Which pair of reactants will undergo aldol condensation to produce methylvinyl ketone?

Answer:

1/2     ( the two answers given are not FRACTIONS)

Explanation:

Moles of  CH3OH   = 128 gm / 32 gm / mole   = 4 moles

Moles of water   72 gm / 18 gm /mole = 4

Mole fraction of CH3OH  =   4 / ( 4+4) = 4/8 = 1/2  

When the equation __[tex]NO_{2}[/tex] __[tex]H_{2} O[/tex] __[tex]O_{2}[/tex] → __[tex]HNO_{3}[/tex] is balanced, the coefficient of hno3 is 4.

An expression for a chemical reaction would be referred to as balanced if both the reactants as well as the products have an identical number of atoms with a total charge for each component of the reaction. In other words, two sides of the reaction have equal amounts of mass as well as charge.

The given unbalanced equation is  __[tex]NO_{2}[/tex] __[tex]H_{2} O[/tex] __[tex]O_{2}[/tex] → __[tex]HNO_{3}[/tex] .

It can be seen that the count of hydrogen in reactant side 2 on the other hand the count of hydrogen atom is 1.

By multiplying by 4 as the coefficient of  and [tex]NO_{2}[/tex]  and by 2 as the coefficient of water then equation will be balanced.

The balanced chemical equation will be expressed as:

4 [tex]NO_{2}[/tex]  + 2[tex]H_{2} O[/tex]  +[tex]O_{2}[/tex] → 4[tex]HNO_{3}[/tex] .

Therefore, when the equation __[tex]NO_{2}[/tex] __[tex]H_{2} O[/tex] __[tex]O_{2}[/tex] → __[tex]HNO_{3}[/tex] is balanced, the coefficient of hno3 is 4.

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448 K is the final temperature of the water.

The specific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat (J) absorbed per unit mass (kg) of the material when its temperature increases by 1 K (or 1 °C), and its units are J/(kg K) or J/(kg °C).

Given,

the mass of Na is 23 g

The volume of water = 293 cm3

Mass of water = 293 g

Total solution mass = 23 g + 293 g = 316 g

Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J/Kg

The equation relating mass, heat, specific heat capacity and temperature change is:

q = mcΔT

197 kJ = 316 g x 4.18 J/Kg x ([tex]T_{finals} - T_ {initial}[/tex])

197 kJ = 316 g x 4.18 J/Kg x ( [tex]T_{finals}[/tex]-298 K)

0.1491429956 x 1000 =  [tex]T_{finals}[/tex]-298 K

149.1429956 + 298 = [tex]T_{finals}[/tex]

447.1429956 = [tex]T_{finals}[/tex]

448 K = [tex]T_{finals}[/tex]

Hence, 448 K is the final temperature of the water.

A high specific heat capacity means that it can store a large amount of thermal energy for a small change in mass or temperature.

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In the given reaction, Ag is acting as Lewis acid. the given statement is true.

A Lewis acid is a chemical substance with an empty orbital that can accept an electron pair from the a Lewis base to establish a Lewis adduct.

Because the silver atom has an open valence shell, AgCl is a Lewis acid. Lewis acid is an atom, ion, or molecule with an incomplete electron octet.

Even though Ag+ can accept an electron pair, it acts as a Lewis acid. It will then combine with chlorine and form AgCl.

Thus, the given statement is true.

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The formal charge in the central metal atom Nitrogen atom is O.

           Structure      O=N=f    formal charge on N = 0

Formal charge in a Lewis shape, for every atom, you need to count how many electrons. count number all of its lone pair electrons, and 1/2 of its bonding electrons. The difference among the atom's range of valence electrons and the range it owns is the formal rate

Nitrosyl fluoride is used as a solvent and as a fluorinating and nitrating agent in natural synthesis. It has additionally been proposed as an oxidizer in rocket propellants.

The guideline or method for assigning formal rate to atoms in Lewis systems is the subsequent: Formal fee = number of valence electrons - variety of lone-pair electrons + 1/2 range of bonding electrons.

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The equation for the formation of ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetic acid will be [tex]CH_{3} COOH (l) + C_{2} H_{5} OH(l)[/tex] ⇔ [tex]CH_{3} COOC_{2}H_{5} (aq) + H_{2}O (l)[/tex].

