complement only work in conjunction with adaptive immune system is not accurate regarding complement system
One of the key processes by which pathogen identification is transformed into an efficient host response against an early infection is the complement system. Complement is a system of plasma proteins that may either be activated directly by pathogens or indirectly by pathogen-bound antibodies. This activation causes a series of events to take place on the surface of the pathogens, which produces active components with varied effector roles. There are three ways to activate the complement system: the traditional pathway, which is activated by the pathogen directly or indirectly through antibody binding to the pathogen surface; the MB-lectin pathway; and the alternative pathway, which also serves as an amplification loop for the other two pathways. As part of innate immunity, all three processes can be started without the aid of an antibody.
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which of the following courses would be most closely related to a career as a rangeland management specialist? diversity of life diversity of life exotic species exotic species overhunting and its effects on the ecosystem overhunting and its effects on the ecosystem land restoration management
The following courses would be most closely related to a career as a rangeland management specialist in land restoration management. Option D.
Land remediation may include the process of cleaning and remediation of sites suffering from ongoing environmental degradation. B. Caused by natural causes and human activities to restore the area to its natural state as a habitat for wildlife and balanced habitats.
Land restoration is the ecological process of restoring natural and safe landscapes for humans wildlife and plant communities. This process paves the way for protecting ecosystems generating economic development preventing natural disasters such as floods and increasing soil productivity and food supply. The aim is to identify land-use combinations that can best meet stakeholder needs while securing future resources in a given landscape.
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the effects of sympathoadrenal and parasympathetic nerve activity on the cardiac rate and stroke volume.
The volume of a stroke and the heart rate. From of the adrenal gland, dopamine & adrenaline.
What takes place after a stroke?Brain activity is lost when brain cells are destroyed. It's possible that you won't be able to perform tasks that require that section of your brain. For instance, a stroke may impair your capacity to move, communicate, eat, think, and recall, as well as your capacity to control your bowel & bladder, emotions, and other essential bodily processes.
Is a stroke a result of stress?Stress can increase blood pressure, raise blood sugar and fat levels, and make the heart work harder. Due to these factors, there is a higher chance that clots will develop, spread to the heart and brain, and result in a stroke or a stroke.
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in poodles, black fur is dominant to white fur. a black poodle is crossed with a white poodle. in a litter of four, all of the puppies are black. what is the best conclusion? group of answer choices
The most appropriate conclusion is that the black poodle is most likely homozygous. two identical alleles present at a specific gene location.
What does a homozygous example entail?If you have two identical copies of a gene, you are said to be homozygous for that gene. It is the opposite of such a heterozygous genotype, in which the alleles are distinct. People with recessive features, such as red hair or blue eyes, are always homozygous for the that gene.
What is homozygous? imageThe chromosomes in humans are divided into two groups. Allele pairings are referred to either homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous people are those who have two copies of the same allele (RR or rr). While heterozygous refers to a particular organism with multiple alleles (Rr).
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What is the purpose of spindle fibers during mitosis?
Answer: Separate the Sister Chromatids
Explanation: Spindle Fibers are on either end of the cell pulling the chromosomes apart during Anaphase
What steps does the cell take to speed up the rate of DNA replication?
Which objective lens should you start with when attempting to locate something under the microscope?.
When attempting to locate something under the microscope, the objective lens that should be started with is 4X.
Objective lens are the one that are placed closest to the specimen when observing under the microscope. Their function is to gather light from the specimen and focus it towards a different type of lens called the ocular lens.
4X is the lowest magnification of the objective lenses. However, they have a larger field of view and therefore more of the specimen can be observed at once that allows the observer to locate the exact target. Due to poor magnification, the target may not be clearly visible, however it can be later watched in higher magnification.
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how will a smaller pcr product appear on an agarose gel after electrophoresis compared to a larger pcr product? explain why they appear differently.
Comparison of spectrophotometry, fluorometry, and qPCR with agarose gel to assess PCR product yield.
Primers are not always specific in their binding and can bind to an undesirable region of the template DNA, resulting in a larger-than-expected product size.The PCR primers are most likely amplifying a smaller segment of the gene spanning your target region. If you extract and sequence the 500 bp PCR band, you will know that it is a smaller product that could have included your target region. Smaller DNA fragments require higher agarose concentrations, whereas larger molecules require a lower agarose concentration. To make a gel, agarose powder is combined with an electrophoresis buffer and heated to a high temperature until it becomes a gel.
