Which of these would not be protected by the First Amendment?

In his farewell address, President Washington emphasized the importance of a "unified body politic" for the success and stability of the new nation. He warned against the dangers of political parties and urged citizens to prioritize the common good over personal or partisan interests.

Additionally, he cautioned against forming permanent alliances with foreign countries, stating that such alliances could lead to entanglements that would compromise American sovereignty and independence. It is important to note that Washington did not explicitly speak out against either Republican or Federalist policies in his farewell address. However, his warnings against the dangers of political factions and his emphasis on the importance of unity and impartiality can be seen as a critique of the divisive and partisan politics that were beginning to emerge in the young nation.

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The placement of an element with absolute or relative positioning can have different effects on how it interacts with the document content.

Relative positioning refers to an element's position being set relative to its normal position within the document flow. This means that the element's placement will not affect the layout of other elements on the page. However, if the element is positioned absolutely, it is taken out of the normal document flow and its position is set relative to the nearest positioned ancestor element. This can cause the element to overlap with other content on the page and potentially disrupt the layout.  When deciding which positioning method to use, it's important to consider how it will impact the overall design and layout of the page.

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Sociologists with macro-level orientations refer to constructs such as social institutions, social status, and social class as the structures that shape society. Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.

This is because these constructs are not just individual characteristics, but rather social phenomena that affect groups of people on a larger scale.
Social institutions refer to the established patterns of behavior and relationships that are accepted and maintained by society, such as the family, education, religion, and government. These institutions shape the way people interact with each other and can have a significant impact on individuals' experiences and opportunities.
Social status refers to the position or rank that an individual holds in society, based on factors such as wealth, occupation, education, and social connections. This construct influences the way individuals are perceived by others and can have an impact on their access to resources and opportunities.
Social class is a related construct that refers to the grouping of individuals based on their economic and social position, often determined by income, occupation, and education. Social class can have a significant impact on an individual's life chances, including access to education, healthcare, and job opportunities.
Overall, these constructs are important to sociologists with macro-level orientations because they help to explain the broader patterns of behavior and social organization in society. By examining these structures, sociologists can gain a deeper understanding of how social inequalities and power dynamics are maintained and how they can be challenged and changed. Therefore, option b is the correct answer.

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In the 1950s and 1960s, the basic objective of all Western European governments was to rebuild and strengthen their economies after the devastation of World War II.

This was achieved through a combination of policies, including investment in industry, infrastructure, and education, as well as the promotion of trade and international cooperation. The rebuilding effort was led by the Marshall Plan, which provided financial aid to Western European countries to help them recover and modernize their economies. The plan was a success, and by the 1960s, Western Europe had achieved a remarkable level of economic growth and prosperity.
In addition to economic objectives, Western European governments also focused on social and political goals, such as improving living standards, reducing poverty, and promoting democratic values. This included the creation of a welfare state, which provided social services such as healthcare, education, and unemployment benefits to citizens.
Overall, the basic objective of all Western European governments in the 1950s and 1960s was to create stable and prosperous societies that were able to compete in the global economy. This was achieved through a combination of economic, social, and political policies, which laid the foundation for the modern Western European state.

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Expansionary fiscal policy is the main cause of stagflation. Thus, the given statement is false.

Fiscal policy that directly boosts aggregate demand through an increase in public expenditure is sometimes referred to as expansionary or "loose." Fiscal policy, on the other hand, is frequently regarded as contractionary or "tight" if it lowers demand through decreased expenditure. However, if implemented during sound economic expansions, expansionary fiscal policy can lead to higher interest rates, expanding trade deficits, and accelerating inflation.

Stagflation can be started or contributed to by having poor monetary or fiscal policy. For instance, if the government raises taxes on small firms, employers would have to pay more in taxes and operational expenses, which may lead them to reduce their labor force and raise prices for customers.

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The Great Society was a collection of domestic policies that President Lyndon B. Johnson implemented in the 1960s with the intention of decreasing poverty and inequality in the country. Medicare, Medicaid, and the War on Poverty were among the programs.

Johnson's agenda for Congress in January 1965 was the Great Society program, which included funding for education, combating disease, Medicare, urban renewal, beautification, conservation, development of economically depressed areas, a widespread fight against poverty, preventing crime and delinquency, and removing barriers.

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The primary goal of United States foreign policy from 1900 to 1915 was to promote United States influence in Latin America.

