Only by measuring the separation between the nuclei of two contacting atoms and halving that distance can one determine the radius of an atom. The illustrations show how the environment around an atom can cause it to have a varied radius, even if it is the same atom.
How can the atomic size of an element be determined?By measuring the distance between the two atoms after two are united, we may determine the atomic size of the new molecule. The third technique for determining an element's atomic size is to create a single covalent link between two atoms and measure the space between them.
Atomic radii in the periodic table change from left to right across a row and from top to bottom along a column. Because of these two patterns, the periodic table's bottom left corner contains the biggest atoms, while the upper right corner has the smallest.
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how do different variables affect the rate of dissolving?
Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution
The primary variables influencing dissolution rate are:
Temperature
Movement of the surface
Solvation and Temperature
What is dissolving/ dissolution ?
When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, solutions are created. Using the equation: we can think of this as a reaction.
When moving from reactants to products, dissolution takes place. Dissolution is the opposite of crystallization. When the solute dissolving is not favored, crystallization takes place. Dissolution is supported under certain circumstances more or less than others. When the balance between the products and the reactants is reached, a solution is saturated.
Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution
The primary variables influencing dissolution rate are:
Temperature
Movement of the surface
Solvation and Temperature
Increasing the temperature will speed up the dissolving process for solid solutes. The solute particles move more and approach the solvent molecules as heat is introduced. This aids in the solid dissolving in a liquid more quickly.
Increased temperature reduces solvation for gases. The molecules move more quickly as the gas accumulates energy. This reduces the solvation rate and makes it more difficult for the gas to stay solvated.
Surface analysis and solution
The solvation rate of a solid in a liquid rises as more of the solid's surface comes into contact with the liquid. In doing so, the interaction between the solute and solvent.
Sugar cubes versus loose sugar is a good illustration. When two types of sugar are combined with water, the loose sugar will dissolve more quickly. Each sugar crystal has the ability to communicate with the water. The sugar crystals in the centre of the sugar cube won't come into touch with the water until the ones on the outside dissolve.
Moving and Solving
Solvation will happen more quickly if a solute/solvent mixture is stirred or moved. The solute and solvent come into greater contact as a result.
Most likely, you have already used this to mix a hot beverage. String facilitates solvation when a solid, such as sugar or hot cocoa powder, is added to hot water. Without stirring, solid stiff clumps form that inhibit.
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which statement regarding the acid-base characteristics of the 20 common amino acids is false?a.they can act as buffers.b.each has three pka values.c.they generally exist as zwitterions at physiological ph.d.they have a characteristic isoelectric point.
The correct answer is
Option C.
they generally exist as zwitterions at physiological ph.
What is zwitterions ?
A zwitterion, also known as an inner salt or a dipolar ion, is a molecule that has an equal number of positively and negatively charged functional groups. The word "zwitterion" comes from the German word "hermaphrodite" (tsvt). [2] A chemical equilibrium will be created between the "parent" molecule and the zwitterion in a solution of amino acids, for instance.
Because the positive charge is on a quaternary ammonium group, betaines are zwitterions that cannot isomerize to an all-neutral form. A molecule with both a carboxylate group and a phosphonium group cannot isomerize, either.
The amino acid is the basic building block of proteins, consisting of a carboxyl, an amino, and a variable R-group. The R-group in amino acids is what makes them unique. The condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid results in the formation of a peptide bond between the two amino acids.
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The graph below shows a reaction profile for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.
What do the labels W, X, Y and Z represent?
W is reactants , Z is products ,X is activation energy and Y is overall energy change.
Why is activation energy significant and what does it entail?The least amount of energy necessary to start a reaction is called activation energy. We need to first consider how a chemical reaction happens in order to comprehend activation energy. Even if they haven't tied it to chemistry, everybody who has ever lighted a fire will have an instinctive grasp of the procedure.