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a cell with 6 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. at the end of all of meiosis and cytokinesis, how many daughter cells are produced and how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell?
At the end of meiosis of a cell with 6 chromosomes, 4 daughter cells are produced with 3 chromosomes in each cell.
Meiosis is the process of reductional division. It is called so because it reduces the chromosome number into half in the daughter cells. The meiosis is accomplished in two phases: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I is the actual reductional division where the chromosomes are halved.
Chromosomes are the compact form of genetic material. It comprises of DNA and histone proteins. The genetic material is transmitted to daughter cells in this form. Each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids that are joined together at the region called centromere.
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small seed that are covered in a biodegradable coating to make seed larger (easier to sow) are called .
Small seed that are covered in a biodegradable coating to make seed larger or easier to sow is called seed pelleting.
Seed pelleting is applying thin layer of filler materials that is biodegradable in nature, on seed surface that increases their weight and changes shape and size of seed. It is done to improve establishment process. Mostly, seed pelleting is done to make small, fine, light and odd shaped seeds into bold, heavy, round and uniform so they can be planted in easy way.
What is meant by term biodegradable?
The term biodegradable is defined as ability of any material to get decomposed by action of microorganism with the help of abiotic factors in an ecosystem. Process of decomposing biodegradable waste is natural and may take time. Example includes food materials, kitchen wastes, paper, manure etc.
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Which phrase best describes the purpose of mitosis?
a trna molecule with anticodon cag carries the amino acid phenylalanine. which codon of mrna will the trna join?
Using theories of codon, we got UUU,UUC a trna molecule with anticodn cag which carries the amino acid phenylalanine and is a codon of mrna which join the trna.
A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of the three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of the genetic information encoding a particular amino acid. An anticodon is the trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is actually complementary to a corresponding codon in the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence. Each time an amino acid is actually added to a growing polypeptide during the protein synthesis, a tRNA anticodon pairs with its complementary codon on mRNA molecule, ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is inserted into polypeptide.
Hence, a trna molecule with anticodon cag carries the amino acid phenylalanine. UUU,UUC codon of mrna will the trna join.
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- 5. Which of the following would ecologists NOT study?
A. how beavers get food.
B. how much water is needed for a corn crop.
C. how plastic expands when it is heated.
D. how rabbits escape from predators.
Answer:
I think C is correct
Explanation:
I am not really sure
when an ion channel opens in a sarcolemma, ions flow across the membrane, altering the potential. these cells are said to be . the pump mechanism that maintains the resting membrane potential is an example of . a cell membrane is when there is a higher concentration of cations on one side and a higher concentration of on the other. the difference in charge created by the ecf ions and the icf ions is called the . membrane potential is measured in
Ions are compelled to migrate passively in one direction by the potential gradient of the membrane potential.
What is the mechanism of membrane potential?
Positive ions are drawn to the negative side of the membrane, while negative ions are drawn to the positive side, creating a potential gradient known as membrane potential that compels ions to passively migrate in one way.
When an ion channel opens in a sarcolemma, ions flow across the membrane, altering the potential. these cells are said to be Electrically excitablethe pump mechanism that maintains the resting membrane potential is an example of Active transportWhen there are more cations on one side of the cell membrane and more anions on the other, the membrane is polarized. Typically, the outside of a neuron has a higher concentration of cations than the inner does, and vice versa.The difference in charge created by the ECF ions and the ICF ions is called the membrane potentialmembrane potential is measured in microvolts.Hence, membrane potential is a voltage or electrical charge across the plasma membrane
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5. At one time, interphase was referred to as the
resting phase of the cell cycle. Why do you think
this description is no longer used?
Answer:
ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
Explanation:
would a chimeric translation system with e coli ribosome small subunit and yeast ribosome large subunit be able to function for protein synthesis? why or why not?
Most ribosomal protein (r-protein) synthesis in Escherichia coli is coordinated with rRNA synthesis via a translational feedback mechanism: when r-protein levels exceed rRNA levels, particular r-proteins bind to their own mRNAs and prevent operon expression.
