The molecules can be a reactant in a Friedel-crafts reaction will be aniline .
The Lewis acid as well as the chlorine atom of such acid chloride form a complex during the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. Cleaving the complex's C-Cl link produces an acylium ion. The acylium ion undergoes resonance stabilized but also has a positive electrical charge upon that carbon atom.
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, an electrophilic aromatic substitution process, may add an alkyl to a benzene molecule. One illustration is the insertion of a methyl group into a benzene ring.
Therefore, the molecules can be a reactant in a Friedel-crafts reaction will be aniline .
Hence, the correct answer will be option (a)
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This formula equation is unbalanced. pb(no3)2(aq) li2so4(aq) right arrow. pbso4(s) lino3(aq) which coefficient should appear in front of lino3 in the balanced equation?
The coefficient 2 should appear in front of [tex]LiNO_{3}[/tex] in the balanced equation
The chemical equation in which number of atoms in reactant side is equal to the number of atom in product side is called balanced chemical equation. The example of balanced equation is given as,
[tex]Pb(NO_{3} )_{2} (aq) + Li_{2} SO_{4} (aq)[/tex] → [tex]2Li(NO_{3} ) (aq) + Pb SO_{4} (aq)[/tex]
In the above equation, 2 is appear in front of [tex]LiNO_{3}[/tex] in the balanced equation which is known as the coefficient.
The symbolic representation of the chemical reaction is called chemical equation.
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Answer: 2
Explanation:
Identify atleast 2 limitations of the simulation. how do these limitations influence the simulation
Which method is used for synthesis of ammonia?
The Haber-Bosch process
The dominant ammonia production process is the Haber-Bosch process invented in 1904 which requires high temperature (~500°C) and high pressure (150–300 bar), in addition to efficient catalysts3,4. Natural gas or coal is used as the energy source of the ammonia industry.Learn more about synthesis of ammonia
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How many grams of nitrogen gas are formed when 18. 1 g of ammonia is reacted with 90. 4 g of copper(ii) oxide?
10.55 grams of nitrogen gas are formed when 18. 1 g of ammonia is reacted with 90. 4 g of copper(ii) oxide.
What is stoichiometric law?The laws which deals with the composition of substance by mass or his volume are called the laws of stoichiometry.
The laws of stoichiometry are:
Law of conservation of mass Law of definite/constant proportion Law of multiple proportion Law of reciprocal proportions Law of gaseous volumeReaction:
3CuO + 2NH₃ → N₂ + 3 Cu + 3 H₂O
n(CuO) = m(CuO) / 64 + 16 = 90.4 / 80 = 1.13 mol (molar mass of CuO = 90.4)
n(NH₃) = m(NH₃) / 14+3 = 18.1 / 17= 1.065mol (molar mass of NH₃ = 18)
For 1.065 mol of NH3 undergoing the reaction, 3/2 times larger amount of CuO is needed.
CuO is 1.6 mol but it's only 1.13 of it so CuO is a limiting reactant, we must count stoichiometry by amount of this reactant.
n(CuO) = 1.13 mol,
n(N₂) = n(CuO) / 3 = 1.13 / 3 = 0.376 mol
m(N₂) = 0.376 x 28 = 10.55 grams
10.55 grams of nitrogen gas are formed when 18. 1 g of ammonia is reacted with 90. 4 g of copper(ii) oxide.
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25. 22 the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide with methyl benzoate followed by acidification produces triphenylcarbinol. what are the sources of phenyl groups in triphenylcarbinol?
Triphenylcarbinol( or triphenylmethanol) gets its phenyl groups from phenylmagnesium bromide.
Synthesis of triphenylcarbinol:
A typical laboratory experiment for demonstrating the Grignard reaction is the synthesis of triphenylmethanol using methyl benzoate, benzophenone, and phenylmagnesium bromide. Diethyl carbonate is a possible starting material.
Characteristics:
An organic substance is a triphenylmethanol. It is a white, crystalline substance that dissolves well in alcohol, diethyl ether, and benzene but not in water or petroleum ether. Due to the creation of a persistent "trityl" carbocation, it generates a bright yellow hue in very acidic solutions. Important dyes include several triphenylmethanol derivatives.Triphenylmethanol has a core tetrahedral carbon atom, three phenyls (Ph) rings, and an alcohol group attached to it. With lengths of around 1.47Å for all three C-Ph bonds and 1.42Å for the C-O link, these connections are characteristic of sp3-sp2 carbon-carbon bonds.Three neighboring phenyl groups give off specific qualities that are reflected in the alcohol's reactivity.Learn more about triphenylmethanol here:
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5.04 Discussion: Reaction-Rate Factors
Discuss with your classmates your investigation about reaction-rate factors.
