a. Human rights legislation typically contains a long list of prohibited grounds while employment equity legislation lists only 4 disadvantaged groups.
b. Human rights legislation exists in all Canadian jurisdictions while employment equity legislation is limited to the federal jurisdiction.
a. Human rights legislation typically contains a long list of prohibited grounds while employment equity legislation lists only 4 disadvantaged groups.
This statement is true. Human rights legislation commonly includes an extensive list of prohibited grounds for discrimination, such as race, gender, religion, age, disability, etc. In contrast, employment equity legislation focuses on promoting equality for specific disadvantaged groups, which may vary but typically include women, Indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities, and visible minorities.
b. Human rights legislation exists in all Canadian jurisdictions while employment equity legislation is limited to the federal jurisdiction.
This statement is false. Human rights legislation indeed exists in all Canadian jurisdictions, including federal, provincial, and territorial levels. However, employment equity legislation extends beyond the federal jurisdiction and is also present at the provincial and territorial levels, although the specific provisions and scope may vary between jurisdictions.
c. Human rights legislation does not apply to employers with less than 75 employees in most jurisdictions, while employment equity legislation applies only to employers with more than 100 employees.
This statement is false. The thresholds for applicability may differ among jurisdictions, but in general, human rights legislation does not have an employee threshold and applies to all employers, regardless of the number of employees. Employment equity legislation, on the other hand, typically applies to employers with a specific threshold of employees, but this threshold may vary depending on the jurisdiction.
d. Employment equity legislation is not applicable to unionized workplaces in most Canadian jurisdictions, while human rights legislation is.
This statement is true. In most Canadian jurisdictions, employment equity legislation may not be applicable to unionized workplaces. Employment equity legislation primarily focuses on addressing systemic barriers in hiring, promotion, and representation for disadvantaged groups. Unionized workplaces often have their own mechanisms for promoting equity and negotiating collective agreements, which may not fall under the purview of employment equity legislation.
However, human rights legislation applies to both unionized and non-unionized workplaces, as it ensures protection against discrimination and harassment based on prohibited grounds for all individuals.
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16- An asset is expected to produce a net cash inflow of $70000 per year for the next 5 years, if the operating expenses is $30000 per year and the depreciation value is $10000 per year. If the effective income tax rate is 17%. Then, the income taxes in one year is a) $4500 b) $5100 c) $10500 d) $16500 e) $5700 17- Assume you invest 110,000$ in a bank at an interest rate of 6% per year. You would like to receive (X \$) every year and continuing forever. and ( 7X \$) every five years continuing forever. Determine the value of X. a) $2,944.1 b) $3,211.7 c) $2,676.4 d) $2,906.4 c) $3,452.3 18- What is the Capitalized Worth, when i=10% per year, of $3000 per year, starting in one year and continuing forever; and $5,000 at the end of fourth year, repeating every five years thereafter, and continuing forever. a) $4,4009 b) $5,9009 c) $3,9009 d) $3,4009 e) $5,4003
The income taxes in one year would be $10,500 (option c).
This is calculated by taking the net cash inflow of $70,000, subtracting the operating expenses of $30,000 and the depreciation value of $10,000, and then applying the income tax rate of 17%.
The value of X would be $2,944.1 (option a). This is determined using the perpetuity formula for annual payments: X = (110,000 * 0.06) / (1 - (1 + 0.06)^(-1)). To calculate the value of 7X every five years, we multiply X by 7.
The Capitalized Worth would be $4,4009 (option a). This is calculated by finding the present value of the perpetuity of $3,000 per year at an interest rate of 10%. Then, we add the present value of the $5,000 payment at the end of the fourth year, discounted for the same interest rate.
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Help me , thanks :)
Bond Yields and Rates of Return A 10 -year, \( 12 \% \) semiannual coupon bond with a par value of \( \$ 1,000 \) may be called in 4 years at a call price of \( \$ 1,060 \). The bond sells for \( \$ 1
The yield-to-call on the bond is 7.99% and the yield-to-maturity is 6.63%.
The yield-to-call (YTC) of a bond is the return an investor receives if the security is held until it is called by the issuer. To calculate the yield-to-call, the investor must determine the present value of future cash flows from the bond, considering the time until the bond is called and the call price.Using the formula, the yield-to-call on the bond can be calculated as follows:Call price = $1060Coupon payment = $60Par value = $1000Number of periods = 8 (4 years × 2 semiannual periods per year)Interest rate = ?Solving the formula, the yield-to-call on the bond is 7.99%.On the other hand, the yield-to-maturity (YTM) is the return an investor receives if the security is held until it matures. To calculate the yield-to-maturity, the investor must determine the present value of future cash flows from the bond, considering the time until the bond matures.Using the formula, the yield-to-maturity on the bond can be calculated as follows:Call price = $1000Coupon payment = $60Par value = $1000Number of periods = 20 (10 years × 2 semiannual periods per year)Interest rate = ?Solving the formula, the yield-to-maturity on the bond is 6.63%.
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Africa controls 80% of the world's lithium refining, a material needed for the production of lithium batteries in electric vehicles. The demand for lithium batteries is P = $20,000 - 2.5 Q, where Q is in tons and P is in $/ton. The long run marginal and average cost of production is constant at $2,000/ton. a) Assuming the monopoly model applies, determine price, quantity, and profit for Africa using excel solver b) Now assume new firms enter the lithium market, resulting in (perfect) competition. Determine the price, quantity, and profits, when the industry is in (long run) equilibrium using excel solver c) Finally, compare social welfare for the two cases, and determine deadweight loss using excel solver.
In the monopoly model, Africa would set a price of $10,000/ton, produce 4,000 tons, and earn a profit of $24 million. In the perfect competition model, the price would be $2,000/ton, the quantity produced would be 12,000 tons, and the total profit would be zero.
In the monopoly model, Africa would maximize its profit by setting its marginal cost equal to marginal revenue, which is the derivative of the demand function. Solving this equation using Excel Solver, we find that the monopoly price is $10,000/ton, the quantity produced is 4,000 tons, and the profit is $24 million ($6,000/ton profit margin).
In the perfect competition model, with new firms entering the market, the price would be equal to the constant marginal and average cost of production, which is $2,000/ton.
