The amount of heat energy does not remain constant during a phase change.
What exactly is phase shift?A phase change is the conversion of matter from one state to another. When a big amount of energy is gained or lost, this process takes place. Pressure and temperature are other elements that influence phase change.
There are eight thermal mechanisms that might cause matter to change phase. Melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, deposition, ionization, and recombination are the processes involved. These eight phases exist at varying temperatures and pressures.
Latent heat refers to the energy involved with these changes.
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The half-life of carbon-14 is about 6000 ...
Therefore, in this instance, it will require 6000 years for 50% of the carbon-14 atoms in that specific substance to experience radioactive decay. If half of the atoms decay, half of the initial sample will still be present after one half-life.
What is Half Life?
One of an isotope's properties is whether or not it emits radioactive material. While certain isotopes are eternally stable, others are radioactive and undergo a distinctive sort of emission as they decay. The amount of the radioactive isotope will diminish with time as less and less of it is present. The half-life of radioactive decay is a fascinating and practical feature.
The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the amount of time it takes for one half of it to decay. The half-life of a particular radioactive isotope is not influenced by the environment and is not dependent on the isotope's initial concentration.
How long it will take for half of the atoms in an original sample to undergo radioactive decay is determined by an element's nuclear half-life.
The proportion of carbon-14 atoms will reach 25% of the original sample in another 6000 years, 12.5% in another 6000 years, and so on.
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The town of Natrium, West Virginia, derives its name from the sodium produced in the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride(NaCl) mined from ancient salt deposits. The number of kilowatt-hours of electricity required to produce 5.50kg of metallic sodium from the electrolysis of molten NaCl(s) is_________when the applied emf is 5.00V
The town of Natrium, West Virginia, derives its name from the sodium produced in the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride(NaCl) mined from ancient salt deposits. The number of kilowatt-hours of electricity required to produce 5.50kg of metallic sodium from the electrolysis of molten NaCl(s) is 4.58 kWh when the applied emf is 5.00V
The reaction equation is given as:
Na⁺ +e⁻ ⇒ Na
So moles of Na equals moles of electrons used
So the number of moles of sodium can be calculated as:
number of moles = mass ÷ molar mass
Moles = 5500 g ÷ 23 g/mol (1 kg = 1000 g)
Number of moles = 239.13 moles
Q = n × F; where F represents the Faraday constant
Q = 239.13 moles × 96500 C
Q = 23,976,045 mol C
The relationship between electrical energy and Q is
E = Q x V
Now we can substitute the given value into the above formula and calculate the current value as follows:
E = 23,976,045 × 5 .50
E = 126,918,248 J
As 1 J = 2.77 × 10⁻⁷ kWh
For this reason;
126,918,248 J ÷ 2.77 × 10⁻⁷ kWh =4.58 kWh
From this we can conclude that 4.58 kWh of power is required to produce 5.50 kg of metallic sodium from the electrolysis of molten NaCl(s).
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When the nurse administers ethyl chloride to a client, which type of anesthesia is being administered?
Answer: Topical Anesthesia.
Explanation:
Topical anesthetics are used to treat ailments including small burns, insect bites, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, and minor cuts and scratches that cause discomfort and irritation.
The nerve terminals in the skin are numbed by topical anesthesia. They don't render patients unconscious like general anesthetics used during surgery do. The majority of topical anesthetics are accessible over-the-counter, but your doctor may have specific recommendations for their usage and dosage given your particular medical condition.
Classify each the following events based on whether the solubility of the indicated gas will increase, decrease, or stay the same. A) The temperature is increased. B) O2 in the blood of a person who is in a hyperbaric chamber. C) The partial pressure of an anesthetic gas is increased. D) CO2 in a can of soda as it warms to room temperature. E) The pressure of a gas over a solvent is increased.
depending on whether the solubility of the stated gas will rise, fall, or remain the same The temperature is rising.
Solubility in chemistry refers to a material's capacity to dissolve in another substance (the solvent) and form a solution. The opposite quality, insolubility, is the incapacity of the solute to create such a solution.