Describe how you conducted your experiment, and explain how you reached your conclusion.
Evaluate your investigation, and describe some ways that you could modify your investigation.
Respond to your classmates' experimental designs and conclusions. Do they support their conclusions with evidence?
Increasing the surface area of the reactant by pelletizing the calcium carbonate, and increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid resulted in increase in the rate of reaction.
What is reaction rate?Reaction rate refers to the rate at which reactant molecules are consumed or the rate at which product molecules are formed.
The factors that affect reaction rate include:
TemperatureConcentrationSurface area of reactantsNature of reactantsPresence of catalystsGiven an experiment to determine effect of surface area of reactants and concentration on reaction rate of dilute hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate:
It was observed that increasing the surface area of the reactant by pelletizing the calcium carbonate and increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid made the reaction proceed faster.
In conclusion, reaction rate increases with increase in surface area.
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A sample of gas occupies 75.5 mL at -14.2°C. What volume does the sample occupy at 146.7 °C?
In a solution, when the concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base are equal, ________.
In a solution, when the concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base are equal: 1. the -log of the concentration of H+ and the -log of the Ka are equal.
What are Strong acid strong bases ?Any acid that entirely ionises in solutions is considered a strong acid. When positioned, it emits the most hydrogen ions or protons.
It is a substance with the capacity to take a proton out of an extremely weak acid. In water, they can also entirely separate into its ions. Examples include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide (KOH) (NaOH)What are weak acid and weak bases ?Acids that don't entirely dissociate in solution are referred to as weak acids. In other words, any acid that is not a strong acid qualifies as a weak acid. The amount of dissociation determines how strong an acid is; the more dissociation, the stronger the acid.
Weak bases are basic compounds that, when dissolved in solutions, do not entirely separate into their constituent ions.Learn more about Acids and bases here:
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What happened to the molecule when the electron was promoted to the antibonding orbital?.
the bond will break
The bond will dissolve (break) if the electron absorbs a photon and is moved from a bonding molecular orbital to an antibonding orbital since there is no longer an overall stabilizing interaction.
What is an antibonding orbital?An antibonding molecular orbital is the molecular orbital created by the destructive overlapping of atomic orbitals.
Why is it called antibonding orbital?Every atom will add one electron to the bond that makes up the lower energy bond. To prevent interacting with the other two electrons, the additional electron will occupy a higher energy state. The antibonding orbital is the name of this higher energy orbital.What orbitals form an antibond?The bonding orbitals are home to electrons that spend the majority of their time between the nuclei of two atoms, whereas the antibonding orbitals are home to electrons that spend the majority of their time outside the nuclei of two atoms.When an electron was elevated to the antibonding orbital, what happened?In contrast, putting electrons in antibonding orbitals will make the molecule less stable. The energy levels of the orbitals will determine how many electrons are filled. The lower energy orbitals will be filled first, and then the higher energy orbitals.To learn more about antibonding orbitals visit:
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What is the molar concentration of potassium ions in a 0. 250 m k2so4(aq) solution?
The molar concentration of potassium ions in a 0. 250 m K₂SO₄(aq) solution is 2.
What is molar concentration?The molar concentration of a solution is the presence of solute in one unit of a solution.
Molar concentration = number of moles / volume
The volume is given 0.250 m
To calculate the number of moles:
There will be 2 moles of potassium and 1 mole of sulfate in one L of the solution.
So in 0.250 L
0.250 x 2 x 1 = 0.500
The total number of moles of potassium and sulfate ion are 0.500
Now, putting the value:
Molar concentration = number of moles / volume
0.500 / 0.250 = 2
Thus, the molar concentration is 2.
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A piston-cylinder device contains helium gas, during a reversible, isothermal process the entropy of the helium will __________ increase.
A piston-cylinder device contains helium gas, during a reversible, isothermal process the entropy of the helium will sometimes increase.
As entropy of an ideal gas depends on pressure and temperature . Hence , entropy change during isothermal process if pressure changes . Enropy changes whenever there is a transfer of heat . The change in entropy is the heat added divided by the temperature at which the transfer took place .
