Because carbon dioxide dissolves in water and is transported by rain to the surface where it combines with rocks to generate carbonates, the Earth's atmosphere contains significantly less carbon dioxide than Venus's atmosphere.
Why does Earth's atmosphere have so much less carbon dioxide compared to Venus?Since Venus' atmosphere is around 100 times thicker than the earth's and extremely dense. Venus must be sufficiently close to the Sun for the little carbon dioxide in its early atmosphere to have heated the surface and released additional carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Nitrogen makes up 79% of the atmosphere on Earth, along with oxygen (20%) and a trace amount of other gases including carbon dioxide and water vapor. On Venus and Mars, however, carbon dioxide makes up the majority of the atmosphere.
In Venus's original ocean drained, water vapor molecules were dispersed by ultraviolet light, and hydrogen was released into space. There was no longer any surface water, and the amount of carbon dioxide increased.
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What is the frequency of an x-ray
wave with an energy of
2.0 x 10^-17 J?
Please explain how!
Answer:
3.3 x 10⁻¹⁷ Hz
Explanation:
To find the frequency, you can use the following equation:
E = h / f
In this equation,
-----> E = energy (J)
-----> h = Planck's Constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J*s)
-----> f = frequency (Hz)
You can plug the given values into the equation and simplify to find the frequency. This equation will require a little bit of rearranging.
E = h / f <----- Given equation
(2.0 x 10⁻¹⁷ J) = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J*s) / f <----- Insert values
(2.0 x 10⁻¹⁷ J) x f = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J*s) <----- Multiply both sides by f
f = 3.3 x 10⁻¹⁷ Hz <----- Divide both sides by 2.0 x 10⁻¹⁷
The frequency of an x-ray wave with an energy of 2.0 x 10^-17 J is 3.3 x 10⁻¹⁷ Hz.
What is frequency ?
The term frequency is defined as the number of waves that pass a fixed point in unit time. Frequency is measured in hertz which is equal to one event per second.
Frequency also describes the number of cycles undergoes during one unit of time by a body in periodic motion.
Calculating the frequency, you can use the following equation:
E = h / f
Where,
E = energy (J)
h = Planck's Constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J*s)
f = frequency (Hz)
Insert his values in the given equation
(2.0 x 10⁻¹⁷ J) = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J × s) / f
(2.0 x 10⁻¹⁷ J) x f = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J × s)
f = 3.3 x 10⁻¹⁷ Hz
Thus, The frequency of an x-ray wave with an energy of 2.0 x 10^-17 J is 3.3 x 10⁻¹⁷ Hz.
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When the forecast calls for freezing rain, salt is often spread on the roads. Why is this done?
A 4.0 mg/dl creatinine standard is needed. to prepare 100 ml of the working standard. How much stock standard of 1 mg/ml creatinine is needed?
4 ml stock is needed for the standard of 1 mg/ml creatinine if a 4.0 mg/dl creatinine standard is needed to prepare 100 ml of the working standard.
Your muscles produce creatinine as a waste product during routine, everyday action. In a typical state, your kidneys remove creatinine from your blood and excrete it in urine. Creatinine can accumulate in the blood and less creatinine will be excreted in the urine if there is an issue with your kidneys.
A high amount of creatinine in the blood or urine may indicate that the kidneys are not doing a good job of filtering the blood. Although high creatinine levels do not pose a life-threatening hazard, they may be a sign of a major health problem, such as chronic renal disease.
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What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 36. 0 g of naoh in enough water to make 1. 50 l of solution?
0.6 mol / L is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 36. 0 g of NaOH in enough water to make 1. 50 l of solution.
The amount of a substance in a specific volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute per liter of a solution is known as molarity. The molar concentration of a solution is another term for molarity.
The ratio employed to indicate the solution's concentration is called its molarity. Understanding a solution's molarity is important since it allows you to determine the actual concentration as well as whether the solution is diluted or concentrated.