During this period, the United States pursued a policy known as the "Big Stick" policy, which emphasized the use of American military power to protect American interests in Latin America. This policy was motivated by a desire to establish the United States as a dominant power in the Western Hemisphere, and to protect American economic and political interests in the region. While the United States did become involved in some European affairs during this period, such as the First World War, the primary focus of American foreign policy was on Latin America. The other options presented in the question - developing economic ties with African nations, opposing revolutionary movements in western Europe, and preventing the spread of communism in western Europe and Asia - were not the primary goals of American foreign policy during this period.

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The Italian mosaic technique used by the Mughals to decorate the Taj Mahal and Shah Jahan's palace is called "Pietra Dura." Pietra Dura is an intricate inlay technique that involves cutting and fitting highly polished, colored stones into a marble base to create beautiful, detailed designs.

The Italian mosaic technique used by the Moguls to decorate the Taj Mahal and Shah Jahan's palace was known as pietra dura, which translates to "hard stone" in Italian. This technique involves using small, intricately cut and polished pieces of semi-precious stones, such as lapis lazuli, agate, and jasper, to create intricate designs and patterns. The Moguls adopted this technique from the Italian Renaissance artists and adapted it to their own style, incorporating traditional Indian motifs and themes. The Mughals adopted this Italian technique and incorporated it into their architecture, enhancing the beauty and elegance of their monuments.

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Literacy tests were required in order to vote in elections is NOT true of Johnson’s Great Society.

In order to combat poverty and advance civil rights, education, healthcare, and environmental preservation President Lyndon B. Johnson introduced a number of domestic programs and initiatives known as The Great Society in the 1960s.

The establishment of Medicare and Medicaid to provide healthcare for the elderly and low-income families, the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the protection of millions of acres of forestland from development are just a few examples of policies that were part of the Great Society.

However, there were no provisions in the Great Society for voting literacy tests. Actually the Voting Rights Act did away with literacy tests and other unfair voting procedures that had been used to deny African Americans in the South their right to vote.

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Since the 1930s, African Americans have primarily identified as Democrats. This shift towards the Democratic party began during the Great Depression when President Franklin D.

Roosevelt introduced the New Deal programs which aimed to address the economic struggles facing the country. These programs included policies such as the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Works Progress Administration, and the Social Security Act which provided jobs, financial support, and other benefits to Americans struggling during the Depression. African Americans were disproportionately affected by poverty and unemployment during this time, and the New Deal programs offered much-needed relief and support. Many African Americans were drawn to the Democratic Party's support for civil rights and equal treatment under the law.

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Michael Graves's Portland Public Services Building is an example of postmodern architecture. Postmodernism emerged as a reaction to modernism, which was characterized by clean lines, simplicity, and functionality. Postmodernism, on the other hand, embraced ornamentation, historical references, and cultural symbolism.

The Portland Public Services Building features a whimsical, colorful facade with patterns and shapes that refer to classical architecture. The building also features elements of historicism, such as columns and pediments, but they are exaggerated and not functional. Additionally, the building plays with scale and proportion, as some elements appear larger or smaller than expected. Overall, the Portland Public Services Building is an excellent example of postmodern architecture, which celebrates individual expression, playfulness, and irony.
Hi there! Michael Graves's Portland Public Services Building is an example of Postmodern architecture. This architectural style emerged in the late 20th century as a reaction to the perceived blandness and uniformity of Modernist architecture. Postmodernism emphasizes the use of ornamentation, historical references, and playful elements to create diverse and visually engaging designs.

In the case of the Portland Public Services Building, Michael Graves combined classical architectural elements, such as the columns and pediments, with vibrant colors and geometric shapes. The result is a building that defies the typical conventions of modern architecture while still serving its functional purpose as a public facility.

Additionally, the building showcases a strong sense of context and a desire to connect with the local urban fabric. By incorporating these elements, Graves's design became a significant example of Postmodern architecture, which values the idea of architectural language that speaks to both the past and present.

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The building complex in question is the Taj Mahal, which was erected by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as a tomb and monument for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

It is located in the city of Agra, India and is widely regarded as one of the world's most iconic and beautiful structures, featuring exquisite Islamic architecture and intricate decorative elements. The construction of the Taj Mahal took over 20 years and required the labor of thousands of workers, including skilled craftsmen and artisans who created the complex's intricate carvings, mosaics, and calligraphy. It remains a popular tourist attraction and symbol of love and devotion.

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a. Henna.  Ancient Egyptian men and women stained their nails red using henna, a plant-based dye that is still commonly used for hair and skin decoration in many cultures today.