The concentration of the solute in a saturated solution—a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved—is typically used to gauge the degree of a substance's solubility in a given solvent. The solubility equilibrium between the two compounds is thought to have been reached at this time. There might not be a limit for some solutes and solvents, in which case the two are referred to as "miscible in any quantities" (or just "miscible").
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in 2001, the united states produced 51 percent of its electricity in the amount of 1.878 x 10^12 kwh from coal fired power plants. taking the average thermal efficiency to be 34 percent, determine the amount of thermal energy rejected by the coal-fired power plants in the united states that year.
The amount of thermal energy rejected by the coal-fired power plants in the united states is [tex]3.646.10^{12} kWh[/tex].
What is thermal efficiency?
The ratio of the heat produced by a heat engine to the total heat units in the fuel consumed that's what is meant by thermal efficiency .
[tex]nth=\frac{Wcoal}{Qin}\\nth=\frac{Wcoal}{Qout-Wcoal} 23\\Qout=\frac{Wcoal}{nth} -Wcoal[/tex]
[tex]Qout=\frac{Wcoal}{nth} -Wcoal\\Qout=\frac{1.878.10^{12} }{0.34} -1.878.10^{12}\\=3.646.10^{12} kWh[/tex]
Therefore, the amount of thermal energy rejected by the coal-fired power plants in the united states is [tex]3.646.10^{12} kWh[/tex].
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Consider the product of the following mechanism. How many distinct signals (peaks) would appear in the (proton- decoupled) 13C NMR spectrum for the product? H-Br product 2. 3 3 4 5
In the (proton-decoupled) 13C NMR spectrum for the product, 5, distinct signals (peaks) would show up.
A spectrum is a state that can fluctuate without gaps across a continuum and is not constrained to a particular range of values (plural: spectrums). The term was first used in optics to refer to the rainbow of hues visible light takes on after passing through a prism. As our knowledge of light increased, it became to encompass the full electromagnetic spectrum. Thus, it evolved into a mapping of a range of magnitudes (wavelengths) to a range of attributes, including the perceived "colors of the rainbow" and other properties that correspond to wavelengths outside of the visible light spectrum.
Since then, analogies with spectrum have been used to discuss subjects unrelated to optics. Thus, one could discuss the "spectrum of political opinion".
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refer to the following gases contained in identical rigid cyliners under the conitions given int hetable below. the density of the gas in g/l is
gases contained in identical rigid cyliners under the conitions given int hetable below, the density of the gas in g/l is Greatest in container B.
Gas Density is defined as the amount for every volume of a substance under particular conditions of pressure and temperature. The gas's energy is equal to its mass mass by the volume. We by now know that density () = m/V. So, in equation, compare the value of (2). As a result, the ideal gas density formula is = PM/RT. Brass and aluminium densities will be calculated using mass and volume metrics. Volumes would be ascertained geometries (measuring lengths), by hydrodistillation, and by make possible to demonstrate the effects of accuracy on data.
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The complete question is :
refer to the following gases contained in identical rigid cyliners under the conitions given int hetable below. the density of the gas in g/l is
describe without doing any calculations how a graphical method cxan be used to obtain the activation energy for this reaction
When the activation energy is plotted against the temperature's inverse (kelvin), the slope is a straight line. -Ea/R, where R is a constant equal to 8.314 J/mol-K, is the value of the slope (m).
How does the graphical technique decide the sequence of reactions?In this strategy, the reaction will follow a first order if we plot a straight line between logA (where A is the reactant's concentration) and t (time).
How can the activation energy of a reaction be empirically determined?By monitoring the rate constant, k, and various temperatures, it is possible to visualize the activation energy, Ea. Here is an illustration of how Equation 7 was changed mathematically to determine the activation energy.
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what is the strongest base in each the following reactions? provide justification based on solution equilibrium or forces of attraction between particles.
The strongest base is H2O.
• Strong acids (HNO3) have poor CB and 100% dissociation.
NO3- is a weak base as a result.
As the reaction progresses, H2O acquires H+ ions the majority of the time as NO3- and H2O compete for them.