Amount of NaOH = 36. 0 g
Amount of water = 1. 50 L
1 mol of NaOH = 40 g,
Moles of NaOH = 36. 0 / 40 g = 0.9 mol NaOH
Molarity of a solution = moles of solute / Liters of solution
Molarity of a solution = 0.9 / 1.50
Molarity of a solution = 0.6 mol / L
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Changes in the composition of the atmosphere have caused gradual changes in earth's _______ throughout history, causing changes in plant and animal life that contributed to mass extinctions.
climate
Changes in the composition of the atmosphere have caused gradual changes in earth's climate throughout history, causing changes in plant and animal life that contributed to mass extinctions.
The following are some of the reasons:
UV lightclimatepollutantshydrofluorocarbonsheat
The surface of the Earth warms up as sunlight strikes it. Surface-emitted infrared light is absorbed in the atmosphere and transformed into heat. The temperature close to the surface rises as a result of this heat being trapped in the atmosphere.UV light:indirect impacts of climate change on UV radiation from the surface. By changing the concentrations of ozone, UV-absorbing tropospheric gases, aerosols, and clouds in the atmosphere, climate change may have indirectly affected UV radiation levels in the past. These influences are probably going to persist in the future.climate:People are at risk from food and water shortages, greater flooding, high heat, an increase in disease, and economic loss due to climate change. Conflict and human migration are potential outcomes. Climate change is the top hazard to world health in the twenty-first century, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).pollutants:these are also resulting in the increase of temperature of the Earth and is also damaging ozone layer.To learn more about the changes in earth visit:
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The heating element of a hair dryer dissipates 1500 w when connected to a 180 v outlet. part a what is its resistance?
The resistance of the heating element is 21.61 Ω
Given
The power dissipated = 1500 W
Voltage = 180 V
We know that
Power = Voltage * Current
⇒ Power / Voltage = Current
⇒ 1500 W/180 V = Current
⇒ 8.33 A = Current
In order to calculate the resistance of the heating element. We Have to apply the formula
Power = (Current)^2 * Resistance
⇒ Resistance = Power / (Current)^2
⇒ Resistance = 1500 W/ (8.33) ^2
⇒ Resistance = 21.61 Ω
Hence the resistance of the heating element is 21.61 Ω
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What may indicate that the pressure within a container is increasing and that container failure may be imminent?
Answer:
An increase in the intensity of sounds or fire issuing from a relief valve.
What does "contents under pressure" mean?Propane serves as the propellant in all aerosols. R-12, a Freon that was the previous propellant, has been outlawed because it harms the ozone layer above the poles. Propane and R-12 share the same pressure-temperature characteristics.
Propane's boiling point is quite low. It desires a boil-off at ambient temperature. And it continues to do so until the pressure inside a closed container rises to roughly 150 psi (give or take depending on temperature), at which time the boiling point is raised high enough to cause the substance to stop boiling.
"Contents Under Pressure" is exactly what the notice indicates. Paint, hairspray, lubricant, wasp and hornet spray, among other liquids, can be found within an aerosol can, which is a pressure vessel. By inspecting the bottom, you may determine whether a vessel is a pressure vessel. If it is dished in like a bowl, it has the same pressure-holding end as a huge propane tank, with the exception that the curve on the latter has an outward orientation. On aerosol canisters, it is inward because they must sit upright for ease. A circular bottom just cannot accomplish that. But the top resembles an outer hemisphere more or less.
Thank you,
Eddie
The iodine test is used to test for the presence of starch which is a type of ___________ treated with an iodine solution, the starch reacts with the iodine solution and produces a ___________ color.
A. protein, blue-purple
B. protein, yellow
C. carbohydrate, yellow
D carbohydrate, blue-purple
When
Answer:
D. carbohydrate, blue-purple
Explanation:
Carbohydrates are one of many types of macronutrients found in certain foods and drink. For example, sugars, starches, and fibers are carbohydrates.
When starch is present, using an iodine solution will turn it blue-black or purple. If starch is NOT present, it will stay orange or yellow. The reason starch reacts with iodine is due to the amylose present in starch. Iodine is not soluble in water, so it's dissolved along with potassium iodide that forms a triiodide molecule. That then enters the helical structure of amylose and changes its color.
Strontium-89 undergoes beta decay, after 88 days a sample has decreased to 30% its original size. What is the half-life of sr-89?.
The half-life of sr-89 will be 51 days.