When ethanol reacts with acetic acid then it will form ethyl acetate.

Ethyl acetate was created through the esterification reaction between acetic acid and ethanol because once sulphuric acid would be present. Esterification is just the process by which a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to create an ester.

In a chemical process known as acetoacetic ester synthesis, ethyl acetoacetate would be alkylated at the -carbon between both carbonyl groups before being transformed into a ketone, or more precisely, acetone with a -substituted carbon.

Therefore, the equation for the formation of ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetic acid will be [tex]CH_{3} COOH (l) + C_{2} H_{5} OH(l)[/tex] ⇔ [tex]CH_{3} COOC_{2}H_{5} (aq) + H_{2}O (l)[/tex].

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The set of reaction conditions would favor a sn2 reaction on 2-bromo-3-methylbutane is a strong nucleophile in an aprotic solvent. The correct option is D.

It is a type of nucleophilic substitution reaction. This mechanism is common in organic chemistry. In these reactions, one bond is break and one bond is formed simultaneously.

The sn2 is a nucleophile reaction, and it is a strong nucleophile. This type of reaction, will occur in the compounds in which there is one alkyl halide group and a good leaving group.

In 2-bromo-3-methylbutane, there is a bromine and methyl group both, so the favor would be a strong nucleophile in an aprotic solvent.

Thus, the correct option is D) strong nucleophile in an aprotic solvent.

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The question is incomplete. Your complete question is given below:

A) weak nucleophile in a protic solvent

B) weak nucleophile in an aprotic solvent

C) strong nucleophile in a protic solvent

D) strong nucleophile in an aprotic solvent

E) none of the above

Answer:

C₃H₈ has a higher boiling point than C₂H₆

Explanation:

The boiling point is the temperature at which the intermolecular forces between molecules are overcome and the state of the substance changes from liquid to gas.

Since these are both hydrocarbons (molecules containing just carbon and hydrogen), the strength of their intermolecular bonds should be the same. However, since C₃H₈ is larger, it can form more of these intermolecular bonds. Thus, it takes more energy and a higher temperature to overcome the increased amount of forces.

Dsm-5 includes gambling disorder as an addictive disorder, along with substance use disorders. This change is considered important because it suggest that people may become addicted to behavior net just substance.

Gambling disorder which involve repeated, problem gambling behavior. The behavior leads to problem for the individual families, and society.

The emotional and physical sign of gambling disorder are:

Gambling disorder make another kind of addiction that an individual uses to be able to deal with the situation. Start using the drugs alcohol to reduce the feeling of anxiety.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Dsm-5 includes gambling disorder as an addictive disorder, along with substance use disorders. This change is considered important because it suggest that people may become addicted to behavior net just substance.

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Answer:

An amide.

Explanation:

Amides are functional groups, in which a carbonyl atom is linked by a single bond to a nitrogen atom and either a hydrogen or a carbon atom. These defining traits single this functional group out as an amide.

Answer:

525 mmHg

Explanation:

If all other variables are held constant, you can find the pressure using Boyle's Law. The equation looks like this:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

In this equation, "P₁" and "V₁" represent the initial pressure and volume. "P₂" and "V₂" represent the final pressure and volume. You can plug the given values into the equation and simplify to find "P₂".

P₁ = 709 mmHg                      P₂ = ? mmHg

V₁ = 3.97 L                              V₂ = 5.36 L

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂                                                         <----- Boyle's Law

(709 mmHg)(3.97 L) = P₂(5.36 L)                      <----- Insert values

2814.73 = P₂(5.36 L)                                          <----- Simplify left side

525 = P₂                                                            <----- Divide both sides by 5.36

A substance moving from an area of high concentration to an area in which it has a low concentration is moving btween two concentration gradient.

Diffusion can simply be defined as the movement of substances from a region of a high concentration to a region of lower concentration.

It is also the movement of substances from a region of a strong solution to a region of weak solution.

So therefore, a substance moving from an area of high concentration to an area in which it has a low concentration is moving btween two concentration gradient.