A piston-cylinder is a moving device that is made tight by the piston rings. It moves inside in a cylinder in the form of liquid and later expands and then contracts.
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Consider the hypothetical atom x. if the molecular formula for calcium nitrate is ca(no3)2 and the formula of x chloride is xcl2. what is the molecular formula for x nitrate
X(N03)2
Given: Consider a hypothetical atom x
molecular formula of calcium nitrate = Ca(NO3)2
formula of x chloride is xcl2
molecular formula for x nitrate = ?
we are first putting calcium with chlorideon checking calcium on the periodic table we observe it in group 2so calcium has two plus chargewhereas chloride being a halogen it is observed in group 7it forms ion with one negative charge which would become CaCl2so if we have Ca(NO3)2 and see a Cl2 with our hypothetical atom x , if the formula of x with chloride as XCl2 then formula with the nitrate is going to be xthis will be similar to calcium because calcium is just like it when we look at calcium with chloridehence when x goes with nitrate it is going to look just like the formula for calcium nitratethis gives us the final answer to be X(NO3)2To learn more about molecular formula for hypothetical atom visit:
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Calculate the molar concentration of the acid if 50.6 ml of hydrochloric acid was required to neutralize 45.0 ml of 0.345 m aluminium hydroxide. be sure to use a balanced equation.
The molar concentration of the acid, HCl required for the reaction is 0.614 M
We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:
2HCl + Ca(OH)₂ —> CaCl₂ + 2H₂O
The mole ratio of the acid, HCl (nA) = 2
The mole ratio of the base, Ca(OH)₂ (nB) = 1
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Volume of acid, HCl (Va) = 50.6 mL
Volume of base, Ca(OH)₂ (Vb) = 45 mL
Molarity of base, Ca(OH)₂ (Mb) = 0.345 M
Molarity of acid, HCl (Ma) =?
MaVa / MbVb = nA/nB
(Ma × 50.6) / (0.345 × 45) = 2
(Ma × 50.6) / 15.525 = 2
Cross multiply
Ma × 50.6 = 15.525 × 2
Ma × 50.6 = 31.05
Divide both side by 50.6
Ma = 31.05 / 50.6
Ma = 0.614 M
Therefore, the molar concentration of the acid, HCl is 0.614 M
What is Molar Concentration?Molar concentration, also known as molarity, is most commonly expressed in moles of solute per litre of solution. It is defined in broader applications as the amount of solute substance per unit volume of solution or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase letters.
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Ulfuric acid is found in some types of batteries. What volume of 3.50 m h2so4 is required to prepare 250.0 ml of 1.25 m h2so4?
The volume sulfuric acid will be 89.3mL.
Volume will be determined by the molarity relation. The quantity of a substance in a specific volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a component per liter of a solution would be known as molarity. The molar concentration of any solution would be another name for molarity.
The volume can be calculated by using molarity formula:
[tex]M_{1} V_{1} = M_{2} V_{2}[/tex]
Given data:
[tex]M_{1}[/tex] = 3.50 m
[tex]M_{2}[/tex] = 1.25 m
[tex]V_{1}[/tex]= 250.0 ml
Put the value of given data in above formula:
[tex]M_{1} V_{1} = M_{2} V_{2}[/tex]
( 3.50 m) ( 250 mL) = ( 1.25 m) [tex]V_{2}[/tex]
[tex]V_{2}[/tex] = 89.3mL
Therefore, the volume sulfuric acid will be 89.3mL.
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PLEASE HELP , what is the concentration of Br, molecules in a solution containing 1.6g of bromine in 250cm of solution
The concentration of the bromine solution, given the data is 0.04 M
What is molarity?Molarity is defined as the mole of solute per unit litre of solution. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
Molarity = mole / Volume
How to determine the mole of bromine molecule (B₂)Mass of B₂ = 1.6 gMolar mass of bromine molecule (B₂) = 80 × 2 = 160 g/molMole of bromine molecule (B₂) = ?Mole = mass / molar mass
Mole of bromine molecule (B₂) = 1.6 / 160
Mole of bromine molecule (B₂) = 0.01 mole
How to determine the molarity of the bromine solutionMole of bromine molecule (B₂) = 0.01 moleVolume of solution = 250 cm³ = 250 / 1000 = 0.25 LMolarity bromine solution =?Molarity = mole / Volume
Molarity bromine solution = 0.01 / 0.25
Molarity bromine solution = 0.04 M
Thus, molarity of the bromine solution is 0.04 M
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An organic compound was analyzed and found to contain 70. 6% carbon, 5. 9% hydrogen, and 23. 5% oxygen by mass. Additionally, the molar mass of the compound was experimentally determined to be 136 g/mole. What is the molecular formula for the compound? how many grams of mgcl 2 would be required to prepare 250 ml of a 0. 8 m solution of that solute in water? please report your answer to two digits after the decimal place.