What is a Beta decay?In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits a beta particle (a fast energetic electron or positron), which changes the original nuclide into an isobar of that nuclide. Prior to beta decay, neither the beta particle nor the associated (anti-)neutrino is present in the nucleus; instead, they are produced during the decay process. This procedure gives unstable atoms a protons-to-neutrons ratio that is more stable.The weak force, which is characterized by relatively slow decay durations, results in beta decay. Up and down quarks make up nucleons, and the weak force allows a quark to change the flavor of its lepton by emitting a W boson, which produces an electron/antineutrino or positron/neutrino pair.For instance, the disintegration of a neutron, which consists of two down quarks and an up quark, produces a proton, which consists of a down quark and two up quarks.Because the fundamental nuclear mechanism, mediated by the weak force, is the same, electron capture is occasionally considered a kind of beta decay. In electron capture, a proton in the nucleus captures an inner atomic electron, turning it into a neutron, and releasing an electron neutrino.To learn more about beta decay strontium-89 click here-
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The coefficient of performance (cop) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of?
The coefficient of performance (cop) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of " the work necessary to heat or cool something usefully."
The usable heating or cooling delivered to work required ratio, also known as the coefficient of performance, or COP, of a heat pump, refrigerator, as well as air conditioning system. Higher efficiency, less energy (power) usage, and thus reduced operational costs are all related to higher COPs.
Coefficient of performance formula:
[tex]K = Q_{H} / W_{in}[/tex]
where, K = Coefficient of performance, [tex]Q_{H}[/tex] = heat of pumps output, [tex]W_{in}[/tex] = work required by the system.
It is refrigeration's coefficient of performance (COP) will always be greater than 1.
Therefore, the coefficient of performance (cop) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of " the work necessary to heat or cool something usefully."
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Find the volume occupied by 22. 0 g of helium gas at 26. 0 ° C and 1. 20 atm of pressure.
The volume occupied by 22. 0 g of helium gas at 26. 0 ° C and 1. 20 atm of pressure is 112.37 L .
Calculation ,
According to ideal gas equation ,
PV = nRT ....(i)
where P is the pressure = 1. 20 atm
V is the volume of the helium gas = ?
R is the universal gas constant = 0.082 atm L /K mol
T is the temperature of the gas = 26. 0 ° C = 299 K
n is the number of moles
Number of miles (n) = given mass/ molar mass =22 g/4 = 5.5 moles
By putting the value of pressure , volume , temperature and universal gas constant in equation ( i) we get
1. 20 atm ×V = 5.5 moles × 0.082×299
V = 5.5 moles × 0.082×299/1. 20 atm = 112.37 L
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A pure element unbound or in a diatomic state, such as cl2, always has an oxidation number of ________. a. 1 b. 2 c. magnitude equal to its valence number d. 0
A pure element unbound or in a diatomic state, such as cl2, always has an oxidation number of 0 (zero).
Why does pure element or a diatomic molecule has zero oxidation state?In a neutral substance with atoms of only one element, the oxidation number of an atom is zero. As a result, the oxidation number of the atoms in O2, O3, P4, S8, and aluminum metal is 0. The oxidation numbers for an element in its normal state will be zero. O2 and Cl2 are diatomic gas molecules that occur naturally, thus when they are in that state, they have an oxidation state of zero. Metals like zinc will also have an oxidation number of zero if they are in their natural solid state.
O2 and Cl2 are neutral diatomic, hence they will always have a zero oxidation state. It is impossible for one oxygen atom to have a negative 2 charge while the other has a positive 2. The oxidation states should be 0 if the elements are solids, liquids, or any type of diatomic molecule.
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option (d) 0 is the right option.
A pure element unbound or in a diatomic state, such as cl2, always has an oxidation number of 0.
An unbound or diatomic pure element, like cl2, always has an oxidation number of 0 (zero).
Why does a diatomic molecule or pure element have zero oxidation state?The oxidation number of an atom is 0 in a neutral substance that contains solely atoms of one element. Because of this, the oxidation number of the atoms in aluminum metal, O2, O3, P4, and S8 is 0. An element will have zero oxidation numbers in its natural state. Since O2 and Cl2 are diatomic gas molecules that are found in nature, they have an oxidation state of zero while they are in that state. If a metal is in its natural solid state, it will also have an oxidation number of zero.O2 and Cl2 will always have a zero oxidation state because they are neutral diatomic. One oxygen atom cannot have a negative charge of two while the other has a positive charge of two. If the elements are solids, liquids, or any sort of diatomic molecule, the oxidation states should be 0.To learn more diatomic state visit:
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Small, non-polar molecules exhibit a higher rate of diffusion than large, charged ones.
a. true
b. false
Generating a rate law is complicated when the rate-determining step is preceded by a?
