private educational institution with permit to operate from DepED, maintained and administered by RSB Corporation, a private domestic corporation duly registered with the SEC. MGM School adopts a Calendar Year accounting period. Its Financial Statements for year 2022 showed the following: Education-related activities - Gross receipts Cost of services 20,000,000 15,000,000 2,500,000 Operating expenses Unrelated business activities - Gross sales 10,000,000 Cost of sales 4,500,000 Operating expenses 3,000,000 Total assets excluding value of land where its business entity is located 50,000,000 Required: Compute income tax payable by MGM School for year 2022. Education-related activities - Gross receipts 20,000,000 Cost of services 15,000,000 Operating expenses 1,800,000 Unrelated business activities - Gross sales 10,000,000 Cost of sales 4,500,000 Operating expenses 3,200,000 Total assets excluding value of land where its business entity is located 50,000,000 4. Assume that NED School is a non-profit private educational institution with permit to operate from DepEd, maintained and administered by RDD Corporation, a private domestic corporation duly registered with the SEC. NED School adopts a Fiscal Year accounting period. Its Financial Statements for FY ending June 30, 2023 showed the following: Education-related activities - Gross receipts Cost of services 20,000,000 15,000,000 1,800,000 Operating expenses Unrelated business activities - Gross sales 10,000,000 Cost of sales 4,500,000 Operating expenses 3,200,000 Total assets excluding value of land where its business entity is located 50,000,000 Required: Compute income tax payable by NED School for FY ending June 30, 2023. Education-related activities - Gross receipts 20,000,000 Cost of services 15,000,000 Operating expenses 2,500,000 Unrelated business activities - Gross sales 10,000,000 Cost of sales 4,500,000 Operating expenses 3,000,000 Total assets excluding value of land where its business entity is located 50,000,000
The given exercise involves computing the income tax payable by three non-profit private educational institutions, GTD School, MGM School, and NED School, based on their financial statements and accounting periods (calendar year or fiscal year).
The exercise provides financial information for GTD School, MGM School, and NED School, three non-profit private educational institutions. GTD School and MGM School both adopt a calendar year accounting period, while NED School follows a fiscal year ending on June 30. The financial statements include details such as gross receipts, cost of services, operating expenses, and total assets. To compute the income tax payable for each institution, further information is required, such as the applicable tax rates and any deductions or exemptions available for non-profit educational institutions. With this additional data, the taxable income can be determined for each institution, and the corresponding income tax payable can be calculated based on the tax regulations and laws applicable to their respective jurisdictions.
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THE 7 RS investment recovery steps.
The 7 Rs of investment recovery are Recognition, Redeployment, reconditioning, reselling, recycling, reduction and retirement.
Recognition - The first phase in the investment recovery process is to identify surplus assets in the organisation, which may range from manufacturing plants, used machinery, or unused office equipment. It can be conducted through physical inspections or by reviewing a company's financial records. Once identified, a company can evaluate the assets and determine whether they are still profitable and usable.
Redeployment - Following recognition, a business may decide to redeploy the assets within the company to other departments or facilities. It can help to avoid unnecessary costs and also improve production efficiency. Additionally, it can save the expense of purchasing new assets.
Reconditioning - If the assets are not suitable for redeployment, reconditioning is another option. It entails repairing, restoring, or upgrading the items to their original state or better. The reconditioned assets can be sold at a higher price than their original cost, resulting in additional income for the company.
Reselling - If the assets cannot be redeployed or reconditioned, reselling them is another alternative. Selling surplus assets can provide an additional source of revenue for businesses and also generate funds for the acquisition of new assets.
Recycling - Recycling is the method of dismantling or destroying an asset and recovering its raw materials. It is an eco-friendly and sustainable method of disposing of unused assets.
Reduction - If none of the above alternatives works, a business can decide to dispose of the surplus asset through scrap. It involves selling the asset to a scrap dealer at a significantly lower price than the initial cost.
Retirement - This is the last stage in the investment recovery process, where an asset is disposed of entirely.
The 7 Rs of investment recovery provide a framework for businesses to maximise the value of surplus assets. By following these steps, organisations can ensure that they are making the best use of their resources, reduce unnecessary expenses, and generate additional revenue streams.
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1. What are the key drivers affecting channel alternatives?
Explain how each of these drivers works briefly.
The key drivers affecting channel alternatives are consumer demand, competitive environment, technology, and changing industry trends. Consumer demand is a key driver as it drives the types of channels marketers choose to reach the consumers they target.
For instance, if the target audience prefers online shopping, then marketers can create digital channels to provide access to the goods they offer. The competitive environment is also a key driver, as marketers must consider the channels its competitors are using to reach the same target audience. This can influence the type of channels chosen and the type of content created to stand out from their competition.
Technology can also affect channel alternatives, as some possible channels may only be accessible if the required technology is available. Last, changing industry trends also have an impact, as marketers must stay up to date with the latest industry trends to remain relevant to their target market.