The correct answer is C8H8O2.
What is organic compound?Organic combinations are a substance that contains covalently- bonded carbon and hydrogen and often with other ingredients. Organic compounds examples are benzoic Acid, aromatic mixtures, benzoic aldehyde, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, malonic acid, amines, heterocyclic compounds, VOC, benzoic acid, and diethyl malonate.organic compound, any of a large class of chemical combinations in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most generally hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen. The few carbon-containing combinations not categorized as organic comprise carbides, carbonates, and cyanides.Organic compounds important to human functioning include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides. These mixtures are said to be organic because they include both carbon and hydrogen.To learn more about organic compound, refer to:
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25. 00 ml of a buffer solution contains 0. 500 m hclo and 0. 380 m naclo. if 50. 00 ml of water is added to the buffer, what are the new concentrations of hclo and naclo?
The new concentrations of [tex]HClO[/tex] and [tex]NaClO[/tex] are 0.25M and 19M
Calculation of number of moles of each component,
Molarity of [tex]HClO[/tex] = number of moles/volume in lit = 0. 500 M
Number of moles = molarity of [tex]HClO[/tex]× volume in lit = 0. 500 M× 0.025 L
Number of moles of [tex]HClO[/tex] = 0.0125 mole
Molarity of [tex]NaClO[/tex] = number of moles/volume in lit = 0. 38 M
Number of moles = molarity of [tex]NaClO[/tex] × volume in lit = 0. 38 M× 0.025 L
Number of moles of [tex]NaClO[/tex] = 0.95 mole
Calculation of new concentration at volume 50 ml ( 0.05L)
Molarity of [tex]HClO[/tex] = number of moles/volume in lit = 0.0125 mole/0.05L
Molarity of [tex]HClO[/tex] = 0.25M
Molarity of [tex]NaClO[/tex] = number of moles/volume in lit = 0.95mole/0.05L
Molarity of [tex]NaClO[/tex] = 19 M
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A solution has a poh of 7. 1 at 10∘c. what is the ph of the solution given that kw=2. 93×10−15 at this temperature? remember to report your answer with the correct number of significant figures
A solution has a pOH of 7. 1 at 10∘c. Then the pH of the solution given that kw=2. 93×10−15 at this temperature is 7.4 .
It is given that,
pOH of solution = 7.1
Kw =2.93×10^(-15)
Firstly, we will calculate the value of pKw
The expression which we used to calculate the pKw is,
pKw=-log [Kw]
Now by putting the value of Kw in this expression,
pKw =−log{2.93×10^(-15)}
pKw =15log(2.93)
pKw=14.5
Now we have to calculate the pH of the solution.
As we know that,
pH+pOH=pKw
Now put all the given values in this formula,
pH+7.1=14.5
pH=7.4
Therefore, we find the value of pH of the solution is, 7.4.
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2C6H6(g) + 15O2(g) = 12CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
2.0 moles C6H6 reacts with oxygen according to the reaction above. What volume of water vapor forms at STP?
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry and STP conditions, Finally, a volume of H₂O of 134.4 L will be formed at STP.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
2 C₆H₆ + 15 O₂ → 12 CO₂ + 6 H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry, the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
C₆H₆: 2 molesO₂: 15 molesCO₂: 12 molesH₂O: 6 molesSTP conditionsStandard pressure and temperature conditions are a set of standard pressure and temperature conditions for laboratory experimental measurements that are established to allow comparisons between different sets of measured data.
Pressure values at 1 atmosphere and temperature at 0 ° C are used and are reference values for gases. And in these conditions 1 mole of any gas occupies an approximate volume of 22.4 liters.
Volume of H₂O formedBy reaction stoichiometry 2 moles of C₆H₆ form 6 moles of water or H₂O.