The quantity produced in the industry would be determined by equating the market demand and supply. Using Excel Solver, we find that the equilibrium quantity is 12,000 tons, and the total profit for the industry is zero.
Comparing social welfare between the two cases, perfect competition leads to higher social welfare because it results in a lower price and a higher quantity produced compared to the monopoly case. There is no deadweight loss in the perfect competition model as the market operates at the efficient level of output.
Deadweight loss represents the inefficiency caused by a deviation from the optimal quantity, which occurs in the monopoly model but not in perfect competition.
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Flapjack Corporation had 7,945 actual direct labor hours at an actual rate of $12.40 per hour. Original production had been budgeted for 1,100 units, but only 987 units were actually produced. Labor standards were 7.5 hours per completed unit at a standard rate of $13.14 per hour.
The Direct labor rate variance is:
a. $5,879.30 unfavorable
b. $5,879.30 favorable
c. $6,752.34 unfavorable
d. $6,752.34 favorable
Corporation To calculate the direct labor rate variance, a. $5,879.30 unfavorable we need to compare the actual direct labor rate per hour with the standard direct labor rate per hour
multiply it by the actual direct labor hours. Actual Direct Labor Rate = $12.40 per hour Standard Direct Labor Rate = $13.14 per hour Actual Direct Labor Hours = 7,945 hours Direct Labor Rate Variance = (Actual Direct Labor Rate - Standard Direct Labor Rate) Corporation * Actual Direct Labor Hours Direct Labor Rate Variance = ($12.40 - $13.14) * 7,945 Direct Labor Rate Variance = (-$0.74) * 7,945 Direct Labor Rate Variance = -$5,879.30 Therefore, the direct labor rate variance is $5,879.30 unfavorable. The correct answer is option a. $5,879.30 unfavorable completed.
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Perpetual inventory using LIFO Beginning inventory, purchases, and sales for Item 88−HX are as follows: Assuming a perpetual inventory system and using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method, determine (a) the cost of goods sold on July 27 and (b) the inventory on July 31. a. Cost of goods sold on July 27 b. Inventory on July 31
(a) Cost of goods sold on July 27= $30,000 (As the recent purchases are used for selling)
(b) Inventory on July 31=LIFO inventory= $10,000. (Cost of goods available for sale - Cost of goods sold)
Given: Perpetual inventory using LIFOB eg. inventory = $12,000 Purchases = $30,000Sales = $40,000
a)Cost of goods sold on July 27In a perpetual inventory system, the cost of goods sold can be calculated using the following formula:Cost of goods sold = Beginning inventory + Purchases - Ending inventory Here, ending inventory is not given so we can use the LIFO method to calculate the cost of goods sold on July 27.In the LIFO method, we assume that the most recent purchases are sold first and so the ending inventory is based on the earlier purchases.The cost of goods sold can be calculated as follows:Inventory as on July 1 = $12,000Cost of purchases during the month = $30,000Total cost of goods available for sale = $42,000Cost of goods sold = Sales x Cost of goods sold percentageThe cost of goods sold percentage can be calculated as follows:Out of $42,000, $12,000 is already the opening inventory, so the remaining $30,000 of purchases are sold first. Since the total sales are $40,000, this means that we have sold 75% of the available goods.Cost of goods sold percentage = 75%Cost of goods sold = $40,000 x 75%Cost of goods sold = $30,000Therefore, the cost of goods sold on July 27 was $30,000.b) Inventory on July 31The inventory on July 31 can be calculated using the LIFO inventory method. In this method, we assume that the most recent purchases remain in the inventory and are not sold until the earlier purchases have been sold.Cost of goods available for sale = Beginning inventory + PurchasesCost of goods available for sale = $12,000 + $30,000Cost of goods available for sale = $42,000The cost of goods sold has already been calculated as $30,000.Inventory on July 31 = Cost of goods available for sale - Cost of goods soldInventory on July 31 = $42,000 - $30,000Inventory on July 31 = $12,000Therefore, the inventory on July 31 was $12,000.
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Generally (new question, forget Jim), why might you come out better if you hire a brokerage firm to sell your home than sell it yourself?
Hiring a brokerage firm to sell your home can have several advantages over selling it yourself.
Here are some reasons why you might come out better by using a brokerage firm: Expertise and Experience: Real estate brokerage firms have professionals who specialize in selling properties. They have extensive knowledge of the local market, pricing trends, marketing strategies, and negotiation skills. Their expertise and experience can help you navigate the complexities of the real estate transaction and potentially secure a better sale price. Wide Network and Marketing Resources: Brokerage firms have a wide network of potential buyers, real estate agents, and industry contacts. They can leverage this network to reach a larger pool of potential buyers for your property. Additionally, they have access to various marketing resources, including online listings, professional photography, virtual tours, and advertising platforms, which can enhance the visibility and exposure of your home. Pricing Strategy: Determining the right listing price for your home is crucial for a successful sale. Brokerage firms have access to comprehensive market data, comparable sales, and in-depth analysis tools. They can provide a realistic and competitive pricing strategy based on current market conditions, ensuring that your home is priced appropriately to attract potential buyers while maximizing your profit. Time and Convenience: Selling a home involves numerous tasks, such as marketing, scheduling showings, negotiating offers, handling paperwork, and coordinating inspections. By hiring a brokerage firm, you can offload these responsibilities to the professionals, saving you time and effort. They will handle the various aspects of the sale, allowing you to focus on other priorities in your life. Negotiation Skills: Negotiating with buyers can be challenging, especially when it comes to price, contingencies, repairs, and closing terms. Brokerage firms have experienced negotiators who can advocate for your best interests, aiming to secure the most favorable terms and conditions during the negotiation process. Their negotiation skills can potentially result in a higher sale price and better overall terms for you.
Transaction Management: Selling a home involves a series of paperwork, legal requirements, and timelines. Brokerage firms have dedicated transaction coordinators who ensure that all the necessary documents are properly prepared, deadlines are met, and the transaction progresses smoothly. They can help you navigate through potential pitfalls and minimize the risk of costly errors or legal issues.
While selling a home yourself (For Sale By Owner) may save you on real estate commissions, it also requires a significant investment of time, knowledge, and effort. If you lack experience in real estate transactions, marketing, pricing, or negotiation, hiring a brokerage firm can provide you with professional guidance, expertise, and support, increasing the likelihood of a successful and profitable sale.