How does translation bring the ribosome's large and small subunits together?Ribosomal subunits form a sandwich-like structure on the strand of mRNA during translation, where they then draw in tRNA molecules bound to amino acids. The ribosome converts the decoded mRNA sequence into a polypeptide, or new protein, which is composed of a lengthy chain of amino acids.
Which protein in E. coli triggers transcription?More than a hundred genes in Escherichia coli are controlled by the flexible transcriptional regulator known as the cAMP receptor protein, also referred to as the catabolite activator protein.
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in the mystery urinalysis lab, which suspect's microscopic evaluation indicated calcium oxalate crystals?
In the mystery urinalysis lab, Brad suspect's microscopic evaluation indicated calcium oxalate crystals.
What do you mean by urinalysis?A urine test is known as a urinalysis. It is used to identify and treat a variety of illnesses, including diabetes, renal disease, and urogenital infections. A urinalysis involves examining the color, consistency, and composition of urine.
What is microscopic evaluation?The first identification of herbs, the identification of minute fragments of crude or powdered herbs, the detection of adulterants (such as insects, animal feces, mold, fungi, etc.), and the identification of the plant by distinctive tissue features all require microscopic analysis. Every plant has a unique tissue structure, which can be seen by examining how the tissues are arranged and how the cell walls and configuration are when the plant is appropriately mounted in stains, reagents, and media. With a drop of phloroglucinol and strong hydrochloric acid, lignin stains crimson or pink. Starch and hemicellulose are dyed blue by N/50 iodine solution, while mucilage is stained pink by ruthenium red. In-depth research has been done on the distinguishing characteristics of cell walls, cell contents, starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, trichomes, fibers, vessels, etc.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that in the mystery urinalysis lab, Brad suspect's microscopic evaluation indicated calcium oxalate crystals.
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the one term the amoeba sisters don't mention in their discussion of other effects is? epigenetics multifactorial pleiotropic polygenic
They are referred to as polygenic characteristics. Each gene's allele has a negligible additive influence on the phenotype.
Is an amoeba a virus or bacteria?
Prokaryotes include bacteria. A eukaryote is an amoeba. A few organelles as well as genuine nuclei are absent. Several organelles & nuclei are present in these eukaryotes.
Can you treat amoeba?Antibiotics are used in the treatment of amebiasis to eradicate the infection. Whether or not you are experiencing symptoms will determine which antibiotics your doctor recommends. Even if you are symptom-free, you could still require one sort of antibiotic. You might need to use two separate antibiotics if you do exhibit symptoms.
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the hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) form bushy structures after making contact with the plasma membrane of a root cell. what is the function of these structures?
Answer:
hey INCREASE the surface area available for the transfer nutrients
Explanation:
if you were told that you would get extra credit for finding a model showing chromosomes separating while sister chromatids were still attached, you would look for a model of
A representation that is showing chromosomes separating while sister chromatids were still attached refers to a model of Anaphase I.
What is Anaphase I in the cell division cycle?Anaphase I in the cell division cycle refers to the stage of meiosis in which sister chromatids are still attached and homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles of the parental cell.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that Anaphase I is one of the latter stages of first round of the meiotic cell division cycle which separates homologous chromosomes.
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in the control sample histogram, does the population of cells in the s phase show a distinct peak? why or why not?
No, As the S phase develops, the amount of DNA in each cell varies, giving the S phase cells a variety.
What about histogram?A histogram is a graphic representation of data that uses bars of various heights.A histogram's bars divide numbers into ranges.More data falls inside that range, as shown by taller bars.The form and distribution of continuous sample data are shown in a histogram. It is used to display summaries of discrete or continuous data that have been interval-scaled. It is frequently used to conveniently depict the main characteristics of the data distribution. While bar charts show categorical variables, histograms show quantitative or numerical data. The majority of the time, a histogram's numerical data will be continuous (having infinite values).It would be impossible to show every potential value of a continuous variable along an axis. A collection of rectangles with bases and the spaces between class boundaries can be referred to as a histogram. Each rectangular bar represents some type of data, and every rectangle is next to another. Rectangle heights are inversely correlated with matching frequencies for both similar and dissimilar groups. Large amounts of data as well as the frequency of the data values can be seen in histograms. A histogram can be used to find the data's median and distribution. It might also highlight any anomalies.Learn more about histogram here:
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you look at a blood cell and see that it has no nucleus; instead it has irregularly shaped fragments inside of it. what kind of cell it is?