The temperature at which a reaction is carried out affects its pace. The molecules travel more quickly and clash more frequently as the temperature rises.
Molecules become more energetic and move more quickly as the temperature rises. Therefore, the likelihood that molecules will be travelling with the required activation energy for a reaction to occur upon impact increases with increasing temperature.
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f two balls have the same volume, but ball A has twice as much mass as ball B, which one will have the greater density? If ball C is 3 times the volume of ball D and ball D has 1/3 the mass of ball C, which has the greater density? If two balls have the same mass, but ball P is twice as large as ball Q, which one will have the greater density? If ball X is twice as big as ball Y and weighs only half as much as ball Y, then which one will have the greater density?
A. Ball A will have greater density than B
B. Their densities are equal
C. Ball Q will have greater density
D. Ball Y will have greater density
Density is defined as amount or mass of substances are present in a unit volume called as density and the formula for density is
D = m/V
A. If m₁, v₁ and d₁ are the mass volume and density of the ball A then m₁, v₂ and d₂ are the mass volume and density of the ball B
It is given that v₁ = v₂ but m₁ = 2m₂
Then applying the density formula
D₁/D₂ = m₁v₁×m₂v₂ = 2m₂/v₂×v₂/m₂ = 2
But the density of ball A is twice that of B
So, the ball A have greater density than B
B. If m₁, v₁ and d₁ are the mass volume and density of the ball C then m₁, v₂ and d₂ are the mass volume and density of the ball D
V₁ = 3V₂ and m₂ = 1/3m₁ means m₁ = 3m₂
Then
D₁/D₂ = m₁/v₁×m₂/v₂ = 3m₂/3v₂×v₂/m₂ = 1
Then D₁ = D₂
C. If m₁, v₁ and d₁ are the mass volume and density of the ball P then m₁, v₂ and d₂ are the mass volume and density of the ball Q
Then m₁ = m₂ but v₁ = 2v₂
Then D₁/D₂ = m₁/v₁×m₂/v₂ = m₂/2v₂×v₂/m₂ = 1/2
D₁ = 1/2D₂
Then ball Q will have greater density
D. If m₁, v₁ and d₁ are the mass volume and density of the ball X then m₁, v₂ and d₂ are the mass volume and density of the ball Y
V₁ = 2v₂ and m₁ = 1/2m₂
D₁/D₂ = m₁/v₁×v₂m₂ = 1/2m₂/2v₂×v₂/m₂ = 1/4
Then D₁ = 1/4D₂
Then ball Y will have greater density than X
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100 POINTS!
A gas with a pressure of 2.25 atm occupies 450.0 mL at a temperature of 300 K. What is the volume at 405.0 K?
a
333.3 mL
b
270.0 mL
c
750.0 mL
d
607.5 mL
Answer:
D) 607.5 mL
Explanation:
Combined Gas Law: P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
Substitute: [2.25(450)]300=[2.25(V)]/405
Solve for V: 3.375=2.25V/405
3.375(405)=2.25V
1366.875=2.25V
V=607.5 mL
The formula for magnesium chloride is MgCl2.
How many magnesium atoms are there in one molecule?
Responses
zero
zero
one
one
two
two
three
Answer:
Foe example,the atomic mass of magnesium(24.3050) shows us that the average mass of magnesium atoms is about twice the average mass of carbon atoms(12.011),so the mass of 6.022 x 10²³ magnesium atoms is about twice the mass carbon atoms hope you understand thanks Jason
A photon has a frequency of 5.84x10^10. Calculate its energy
A photon has a frequency of 5.84×10¹⁰ then the energy is 3.89 J
Photon is the tiny particles of electromagnetic radiation
Here given data is
photon frequency = 5.84×10¹⁰
We have to find energy of photon = ?