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Answer:

Mg+2HCL-Magnesium Chloride +Hygrogen

[tex] > [/tex]

Explanation:

N.O of moles=Mass\Molar Mass

192÷24=8

1:1

8×2=16

[tex]\huge\underline{\underline{\boxed{\mathbb {SOLUTION:}}}}[/tex]

[tex]\longrightarrow \sf{Mg+2HCI \Longrightarrow MgCl_2+H_2}[/tex]

[tex]\longrightarrow \sf{molMg=129gMg \times \dfrac{1molMg}{24.305gMg=} }[/tex]

[tex]\small \sf{\longrightarrow molH_2=7.90molMg \times \dfrac{1molH_2}{1molMg}= 7.90molH_2 }[/tex]

[tex]\small \sf{\longrightarrow massH_2=7.90H_2 \times \dfrac{2.016g}{1molH_2}= 7.90molH_2= 15.9 \: gH_2}[/tex]

[tex]\huge\underline{\underline{\boxed{\mathbb {ANSWER:}}}}[/tex]

[tex] \small\bm{ The \: mass \: of \:H_2 \: produce \: will \: be \: 15.9 }[/tex] [tex]\bm{grams.}[/tex]

Answer:

pKb = 5

Explanation:

To find the pKb, you need to (1) calculate the pka (using the pKa equation) and then (2) calculate the pKb (using the relationship between the pKa and pKb).

(Step 1)

pKa = -log (Ka)

pKa = -log (1 x 10⁻⁹)

pKa = 9

(Step 2)

pKa + pKb = 14

9 + pKb = 14

pKb = 5

Answer:

5.12 atm

Explanation:

Before you can use the Ideal Gas Law to find the pressure, you need to convert grams to moles (via molar mass).

Molar Mass (H₂): 2(1.008 g/mol)

Molar Mass (H₂): 2.016 g/mol

 1.8 grams H₂               1 mole
----------------------  x  ----------------------  =  0.893 moles H₂
                                 2.016 grams

The Ideal Gas Law equation looks like this:

PV = nRT

In this equation,

-----> P = pressure (atm)

-----> V = volume (L)

-----> n = moles

-----> R = Ideal Gas Constant (0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)

-----> T = temperature (K)

After converting Celsius to Kelvin, you can plug the given values into the equation and simplify to find the pressure.

P = ? atm                                R = 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K

V = 4.3 L                                T = 27 °C + 273.15 = 300.15 K

n = 0.893 moles

PV = nRT

P(4.3 L) = (0.893 moles)(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(300.15 K)

P(4.3 L) = 22.0021

P = 5.12 atm

**Based on my past experiences, I believe the constant (R) you provided may have been mistyped. Instead of 0.821, I used 0.0821.**

Mass percentages of the the elements in the compound is the only additional information needed to calculate the empirical formula of a compound if the masses of each element of the compound are provided.

The Empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in given compound.

Molecular Formula = Empirical Formula × n

n =  [tex]\frac{\text{Molar Mass}}{\text{Empirical Formula weight}}[/tex]

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Mass percentages of the the elements in the compound is the only additional information needed to calculate the empirical formula of a compound if the masses of each element of the compound are provided.

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The Celsius temperature of 100. 0 g of chlorine gas is 227.65 C.

Temperature is the measurement of the hotness or coldness of a body or substance or place.

Given, that the pressure is P = 800 mm Hg

Converted into pascals  1.066 X 10^5 Pa

The Volume is V = 55 l

Converted into meter cube 0.055 m^3

The number of moles of Cl2 gas will be calculated

weight / molecular weight  

100.0 / 71 = 1.408

From the ideal gas equation

PV = nRT

T = PV/RT

where R = universal gas constant = 8.314 J /mol K

Putting the values in the equation:

[tex]T = \dfrac{1.006 \times 10^-5 \times 0.055}{1.408 \times 8.314 } = 500.8 K.[/tex]

T is temperature = 500.8 K

The Celsius temperature is 500.8 K = 227.65 C

Thus, the temperature in Celsius is 227.65 C.

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The main problem is the release of heat and thereby reducing yield of Ammonia.

Chemical equilibrium is defined as the state of a reversible chemical reaction where there is no change in net amount of products and reactants involved in it.

What is an exothermic reaction?

Exothermic reaction is one of the chemical reactions that will produces heat during the formation of products.

At the chemical equilibrium, the chemical reaction will be as follows:

[tex]N_{2}[/tex] + 3[tex]H_{2}[/tex] → 2[tex]NH_{3}[/tex] + energy

The above chemical equilibrium equation indicates that energy will be released due to the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen. The energy release increases the surrounding temperature and thereby it will reduce the yield of the ammonia. Thus it can be indicated as the major problem.