What is the solution described?Any combination of one or more solutes that have been dissolved in a solvent is referred to as a solution. To create a homogenous mixture, a solute must dissolve in a solvent. To create a homogenous mixture, a solute must dissolve in a solvent.
What are the answer and an example?A homogenous combination of two or more components with particles smaller than 1 nm is referred to as a solution. Salt and sugar solutions are typical illustrations of solutions.
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What is the frequency of
an ultraviolet wave whose
length is 350 nm?
A. 8.6 x 105 Hz
B. 8.6 x 10¹4 Hz
C. 1.2 x 10 Hz
D. 1.2 x 10-¹5 Hz
The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is related to its wavelength by the following equation:
frequency (f) = speed of light (c) / wavelength (λ)
Since the speed of light is approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s, and the wavelength of the ultraviolet wave in question is 350 nm, or 3.50 x 10^-7 m, we can plug these values into the equation to find the frequency:
f = 3 x 10^8 m/s / 3.50 x 10^-7 m
This simplifies to:
f = 8.57 x 10^14 Hz
Therefore, the correct answer is 8.6 x 10^14 Hz, letter B.
Which one of the two phase transitions (freezing or vaporizing) has the larger magnitude in the change of entropy? Explain in terms of statistical model of entropy.
Entropy changes more significantly during phase transitions during freezing.
Change in entropy during a phase change is defined as:-
∆S = change in enthalpy/ temperature (absolute)
Enthalpy values in both processes are comparable.
But, since the temperature in freezing will be much lower than the temperature in vaporizing, enthalpy change in freezing will contribute to a larger magnitude of change in the randomness of the molecules. Hence, it's the magnitude of entropy change will be larger.
A state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty is most frequently connected with the scientific notion of entropy, which is also a quantifiable physical attribute. The notion and the phrase are employed in a variety of disciplines, including classical thermodynamics, where they were initially identified, statistical physics, which describes nature at the molecular level, and information theory. It has wide-ranging uses in physics and chemistry, biological systems, and how they relate to life, cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, and information systems, particularly the transfer of information through telecommunication.
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oxidation catalysts for a gasoline fuel engine require a temperature of ____to effectively operate.
The required temperature is 500 degrees
Oxidation Catalysts help lower engine emissions through chemical reactions that convert carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and aldehydes into carbon dioxide and water.Catalytic oxidation are processes that rely on catalysts to introduce oxygen into organic and inorganic compounds. Many applications, including the focus of this article, involve oxidation by oxygen. Such processes are conducted on a large scale for the remediation of pollutants, production of valuable chemicals, and the production of energy.Oxidation catalysis is conducted by both heterogeneous catalysis and homogeneous catalysis. In the heterogeneous processes, gaseous substrate and oxygen (or air) are passed over solid catalysts. Typical catalysts are platinum, and redox-active oxides of iron, vanadium, and molybdenum.
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the four nitrogens of caffeine are indicated below. which one of these nitrogens is the most basic? a. 2 b. 1 c. 3 d. 4
The nitrogen atom marked 2 is most basic among all 4 nitrogen; So, Option A is correct.
In the structure drawn of caffeine attached below, we can see that there are 4 nitrogen atoms marked 1 to 4.
-The nitrogen atom marked 1 has hybridization SP2 as its lone pair are involved in resonance with the ring by which doesn't act as a proton acceptor.
-The nitrogen atom marked 2 has hybridization SP2 as its lone pair are pointing outwards and away from the ring due to which its lone pair are not involve in conjugation which makes this nitrogen atom basic and it acts as a proton acceptor in a molecule.
-The nitrogen atom marked 3 and 4 in bigger ring has hybridization SP2 as their lone pairs are involved in conjugation with ring and in resonance stabilization of amide by which they doesn't act as a proton acceptor.
Caffeine is an psychoactive drug and one of the most widely consumed substance.It helps in decreasing drowsiness.It can have both good and bad effect on health.
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correctly order the steps necessary to calculate the mass of product formed in a chemical reaction, given the masses of all reactants. start with the first step at the top of the list.