Formula for find energy is E = hν
E = hν ; where E = energy , h = Planck constant 6.626×10³⁴J/s , ν = frequency
E = hν = 6.626×10³⁴J/s × 5.84×10¹⁰
E = 3.89 J
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The property of certain molecules or ions that exhibit the characteristics of more than one bond structure at the same time and cannot be represented by a single lewis structure is called _____.
Resonance is correct answer
What is resonance?
The word "resonance" comes from the Latin word "resonantia," which means "echo," and the verb "resonare," which means "to resound." The term originated in the study of acoustics, specifically the sympathetic resonance seen in musical instruments, such as when one string begins to vibrate and produce sound after another one is struck.
There are many different forms of vibrations or waves that exhibit resonance phenomena, including mechanical, orbital, acoustic, electromagnetic, nuclear magnetic, electron spin, and quantum wave function resonances. Resonant systems can be employed to produce vibrations at a particular frequency (such as those produced by musical instruments) or to isolate particular frequencies from a complicated vibration that contains a range of frequencies (e.g., filters).
When the frequency of an applied periodic force (or one of its Fourier components) is equal to or nearly equal to the natural frequency of the system on which it works, the phenomenon of enhanced amplitude known as resonance results. A dynamic system's oscillations will have a greater amplitude when an oscillating force is applied at its resonant frequency than when the same force is applied at other, non-resonant frequencies
Due to the storage of vibrational energy, small periodic stresses that are close to the system's resonance frequency can cause oscillations in the system with enormous amplitudes.
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what are the classical elements of donatello's david? choose all answers that apply: choose all answers that apply
A revival of classical concern in and respect for the seen in Donatello's David. The free-standing classical figure antiquity Donatello's David. The sculpture exhibits an eroticism that is typical of its era.
How does Donatello's David represent the early Renaissance?Being the first free-standing statue constructed since antiquity and the first freestanding standing bronze sculpture cast during the Renaissance, Donatello's David was immensely ground breaking when it was created.
How does David by Donatello depict humanism?The detailed substance of Donatello's sculpture of David, which had no other aesthetic or practical function other than to display his sculpting abilities, was what he saw as the sculpture's uniqueness. David and the skull of the enormous Goliath make up the majority of a book's material.
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How does the air in Earth's atmosphere (open system) differ from a gas in a closed system? Develop a model (written explanation with diagram) to explain why low pressure systems are actually associated with high temperatures.
With its surroundings, an open system can interchange both matter and energy. Since heat and water vapor can be lost to the air, the stovetop example would be considered an open system. On the other hand, a closed system can only interchange energy, not matter, with its surrounds.
Is the atmosphere a closed or an open system?All systems within the earth's atmosphere are thought of as open systems even if the earth itself is a closed system. An open system is one in which matter and energy can move between it and its environment.
An open system is one that permits the exchange of materials and energy with the environment. For instance, a hot soup bowl that is open, etc.
A closed system is one that only permits the interchange of energy with its surroundings and forbids the exchange of matter.
Systems types:
No energy enters or leaves an isolated area. Closed: Material does not exit, but energy does. Open: both matter and energy can enter and exit. Sunlight energy enters the closed system that is the Earth. and "no" stuff comes into or goes out (except for the rare meteorite).
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37
of
ns
id,
SCUBA divers use a combination of
nitrogen and oxygen in their tanks.
Hopefully every breath of the mixture is
the same. This is a heterogeneous
mixture.
true or
false?
When molecules of the constituent components are not entirely mixed, this is referred to as a heterogeneous mixture. You could observe patches of one substance scattered among patches of another substance with the unaided eye or even under a microscope. The mixtures typically manifest as various phases or states of matter.
Examples of heterogeneous mixturesThe environment on a wet day serves as an illustration of a heterogeneous blend. Air, a gas, and liquid raindrops combine to create the wet atmosphere. Through the less thick air, there are spots of dense liquid water dropping. Due to the presence of two states, or phases, of matter—liquid and gas—it is clearly a heterogeneous mixture.