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The original molarity of an aqueous solution of ammonia whose pH is 11. 02 at 25°C is 0.556 M

Calculation ,

Given : pH = 11.5

[tex][H^{+} ][/tex] = [tex]10^{-11.5}[/tex]

[tex][OH^{-} ][/tex] = [tex]K_{w} /[H^{+} ][/tex] = [tex]10^{-14}[/tex]/  [tex]10^{-11.5}[/tex] = [tex]10^{-2.5}[/tex] M

Kb = [tex][NH_{4}^{+} ][OH^{-} ]/[NH_{4} OH][/tex] = [tex](10^{-2.5})^{2} /C[/tex] = 1.8×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex] M

C = 1/1.8 = 0.566 M

So, molarity of an aqueous solution of ammonia is 0.566 M

pH ia a measure of hydrogen ion concentration , a measure of acidity or alkalinity of the solution .pH scale usually range from 0 to 14 Aqueous solutions at 25°C witha pH less rhan 7 are acidic  , whereas , those with pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. pOH ia a measure of hydroxide ion concentration , a measure of  alkalinity of the solution .

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The primary sources of acidity in acid rain are the gases SO[tex]_{2}[/tex] and NO[tex]_{x}[/tex] So, the correct option is (c) SO[tex]_{2}[/tex] and NO[tex]_{x}[/tex]

A chemical process that starts when gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are discharged into the atmosphere leads to acid rain. These substances have the ability to ascend very far into the sky, where they combine and react with oxygen, water, and other chemicals to produce acid rain, an additional form of acidic pollution.

Acidic particles corrode metal and hasten the deterioration of paint and stone. Power plants are the primary sources of SO[tex]_{2}[/tex] . Burning fossil fuels produces nitrogen dioxide (like gasoline). Cars, lorries, and power plants are the biggest producers of NO[tex]_{2}[/tex].

Therefore, The primary sources of the acidity in acid rain are the gases SO[tex]_{2}[/tex] and NO[tex]_{x}[/tex].So, the correct option is (c) SO[tex]_{2}[/tex] and NO[tex]_{x}[/tex]

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Represents a contraindication to the administration of nitroglycerin increased intracranial pressure

Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that is primarily used to treat anginal chest discomfort. It is now licensed by the FDA for the acute alleviation of an attack or the acute prevention of angina pectoris caused by coronary artery disease.

Nitroglycerin is used to treat coronary artery disease-related angina (chest pain). This medication can also be used to treat an existing angina attack. Nitroglycerin is a common treatment for heart problems. It's the go-to medication for people suffering from angina pectoris, who take it as a sublingual tablet or an oral spray.

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Answer:

Fe(CN)₂,  FeCO₃,  Pb(CN)₄,  Pb(CO₃)₂

Explanation:

Cations (positively charged ions) can only form ionic bonds with anions (negatively charged ions). However, you can't just simply put one cation and one anion together to form a compound. Each compound needs to been neutral, or have an overall charge of 0. When cations and anions do not have charges that perfectly cancel, you need to modify the amount of each ion in the compound.

1.) Fe(CN)₂
-----> Fe²⁺ and CN⁻

-----> +2 + (-1) + (-1) = 0

2.) FeCO₃

-----> Fe²⁺ and CO₃²⁻

-----> +2 + (-2) = 0

3.)  Pb(CN)₄

-----> Pb⁴⁺ and CN⁻

-----> +4 + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = 0

4.) Pb(CO₃)₂

-----> Pb⁴⁺ and CO₃²⁻

-----> +4 +(-2) + (-2) = 0

The grams of silver formed by the passage of 9,604 c through an electrolytic cell that contains a molten silver salt is 10.7g.

Acc. Faraday’s law of electrolysis,

W=(I×t×M) /nF

W=Faraday’s constant=96500

F=time M=molar mass

N=no. Of el.

It=9604C

Given,

Molar mass of silver=108g/mol.

n=1.

Then weight of silver deposited can be given as

W=(9604×108)/(96500×1)

= 10.7g

Thus we concluded that the silver deposited is 10.7g

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A conjugate acid is given by the acid-base theory of Bronsted–Lowry. The conjugate acid of a weak base, trimethylamine is ((CH₃)₃NH⁺) trimethylammonium ion.