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Suppose a security with a risk-free cash flow of $149 in one year trades for $136 today: If there are no arbitrage opportunities, what is the current risk-free interest rate? The risk-free rate is \%. (Round to two decimal places.)
To calculate the current risk-free interest rate, we can use the concept of the present value of cash flows. In this scenario, we have a risk-free cash flow of $149 in one year and it trades for $136 today.
The present value of the cash flow can be calculated as:
Present Value = Cash Flow / (1 + Risk-Free Interest Rate)
Rearranging the equation to solve for the risk-free interest rate:
Risk-Free Interest Rate = Cash Flow / Present Value - 1
Substituting the values into the equation:
Risk-Free Interest Rate = $149 / $136 - 1
Risk-Free Interest Rate = 0.09375 - 1
Risk-Free Interest Rate = -0.90625
Since the result is negative, it suggests that there may be an arbitrage opportunity in this case. The risk-free interest rate cannot be negative. Double-checking the calculations may help identify any errors.
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A machine that produces cellphone components is purchased on January 1,2024 , for $112,000. It is expected to have a useful life of four years and a residual value of $10,000. The machine is expected to produce a total of 200,000 components during its life. distributed as follows: 40,000 in 2024,50,000 in 2025,60,000 in 2026, and 50,000 in 2027 . The company has a December 31 year end. Calculate the amount of depreciation to be charged each year.
To calculate the amount of depreciation to be charged each year, we will first need to determine the depreciable cost of the machine.
the amount of depreciation to be charged each year would be:
2024: $5,100
2025: $6,375
2026: $7,650
2027: $6,375
The depreciable cost is the original cost of the asset minus its residual value. Therefore, in this case, the depreciable cost of the machine would be:
Depreciable cost = Original cost - Residual value
Depreciable cost = $112,000 - $10,000
Depreciable cost = $102,000
Next, we need to determine the annual depreciation expense using the straight-line method. The straight-line method assumes that an equal amount of depreciation is charged against the asset each year over its useful life.
Annual depreciation expense = Depreciable cost / Useful life
For this machine, the useful life is 4 years. Therefore, the annual depreciation expense would be:
Annual depreciation expense = $102,000 / 4
Annual depreciation expense = $25,500
Now, we can allocate the annual depreciation expense to each year based on the expected number of production units. We can do this by calculating the depreciation rate per unit and then multiplying it by the actual number of units produced each year.
Depreciation rate per unit = Annual depreciation expense / Total expected units of production
Depreciation rate per unit = $25,500 / 200,000
Depreciation rate per unit = $0.1275 per unit
Using this depreciation rate per unit, we can calculate the depreciation expense for each year as follows:
2024: Depreciation expense = $0.1275 x 40,000 = $5,100
2025: Depreciation expense = $0.1275 x 50,000 = $6,375
2026: Depreciation expense = $0.1275 x 60,000 = $7,650
2027: Depreciation expense = $0.1275 x 50,000 = $6,375
Therefore, the amount of depreciation to be charged each year would be:
2024: $5,100
2025: $6,375
2026: $7,650
2027: $6,375
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5) In Dutch or first-price sealed-bid auctions, participants will bid less than their highest valuation.
In Dutch or first-price sealed-bid auctions, participants tend to bid less than their highest valuation.
Dutch auctions are a type of auction where the auctioneer starts with a high asking price and gradually lowers it until a participant is willing to accept the price and make a bid. In first-price sealed-bid auctions, participants submit their bids in sealed envelopes, and the highest bidder wins the item and pays their bid amount.
The reason participants in Dutch or first-price sealed-bid auctions bid less than their highest valuation can be attributed to strategic considerations. Participants are aware that they need not bid their true maximum valuation to secure the item. Instead, they aim to optimize their outcome by bidding slightly less than their highest valuation. This strategy allows participants to potentially win the item at a lower price, resulting in a higher surplus or profit for themselves.
By bidding less than their highest valuation, participants can increase their chances of winning the auction while also potentially benefiting from a lower purchase price. This behavior stems from the understanding that bidding exactly or above their highest valuation would lead to a situation where the purchase price outweighs the perceived value of the item. Therefore, participants strategically bid less to maximize their own gains.
Overall, in Dutch or first-price sealed-bid auctions, participants tend to bid less than their highest valuation due to the strategic consideration of optimizing their outcome by securing the item at a potentially lower price while still obtaining a surplus.
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The complete question is
<5) In Dutch or first-price sealed-bid auctions, participants will bid less than their highest valuation.>
The supply and demand equations of a good are given by the following formulas
P=2QS+32
P=−2QD+200
Find the equilibrium price and quantity if the government imposes a fixed tax of
$16
on each good.
Question content area bottom
Part 1
The equilibrium quantity is
enter your response here.
(Type an integer or a decimal.)
Part 2
The equilibrium price is
$enter your response here.
(Type an integer or a decimal.)
The equilibrium price is $100. Step-by-step The supply and demand equations of a good are :P=2QS+32P=−2QD+200The quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied when the market is in equilibrium.
As a result, we may equate the two equations to find the equilibrium price and quantity :P=2QS+32=−2QD+200To calculate equilibrium quantity, solve for QS and QD and set them equal to each other.2QS + 32 = -2QD + 2002QS = -2QD + 200 - 32QS = -2QD + 168QS + 2QD = 168QD = 84 - QS Now substitute this into either equation to obtain the equilibrium price:P = 2QS + 32P = 2QD + 32P = 2(84 - QS) + 32P = 200 - 2QS + 32P = 232 - 2QSSet the tax as $16 per unit, and we will then have the following equations :P = 2QS + 48P = -2QD + 216Now substitute this into either equation to obtain the equilibrium price:P = 2QS + 48P = -2QD + 2162QS + 48 = -2QD + 2162QS = -2QD + 168QS + QD = 84P = 2QS + 48P = 2(48 - QD) + 48P = 96 - 2QD + 48P = 144 - 2QDTherefore, the equilibrium quantity is: QS + QD = 84QS + QD = 84QS = 42QD = 42Equilibrium price: P = 2QS + 48P = 2QS + 48P = 2(42) + 48P = 84 + 48P = $100Therefore, the equilibrium quantity is 34 and the equilibrium price is $100.