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1. On October 1, Organic Farming purchases wind turbines for $270,000. The wind turbines are expected to last six years, have a salvage value of $33,000, and be depreciated using the straight-line method. 1. Compute depreciation expense for the last three months of the first year. 2. Compute depreciation expense for the second year.
straight line depreciation for the last three months of first year
straight line depreciation for the second year
2. A company has net sales of $2,200,000 and average accounts receivable of $440,000. What is its accounts receivable turnover for the period?
The straight-line method of depreciation evenly allocates the cost of an asset over its useful life.Under the straight-line method, the depreciation expense is evenly distributed over the asset's useful life.
1. To compute depreciation expense for the last three months of the first year and for the second year using the straight-line method, we need to determine the annual depreciation first.
Annual depreciation = (Cost - Salvage Value) / Useful Life
Given:
Cost = $270,000
Salvage Value = $33,000
Useful Life = 6 years
Annual depreciation = ($270,000 - $33,000) / 6
Annual depreciation = $237,000 / 6
Annual depreciation = $39,500
a) Depreciation expense for the last three months of the first year:
Since the useful life is six years, the first year would cover nine months (3/12 * 6 years).
Depreciation expense for the last three months of the first year = Annual depreciation * (3/12)
Depreciation expense for the last three months of the first year = $39,500 * (3/12)
Depreciation expense for the last three months of the first year = $9,875
b) Depreciation expense for the second year:
Depreciation expense for each year would be the same, so it will be equal to the annual depreciation.
Depreciation expense for the second year = Annual depreciation = $39,500
2. To calculate the accounts receivable turnover, we use the following formula:
Accounts Receivable Turnover = Net Sales / Average Accounts Receivable
Given:
Net Sales = $2,200,000
Average Accounts Receivable = $440,000
Accounts Receivable Turnover = $2,200,000 / $440,000
Accounts Receivable Turnover = 5
Therefore, the accounts receivable turnover for the period is 5.
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Write an executive summary on the concept of strotegic business management to oxplain to your manger what it is you are studying.
Strategic business management is a comprehensive approach that enables organizations to align their goals, resources, and actions to achieve long-term success in a competitive business environment. It involves the formulation and execution of strategies that maximize the organization's strengths, exploit market opportunities, and mitigate risks.
By adopting a strategic business management approach, companies can proactively adapt to changing market dynamics, make informed decisions, and stay ahead of their competitors.
Strategic business management encompasses the systematic analysis of internal and external factors that influence an organization's performance and future prospects. It involves identifying the organization's vision, mission, and values, as well as conducting a thorough analysis of the market, industry trends, customer needs, and competitive landscape.
Based on this analysis, strategic objectives and action plans are formulated to achieve sustainable growth and maintain a competitive advantage.
Strategic business management also involves effective resource allocation, including financial, human, and technological resources, to support the execution of the formulated strategies. It requires continuous monitoring and evaluation of performance metrics to ensure that the organization is on track and making progress towards its strategic goals.
By implementing strategic business management practices, companies can enhance their decision-making capabilities, optimize resource utilization, and navigate the complexities of the business landscape with a long-term perspective.
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Deer Manufacturing produces 4 different types of wood paneling.
Each type of paneling is made by gluing and pressing together a
different mixture of pine and oak chips. The following table
summarizes
Deer Manufacturing produces four types of wood paneling, each made from a unique combination of pine and oak chips.
The table provides a summary of these mixtures. The company likely uses these different compositions to produce wood paneling with varying characteristics, similar as color, endurance, and cost. By clinging and pressing together these mixtures, Deer Manufacturing can produce a range of paneling options to feed to different client preferences and market demands.
This approach allows them to offer different products that can be used in various operations, similar as flooring, walls, and cabinetwork, providing customers with a choice of wood paneling options suitable for their specific requirements.
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Describe your last interaction with a salesperson, customer representative, or similar. Did they create value for the product they were selling? How?
In my last interaction with a Salesperson, they indeed created value for the product they were selling. The representative demonstrated excellent product knowledge, provided personalized recommendations, and addressed my concerns effectively.
Through their expertise and understanding of my needs, they highlighted the unique features and benefits of the product, emphasizing how it would meet my requirements and enhance my experience. They also offered additional resources and support, such as a comprehensive user guide and prompt customer service, which added value to the overall purchase.
During the interaction, the customer representative actively listened to my requirements and concerns, allowing them to tailor their recommendations accordingly. They provided detailed explanations and demonstrations, highlighting the product's key features and how they would specifically address my needs.
By doing so, they helped me understand the value proposition of the product and how it would solve my challenges or enhance my lifestyle. Their commitment to customer satisfaction and willingness to go the extra mile in providing resources and support further solidified the value of the product and ensured a positive buying experience.