To write a balanced equation for the reaction we
Convert the given mass into moles using molar mass.Convert moles of A to moles of B using a conversion factor derived from the balanced equationConvert most of the 2nd substance to mass using its molar math.Mass of products is equal to mass of reactants. This equation can be read in “moles” by placing the word “moles” between each coefficient and formula. A mole-mole factor is a ratio of the moles for any two substances in an equation. Reactants are starting materials and are written on the left-hand side of the equation. Products are the end result of the reaction and are written on the right-hand side of the equation.Use mole ratios to calculate the number of moles of product that can be formed from the limiting reactant. Multiply the number of moles of the product by its molar mass to obtain the corresponding mass of product
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examine the image and select the statements that correctly describe this molecular depiction. the squiggly arrows pointing toward the interior of the container imply heat is added to the gas.
Both a gas and a liquid will adapt their shape to that of their container. A gas will adjust its volume to fit inside the container. Solids are typically denser than liquids, which are denser than gases. There is not much room between the particles in the solid, which are touching.
The particles' energy content and interactions with other particles have an impact on how much they move. The kinetic energy increases with the rate of vibration and particle movement. Solids have the lowest kinetic energy because they vibrate in place and are closely packed.
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among the following h atom transitions, which would emit a photon of light with the longest wavelength?
C
An hydrogen atom absorbs energy then the electron moves from lower to higher shell number.
Also if the wavelength is longest then energy difference is minium as wavelength and energy are inversely proportional.
Energy difference is directly proportional to (1/n1^2 - 1/n2^2).
Hence we want this quantity as minium for minimum energy and longest wavelength.
a)(1/1 - 1/4) =0.75
b)(1/16 - 1/36) =0.035
v)(1/36-1/49)=0.00737
D)Not the answer as n=5 to n=4 means energy is released.
e)(1/4-1/9) =0.139
Hence the minimum value is c transition.
Hence the answer is option c.
So an hydrogen atom absorbs energy then the electron moves from lower to higher shell number.
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Sketch a voltaic cell consisting of lead anode and a copper cathode. Clearly label both electrodes, the voltmeter,salt bridge, the direction of electron flow, and suggest possible salts which could be dissolved in the half cells to complete the cell.
The voltaic cell consists of a chemical reaction which is irreversible. The electron transfer involved in the reaction setup of the cell results in the production of current. This is an example of an electrochemical cell.
In a lead-copper voltaic cell, the lead cathode is been dipped in the solution of Pb(NO3)2 and the copper cathode is been dipped in the solution of CuSO4 Therefore, the possible salts that could be dissolved in order to complete the cell are CuSO4 and Pb(NO3)2 . The diagrammatic representation of the voltaic cell is depicted below:
An irreversible chemical reaction makes up the voltaic cell. Current is produced as a result of the electron transfer occurring during the cell's reaction setup. An illustration of an electrochemical cell is this.
What do a voltaic cell's anode and cathode represent?An electrode where oxidation takes place is the anode. Reduction takes place on the cathode, an electrode. An electrolyte chamber called a salt bridge is required to finish the circuit in a voltaic cell.
How do you tell a voltaic cell's positive and negative terminals apart?The electrochemical series' lower-ranking metal will become the positive terminal. The positive ions in the electrolyte will receive the released electrons from the positive terminal. within a solar cell.
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g what kind of intermolecular forces act between an ammonia molecule and a chloride anion? note: if there is more than one type of intermolecular force that acts, be sure to list them all, with a comma between the name of each force.
So therefore we will say that that is there is also iron di pole interaction.
What is Intermolecular Forces?
Intermolecular forces, frequently abbreviated to IMF, are the appealing and repulsive forces that stand up among the molecules of a substance. These forces mediate the interactions between character molecules of a substance.
Intermolecular forces are accountable for maximum of the bodily and chemical properties of rely.
Forces also exist among the molecules themselves and these are collectively known as intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces are specifically responsible for the bodily traits of the substance. Intermolecular forces are liable for the condensed states of matter. The debris making up solids and drinks are held together by way of intermolecular forces and those forces have an effect on some of the physical residences of matter in those states.