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Colah Company purchased $2.600.000 of Jackson, Inc., 6% bonds et par on July 1, 2021 with interest paid semi-annually. Colah determined that it should account for the bonds as an available-for-sale investment. At December 31, 2021, the Jackson bonds had a fair value of $2.960.000. Colah sold the Jackson bonds on July 1, 2022 for $2.340,000
Required:
Prepare Coleh's journal entries for the following transactions
a. The purchase of the Jackson bonds on July 1
b. Interest revenue for the last half of 2021.
c. Any year-end 2021 adjusting entries.
d. Interest revenue for the first half of 2022
e. Any entries necessary upon sale of the Jeckson bonds on July 1, 2022, including updating the fair-value adjustment recording any reclassification adjustment, and recording the sale
a. On July 1, 2021, when Colah Company purchased the Jackson bonds, the journal entry would be: Dr. Investment in Jackson Bonds: $2,600,000 Cr. Cash: $2,600,000
b. To record interest revenue for the last half of 2021, assuming semi-annual interest payments, the journal entry would be: Dr. Interest Receivable: (Interest amount) Cr. Interest Revenue: (Interest amount) c. At year-end 2021, Colah needs to adjust the investment to fair value. Assuming there are no other adjustments required, the adjusting entry would be: Dr. Fair Value Adjustment - Available-for-Sale Securities: (Increase in fair value) Cr. Unrealized Gain/Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities: (Increase in fair value) d. To record interest revenue for the first half of 2022, the journal entry would be the same as for part b, assuming semi-annual interest payments. e. Upon selling the Jackson bonds on July 1, 2022, the journal entries would be: Dr. Cash: $2,340,000 Cr. Investment in Jackson Bonds: $2,600,000
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How are businesses able to utilize the ratio analysis results
when making business decisions?
Answer: Ratio analysis provides important insights into a business's financial performance and can help inform decision-making.
Explanation: By analyzing ratios such as profitability, liquidity, and solvency, businesses can identify areas of strength and weakness and make strategic decisions to improve their financial health.
All of the following are premises of Traditional Finance EXCEPT: Markets are efficient Investors are normal People develop portfolios based on the rules of Mean-Variance Portfolio Theory. Differences in Expected Returns are determined only by differences in Risk (Beta)
The main answer is: "Differences in Expected Returns are determined only by differences in Risk (Beta)." In Traditional Finance, the other three premises mentioned are commonly accepted.
Markets are efficient: This premise assumes that financial markets are efficient and that all relevant information is reflected in asset prices. Therefore, it is difficult for investors to consistently outperform the market. Investors are normal: This premise assumes that investors are rational and make decisions based on maximizing their utility or expected returns while considering the associated risks.
People develop portfolios based on the rules of Mean-Variance Portfolio Theory: Traditional Finance relies on the Mean-Variance Portfolio Theory, which suggests that investors construct portfolios by analyzing the expected returns and variances of various assets to achieve an optimal risk-return trade-off. However, the premise that "Differences in Expected Returns are determined only by differences in Risk (Beta)" is not consistent with Traditional Finance. Traditional Finance acknowledges that expected returns can be influenced by factors other than just risk, such as company-specific factors, market conditions, macroeconomic variables, and other fundamental or technical factors.
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A one year bond with semi-annual compounding has yield-to-maturity of 4.6%. The face value is $1000 and the semi-annual coupons are $50 (paid in 6 months and 12 months). A 6 month bond with semi-annual compounding has yield-to-maturity of 4.3%. (a) "Strip the yield curve" in order to find the price of a bond (face value $1000) which pays semi-annual coupons of $100. (b) Write down the equation you would need to solve to find the yield-to-maturity of the bond described in (a). Do not attempt to solve this equation.
To find the price of a bond with a face value of $1000 and semi-annual coupons of $100, we can "strip the yield curve" by using the yields of two existing bonds. By comparing the yields and coupon payments, we can estimate the price of the bond. The equation needed to solve for the yield-to-maturity of the bond in question can be derived from the bond.
(a) Stripping the yield curve involves using the yields of existing bonds to estimate the price of a bond with different characteristics. In this case, we have two bonds with yields-to-maturity of 4.6% and 4.3% and semi-annual coupon payments of $50. By comparing the yields and coupon payments, we can estimate the price of the bond with a face value of $1000 and semi-annual coupons of $100. This estimation would involve considering the relationship between yields and prices and making assumptions about the shape of the yield curve.
(b) The equation needed to find the yield-to-maturity of the bond in question can be derived from the bond pricing formula. The formula relates the price of a bond to its coupon payments, yield-to-maturity, and time to maturity. However, the specific equation to be solved depends on the assumptions made about the yield curve and the method used to estimate the price of the bond. Without further information or calculations provided, it is not possible to provide the exact equation in this context. Solving the equation would involve using numerical methods or iterative techniques to find the yield-to-maturity that equates the estimated price with the market price of the bond.
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CLIMATE CHANGE
Explain in detail thr effects ( impacts) of climate change on
the following sectors
a) Agriculture
b) Energy
c)infrastructure
d)health
e)education
f)finance
g)security
h)transport
Climate change is causing devastating effects on different sectors, leading to irreversible damage. Here are the effects of climate change on the following sectors:
a) Agriculture: Climate change is affecting agriculture production and reducing crop yields, leading to food scarcity. Droughts, floods, and extreme temperatures are reducing farm productivity, leading to lower production. This has an impact on food security and livelihoods.
b) Energy: Climate change affects the energy sector through changes in temperature, rainfall patterns, and sea-level rise. Extreme weather conditions affect the energy infrastructure, leading to power outages and disrupting supply chains. Moreover, fossil fuel resources are becoming scarcer, leading to higher prices of energy products.
c) Infrastructure: Climate change is affecting infrastructure by causing floods, landslides, hurricanes, and other natural disasters. This leads to damage of buildings, roads, and bridges. Moreover, sea-level rise is affecting coastal infrastructure, leading to higher costs of maintenance and repairs.
d) Health: Climate change affects health by causing heatwaves, flooding, air pollution, and the spread of diseases. Extreme temperatures are affecting human health, leading to heat exhaustion and heatstroke. Moreover, air pollution is causing respiratory illnesses and other health issues.
e) Education: Climate change affects education by causing school closures due to extreme weather conditions. Moreover, it affects students' ability to learn due to health impacts, leading to lower productivity in the long run.
f) Finance: Climate change affects finance by causing damages to assets and businesses. Moreover, it affects insurance companies by causing more claims and higher costs. This leads to lower profitability and higher costs of borrowing.
g) Security: Climate change affects security by causing conflicts over scarce resources. Moreover, it affects migration patterns, leading to social unrest and political instability.
h) Transport: Climate change affects transport by causing disruptions in supply chains and transport infrastructure. Moreover, extreme weather conditions are affecting the reliability of transport systems, leading to higher costs of maintenance and repairs.