The practice of nail care and decoration was an important aspect of personal grooming for the ancient Egyptians, and it was believed to signify social status and enhance one's overall appearance.

In addition to henna, other natural substances were also used to color the nails, including indigo, ochre, and carmine.

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The New Agriculture, also known as the Second Agricultural Revolution, was a period of agricultural development that occurred in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe and North America.

It was characterized by new technologies, techniques, and practices that transformed agriculture and led to increased food production. Two key characteristics of the New Agriculture were:

Mechanization: The New Agriculture was marked by a significant increase in the use of machines, such as the plow, reaper, and threshing machine. This allowed farmers to increase their productivity and efficiency, reducing the amount of labor required to produce crops.

Crop rotation and soil conservation: The New Agriculture saw the widespread adoption of new crop rotation systems, such as the four-field rotation, which helped to maintain soil fertility and prevent soil exhaustion. Farmers also began to use new techniques for soil conservation, such as contour plowing and terracing, which helped to prevent soil erosion and improve crop yields. These new practices were key to the increased productivity and sustainability of the New Agriculture.

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The Industrial Revolution dramatically transformed family life in the United States.  With the advent of factories and mass production, work moved outside of the home, and family members were forced to leave to earn a living.

Prior to industrialization, families primarily worked together in agriculture, and homes were the center of economic activity. However, with the advent of factories and mass production, work moved outside of the home, and family members were forced to leave to earn a living.

This led to a significant shift in the structure of the family, as the traditional roles of men, women, and children were redefined. Men became the primary wage earners, while women and children were relegated to domestic roles. The home became a place of respite from the harsh conditions of the workplace, and the nuclear family replaced the extended family as the norm.

Overall, the Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on family life in the United States, transforming the family from an economic unit to a social one, and redefining traditional gender roles in the process.

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False. While Central Park is one of the most famous and iconic community parks in the United States, it was not the first. In fact, the first community park in the US was Boston Common, which was established in 1634, the same year that Central Park was falsely claimed to have been developed. Boston Common is a 50-acre public park in downtown Boston, Massachusetts, and was originally used for public gatherings, grazing animals, and military exercises.

It has since become a popular tourist attraction and a place for locals to enjoy a wide range of activities, including picnicking, playing sports, and attending concerts and festivals.It is important to note that while Central Park was not the first community park in the US, it is still a significant and impressive landmark. It was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux in the mid-19th century and is located in the heart of Manhattan.

The park covers 843 acres and features a variety of landscapes, including lakes, gardens, meadows, and forests. It is a beloved space for New Yorkers and visitors alike, offering opportunities for recreation, relaxation, and appreciation of nature in the midst of a bustling city.

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The "Fifth Gospel" of Thomas is not a canonical gospel and is not recognized as part of the New Testament.

It is a collection of 114 sayings attributed to Jesus, discovered among a group of ancient manuscripts known as the Nag Hammadi Library, which were found in Upper Egypt in 1945.

While the "Fifth Gospel" of Thomas does not contain a portrait of Jesus in the traditional sense, it does provide a unique perspective on his teachings and beliefs. The sayings in Thomas are often presented as cryptic and enigmatic statements, and many scholars believe that they offer insights into the esoteric and mystical aspects of early Christian thought.

Unlike the canonical gospels, which focus on the life and ministry of Jesus, the "Fifth Gospel" of Thomas emphasizes the importance of inner spiritual transformation and the attainment of knowledge and enlightenment. Many of the sayings in Thomas suggest that the kingdom of God is not a physical place or state, but a spiritual reality that can be experienced through a process of inner transformation and awakening.

Overall, the "Fifth Gospel" of Thomas presents a unique and alternative perspective on the teachings and beliefs of Jesus and the early Christian movement.

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The common criticism of Exxon's actions after the 1989 Valdez disaster was that the company did not volunteer to fund research on clean-up technologies or long-term environmental costs.

This criticism was related to the company's response to the spill, which many people felt was inadequate and slow. Exxon was also criticized for downplaying the severity of the spill and for its handling of the cleanup efforts. Overall, many environmentalists and community members felt that Exxon's response was insufficient and that the company did not take enough responsibility for the environmental damage caused by the spill.

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The Roman Catholic immigration into the United States in the 1840s had significant effects on American society, including:Increased diversity,Religious tensions, Political impact ETC..

1. Increased diversity: The influx of Roman Catholic immigrants from Ireland and other parts of Europe contributed to the cultural and ethnic diversity of the United States, which had previously been dominated by Anglo-Protestant culture.