Importantly, visibility is lowered on a rainy day. Because sunlight can move through air without being blocked, we can see through it. However, liquid raindrops bend, disperse, and block sunlight, preventing it from passing through the cloudy atmosphere.
On the planet Earth, heterogeneous mixes make up the great bulk of substances.
Below are many instances of typical heterogeneous mixtures.
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which molecule below has a nonpolar bond in which the electrons are being shared equally? a) h2o b) nh3 c) cl2 s) hcl
Answer:
C) Cl2
Explanation:
Water (H2O), Ammonia (NH3), and Hydrochloric aid (HCl) are all polar. Cl2 is the only non-polar out of the answers and the electrons are shared equally.
What would you conclude about chloride based on your results in the flame tests in part c?.
The conclusion is that chloride does not emit light in visible range.
As per the image, we can see the differentiating factors are the metal ions. With different metals, the chloride salt gives different flame colour.
As we know, all the electrons absorb energy and emit it while returning from excited state to ground state. The wavelength of this emitted energy is perceived by us as colours.We can state that these colours are of metals and chloride ions themself do not emit colour in visible range.
Also, metal salts of chlorine are volatile. The metal chloride vapourises quickly and hence is suitable for the detection of metal ions.
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The image is attached in the diagram..
which organ system is most related to the endoplasmic reticulum in cells
Answer:
That is the circulatory system
Explanation:
Because both the circulatory system and endoplasmic reticulum play transport roles
Organ system that is most related to the endoplasmic reticulum in cells is of liver and kidneys.
Endoplasmic reticulum is found in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. These helps to transport protein in different parts of cell and helps in its survival. It is the main component of the endomembrane system.
Liver and the kidneys are the places where detoxification of anything takes place. These helps in keeping body pure and toxin free. Liver helps in detoxifying the harmful compounds whereas kidney purifies the blood and circulate it back to body. Liver cells have a lot of endoplasmic reticula to facilitate purification of alcohols, drugs, etc.
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what is the wavelength and energy of a photon with a frequency of 6.57×10^22 Hz
The energy and wavelength of the photon of frequency 6.57 x 10²² Hz is, 43.861 x 10⁻¹²J and 0.4662 x 10⁻¹⁴ m
It is given that the frequency of the photon is 6.57 x 10²² Hz. To find the energy of the photon we need to use the following formula,
E = hν
where, h = 6.676 x 10⁻³⁴m²kg/s
On substituting the values of Planck's Constant and ν we get,
E = 6.676 x 10⁻³⁴ x 6.57 x 10²²
E = 43.861 x 10⁻¹²J
Therefore, the energy produced by the photon is 43.861 x 10⁻¹²J.
Next, we need to find the wavelength of the photon. The wavelength is found using the following formula,
λ = c/ν
where, c = 3 x 10⁸m/s
By substituting the values of c and ν we get
λ = (3 x 10⁸) / (6.57 x 10²²)
λ = 0.4662 x 10⁻¹⁴ m
Therefore, the wavelength of the photon is 0.4662 x 10⁻¹⁴ m
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Imagine that bubbles begin to form in a sample of liquid, but the temperature did not change. What must have happened to cause this change?
If the bubbles begin to form in a sample of liquid,but the temperature did not change. this is a process of boiling as liquid and gas (bubble) co-exist.
At the location of heating, liquid begins to transform into its vapour state. The liquid changes into gas, which manifests as bubbles.
The heat energy is transmitted to the water molecules during boiling, causing them to flow more swiftly. The molecules eventually become too energetic to maintain their connection as a liquid. This results in the formation of gaseous water vapour molecules, which float to the surface as bubbles and move through the air.
When the saturation solubility of air is exceeded in a solution, air bubbles begin to develop. When a solution is exposed to air and the air entering and exiting the solution are balanced, the amount of air that finally dissolves in the solution is known as its saturated solubility (in equilibrium state).