By generating a rate law is complicated when the rate-determining step is preceded by 'a' is a Equilibrium reaction.
What is rate law?The rate law shows about the rate of chemical reaction depends on reactant concentration.
According to rate law, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of reaction which is raised to a stiochiometric coefficient which is determined experimentally.
Thus, from above we concluded that if the preceding reaction is an equilibrium, that compromises the simplicity of writing the rate law from the stiochiometry of the rate determining step will be used up in the reverse reaction of the equilibrium.
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Use the Ideal Gal Law to calculate the following problem. How many moles of gas are contained in a 4.2 L container at 2.7 atm and 305 K?
Answer:
0.453 moles
Explanation:
The Ideal Gas Law equation looks like this:
PV = nRT
In this formula,
-----> P = pressure (atm)
-----> V = volume (L)
-----> n = moles
-----> R = Ideal Gas Constant (0.08206 atm*L/mol*K)
-----> T = temperature (K)
To find the amount of moles of gas, you can plug the given values into the equation and then simplify.
P = 2.7 atm R = 0.08206 atm*L/mol*K
V = 4.2 L T = 305 K
n = ? moles
PV = nRT
(2.7 atm)(4.2 L) = n(0.08206 atm*L/mol*K)(305 K)
11.34 = n(25.0283)
0.453 = n
What is the color of the indicator thymol blue in a solution that has a ph of 11?.
Answer:
Red
Explanation:
Red color is evidenced when thymol blue indicator is in a solution having a pH of 11. A pH of 11 means that the solution is basic or alkaline. Therefore, the indicator turns red, indicating that the solution is alkaline.
When thymol blue indicator is in a acidic solution, the indicator remains blue.
Sodium has a density of 0.968 g/cm3 and crystallizes with a body-centered cubic unit cell. Part A Calculate the radius of a sodium atom.
The radius of a sodium atom is determined as 2.145 x 10⁻⁸ cm.
What is body-centered cubic unit cell?
Body-centered cubic (BCC) is the name given to a type of atom arrangement found in nature.
A body-centered cubic unit cell structure consists of atoms arranged in a cube where each corner of the cube shares an atom and with one atom positioned at the center.
Volume of the sodium atomThe volume of the sodium atom is calculated as follows;
V = ZM/Nρ
where;
Z is 2 for a body-centered cubic unit cellM is mass of sodium atom = 23 g/molρ is density of sodium atomN is Avogadro's numberV = (2 x 23) / (6.023 x 10²³ x 0.968)
V = 7.89 x 10⁻²³ cm³
Edge length of the unit cella = (V)^¹/₃
a = (7.89 x 10⁻²³ cm³)^¹/₃
a = 4.29 x 10⁻⁸ cm
Radius of the unit cellr = a/2
r = ( 4.29 x 10⁻⁸ cm) / 2
r = 2.145 x 10⁻⁸ cm
Thus, the radius of a sodium atom is determined as 2.145 x 10⁻⁸ cm.
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What is the molality of ethylene glycol, c2h4(oh)2, in a solution prepared from 2. 331×103 g of ethylene glycol and 2. 00×103 g of water, h2o?
Molality of ethylene glycol, C₂H₄(OH)₂, in a solution prepared from 2. 331×10³ g of ethylene glycol and 2.00×10³ g of water, H₂O is 47.6m
Ethylene Glycol is known as C₂H₄(OH)₂. It is added in water to prepare an Antifreeze solution.
Given,
Mass of Ethylene Glycol = 2.331 × 10³ g = 2.331kg
Mass of Water = 2.00 × 10³ g
Since, Ethylene Glycol is in excess. Hence, it acts as a solvent and water acts as a solute.
We know, Molar Mass of Water = 18g
Hence, Moles of Water = Given mass of water / Molar Mass of Water
⇒ Moles of Water = 2000 / 18
⇒ Moles of Water = 111.1
Molality is defined as the moles of solute present in a given solvent in kg.