2. Religious tensions: The majority of Americans at the time were Protestant, and many viewed the Roman Catholic Church with suspicion and even hostility. This led to tensions and conflicts between Protestants and Catholics, and there were incidents of violence against Catholic churches and institutions.

3. Political impact: The growing number of Roman Catholic immigrants in the United States led to their increasing political influence. This was especially true in areas with large Catholic populations, such as New York City and Boston, where Catholic voters became an important constituency in local and national elections.

4. Growth of the Catholic Church: The influx of Roman Catholic immigrants helped to fuel the growth of the Catholic Church in the United States. The Church established new parishes and schools to serve the growing Catholic population, and the number of Roman Catholic clergy and religious orders increased significantly during this period.

5. Labor force: Many of the Roman Catholic immigrants who came to the United States in the 1840s were unskilled laborers who worked in factories, mines, and other industries. They played an important role in building the American economy and helped to lay the foundation for the country's industrialization.

Overall, the Roman Catholic immigration into the United States in the 1840s had a lasting impact on American society, contributing to its cultural, religious, and economic diversity.

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From 1951 to 1953, Mohammad Mosaddegh, an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer, led Iran as its 35th prime minister after being chosen by the 16th Majlis. To avoid a political uproar, Mosaddegh was detained for three years before being placed under house arrest until his death. He was then buried at his own home.

Early in 1953, US President Dwight D. Eisenhower and UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill made the decision to overthrow Iran's government because they believed that Mosaddegh was unamenable and were concerned about the communist Tudeh's expanding power.

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Short-sea shipping is widely accepted and practiced in North America, as well as in Europe and Asia. Short-sea shipping refers to the transportation of goods by sea along the coast or between nearby ports, as opposed to longer voyages across oceans.

This mode of transport has gained popularity in recent years due to its potential to reduce congestion on roads and highways, lower emissions, and increase efficiency in the supply chain. In North America, short-sea shipping has been used to transport a variety of goods including consumer goods, raw materials, and even automobiles. The Great Lakes region in particular has seen an increase in short-sea shipping activity, as it provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional modes of transport such as trucking and rail. In Europe and Asia, short-sea shipping has been used extensively to transport goods between neighboring countries, as well as to connect ports with inland distribution centers.

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The flux that is responsible for transferring carbon from the land to the atmosphere is called respiration.

Respiration is a process by which organisms release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere by breaking down organic matter such as glucose during cellular respiration. It is a natural process that occurs in plants and animals, and it is essential for the carbon cycle. During respiration, carbon that has been stored in plants and other living organisms is released back into the atmosphere as CO2.

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Iran armed forces are weakened by the revolution and Iraq attacks Khuzestan. After that Khorramshahr is captured and Iran pushes back hard against Iraq then peace is declared is the correct order from earliest to latest of Iran-Iraq War.

The Iranian Revolution in 1979 brought significant changes to the country, including the weakening of its armed forces. The new Islamic government initiated a purge of military officers. In 1980, Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein, launched a surprise invasion of Iran, citing territorial disputes over the border region of Khuzestan.

Iraqi forces quickly captured the Iranian city of Khorramshahr in the early stages of the war. However, Iran eventually managed to push back and recapture the city after a year-long siege, in what was considered a significant victory for the Iranian military. After years of fighting and hundreds of thousands of casualties, the war ended in 1988 with a ceasefire and a return to pre-war borders.

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The baby boomer generation (born between 1946-1964) benefited the most from the changes that followed World War II until the early 1970s.

This period saw significant economic growth, increased opportunities for education, and expanded social programs, which allowed this generation to experience greater social mobility and financial prosperity than previous generations.

Baby boomers are individuals born in the post-World War II era between 1946 and 1964. This generation is characterized by its large population size, with an estimated 76 million baby boomers born in the United States alone. The term "baby boomer" was coined to describe the increase in births following the end of World War II, as soldiers returned home and started families.

Baby boomers grew up in a time of significant social and cultural change, including the civil rights movement, the women's liberation movement, and the sexual revolution. They experienced unprecedented economic growth and enjoyed a relatively stable job market, which allowed them to accumulate wealth and achieve a higher standard of living than previous generations. Many baby boomers also benefited from expanded access to education and healthcare.

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The correct option is C, A virtual monopoly on learning during the Middle Ages was held by monks in monasteries.

In Christianity, monasteries emerged as early as the 4th century and became a prominent feature of medieval Europe. Monks and nuns who lived in monasteries took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience and dedicated themselves to a life of prayer, work, and study.

