Which process is speeded up by rubisco during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?.

6,000. The majority of the replicative polymerases' proofreading activity is in charge of removing incorrectly incorporated nucleotides from the primer terminus prior to further primer extension.

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The following is not a function of meiosis : b.)create genetic variability. Hence option c is correct.

Type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells is called meiosis. This process produces egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction.

Growth and division of cells occurs by mitosis and differentiation for specific cell types whereas genetic variations arise from mutations in which genetic material is rearranged as a cell gets ready to divide. Genetic variations that alter gene activity or protein function introduce different traits in an organism.

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Answer: Broad Base

Explanation:

Scientists make definite assumptions to maximize this aim of understanding natural world. It is presumed by scientists that:

A.       Through a organised study, nature can be understood.

B.       Revisions are something that scientific thoughts are open to.

C.       The test of time is something that shows scientific ideas withstand to.

Laws of nature are explained as scientific laws.

Nature is thought by scientists as a single system that is handled by natural laws. Scientists tries to extend their understanding of the natural world by discovering natural laws. Scientific laws are the result of laws of nature.

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Due to genetic variety brought on by meiosis

In meiosis I, crossover takes place during prophase I. It entails the exchange of genes across homologous non-sister chromatids, enabling the admixture of latest , recombinant chromosomes containing both mother and paternal genetic material.

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When dendrites receive a message from an axon and pass it down the neuron called as synapse

These chemicals are called as neurotransmitter and the process is called as neurotransmission and the space between the axon and the dendrites is called as synapse and when neuron communicate an electrical impulse trigger and release of neurotransmitter from the axon into the synapse and once a signals is received by the dendrites it then travels to the cell body and the cell body contain a specialized structure the axon hillock that integrates signals from multiple synapses and serves as junction between the cell body and an axon

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The cell membrane allows the solute to enter the cell which causes the cell to shrink is the statement that best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model.

The semipermeable cell membrane provides for the selective entry and exit of solutes, water, salts, and other substances. The concentration of the solute inside the cell was raised when it entered the cell membrane.

Water began to migrate outside of the cell membrane as the water gradient outside the cell wall diminished, which caused the cell to contract.

Cell membranes act as boundaries and checkpoints. Because of their semi-permeability, some molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer but not others. Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as small hydrophobic compounds, quickly traverse membranes.

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In this question about muscle cells and cells, the correct options are.

B.

c.

c.

a.

b.

c.

a.

d.

b.

d.

b.

Muscle tissue is formed by elongated cells with the ability to contract, which are called muscle fibers. These fibers have several contractile protein filaments, that is, with the ability to contract. Among them are actin and myosin filaments.

Muscle tissue is a tissue of mesodermal origin characterized by the presence of elongated cells, called muscle fibers or myocytes, with a cytoplasm rich in protein fibers, which give this tissue the ability to contract.

Among its main characteristics are:

Muscles represent 40% of body mass. Therefore, in many animals muscle tissue is the most abundant. Muscle tissue cells are elongated and are called muscle fibers or myocytes.

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The bacteria in the body feed on the tissue when an organism dies, releasing CO2 into the body is how you should explain to your friend as a forensic student.

Because the abdomen housed the stomach and several visceral organs, it looked to be larger. Because the dead deer was left where it was after being struck by a car for several hours or even days without anyone clearing it, it appeared to be much larger than usual when it was discovered. The internal organs of the dead deer also grew larger than usual as a result of the sun's heat heating them up.

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Question correction:

As you drive along the road, you and your friend notice a dead deer that apparently was struck by a car. Your friend comments that she has never see such a fat deer. As a student of forensic, how would you explain to your friend why the abdominal region of the dead deer was so large?

The statement "Complementary base pairing across the double helix allows information to be transferred via DNA replication." is true about the DNA double helix.

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During Telophase chromatids are stretched back out as chromatin

The fifth and final stage of mitosis, known as telophase, is the division of the duplicated genetic material contained in a parent cell's nucleus into two identical daughter cells. Once the duplicated, paired chromosomes have been moved to the cell's poles or opposing sides, or segregated, telophase has begun.

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Duplication is the chromosome mutation increases the amount of genetic material.

Duplication in the context of genomics refers to a type of mutation that produces one or more copies of a segment of DNA (which can be as small as a few bases to as large as a large chromosomal region). Duplication occurs in all organisms.

Duplications can arise from uneven crossovers that occur during meiosis between misaligned homologous chromosomes. The products of this recombination are duplications and mutual deletions at the exchange sites.