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Based on the chemical equation, use the drop-down menu to choose the coefficients that will balance the
chemical equation: 1
DH₂0-DH₂ + O₂
Intro
Lot 10
Done
Answer:
D = 2
2H₂0 → 2H₂ + O₂
Explanation:
I'll assume that "DH₂0-DH₂ + O₂" is meant to read:
DH₂0 → DH₂ + O₂
Water decomposes into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) molecules.
We are to find a vale of D that will balance this equation.
DH₂0 → DH₂ + O₂
Count the atoms on both sides of the equation, assuming D is 1 at this point:
(D = 1)
Element Reactant Product Balanced?
H 2 2 Yes
O 1 2 No
We need an additional oxygen atom on the reactant side, so lets try D=2:
2H₂0 → 2H₂ + O₂
Element Reactant Product Balanced?
H 4 4 Yes
O 2 2 Yes
The equation is balanced for D = 2:
2H₂0 → 2H₂ + O₂
The strength of the force of gravity between two objects depends on which factors?
Answer: It depends on both mass and distance
a diatomic ideal gas is compressed adiabatically from 3 m3 to 1.4 m3. if the initial pressure is 71 kpa, calculate the final pressure in kpa.
The final pressure of the diatomic gas that is expanded adiabatically is 140 KPa.
For any adiabatic process, the relation between volume and pressure is given by,
PVⁿ = C
Where P is the pressure and V is the volume,
C is a constant and
n is adiabatic index.
It can be written,
PVⁿ = pvⁿ
The value of adiabatic index for a diatomic gas is 1.44.
P is the initial pressure which is given to be 71KPa,
V is the initial volume which is given to be 3m³.
p is the final pressure,
v is the final volume which is given to be 1.4m³.
So, now putting all the values accordingly,
(3×71000)^1.44 = (1.4×p)^1.44
p = 140KPa
So, the final pressure is 140 KPa.
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Part 1: Composition of the Atm Name the three major gases in the atmosphere from greatest to least
Answer:
1) Nitrogen
2)Oxygen
3)Argon
Explanation:
Nitrogen has 78.1 % gasses
Oxygen has 20.9 % gasses
Argon has 0.93 % gasses
Why are electrons “orbiting” incorrect in an atom model?
What is the correct way to draw an atom?
Correct way to draw an atom is to draw proton neutron and electron in an atom
Atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element and the atom is drawn in the oval shape and in that the nucleus is present and also proton neutron and electron are also present and nucleus is surrounded by the one or more negative charge electron and also the nucleus is positively charged and contains one or more relatively heavy particles known as protons and neutrons
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It is important to realize that an element’s line spectrum can include emissions at wavelengths throughout the electromagnetic spectrum including ultraviolet, visible, and infrared. According to section 2 of the experiment, where will you be collecting data on hydrogen and helium’s line spectra?.
It is important to realize that an element’s line spectrum can include emissions at wavelengths throughout the electromagnetic spectrum including ultraviolet, visible, and infrared then according to section 2 of the experiment visible region collecting data on hydrogen and helium’s line spectra
Electromagnetic spectrum are the spectrum in which electromagnetic radiation are classified wavelength into radio waves, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays and the types of electromagnetic spectrum are
Radio wave : radio waves are used to broadcast the signalsMicrowave : microwave are used to mobile signalsInfrared : infrared transmit heat from difference sourced of fireVisible : visible is the type of electromagnetic radiation Ultraviolet : ultraviolet are used in florescent tubeX ray : x ray are used to see the object as well as bodiesGamma rays : gamma rays are used in cell cancer treatmentThe hydrogen line spectra fall between wavelength, 410 nm to 656 nm. The helium line spectra fall between wavelength, 400 nm to 781 nm and this two fall in the visible region of line spectra
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Expressing Opinions: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of solar heating systems. What do you think their overall benefits are, compared with those of other heating systems?