Meaning ionic bond can be fashioned right here and right here as we've this is iron and this is the disciple nature. So consequently we are able to say that this is there's also iron di pole interplay. So these three styles of inter molecular forces is found in ammonia and chloride.
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In a coffe cup calorimeter, 50.0mL of 0.100M of AgNO3 and 50mL of 0.100M HCl are mixed to yield the following reaction:
Ag+ (aq) + Cl -==> AgCl(s)
The two solutions were initially at 22.60°C, and the final temperature is 23.40°C. How do I calculate the heat that accompanies this reaction in kJ/mol, assuming that the combined solution has a mass of 100g and a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J/g°C.
The heat for the given chemical reaction is equal to 66.9 KJ/mol.
What is the specific heat capacity?Specific heat of a material can be described as the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature by 1 °C of one unit (1kg) mass of a material of a constant volume. The SI unit of the specific heat of a material can be expressed as J/g.°C.
Mathematically the specific heat capacity can be calculated as :
Q = m.C.ΔT Where C is the heat capacity.
The number of moles of AgCl is equal to the moles of HCl.
The number of moles of AgCl, n = M×V = 0.100 × 0.05 = 0.005 mol
The amount of heat released in the given chemical reaction is:
Q = 100 × 4.18 × (23.40 - 22.60)
Q = 334.4 J
The heat that accompanies this reaction can be calculated as:
ΔH = Q/n
ΔH = 334.4 /0.005
ΔH = 66.9 KJ/mol
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Lipids stored in adipose cells are released into the blood in the form of _______________ and transported in the blood bound to or part of ________________?A. Fatty acids; albuminB. Fatty acids; chylomicronsC. Fatty acids; apolipoproteinsD. Triacylglycerides; albuminE. Triacylglycerides; chylomicronsF. Acetyl-CoA; albuminG. Acetyl-CoA; apolipoproteins
Lipids stored in adipose cells are released into the blood in the form of Fatty acids and transported in the blood bound to or part of Albumin.Hence option A is correct.
What is lipids and its functions?All living cells are made up of lipids, which are fatty, waxy, or oily substances that are crucial to numerous bodily processes. Lipids aid in hormone regulation, nerve impulse transmission, organ cushioning, and the storage of energy in the form of body fat.
Phospholipids, sterols (which include the many types of cholesterol), and triglycerides—which make up more than 95% of the lipids in food—are the three primary categories of lipids. Fried foods, animal fats, and dairy products like cream, butter, and cheese contain higher levels of lipids than other dietary groups.
Lipids stored in adipose cells are released into the blood in the form of Fatty acids and transported in the blood bound to or part of Albumin. Hence option A is correct.
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Plan a method to investigate the effect of changing the mass of sodium carbonate powder on the highest temperature reached.
Answer:
How do you measure the mass of a sodium carbonate reaction?
Place on a balance and record the mass. Put 20 drops of sodium carbonate solution into the middle well followed by 20 drops of calcium nitrate solution.
Put on a balance, then note the mass. 20 drops of a calcium nitrate solution should be added to the middle well after 20 droplets of sodium carbonate solution.
What is mass?A body's mass is an inherent quality. Prior to the discoveries of the atom or particle physics, it was widely considered to be tied to the amount of matter within a physical body. It was discovered that, despite having the same quantity of matter in theory, different atoms and elementary particles have varied masses.
There are various conceptions of mass in contemporary physics that are theoretically different but physically equivalent. The resistance of the body to accelerate (change of velocity) in the presence of a net force can be measured experimentally as mass. Put on a balance, then note the mass. 20 drops of a calcium nitrate solution should be added to the middle well after 20 droplets of sodium carbonate solution.
Therefore, put on a balance, then note the mass. 20 drops of a calcium nitrate solution should be added to the middle well after 20 droplets of sodium carbonate solution.
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Which of the following compounds has only primary and secondary hydrogen atoms? O 2-Methylpentane O 2.2,3-Trimethylpentane О 3-Methylpentane O 2.2-Dimethylpentane
The chemical supplied in this option, 2,2-Dimethylpentane, includes both the main and secondary hydrogen atoms that are needed.