Chromosomal mutations are mutations involving long stretches of DNA. These mutations may include deletions, insertions, inversions, or translocations of DNA stretches or segments. In some cases, the deleted pieces attach to other chromosomes, destroying both the chromosome that lost the DNA and the one that gained it.

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Erosion and deposition occurs by slow flowing rivers creates broad floodplains and meanders.

Rivers and bourn deposit sediment where the speed of the water current decreases. In rivers, toppling occurs along the inside bank of the river bend. This "area" is where water flows slower while erosion happens along the outside bank of the bend, where the water flows a lot faster. Most river erosion happens close to the mouth of a river. On a river bend, the longest sharp side has slower moving water. Here deposits build up. On the narrowest sharpest side of the curve, there is faster-moving water so this side tends to crumble away mostly.

So we can conclude that land use and stream oversight can also trigger erosion responses.

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The x-axis indirectly shows the relative amount of DNA per cell. As the DNA was stained,  there is a relationship between fluorescence and DNA content.

The x-axis does not show the relative amount of DNA per cell directly. It can be seen through a special type of graph known as a histogram. If we look at it, peaks and dips can be seen as similar to fluorescence.

This indirectly shows the relative amount of DNA per cell. This confirms the relationship between the fluorescence and the relative amount of DNA in the cell.

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The answer for why all of the white-eyed flies are males is that a gene exists on the X chromosome.

A generation is the collective term for all individuals who were born and are still alive at around the same period. The average time frame, commonly regarded to be between twenty and thirty decades, in which children are born, grow up, becoming adults, and start having children is another way to put it.

The Silent Generation supported "working within the system," in contrast to the preceding generation, who had pushed for "changing the system." They achieved this by putting in long hours of work and gaining the reputation of being "quiet."

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Social sciences are the disciplines that study human social behavior or institutions and functions of human society in a scientific manner.

Social science is the field of study where the paragliding word concerned with occurrences created by humans and opposed to traditional sciences.

under this sciences anthropology, evolutionary psychology is often categorized fall under that same group.

It can  be used to involve  in engineering field as either a decision science or other specialty with a technical bent.

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Mitosis faithfully parcels out exact copies of this heritable information in the production of genetically identical daughter cells as The cell "replicates" its chromosomes by copying them.

Daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cells are produced through mitosis. The cell copies its chromosomes, or "replicates," and then divides them equally so that each daughter cell has a complete set.

Mitosis is a process by which more cells with the same genetic makeup as the parent cell. It is essential not only for the growth and development of our bodies but also for the development of embryos. Mitosis creates new cells and replaces old, lost, or damaged cells.

Each chromatid of a duplicated chromosome attaches to a microtubule on one of the mitotic spindles during mitosis. The chromatids are pulled toward the cell's poles during anaphase by mitotic spindles, resulting in two identical chromosomal sets at each pole.

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On the analysis of  the body structure of wild yak, we got that  dense and wooly coats, specially amended feet, horns to dig for food are the major reasons due to that wild yak able to survive in the alpine biome.

The alpine biome is one of coldest biomes on the planet, it is generally because of the high altitudes. The summer temperature varies  between -12 to 10 degree Celsius, and the average precipitation in  biome is about 30 cm in a year.  

The animals which lives in this region, adapt to the cold by simply migrating to warmer regions, hibernating, or insulating their bodies with the help of the fat and fur layers, their bodies seems to possess shorter tails, legs, and ears, in order to minimize the loss of heat.

Hence, the reason behind the wild yak able to survive in the alpine biome is  its  dense and wooly coats, specially amended feet, horns to dig for food.

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Cactus finches have longer beaks than medium ground finches, which is the physical difference between these two species that differs the most.

Taxonomy. Darwin's finches, a group of closely related birds that developed on the Galápagos Islands, includes the Espanola cactus finch. The Tiaras grassquits, which may be found in South America and the Caribbean, are linked to the group.

Due of low population sizes, there has been an inbreeding depression in the medium ground finch population. When fitness declines as a result of people mating with genetic relatives, it is known as inbreeding depression. Normal outcomes include a decrease in heterozygosity and a loss of genetic diversity.

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The dermis is composed largely of multiple choice question - stratified squamous epithelium.

There are three basic layers to the skin. The outer, avascular layer known as the epidermis is primarily made up of keratinocytes and keratinocyte remnants. The intermediate layer known as the dermis is home to the skin's blood vessels, nerves, and other supporting systems. Of the three layers, the hypodermis is the deepest.