Now, you can apply the following rule of three: if by definition of STP conditions 1 mole of H₂O occupies a volume of 22.4 liters, 6 moles occupies how much volume?
volume= (6 moles× 22.4 L) ÷ 1 mole
volume= 134.4 L
Finally, 134.4 L of H₂O will be formed.
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Heat is added to 1. 81 kg of ice at -19 °c. how many kilocalories are required to change the ice to steam at 152 °c?
Answer:
1363.2 kilocalories
Explanation:
Heat up the ice ==> melt the ice to water ==> heat the water ==> vaporize the water to steam ==> heat the stem 52 degrees to 152
1.81 kg * (spec heat of ice * 19 +* heat of fusion of water + specific heat of water *100 + heat of vaporization of water + specific heat of steam* 52)
1810 g * ( .50 cal/g -C * 19 C + 79.7 cal / g + 1 cal/g-C *100C + 539 cal/g + .48 cal/g * 52 C ) = 1 363 219.6 calories
(check my math)
In 2021 the James Webb Telescope will begin operation focusing on infrared wavelengths and must be kept extremely _______.
In 2021 the James Webb Telescope will begin operation focusing on infrared wavelengths and must be kept extremely cold.
What is James Webb Telescope?The James Webb Telescope is the most important optical telescope present in space, which is employed by astronomers to observe celestial bodies and physical phenomena in the universe.
This space telescope (James Webb Telescope) is based on the infrared wavelengths that cover a specific length of 0.57 to 28-micrometer waves and enable to observe different spectra across the Universe.
In conclusion, in 2021 the James Webb Telescope will begin operation focusing on infrared wavelengths and must be kept extremely cold.
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One metal object is a cube with edges 3.00 cm and a mass of 140.4 g. a second is a sphere with a radius of 1.42 cm and a mass of 61.6 g. are these objects made of the same metal?
Yes, the objects made of the same metal.
The volume of the first object, which is a cube, is equal to the edge length cubed.
This volume is converted to mL as follows:
V1 = [tex](3 cm)^{3}[/tex] = 27 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex] = 27 mL
Based on its given mass, the density will be:
d1 = m1/V1
= 140.4g/ 27.0 mL
= 5.20g/mL
The following thing is a sphere. We calculate the volume of a sphere using the following formula, with the result expressed in mL:
V1 = 4/3 *[tex]\pi[/tex]* [tex](1.42)^{2}[/tex]
= 12 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]
= 12 mL
The density based on the following mass will be
d2= m2/V2
= 61.6 g/12.0 mL
= 5.14 g/mL
These two computed densities are separated by about 1%. We can determine that these objects are made of the same metal based on the precision of +/- 1% provided.
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What is the molar solubility of CAF2in pure water at 25°c?
Answer:
1.7x10g per 100cc
Explanation:
The solubility product of Caf, at 25 °C is about X x 10-11 mol/L.
Consider the following balanced equation: 4ZnS + 6O2 Image 4ZnO + 4SO2
Determine the number of moles of zinc oxide produced when 2.5 mol of zinc sulfide is combined with excess O2.
???
Answer:
2.5 moles ZnO
Explanation:
To find the amount of moles, you need to use a mole-to-mole ratio between ZnS and ZnO. The mole-to-mole is made up of the coefficients in the balanced equation.
4 ZnS + 6 O₂ -----> 4 ZnO + 4 SO₂
2.5 moles ZnS 4 moles ZnO
----------------------- x ----------------------- = 2.5 moles ZnO
4 moles ZnS
**While the chemical equation is technically balanced, it does not exist in the smallest mole ratio as possible. Each coefficient can be divided by 2.**
2 ZnS + 3 O₂ -----> 2 ZnO + 2 SO₂
g. Hot water at 100 °C is added to 300 g of water at 0 °C until the final temperature is 40 °C. Find the mass of the hot water added. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 Jkg-¹°C¹.
Answer:
000
Explanation:
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The major product expected from the sequential reaction of cyclopentene with br2/h2o, followed by sodium hydroxide is:
The major product expected from the sequential reaction of cyclopentene with [tex]Br_{2} /H_{2} O[/tex] , followed by sodium hydroxide is cyclopentene epoxide.
The treatment of cyclopentene with [tex]Br_{2} /H_{2} O[/tex] which is known as bromine water is an electrophilic substitution reaction.