A conjugate acid is a compound that has been formed when a base accepts the hydrogen or the proton ion from an acid. It can also be said that a hydrogen ion is added to a base.

The conjugate acid differs from the base by the addition of one proton ion to it. The reaction of a weak base, trimethylamine can be shown as,

(CH₃)₃N(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq) ⇌ (CH₃)₃NH⁺(aq) + H₂O(l)

Here, the trimethylamine compound has accepted a proton from hydronium to produce a conjugate acid, trimethylammonium cation, (CH₃)₃NH⁺.

Therefore, trimethylammonium (CH₃)₃NH⁺ is the conjugate acid of trimethylamine.

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In the reaction [tex]HC _{2} H_{3} O_{2} + H_{2}O[/tex]----->[tex]C _{2} H_{3} O_{2}^{-} + H_{3}O^{+}[/tex] , [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] substance is Bronsted -Lowery base.

According to Bronsted-Lowry an acid is a chemical species that is capable of yielding protons and a Bronsted-Lowry base is a chemical species capable of accepting protons .

The Bronsted -Lowery base is any species that can accepts a proton from another molecule . In short Bronsted -Lowery base is proton acceptor ( PA ) and  Bronsted -Lowery acid is proton donor ( PD ).

In  given reaction , water molecule accept proton from acid . Therfore , it is  Bronsted -Lowery base .

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CH3OH doesn't form ions in an aqueous solution.

Water and one or more dissolved substances make up aqueous solutions. In an aqueous solution, solids, gases, or other liquids may dissolve. Examples of watery solutions include coke, seawater, rain, acid, base, and salt solutions. A solution that is not an aqueous solution is any liquid that does not contain water.

Solutions that contain water as the solvent are known as aqueous solutions. Water is a great solvent, but not everything will easily dissolve in it. The term "aqueous" in a chemical equation designates a material in water. For instance, adding sodium hydroxide solution to diluted hydrochloric acid results in the production of sodium chloride.

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If both ovaries are removed, then the individual is unable to produce ovules and experiences menopause.

The ovaries are two reproductive organs in women which act to generate germinal female cells known as ovules.

The absence of these organs (ovaries) leads to a stage known as menopause and the individual cannot produce sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

In conclusion, if both ovaries are removed, then the individual is unable to produce ovules and experiences menopause.

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The angle between the hydrogen atoms in water (h2o) is slightly less than expected for a tetrahedral shape. this is because of the extra electron repulsion from the lone pairs.

A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The three atoms make an angle; the H-O-H angle is approximately 104.5 degrees. The centre of each hydrogen atom is approximately 0.0957 nm from the centre of the oxygen atom.

In water, each hydrogen nucleus is covalently bound to the central oxygen atom by a pair of electrons that are shared between them. In H2O, only two of the six outer-shell electrons of oxygen are used for this purpose, leaving four electrons which are organized into two non-bonding pairs. The four electron pairs surrounding the oxygen tend to arrange themselves as far from each other as possible in order to minimize repulsions between these clouds of negative charge. This would ordinarily result in a tetrahedral geometry in which the angle between electron pairs (and therefore the H-O-H bond angle) is 109.5°. However, because the two non-bonding pairs remain closer to the oxygen atom, these exert a stronger repulsion against the two covalent bonding pairs, effectively pushing the two hydrogen atoms closer together. The result is a distorted tetrahedral arrangement in which the H—O—H angle is 104.5°.

About tetrahedral shape :

In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the ordinary convex polyhedra and the only one that has fewer than 5 faces.

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A more strong base is added until the equivalence point is reached. The ph of this solution at the equivalence point if the total volume is 57. 0 mill is 9.8

The potential of Hydrogen is what pH is formally known as. The negative logarithm of the concentration of H+ ions is known as pH. Thus, the definition of pH as the amount of hydrogen is provided. The hydrogen ion concentration in a solution is described by the pH scale, which also serves as a gauge for the solution's acidity or basicity.

The pH scale determines how acidic or basic water is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality. Acidity is indicated by pH values below 7, whereas baseness is shown by pH values above 7. In reality, pH is a measurement of the proportion of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in water.

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