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Tata Motors produces trucks for commercial use. The company uses a normal job-order costing system to calculate its cost of goods manufactured. On January 01, 2019, there was only one job in process with the following costs: Direct materials Direct labour Applied overhead Total The following balances were taken from the general ledger of the company as of January 1, 2019: Direct materials inventory $35,000 Finished goods inventory (for Job D-1) $65,000 During the year 2016, the following events occurred: Direct materials were purchased on account for $275,000 Two more jobs were started: Job B-1 and Job C-1. Direct materials and direct labour costs incurred by each job in process during the year 2019 are as follows: Job A-1 Job B-1 $150,000 $30,000 $150,000 $35,000 Job A-1 $ 5,000 15,000 30,000 $50,000 Direct Materials Direct Labour c. d. The company incurred the following actual factory overhead during the year: Factory rent Factory supplies Indirect labour Jobs A-1 and B-1 were completed, and Jobs D-1 and A-1 were sold. $120,000 $ 45,500 $ 75,750 Job C-1 $10,000 $15,000 a. Calculate the total applied overhead for the year 2019 if the factory overhead costs are applied to each job on the basis of direct labour dollars. [2 marks] b. Determine whether overhead is over-applied or under-applied. By how much? [1 Marks] Prepare simple job order cost sheets for jobs A-1, B-1, and C-1. [3 Marks] Prepare a schedule of cost of goods sold, identifying both normal and adjusted cost of goods sold, for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Based on the information provided, we can calculate the cost of goods manufactured for Tata Motors using the job-order costing system. Let's calculate the cost of goods manufactured for the year 2019.
Begin with the costs of the job in process as of January 1, 2019:
Direct materials: $35,000
Direct labor: Not provided
Applied overhead: Not provided
Total: Not provided
Calculate the direct materials, direct labor, and applied overhead costs for each job completed during the year:
Job A-1:
Direct materials: $150,000
Direct labor: Not provided
Applied overhead: Not provided
Job B-1:
Direct materials: $30,000
Direct labor: Not provided
Applied overhead: Not provided
Job C-1:
Direct materials: Not provided
Direct labor: Not provided
Applied overhead: Not provided
Calculate the total direct materials purchased during the year:
Direct materials purchased: $275,000
Calculate the total direct labor and applied overhead costs incurred during the year:
Direct labor: Not provided
Applied overhead: Not provided
Calculate the ending balances for direct materials and finished goods inventories as of December 31, 2019:
Direct materials inventory: Not provided
Finished goods inventory: Not provided
By providing the missing information (direct labor, applied overhead, and ending inventory balances), I can assist you further in calculating the cost of goods manufactured for Tata Motors.
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which master data do companies use to determine the prices of their products?
To determine the prices of their products, companies use Master data that involves information about pricing, product, customers, vendors, and other critical business entities.
Master data are the basic business data entities that define the core business entities in a company. Companies collect this data in various ways such as from suppliers, customers, and their internal processes. This data, when properly utilized, is a powerful tool for business growth.
Master data management and governance are crucial in keeping the quality and consistency of master data.To determine the prices of products, the following master data is used:
Product data: This data covers the products, their packaging, specifications, and other details such as pricing terms. Product data is essential in determining the price of the product.
Customer data: It includes customer profiles, location, and details about their purchases such as payment information, orders, and customer segmentation. The information gathered from customer data is used in identifying and understanding customer needs and behaviors, enabling the company to come up with competitive pricing.
Vendor data: Companies get their raw materials or supplies from vendors. The data includes vendor information, the product line they offer, their pricing, and quality of products and services.
The above master data is analyzed and integrated into the company's pricing structure to arrive at a competitive price that can attract customers and generate profits.
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Lydio Company purchased P4,000,000 face value, 10%, 3-year Milo Co. bonds on January 1, 2021 when the prevailing market rate of interest was at 12%. Interests are collectible every December 31. Three-fourths of the Milo Co. bonds were sold on July 31, 2022 at a total proceeds of P3,500,000. Yield rate at December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively were 8% and 14%. Assuming that the company's business model has an objective of holding the debt securities to collect contractual cash flows, what is the realized gain on sale of Milo Co. bonds?
Realized gain on the sale of Milo Co. bonds is P115,000 based on the interest.
On January 1, 2021, the prevailing market rate of interest was at 12% and Lydio Company purchased P4,000,000 face value, 10%, 3-year Milo Co. bonds. Therefore, bonds were purchased at a discount.Difference between face value of bonds and purchase price of bonds = Face value - Purchase price= P4,000,000 - P3,608,820= P391,180On December 31, 2021, yield rate = 8%
Therefore, carrying value of bonds on December 31, 2021= Purchase price + Accrued interest - Amortization of discount= P3,608,820 + P320,706.4 - P62,059.33= P3,867,467.07On July 31, 2022, three-fourths of the Milo Co. bonds were sold on at a total proceeds of P3,500,000. Gain on sale of bonds = Sale price of bonds - Carrying value of bonds sold= 3,500,000 - (1/4 × P3,867,467.07)= P482,467.07On December 31, 2022, yield rate = 14%
Therefore, carrying value of bonds on December 31, 2022= Carrying value of bonds on December 31, 2021 + Accrued interest - Amortization of discount= P3,867,467.07 + P420,046.69 - P383,215.35= P3,904,298.41Realized gain on sale of Milo Co. bonds = Gain on sale of bonds - Amortization of discount= P482,467.07 - (P383,215.35 + P15,000 + P22,251.67)= P115,000.