In the first step the bromine molecule and the water molecule reacts each other and leads to formation of the bromohydrines . After that bromohydrines will break and we get halide anion i.e., bromine anion because bromine is more electronegativity and hydrin as a cation.
The cyclopentene will react with bromohydrin to give trans-2-bromopententanol and after reaction with base it give cyclopentane epoxide .
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Consider a 100-gram sample of radioactive cobalt-60.
How much time will it take before half the sample has decayed?
It will take 5.2 years to decay.
The half life of cobalt-60 is 5.2 years. The half life is the time taken for the mass of the substance to decrease by a half.
here, the amount of remaining substance is 50%,
so, [tex](\frac{1}{2} )^{n} = 0.5[/tex]
n. log (0.5) = log (0.5)
n = 1
So it would take 1 half lives to decay this much, which is 1 x 5.2 which is 5.2 years.
what do you mean by radioactive decay ?
The process through which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy via radiation is known as radioactive decay, also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration. A material that has unstable nuclei is considered as radioactive.
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Calculate how many moles of nh3 form when each quantity of reactant completely reacts?
3.6 moles [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] required when each quantity of reactant completely reacts.
The ratio of the mole quantities of any two compounds present in a balanced chemical reaction is known as the mole ratio. A reaction's product yield can be predicted using mole ratios, as can the amount of reactant required to produce a specific amount of result.
The balanced chemical equation is :
[tex]3N_{2} H_{4}[/tex](l) → [tex]4NH_{3}[/tex](g) + [tex]N_{2}[/tex](g)
Given is = 2.6 mol [tex]N_{2} H_{4}[/tex]
As we see, 3 moles of [tex]N_{2} H_{4}[/tex] reacts with 4 moles of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex].
Therefore,
n( [tex]NH_{3}[/tex]) = n( [tex]N_{2} H_{4}[/tex] ) × [tex]\frac{4}{3}[/tex]
n( [tex]NH_{3}[/tex]) = [tex]2.6mol^{*} \frac{4mol}{3mol}[/tex]
n( [tex]NH_{3}[/tex]) = 3.6 moles.
Therefores, 3.6 moles [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] required when each quantity of reactant completely reacts.
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What is the infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, into the rectum?
Infusion of radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, into the rectum is technique used in barium enema.
What is barium enema?Barium enema is technique used for the detection of abnormalities or changes in the large intestine colon via X- rays. The exam is indicated for investigation of
megacolonchronic constigation bleeding in stools Inflammatory bowel diseases.Thus, from above we concluded that the silhouette of the colon. This type of diagnosis is used in the case of adnormal pain, rectal bleeding chronic diarrhea.
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How does ion exchange work? Why does it remove calcium ions (ca2+ ) and magnesium ions (mg2+ ) from hard water?
By exchanging them with sodium (or potassium) ions, cation exchange water softeners eliminate the calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water.
Ion exchange in water:
Ion exchange is the reversible exchange of ions, or charged particles, with other ions that have a similar charge. This happens when ions with a comparable charge that are present in the surrounding solution effectively switch places with ions that are located on an insoluble IX resin matrix.
The ion exchange procedure eliminates the water's enduring hardness. Hardness is eliminated in this technique through the use of resins. Cl- and anion exchange resin are used to exchange Ca++/Mg++ ions and SO4-2 ions (RNH2OH). The ion exchange procedure totally removes all of the total dissolved solids.
In ion exchange, calcium and magnesium, which are hardness ions, are removed and replaced with non-hardness ions, usually sodium, which is provided by dissolved sodium chloride salt, or brine.
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Dentify the reagents used to carry out the chlorination of benzene. a. cl2/ccl4 b. cl2/fecl3 c. cl2/nacl d. both b and c e. a, b and c
The reagents which are used to carry out the chlorination of benzene are cl2/fecl3 and cl2/nacl
Chlorination is the process of disinfecting drinking water by introducing chlorine to eradicate viruses, germs, and parasites. To get drinking water with safe levels of chlorine, various techniques can be utilized. Chlorination is the technique of disinfecting and eradicating bacteria from drinking water by adding chlorine to it.
To get drinking water with safe levels of chlorine, various techniques can be utilized. Chlorine can be found as solid calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2), sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl), or compressed elemental gas. Chlorine is added to water as part of the chlorination process, however the chlorinating substance need not be pure chlorine.
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