Monasteries served as centers of learning and intellectual activity, preserving ancient texts and producing new works of scholarship.Monasteries also played an important role in the development of agriculture, as monks and nuns cultivated land and raised animals to sustain themselves and their communities.

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Complete Question:

A virtual monopoly on learning during the Middle Ages was held by

A. knights in castles

B. professors in universities

C. monks in monasteries

D. wandering minstrels

The primary contributing factor of the Great Recession was (C) a financial crisis. The Great Recession, which began in 2008 and lasted for several years, was caused by a combination of factors that led to a global financial crisis.

The financial crisis was triggered by the collapse of the housing market in the United States, which was fueled by the proliferation of subprime mortgages and the securitization of these loans. When housing prices began to decline, many homeowners found themselves underwater on their mortgages, and many subprime borrowers defaulted on their loans.

This led to a wave of foreclosures, which caused the value of mortgage-backed securities to plummet. This, in turn, led to a crisis in the banking sector, as many banks and financial institutions had invested heavily in these securities.  The financial crisis had a ripple effect throughout the global economy, leading to a contraction in credit markets, a drop in consumer and business spending, and rising unemployment. Governments around the world implemented a range of measures to try to mitigate the effects of the recession, including fiscal stimulus packages and monetary policy interventions.

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True. Repatriation refers to the process of bringing back an expatriate employee or manager to their home country before the scheduled completion of their assignment.

Repatriation refers to the process of bringing back expatriate employees to their home country after completing their overseas assignment. It involves not only the physical relocation of the employee but also the reintegration into the home organization and culture. Repatriation is an important aspect of international human resource management as it impacts the success of an organization's global operations. Failure to properly manage repatriation can lead to a loss of valuable talent and knowledge, as well as decreased employee motivation and commitment. Therefore, organizations need to develop effective repatriation policies and procedures to ensure a smooth transition for their expatriate employees.

This could happen due to various reasons, such as the completion of the assignment, personal or family reasons, company restructuring, or any other reason that requires the employee to return to their home country. It is different from expatriation, which is the process of sending employees or managers to work in a foreign country for a specified period of time.

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In the 15th and 16th centuries, Europeans were looking for a new, shorter route to Eastern Asia in order to bypass the long and expensive overland trade routes.

The discovery of new sea routes would also provide them with access to new trade markets and increase their profits. The main motivation behind this search for new trade routes was economic, with European countries hoping to gain an advantage over their competitors by controlling the lucrative trade with the East. Portugal was one of the first European nations to embark on this quest, and their explorers discovered a new sea route around the southern tip of Africa to reach Asia. This was followed by the Spanish exploration of the Americas, which led to the discovery of a new continent rich in resources and trade opportunities. The discovery of these new routes not only opened up new trade markets but also allowed for the spread of European culture and ideas throughout the world. However, it also led to the exploitation and colonization of many countries, often at the expense of the native populations. Overall, the search for a new route to Eastern Asia was driven by economic interests, with the ultimate goal of expanding trade and increasing profits for European nations.

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Dr. Mengele believed that understanding the secrets of heredity would help the Nazi ideal of the future by using selective breeding to create a superior Aryan race.

He believed that by carefully selecting individuals with desirable traits and characteristics, the Aryan race could be strengthened and improved over time. Additionally, Dr. Mengele was interested in studying the effects of genetic mutations on the human body and believed that by understanding these mutations, he could better control and manipulate the human genome. However, his experiments and research were unethical and often involved the torture and murder of innocent people, and he ultimately did not achieve any significant scientific advancements in the field of genetics.

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European exploration of the New World proceeded rapidly after Columbus's discoveries due to a combination of factors such as the search for new trade routes, religious zeal, and competition among European nations for power and resources.


European exploration of the New World was driven by several factors, including the desire to find new trade routes to Asia, the spread of Christianity, and the competition for power and resources among European nations. Columbus's discoveries in the Americas opened up new opportunities for trade, particularly in gold and silver, which fueled the desire for further exploration. Additionally, the spread of Christianity motivated many Europeans to seek out new lands to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity.

The competition for power and resources among European nations, particularly Spain, Portugal, England, and France, also played a significant role in the rapid exploration of the New World. These nations sought to expand their empires and gain access to valuable resources such as land, gold, and silver. Overall, a combination of economic, religious, and political factors drove the rapid expansion of European exploration in the New World after Columbus's discoveries.

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