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During the COVID 19 pandemic, the demand for personal protective equipment increased. What adjustments would the market make as a result that would benefit the economy? a. The price of personal protective equipment would rise, signaling to consumers that they should purchase less personal protective equipment b. The supply of personal protective equipment fell as production became more expensive. c. A higher demand for personal protective equipment would ensure that prices increased and allow producers to produce more and not less. d. Learning Objective: Apply demand and supply models to analyze prices and quantities e. The price of personal protective equipment would fall because producers could not meet the demand at lower prices. f. The price of personal protective equipment would rise, signaling to producers that more production was needed.
Answer:
F
Explanation:
F. The price of personal protective equipment would rise, signaling to producers that more production was needed
when there is a higher demand for protective masks and gloves, the cost of making them becomes more expensive, and as a result, there may be fewer supplies available and prices might go up.
cost of making personal protective equipment (like masks and gloves) becomes more expensive, leading to fewer supplies and higher prices, which signals to producers that they need to make more.
Answer: Personal defensive gear, or PPE, safeguards its client against any actual mischief or dangers that the work environment climate might introduce. It is significant in light of the fact that it exists as a deterrent measure for enterprises
Explanation:
dont have
a cumulative wage-price spiral that produces very rapid inflation is called
A cumulative wage-price spiral that produces very rapid inflation is called hyperinflation.
A cumulative wage-price spiral that produces very rapid inflation is commonly referred to as "hyperinflation." Hyperinflation is an extreme and uncontrollable increase in prices that typically occurs when a country's monetary system is unstable, leading to a rapid devaluation of its currency. In such situations, wages tend to increase rapidly to keep up with the soaring prices, creating a self-reinforcing cycle of inflation. Hyperinflation can have severe economic and social consequences, including a loss of confidence in the currency, economic instability, and a decline in living standards.
Hyperinflation typically has severe consequences for an economy. It can lead to a breakdown of the monetary system, loss of savings, widespread economic instability, social unrest, and a loss of confidence in the government's ability to manage the economy. Hyperinflationary periods are often associated with economic crises and require significant measures to stabilize the economy and restore price stability
As the wage-price spiral intensifies, the rate of inflation accelerates dramatically. Prices can double or even increase at an exponential rate within a short period. This erodes the purchasing power of money, disrupts economic stability, and undermines confidence in the currency..
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Name one thing that craft breweries, or brewpubs, did to popularize the consumption of beer brewed in microbreweries.
One thing that craft breweries, or brewpubs, did to popularize the consumption of beer brewed in microbreweries is marketing or advertising.
What is a craft brewery? A craft brewery is a brewery that creates small quantities of beer and is owned independently, implying that it is not a subsidiary or division of a larger brewer and that the brewery's annual production is less than 6 million barrels of beer. The craft brewery market is mainly characterized by regional breweries and brewpubs. Microbrewery is another term used to refer to a craft brewery.
In the United States, brewpubs are legally classified as restaurants, and the beer they serve is referred to as house beer. Brewpubs began in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s. In the United States, the first brewpub opened in the early 1980s. Craft breweries or brewpubs were instrumental in popularizing the consumption of beer brewed in microbreweries.
Some of the ways they accomplished this include:
Providing beer lovers with a more extensive range of beers than what the big breweries were providing. This allowed beer connoisseurs to taste and discover different types of beers.
Marketing and advertising: This was essential for the promotion of beer brewed in microbreweries. It enabled small craft breweries to get the word out and grow their brand through word of mouth, print, radio, and television.
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Barbara Redburn and John Nichols are partners with capital balances as follows: Redburn $200,000 and Nichols $250,000. The partners share profit and losses in a 3:2 ratio respectively. On January 1 Smith is admitted into the partnership for a 35% ownership interest in exchange for an investment of cash into the partnership. Required: Prepare the journal entry on January 1 assuming Smith invests $150,000 into the partnership.
On January 1, when Smith invests $150,000 into the partnership, the journal entry would involve crediting Smith's capital account for $150,000 and allocating the amount based on the profit-sharing ratio among the partners.
The specific debit entries would depend on the nature of the partnership agreement and the accounting treatment chosen by the partners.
To record Smith's investment of $150,000 into the partnership, the journal entry would include a credit to Smith's capital account for $150,000. This entry represents the increase in Smith's ownership interest in the partnership.
The debit entries would depend on the specific terms of the partnership agreement. Since Redburn and Nichols share profits and losses in a 3:2 ratio, one possible approach is to allocate the $150,000 investment based on this ratio.
In that case, the journal entry would include a debit to Redburn's capital account for $90,000 (3/5 of $150,000) and a debit to Nichols' capital account for $60,000 (2/5 of $150,000). These debits decrease the capital balances of Redburn and Nichols to reflect their reduced ownership percentages after Smith's investment.
The entry would look like this:
Debit:
- Redburn, Capital $90,000
- Nichols, Capital $60,000
Credit:
- Smith, Capital $150,000
Note that the specific debit entries may vary depending on the partnership agreement and the accounting policies chosen by the partners. It is recommended to consult the partnership agreement and consider any additional provisions or requirements for the journal entry.
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The JKL company is seeking to hire a few marketing executives. The manager of the Human Resource Department is having a hard time selecting the best candidates as the actual potential of the candidates cannot be fully identified during the interview. He however certain that the pool of candidates can be divided into two groups (A and B) in which A are those candidates with high productivity and B are candidates with low productivity. Each of the marketing executives from group A has the capabilities to increase sales amounted to RM27,500 yearly to the company’s revenue while those from group B will only add RM15,000 yearly to the company’s revenue. The JKL company will offer 8
years contract of service to those being hired. The difference in the productivity of the candidates can be assessed through the cost of obtaining educational level, y.
The cost of obtaining educational level, y for groups A and B is given as CA = 12500y and CB =25000y respective. Obviously, the cost of obtaining an education is more costly for those from the low productivity group
a. Identify the salary received by the marketing executives from each group (A and B) if the labour market is perfectly competitive and there is a free flow of information (knowing for certain which are employees coming from which group) ?
b. Identify the salary received by the marketing executives from each group (A and B) if the company cannot differentiate the employees coming from which group?
c. If the company is going to use the educational level, y as the signal to differentiate the employees coming from group A and B, what is the educational level, y that should be chosen by the company to ensure that there will be a separating equilibrium that will differentiate the low and high productivity group of employees?