You look at a blood cell and see that it has no nucleus; instead it has irregularly shaped fragments inside of it which means that the kind of cell is a platelet.
What is Platelet?This is referred to as a tissue which forms part of the blood and it is responsible in the formation of clots which helps to to stop bleeding.
Platelets can only be seen under microscope as a result of it very small shape. It has no nucleus; instead it has irregularly shaped fragments inside of it which is therefore the reason why platelet was chosen as the correct choice.
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Which installation method is most likely to put your computer at risk of downloading a virus?.
Internet installation method is most likely to put your computer at risk of downloading a virus.
Understanding viruses in computers
Viruses are files that interfere with the operational system on PCs and laptops, if the laptop is exposed to a viruses then automatically the laptop's performance will not be maximized, usually this form of virus interference such as the ability to load becomes slower / slower, the loss of files that we save suddenly , the laptop restarts repeatedly, if you are faced with a great virus sometimes the OS will be deleted, this will force us to reinstall the OS on the laptop.
What is called a virus in a computer is an annoying file, so every file that can interfere with the performance of the OS is a virus, this annoying file can be in the form of ordinary files that we intentionally store but are damaged, Worms, Trojan Horses, Spyware, and malicious malware that is installed either intentionally or not. Actually we don't need to be afraid of being too much with what is called a virus in a PC / laptop, as long as we want to take the anticipatory steps correctly, then the possibility of a virus can interfere with our laptop is very small.
Here's how to prevent and avoid viruses from entering your computer or laptop:
1.Use a compatible and bona fide antivirus, always update the antivirus;
2. If your computer or laptop is often used to browse the internet, then use an antivirus that has Internet Security features;
3.Activate Firewall on Windows that you are using;
4.Always update Security Update on Windows Security;
5. Do not get into the habit of storing data on drive C for too long;
6. Identify all the data that you store on the laptop, and immediately discard/delete if there is data that you do not recognize;
7. Delete registry files that are not needed regularly;
8. If you are going to transfer data from another device/device, try not to open it when it is still connected, so send/copy it directly and then disconnect the device/device;
9.Use cleaning tools like Ccleaner, TuneUp Utility, etc.
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Third-party installation method. This method is usually done when we want to add an application that is on our computer, and if we use an unverified third party, the computer's risk of getting a virus increases.
Explanation:When using a computer, sometimes we want to add software or applications that are on our computers according to the needs at that time. However, some applications are required to make a payment beforehand or there are applications that cannot be obtained officially.Therefore, as an alternative, some people like to get these applications through third parties, even though there are already verified parties, but some are still not verified.For those who has not been officially verified, we usually call it a cracker application.When downloading through unverified parties, we usually do not understand what we are downloading in the process and tend to follow each stage. However, without realizing it, sometimes what we download unconsciously is a virus or contains a virus that will harm our computer and data.Learn more
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during cellular respiration the energy in glucose is used to manufacture glucose. is released all at once. is stored and carried by electrons. becomes stored in molecules of water.
During cellular respiration the energy in glucose is stored and carried by electrons
What is Cellular respiration ?A glucose molecule gradually degrades into water and carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. During the process of transforming glucose, some ATP is created immediately. However, oxidative phosphorylation, a process, results in the production of significantly more ATP.
In order to get chemical energy for cellular processes, organisms require oxygen to break down food molecules during cellular respiration. In addition to algae and other protists, cellular respiration also occurs in the cells of animals, plants, and fungus.The activity is known as "cellular respiration" because the cell seems to "respire" by consuming molecular oxygen (as an electron acceptor) and exhaling carbon dioxide (as an end product).Learn more about Cellular respiration here:
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Which statement describes one difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells
A Only eukaryotic cells are found in unicellular organisms
B Eukaryotic cells are smaller and less complex than prokaryotic cells
C Only eukaryotic cells contain DNA
D Only eukaryotic cells have specialized organelles enclosed in membranes
The one difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is that only eukaryotic cells have specialized organelles enclosed in membranes.