Answer: Solar heating systems are energy efficient, but the amount of heating they can accomplish would not be very much in cold climates. Overall, it seems they could be put to good use in a lot of places in the world and could save a lot of energy.
Explanation:
because thats how science works ig
Sep plan and carry out an investigation: plan an investigation using water, a glass, and a bucket to demonstrate that thermal energy is not the same temperature ??
In bucket the thermal energy is more than the glass
Thermal energy is the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature
The water in the bucket is more than the glass so thermal energy of the bucket is higher than the glass water and the thermal energy is the total amount of kinetic energy of the molecules in the system means in bucket the molecules are more and water are also more so the thermal energy is greater than the glass
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Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless liquid. How many molecules of carbon tetrachloride are in 6.32 mg of that compound?
a. 2.47 x 10^19
b. 5.85 x 10^23
c. 6.82 x 10^29
d. 1.64 x 10^24
Option A.
The number of molecules of carbon tetrachloride in 6.32 mg of the compound is 2.47 x 10¹⁹ molecules.
What is the molecular mass of Carbon tetrachloride?The molecular mass of Carbon tetrachloride is calculated as follows;
Molecular formula = CCl₄
CCl₄ = (12) + (35.5 x 4)
CCl₄ = 154 g/mol
The number of moles of carbon tetrachloride in 6.32 mg is calculated as follows;
n = reacting mass / molar mass
n = (6.32 x 10⁻³) / (154)
n = 4.1 x 10⁻⁵ moles
1 mole of CCl₄ = 6.02 x 10²³ molecules
4.1 x 10⁻⁵ moles of CCl₄ = ?
= 2.47 x 10¹⁹ molecules
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100 POINTS!! HELP ASAP
Answer:
B and C which are the same
Explanation:
neutral ph which ranges about from 0 to 7 it is about where water is
Atmospheric pressure is
Question 3 options:
only present at sea level
greater in the upper atmosphere than in the lower atmosphere
the weight of the air, or atmosphere, that is felt by everything on earth
greater in the mountains than at sea level
Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the air or atmosphere that is felt by everything on earth. Option B.
When you press the plunger the air inside the tube and plunger will bubble out. Atmospheric pressure is applied to the surface of the liquid. Release the valve and the water in the tube will move. The atoms and molecules that make up the various layers in the atmosphere are constantly moving in random directions.
Despite its small size when it collides with a surface it exerts a force on that surface and perceives it as pressure. A low-pressure area also called a low-pressure area, is an area where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding area. Lows are usually associated with strong winds warm air and atmospheric rise.
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The _______ of an object is where the object is in relation to other objects, or points of reference.
position
force
gravity
motion
(50 POINTS!! ASAP PLS)
Answer:position
Explanation: I’m pretty sure sorry if it’s wrong
Answer: The answer is position.
Explanation: If you were the only thing in existence, you wouldn't be able to tell your position, as it is compared to other objects in the universe.
When using filtration to separate a dissolved solid from an undissolved solid, which technique is recommended to ensure a quantitative separation?.
an unknown element has two primary isotopes, one with a relative abundance of 99.63 percent and a mass of 14.00307 u, and another with a relative abundance of 0.37 percent and a mass of 15.0011 u. what is the atomic weight of this element?
Protons and neutrons make up the compact, dense nucleus of an atom, which is positively charged and comparatively hefty.
How do you determine an element's Amu?The total number of protons and neutrons in an isotope's nucleus is referred to as the mass number. This is due to the fact that each proton and neutron has a mass of one atomic mass unit (amu). You may get the mass of the atom by multiplying the total number of protons and neutrons by 1 amu.
What does "1 amu" or "1u" mean to you?An element's atomic mass is expressed in terms of the atomic mass unit (AMU or amu) also referred to as the unified atomic mass unit or the Dalton (Da) (u)both atomic and molecular masses through the AMU. AMU is described as being one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom (12C).
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