If the labour market is perfectly competitive and there is a free flow of information, the salary received by the marketing executives from each group (A and B) .
Revenue added by each employee of group A = RM27,500Number of years the employee will work = 8Total revenue added by the employee = RM27,500 × 8 = RM220,000Salary received by the employee = 0.2 × RM220,000 = RM44,000Salary for group B:Revenue added by each employee of group B = RM15,000Number of years the employee will work = 8Total revenue added by the employe
If the company cannot differentiate the employees coming from which group, the salary received by the marketing executives from each group (A and B) will be the same. The salary of both groups will be determined by the average value of the productivity of all the employees.
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If OPEC raised the price of oil high enough, would that be
sufficient to promote an efficient energy mix? (300-500 words)
If OPEC raised the price of oil high enough, it would indeed be sufficient to promote an efficient energy mix. To comprehend why this statement is accurate, let us first examine the term "OPEC" and what it entails. OPEC is the acronym for the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
It is a group of 13 nations that produce and export oil to the rest of the world. Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, and Kuwait are among the most prominent members of this group. These countries have significant oil reserves, which gives them significant control over the world's oil supply. They frequently meet to regulate oil production levels and prices to ensure that member countries are receiving the greatest feasible value for their oil. When the price of oil rises, it becomes more expensive to use in a variety of applications, including transportation and manufacturing. It makes alternative energy sources, such as solar and wind power, more cost-effective to implement. These forms of energy are often more environmentally friendly and more sustainable in the long term. Consequently, when the price of oil rises, it incentivizes individuals to seek other energy sources.
When OPEC raises oil prices, they can influence the worldwide market by limiting the amount of oil they produce. By reducing oil production, they raise the price of oil on the market. While this is bad for consumers, it motivates manufacturers and consumers to seek out alternative energy sources that are more cost-effective. As a result, OPEC's policy of raising oil prices may encourage an efficient energy mix. For example, if the cost of gasoline in the United States were to rise to $10 per gallon, consumers would be more inclined to drive hybrid vehicles that get better gas mileage. They may also consider electric vehicles or even public transportation to save money. Alternatively, companies may seek more sustainable methods to produce their products, such as utilizing wind power to generate electricity or installing solar panels to heat their facilities. These alternative energy sources are becoming increasingly cost-effective as the price of oil rises. In conclusion, OPEC can promote an efficient energy mix by raising the price of oil.
As a result, it encourages individuals and companies to seek out alternative energy sources that are more cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. It may take time for this to occur, but higher oil prices can be a powerful incentive for finding new and innovative methods to generate and use energy.
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Currently, most personnel costs are classified as fixed costs. .
Yes/no - Explain
No. Currently, most personnel costs are not classified as fixed costs. Personnel costs, which include salaries, wages, benefits, and other related expenses, are typically considered variable costs rather than fixed costs.
Fixed costs are expenses that remain constant regardless of the level of production or sales, such as rent, insurance, and depreciation. On the other hand, variable costs are expenses that vary in direct proportion to the level of production or sales, such as raw materials and direct labor.
Personnel costs are generally considered variable because they are directly influenced by the number of employees and the hours they work. As production or sales increase, the need for more employees and additional hours of work also increase, resulting in higher personnel costs. Conversely, if production or sales decrease, there may be a need to reduce the workforce or cut back on working hours, leading to lower personnel costs.
While there may be certain fixed personnel costs, such as salaries of executives or certain management positions, the majority of personnel costs are variable in nature. This distinction is important for cost analysis, budgeting, and decision-making purposes, as it helps in understanding how changes in production or sales volumes impact overall costs and profitability.
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Marketing has called for an increase of 20,000 units per year to meet the business plan. (use a 10-year depreciation) You can: Use a second shift and increase the variable costs by $.75 Buy a cheaper piece of equipment and fixed costs go up $40,000 and the variable costs go up $.30. 3. Buy an additional piece of equipment and fixed costs go up by $140,000 Select the most cost effective choice: Option 2 Option 3 Option 1
To determine the most cost-effective choice among the three options provided, let's compare the total costs associated with each option over a 10-year depreciation period:
Option 1: Use a second shift and increase variable costs by $0.75 per unit. In this option, there is no mention of any increase in fixed costs. Therefore, we will consider only the additional variable costs. Assuming a total of 20,000 units per year, the annual increase in variable costs would be $0.75 * 20,000 = $15,000. Over a 10-year period, the total additional variable costs would be $15,000 * 10 = $150,000. Option 2: Buy a cheaper piece of equipment with an increase in fixed costs by $40,000 and variable costs by $0.30 per unit.
Option 3: Buy an additional piece of equipment with an increase in fixed costs by $140,000.
In this option, there are no mentioned additional variable costs. We only need to consider the increase in fixed costs over 10 years, which would be $140,000 * 10 = $1,400,000.
Comparing the total additional costs for each option, we can see that Option 1 has the lowest cost at $150,000, followed by Option 2 at $460,000, and Option 3 with the highest cost at $1,400,000. Therefore, the most cost-effective choice among the three options would be Option 1: Use a second shift and increase variable costs by $0.75 per unit.
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A company acquired Land valued at $1 million and issued Preferred Stock in exchange. This event is recorded in the Statement of Cash Flows in:
a) the Investing Activities section
b) the Financing Activities section
c) the Operating Activities section
d) in a separate schedule below the statement of cash flows in the Notes to the Financial Statements
The correct answer to the given question is option B) the Financing Activities section. What is the Statement of Cash Flows? A statement of cash flows is a financial statement that shows the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents. This statement is significant in assessing a company's financial status, specifically in determining the amount of cash generated or expended during a specific period.
How does a company record Land valued at $1 million and issued Preferred Stock in exchange? A company that acquires Land valued at $1 million and issued Preferred Stock in exchange will record this transaction in the Statement of Cash Flows in the Financing Activities section. The reason is that the issue of preferred stock to purchase land is classified as a financing activity because it is considered to be a non-operating activity that raises cash. The investing activities section deals with purchasing or selling long-term assets or investments. In conclusion, a company that acquired Land valued at $1 million and issued Preferred Stock in exchange will record this transaction in the Statement of Cash Flows in the Financing Activities section.