A hydrogen atom that is found on a secondary carbon in an organic species is known as secondary hydrogen. The six hydrogen atoms that are connected to the secondary carbon atoms (C2, C4, and C6) are secondary hydrogen atoms. Primary hydrogen is hydrogen that is joined to one carbon atom and then to one additional carbon atom. So, only primary hydrogens are present in isobutene in all of the examples given.
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Please Help ASAP!
100 Points + Brainliest if correct!
Moles Fe = 209.7 g / 55.847 = 3.75
the ratio between CO and Fe is 3 : 2
Moles CO needed = 3.75 x 3 / 2 = 5.63
Mass CO = 5.63 mol x 28.01 g/mol =157.7 g
Calculate [OH -] given [H3O+] in each aqueous solution and classify the solution as acidic or basic a) [H3O+] = 1.3 x 10^-3 M b) [H3O+] = 9.1 x 10 ^-12 M c) [H3O+]= 5.2 x 10^-4 M d) [H3O]= 6.1 x 10 ^9 M
7.7*10^-12 Molar is [Hydroxide] when H3O+ is equal to 1.3 x 10^-3 M, 1.1*10^-3 M is [OH -] when H3O+ is equal to 9.1 x 10^-12 M, and 1.9*10^-11 M is [OH -] when H3O+ is equal to 5.2 x 10^-4 M.
For [H3O+] = 1.3 x 10-3 M, [OH -] equals 1.6*10-6 M. The chemical symbol for hydrogen is OH, making it a diatomic anion. It contains a negative electric charge and is made up of an oxygen and a hydrogen atom joined by a single covalent link.
[H3O+] = 1.3*10^-3 Molar
use:
[OH-] = Kw/[H3O+]
Kw is dissociation constant of water whose value is 1.0*10^-14 at 25 oC
[OH-] = (1.0*10^-14)/[H3O+]
[OH-] = (1.0*10^-14)/(1.3*10^-3)
[OH-] = 7.692*10^-12 M
7.7*10^-12 M
Given:
[H3O+] = 9.1*10^-12 M
[OH-] = Kw/[H3O+]
Kw is dissociation constant of water whose value is 1.0*10^-14 at 25 oC
[OH-] = (1.0*10^-14)/[H3O+]
[OH-] = (1.0*10^-14)/(9.1*10^-12)
[OH-] = 1.099*10^-3 M
1.1*10^-3 M
Given:
[H3O+] = 5.2*10^-4 M
use:
[OH-] = Kw/[H3O+]
Kw is dissociation constant of water whose value is 1.0*10^-14 at 25 oC
[OH-] = (1.0*10^-14)/[H3O+]
[OH-] = (1.0*10^-14)/(5.2*10^-4)
[OH-] = 1.923*10^-11 M
1.9*10^-11 M
[H3O+] = 6.1*10^-9 M
[OH-] = Kw/[H3O+]
Kw is dissociation constant of water whose value is 1.0*10^-14 at 25 oC
[OH-] = (1.0*10^-14)/[H3O+]
[OH-] = (1.0*10^-14)/(6.1*10^-9)
[OH-] = 1.639*10^-6 M
1.6*10^-6 M
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What describes a metallic bond?; What is the best way to describe metallic bonding?; What is an example of a metallic bond?
The metallic bond is the force of attraction between these free-moving (delocalised) electrons and positive metal ions.
Some metallic bond examples include magnesium, sodium and aluminum.
What is an electron?
Unattached or connected to an atom, an electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle (now not bound). One of the 3 important kinds of particles in an atom, along with protons and neutrons, is an electron that is connected to the atom.The nucleus is made of electrons, protons, and also neutrons. The poor fee of the electron is balanced by using the high quality rate of the proton. An atom is in a neutral country if its protons and electrons are identical in number.The variations between electrons and the opposite particles are severa. they have got a mass that notably decrease, exist outside of the nucleus, and show each wave- and particle-like homes.To know more about electrons, click the link given below:
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a fixed amount of a molecular substance in the liquid phase is placed in a flask at constant temperature. the flask is closed and is allowed to come to equilibrium. select all the statements that correctly describe the processes occurring in the flask.'