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The price discovery is the process of uncovering the fundamental value of the asset through the interactions of buyers and sellers. Certain previous research shows that preopening price discovery process is noisy and a gradual process. Consider a call auction to set an opening price where traders place but can cancel market or limit orders as a benchmark economy. Consider alternative call mechanisms with 1) no cancellation, 2) frequent clearings before the market opens, and 3) a random clearing time. Assume that a there are many informed and uninformed traders, who can trade a single risky stock at a call auction. Suggest which call mechanism generates faster convergence to the price efficiency than the benchmark economy. Provide an economic story (how the informed and uninformed traders make order choices) for your answer. Explain how your economic story and market consequence change when all traders do and do not learn the fundamental price of the asset.
In the benchmark economy where traders can place and cancel market or limit orders in a call auction, the price discovery process may be noisy and gradual. To achieve faster convergence to price efficiency, an alternative call mechanism with frequent clearings before the market opens would be more effective.
In this alternative mechanism, traders would not be allowed to cancel their orders, leading to a more stable and consistent order flow. Informed traders, who possess private information about the fundamental value of the asset, would strategically submit their orders based on their beliefs.
They would aim to reveal their information gradually, increasing the chances of their orders being executed at favorable prices. Uninformed traders, lacking private information, would observe the order flow and adjust their own orders accordingly.
With frequent clearings, the market would receive more frequent updates on the order book and executed trades. This would facilitate the incorporation of new information into the market price, leading to faster convergence to price efficiency.
When all traders learn the fundamental price of the asset, the economic story changes. Informed traders would no longer need to strategically submit their orders to reveal information gradually. Instead, they would immediately trade at the fundamental price, reducing the need for a call auction.
Uninformed traders would also adjust their orders based on the fundamental price, resulting in more efficient and rapid price convergence.
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Suppose that the required reserve ratio is 11%, currency in circulation is $800 billion, the amount of checkable deposits is $920 billion, and excess reserves are $25 billion. a) Calculate the money supply, the currency deposit ratio, the excess reserve ratio, and the money multiplier. (4 marks) b) Suppose the central bank conducts an unusually large open market purchase of bonds held by banks of $1,800 billion due to a sharp contraction in the economy. Assuming the ratios you calculated in part (a) remain the same, predict the effect on the money supply. (2 marks) c) At the start of the COVID 19 crisis, the Federal Reserve began injecting the banking system with massive amounts of liquidity. Explain what would happen to the economy and money multiplier if large amounts of reserves are held as excess reserves. (2 marks)
The money supply can be calculated using the currency deposit ratio and the excess reserve ratio. The currency deposit ratio is the ratio of currency in circulation to checkable deposits, which is 0.87 in this case.
The excess reserve ratio is the ratio of excess reserves to checkable deposits, which is 0.027 in this case. The money multiplier is the reciprocal of the reserve requirement ratio, which is 9.09 in this case.
b) If the central bank conducts an unusually large open market purchase, it increases the reserves of banks. Given the ratios calculated in part (a), the money supply would increase by a multiple of the initial increase in reserves. However, the specific effect on the money supply would depend on how banks choose to utilize the increased reserves.
c) When large amounts of reserves are held as excess reserves, the money multiplier decreases, limiting the expansion of the money supply. This can reduce the effectiveness of monetary policy in stimulating economic activity. Additionally, if excess reserves are not being utilized for lending and investment, it can result in a decrease in economic activity as banks are not providing as much credit to businesses and individuals.
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You neighbour, Jumping Jeff is currently in the process of carrying out a renovation and refurbishment exercise on his three-bedroom, 120 years old single dwelling house located in a small suburb near Parramatta. He wants to add an attached bathroom to the guest bedroom at the front of the house. Advice Jumping Jeff with regards to the renovation within the
You neighbour, Jumping Jeff is currently in the process of carrying out a renovation and refurbishment exercise on his three-bedroom, 120 years old single dwelling house located in a small suburb near Parramatta. He wants to add an attached bathroom to the guest bedroom at the front of the house. Advice Jumping Jeff with regards to the renovation within the context of planning controls and planning requirements
Jumping Jeff needs to ensure that he complies with the planning controls and requirements when adding an attached bathroom to his guest bedroom. He needs to consider the following requirements:
Location: The location of the property must comply with the local zoning controls, and it should be in an area where residential development is permitted. Jeff should confirm this with the local council.
Planning controls: Jeff must ensure that the addition of the attached bathroom complies with the planning controls. Some of the planning controls that he should look out for include; setbacks, building heights, and land coverage. He should consult with the council or a planning professional to check these planning controls.
Building approvals: The construction of the attached bathroom may require building approvals from the council. Jeff should check with the council if he needs building approvals before starting the construction works.
Heritage controls: Jeff needs to check if his property is located in a heritage conservation area or is a heritage item. If so, he will require heritage approval before making any changes to the property. The local council is responsible for the heritage controls, and Jeff should consult with them to check the requirements before making any changes to the property.
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