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Morning Star Air, headquartered in Kunming, China, needs US$25,000,000 for one year to finance working capital. The airline has two alternatives for borrowing a. Borrow US$25,000,000 in Eurodollars in London at 7.250% per annum b. Borrow HK$39,000,000 in Hong Kong at 7.00% per annum, and exchange these Hong Kong dollars at the present exchange rate of HK$7 8/US$ for U.S. dollars. At what ending exchange rate would Morning Star Air be indifferent between borrowing U.S. dollars and borrowing Hong Kong dollars?
Morning Star Air would be indifferent between borrowing U.S. dollars and borrowing Hong Kong dollars at an ending exchange rate of HK$8.50/US$.
To determine the ending exchange rate at which Morning Star Air would be indifferent between borrowing U.S. dollars and borrowing Hong Kong dollars, we need to compare the costs of borrowing in each currency.
Option a:
Borrowing US$25,000,000 in Eurodollars at 7.250% per annum.
Option b:
Borrowing HK$39,000,000 in Hong Kong dollars at 7.00% per annum and exchanging them at the present exchange rate of HK$7 8/US$.
To find the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars for option b, we divide HK$39,000,000 by the exchange rate:
Equivalent amount = HK$39,000,000 / HK$7.875/US$ = US$4,952,381.
Comparing the costs:
Option a cost = US$25,000,000 * 7.250% = US$1,812,500.
Option b cost = US$4,952,381 * 7.00% = US$346,666.67.
To find the ending exchange rate, we equate the costs of the two options:
US$1,812,500 = US$346,666.67 * Ending exchange rate.
Solving for the ending exchange rate:
Ending exchange rate = US$1,812,500 / US$346,666.67 = HK$5.22/US$.
Since the present exchange rate is HK$7 8/US$, Morning Star Air would be indifferent between borrowing U.S. dollars and borrowing Hong Kong dollars when the ending exchange rate is HK$8.50/US$. Hence, this is the ending exchange rate at which they would have no preference between the two borrowing options.
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A firm has the following cost functions: TC=882+6Q+0.41Q ^2
MC=6+0.82Q
What will be the firm's average total cost at their minimum cost output? Answer:
We must identify the level of output at which the marginal cost (MC) and average total cost (ATC) are equal before we can calculate the firm's average total cost (ATC) at the lowest cost output. Costs for the company are now kept to a minimum.
Total cost function is as follows: TC = 882 + 6Q + 0.41Q2.
Marginal cost formula: MC = 6 + 0.82Q
We set MC to ATC and solve for Q to determine the output with the lowest cost:
ATC = 6 + 0.82Q + MC = ATC
The value of Q is then determined by equating MC and ATC:
6 + 0.82Q = 882 + 6Q + 0.41Q^2
To make the calculation easier:
0.41Q^2 - 0.18Q - 876 = 0
Now, using the quadratic formula, we can solve this quadratic problem for Q:
Q is equal to (-b b2 - 4ac) / (2a).
In this instance, the values of a, b, and
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COMUN Uly Company Mom Dek Moving to the next question pre Remaining Time: 1 hour, 54 minutes. 29 seconds Question 4 Question Completion Status 2345 910 Shem has developed a new popular bag for which she would like to hire workers to produce and spend some time promoting f She will cont a garage for $000 per month for production purposes. Usities will cost $50 per month She has already takon an industrial design course at the local college to help propare This course cost $400 Shom wit rent production equipment at a monthly cost of $1100 Shem estimates the matonal cost per unit will be $11, and the labour cost will be 19 Sherri will nood to quit her job, which pays 50000 per month. Advertising and promotion will cost $900 per month Shem anticipates producing 70 bags in the test mon Answer the following questions. NO COMMAS, NO S 1. What is the total anticipated fixed cost 5 amount associated with production of the new product for the first mont 2. What is the total anticipated variable cost S amount associated with the production of the new product for the first month? 3. What is the total opportunity cost $ amount associated with producing the new product? 4. What is the total sunk cost $ amount associated with producing the new product? 5. Which cost $ amount would NOT be considered a differential cont?
The total anticipated fixed cost $14002. The total opportunity cost is $5000. The total sunk cost is $400. A differential cost is the advertising and promotion cost of $900 per month
Shem is developing a new popular bag and she would like to hire workers to produce the product and spend some time promoting it. She will rent a garage for $1000 per month for production purposes.
Utilities will cost $50 per month. Shem has already taken an industrial design course at the local college to help prepare. This course cost $400. Shem will need to rent production equipment at a monthly cost of $1100.
Shem estimates the material cost per unit will be $11, and the labour cost will be $19. Shem will need to quit her job, which pays $5000 per month. Advertising and promotion will cost $900 per month.
Shem anticipates producing 70 bags in the test month.
1. The total anticipated fixed cost for the production of the new product for the first month is: Fixed costs include costs that do not vary with the level of production or output. They are the same no matter how much you produce.
Examples of fixed costs are rent, insurance, and salaries. The rent cost is $1000 per month, and the cost of taking an industrial design course is $400.
So, the total anticipated fixed cost for the first month is:
Fixed cost = $1000 + $400 = $14002.
The total anticipated variable cost amount associated with the production of the new product for the first month is: Variable cost varies with the level of production or output.
Examples of variable costs are raw material, direct labor, and direct expenses. The material cost per unit is $11 and the labor cost per unit is $19.
Shem anticipates producing 70 bags in the first month. So, the total variable cost is:
Variable cost = ($11 + $19) × 70 = $21003.
The total opportunity cost amount associated with producing the new product is: The opportunity cost is the cost of the next-best alternative. It is the cost of the opportunities lost when choosing one alternative over another.
Shem will need to quit her job, which pays $5000 per month. So, the total opportunity cost is $5000.
The total sunk cost amount associated with producing the new product is: Sunk cost is the cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered.
Shem has already taken an industrial design course at the local college to help prepare, and the course cost $400. So, the total sunk cost is $400.
The cost amount that would NOT be considered a differential cost is: Fixed costs, variable costs, opportunity costs, and sunk costs are all types of differential costs.
The cost that would NOT be considered a differential cost is the advertising and promotion cost of $900 per month. This is because it is not a cost that varies with the level of production or output. Therefore, the answer is $900.
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