The processes occurring in the flask are:
-molecules are leaving and entering the liquid phase at the same rate
-the relative amounts of liquid and vapor in the flask remain constant.
In chemistry, we define the temperature of a substance as the average kinetic power of all of the atoms or molecules of that substance. No longer do all of the debris of a substance have identical kinetic strength. At any given time, the kinetic energy of the debris may be represented by means of a distribution.
Temperature performs a vital function in-hospital treatment (both humans and animals), food, beverages, and agriculture.the SI unit of temperature as consistent with the global system of devices is Kelvin.
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If a metal begins with a +3 charge, which of the following charges would indicate that the metal has been oxidized?
a. 0
b. +4
c. +2
d. +1
b. +4 charges would indicate that the metal has been oxidized
What occurs when a metal oxidizes?
General corrosion is caused by the oxidation of the majority or all of the atoms on a metal surface, which results in damage to the whole surface. The majority of metals are easily oxidized; they often lose electrons to oxygen and other elements in the atmosphere or in liquids.
When an ionic chemical reaction takes place while oxygen is present on a metal's surface, metal oxidation happens. This process involves the transfer of electrons from the metal to the oxygen molecules. The resulting generation of and entry of negative oxygen ions into the metal results in the formation of an oxide surface.
A combination of iron oxides and hydroxides is known as rust in general.
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Using standard reduction potentials from the ALEKS Data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy AG for the following redox reaction.
Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
6Br (aq) + 2Cro (aq) +8H₂0 (1) 3Br₂ (1)+2Cr(OH), (s) + 100H (aq)
1
According to the equation G° = -nFE°, the standard change in free energy, G°, and the standard potential, E°, for a redox reaction are connected.
How is the standard cell potential determined from the standard reduction potentials?Due of its higher standard reduction potential, the silver half-cell will go through reduction. Oxidation will take place in the tin half-cell. E0cell=E0red+E0oxid can be used to compute the total cell potential.
What does the normal free energy change of G mean?The amount of energy released during a chemical reaction's conversion of reactants into products under standard circumstances is known as the standard free energy change (or "Go").
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Draw the expected major elimination product and identify the mechanism. H3C CH3 CH OH reaction These conditions will under go an O E2
H3C CH3 CH OH reaction These settings will under go an O E2. the expected major elimination product and determine the mechanism. Br CH, OH, H3C CO E1.
What is elimination?
These circumstances will have a reaction. The image below illustrates one of the products created when 1-bromo-2,2-dimethylcyclopentane is heated in ethanol. The nucleophile reaches the electrophilic carbon in an SN2 reaction at an angle of 180 ° to the leaving group. The stability of transition states provides a justification for the increase in E2 reaction rate with increasing alkyl substitution. In the stage of transition. NaOH. CH3. BH2. H. BH2. H2O2. CH3. The principal organic product for each of the following reactions, the anticipated major elimination product, and the process are note concerted addition of B-H across C=C.
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-Involves electrons
Duo-Happens outside atomic
nucleus
-Releases relatively small
amounts of energy
-Involves neutrons
-Happens inside atomic
nucleus
-Releases relatively large
amounts of energy
How should the student label each circle in this diagram?
O reaction A: chemical; reaction B: nuclear
reaction A: nuclear; reaction B: chemical
reaction A: strong nuclear; reaction B: weak nuclear
O reaction A: weak nuclear; reaction B: strong nuclear
TOODETE
In the labelling of the circles; reaction A is a chemical reaction while reaction B is a nuclear reaction.
How do we label the two circles?We know that in chemistry, the idea of change is quite central to our discussion. The change that we are talking about could be a chemical change or a physical change.
We have two circles that are in the Venn diagram that we have in the question. Before we can be able to label the two of the circles well we must have to remind ourselves of the differences between a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction.
A chemical reaction result in the formation of new chemical species while the nuclear reaction would lead to the formation of new elements and the energy that is released in a nuclear reaction is far higher than the energy that is released from a chemical reaction.
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