Column-shaped cells are organized in numerous layers to form the uncommon epithelial tissue known as stratified columnar epithelium. It is located in the male urethra, anus, pharynx, and conjunctiva.

ciliated columnar epithelium that is stratified. The lining of the foetal oesophagus is an example of an epithelium with many layers, the deeper cells of which are polyhedral in shape, and the surface cells of which are columnar with motile cilia.

Type I collagen fibers are the major component of dense regular connective tissue. It can be found in the body's ligaments, tendons, and aponeuroses, which all need a lot of tensile strength. The collagen fibers are aligned parallel to one another and closely spaced together.

Stratified squamous epithelium: This kind of epithelium typically serves as a barrier against water loss and/or the invasion of germs into the underlying tissue. Your skin's epidermis, or top layer, is made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells.

A form of dense connective tissue called dense irregular connective tissue lacks parallel bundles of extracellular fibers, particularly collagen fibers (as opposed to the dense regular connective tissue whose collagen fibers are arranged in a parallel fashion).

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People who embrace racism use biological factors to justify inequalities between racial as well as ethnic groups.

A viewpoint that asserts that racial distinctions result in a specific race's inherent superiority and that race is the main factor influencing human characteristics and abilities. Racism is any form of prejudice based on characteristics such as race, body color, religion, culture, etc., according to the social studies discipline.

Racists frequently discriminate against individuals and blame their prejudice on biological characteristics, like their birth into a low-caste household. Racism seems to remain a constant in practically every civilization, despite the fact that many individuals throughout the world are battling against those who embrace it.

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A twitch occurs when one muscle fiber contracts in response to a command stimulus by the nervous system.

The time interval between the activation of a motor neuron and contraction of muscle is called the lag phase.  In the duration of lag phase an action potential travels to the end of motor neuron .

This action potential release of acetylcholine and depolarization of the motor end plate. Muscle twitch has three phase latent period, a contraction phase, and a relaxation phase. A classified muscle response allows alteration in muscle tension. Twitches and spasms can be warning signs which shows the nerves that control your muscles.

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The chollera photosynthesis system's water-filled translucent plastic tank. A water tank is placed in the path of the light to dissipate heat.

Through the polymerization and polycondensation process, mineral wealth like cellulose, coal, nat gas, salt, and petroleum products are used to create polymers. Plastics are created using natural, organic materials including cotton, coal, nat gas, salt, or, of course, crude oil.

A group of materials known as plastics can be moulded when they're soft and afterwards hardened to keep the intended shape. These materials may be created artificially or organically. Plastics are made of polymers. A polymer is a substance made up of several repeating units.

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In connection with the function of mitochondria as energy producers, these organelles are often found in cells that require high energy, such as heart cells that are always working all the time without rest and muscle cells that are actively contracting.

Protein is one of three types of macronutrients that the body needs. This nutrient consists of several chemical elements such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N). Other elements such as phosphorus and sulfur also sometimes take part in the process of protein formation. Protein can even help repair damaged cell tissue so that it can return to work optimally. Protein is also a nutrient found throughout the body including hair, muscles, bones and skin. In fact, 20% of the human body is made up of protein. Here are things you need to know about the function of protein for the body:

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Answer:

Large leaves have a large surface area, which would allow them to absorb more sunlight for photosynthesis. At the same time, a large surface area would allow for a large amount of water loss.

But large leaves can cope in hot, wet, tropical climates because they counteract the daytime heat-trapping effect using transpiration – something desert plants cannot do because they cannot afford to lose that much water.

The larger the leaves, the more surface from which moisture can be evaporated. If the environment tends to be dry, the life of the plant can be threatened by losing too much moisture - therefore, the reduction in leaf size.

Explanation:

it's more difficult for them to absorb heat at night, making them more susceptible to cold temperatures.

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Using the theories of genes, we find that gene flow is the example of discovery in which black wolves got their coat color from exchanging genes with dogs.

In biology, actually word gene can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is the  basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in the DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are basically two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes.

During the gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be  actually intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of the genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of the phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called the genotypes.

Hence, discovery by biologists that black wolves got their coat color from exchanging genes with dogs is an example of gene flow.

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A mutation that occurs in an organism that reproduces sexually will most likely affect the traits of the offspring if the mutation​ alters the DNA in a gamete of a parent.

Any cell's DNA can be altered by other genetic flaws, ultraviolet radiation, environmental exposure to specific chemicals, replication errors, and other genetic insults.

It is possible for an organism's progeny to inherit a mutation if it develops in a germ-line cell (a cell that will develop into gametes, such as egg or sperm) or in a cell that will produce them. Accordingly, the mutation will exist in each and every cell of the growing embryo.

Somatic mutations differ from germ-line mutations in that they take place in cells from different parts of an organism's body.

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