The single membrane layer surrounds the prokaryotic cells but there are two surrounding membranes in the case of eukaryotic cells which are the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane. The cell wall in the plasma membrane is made up of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and certain amino acids, whereas chitin and cellulose combine together to make up the cell wall of eukaryotic cells. The cell membrane of the prokaryotic cells contains the Respiratory enzyme while the cell membrane of the eukaryotic doesn't contain this enzyme. In prokaryotic cells, endocytosis and exocytosis do not occur and it takes place in many protists and also in animals.
I hope this answer helps.
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For a gene that has four alleles in nature, what is the maximum number of genotypes that can exist in a population?.
For a gene that has 4 alleles in nature, the maximum number of genotypes that can exist is 10 genotypes.
How is relationship between alleles normally described ?The relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies in populations at Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium is normally described the use of a trait for which there are two alleles existing at the locus of interest.Number of genotypes for a given wide variety of alleles given 'n' alleles at a locus, the range genotypes viable is the sum of the integers between 1 and n, formula for 4 alleles:1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 genotypes
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What device can be used to make measurements globally? a. rain gauge b. buoy c. satellite d. thermometer please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The correct answer for the multiple choice question above is D. Or thermometer.
What is type of thermometer ?Thermometer is a device which used for measuring temperature in almost all countries. Because it have an agreed standards in international standards.Thermometer itself is a tool used to determine the amount of temperature. Thermometers themselves have various types according to their function.Some types of thermometers that we often encounter in everyday life are thermometers measuring body heat or also called clinical thermometers, laboratory thermometers which are used to measure temperatures related to research conducted in the laboratory, and the last is a bimetallic thermometers, which is a thermometer used to determine the difference in volume or expansion between two types of metal.Learn more about types of thermometers here: brainly.com/question/22047357
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which is not an example of paleoclimate proxy data? group of answer choices corals ice cores ocean temperatures tree rings
Not example of paleoclimate proxy data is ocean temperatures.
What is paleoclimate proxy data?
Assessment and evaluation of climate change must be carried out using recorded observational data as well as prepared and provided proxy data. Paleoclimatologists (climatologists who study past climates or paleo) use the term "proxies" to describe the way climate change is recorded in nature.
Here's paleoclimate proxy data:
Historical data can contain a lot of information about past climates.Corals, build their hard skeletons from calcium carbonate a mineral extracted from seawater.PollenIce cores, located high in the mountains and near the poles, have accumulated from snowfall over thousands of years.Tree rings, climatic conditions affect tree growth, patterns of tree ring widths, densities, and isotopic composition reflect variations in climate.Caves, these dungeons contain secrets to Earth's climate in speleothems also known as stalactites, stalagmites, and other formations.Pack rat middensareOcean and lake sediments, billions of tones of sediment accumulate in the sea and lake basins each year, providing a tremendous amount of information about the environment.Learn more about paleoclimate proxy here https://brainly.com/question/23529208
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the cells that attack damaged arteries causing inflammation and decreased blood flow are? group of answer choices beta cells chief cells parietal cells foam cells
The correct answer is option D.
The cells that attack damaged arteries causing inflammation and decreased blood flow are foam cells.
What are foam cells?
In general, foam cells are also known as macrophages or fatty streaks.
These cells consists of lipids that are eaten by macrophages or white blood cells.
When an invader enters into body, macrophages surround them and engulf them. In this way, these cells are consuming cholesterol which accumulates over time and block the arteries.
to put it simply, foam cells are fluffy macrophages filled with cholesterol. These cells create hindrance in blood flow and cause inflammation in arteries.
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which phase of mitosis is characterized by each pair of sister chromatids moving to opposite sides of the cell?(1 point) responses prophase
Each pair of sister chromatids moves to the opposing sides of the cell during the mitotic phase known as telophase.
The results of prophase are reversed during telophase. The spindle disintegrates, the chromosomes start to decondense, and the nuclear membranes and nucleoli reform during telophase.The chromatids are moved to opposing ends of the cell until two sets of nuclei are created during the last stage of mitosis, known as telophase.Telophase is the final stage before to the onset of cytokinesis, or the separation of the cytoplasm into two halves.To learn more about prophase click here ,
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How is it possible for cancer to spread from one location to another? In this case,
the cancer spread from the breast tissue to the lymph nodes.
Answer:
Cancer cells break away from where they first formed, travel through the blood or lymph system, and form new tumors in other parts of the body. This process is called Metastasis
Explanation:
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