∴ Molality = Moles of Solute / Mass of Solvent (in kg)
Molality = Moles of Water / Mass of Ethylene Glycol
⇒ Molality = 111.1 / 2.331
⇒ Molality = 47.6m
Molality of ethylene glycol, C₂H₄(OH)₂, in a solution prepared from 2. 331×10³ g of ethylene glycol and 2.00×10³ g of water, H₂O is 47.6m
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The external expression of a mineral’s orderly internal arrangement of atoms is referred to as:____.
The external expression of a mineral’s orderly internal arrangement of atoms is referred to as its crystal form
Internally, a mineral's crystal structure, or regular, repeating arrangement of atoms, reflects the chemical makeup of the mineral. A CHEMICAL FORMULA, which only lists the proportions of the various elements and groups of elements in the mineral, can be used to describe the composition of a mineral. For minerals with a narrow range of composition, the latter idea—groups of elements—comes into play. Color, hardness, luster, crystal formations, density, and cleavage are characteristics that aid geologists in determining a mineral's identity in a rock. The atomic structure of a crystal essentially determines its form, cleavage, and hardness. Chemical composition is the main determinant of color and density.
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Why does it take a larger partial pressure difference for oxygen to dissolve in plasma vs. carbon dioxide?
It take a larger partial pressure difference for oxygen to dissolve in plasma vs carbon dioxide because of its much higher solubility in plasma.
What is Partial Pressure ?Partial pressure is defined as the pressure of anyone gas that arises in the container with more than one gas and each gas exert pressure. Partial pressure is calculated only for gases which is exist in the same volume.
Why does it take larger partial pressure for oxygen dissolve in plasma ?Oxygen dissolve in plasma because oxygen exerts a certain amount of partial pressure. Plasma cannot carry much oxygen because of its solubility.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that It take a larger partial pressure difference for oxygen to dissolve in plasma vs carbon dioxide because of its much higher solubility in plasma.
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What is the daughter nucleus produced when Au195 undergoes electron capture?
Pt195 having 78 atomic number is the daughter nucleus produced when Au195 undergoes electron capture.
An unstable isotopes can undergoes radioactive decay to form a more stable isotopes . Initial isotopes is called parent nuclide and the resultant isotopes from radioactive decay is called the daughter nuclide There are several radioactive decay like alpha decay , beta decay , gamma decay , electron capture etc .
In electron capture , the atom have only one less which is daughter isotopes than electron than atomic number of parent isotopes.
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A ballasted flocculation process has two hydrocyclones in operation (two trains) with an influent flow of 6,000 gpm and a microsand slurry recirculation rate of 300 gpm. Six volumes of samples from the train produced the following volumes of settled microsand: 20 mL, 15 mL, 15 mL, 30 mL, 20 mL, and 20 mL. The six volumes of samples collected in the cone averaged 2,000 mL. Calculate Cm, the microsand concentration in the tanks, in grams of microsand per liter (g/L).
The Cm of the Microsand concentration in the tanks when expressed in grams of Microsand per liter (g/L) is known to be 3.8 g/L.
What is Microsand?This is known to be a kind of aggregate, that is said to be exempted from clay and shale and it is one that can rightly fine to pass via a No. 100 (that is 150 µm) sieve.
Note that from the question:
The Average of six samples = 30mg/L.
Then one need to Multiply:
30 by 300gpm x 1 Train x 1700 ( this is the use of the bulk density conversion factor).
Then one need to also Divide by (4000 gpm x 2000 mL) = 1.8 g/L.
Lastly you then multiply by 2,
1.8 g/L x 2 = 3.8 g/L.
Therefore, looking at the solution above, the Cm of the Microsand concentration in the tanks is seen to be 3.8 g/L.
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A glow stick contains a glass vial with chemicals. when the glow stick is bent, the vial breaks and the chemicals react to produce a glow. a science student observes that a glow stick kept in the freezer glows for a longer duration than a glow stick kept at room temperature. what conclusion can be drawn based on the observation? be sure to note the outcome and test variables in the conclusion.
A glow stick will glow longer at lower temperatures than at room temperature, one can infer from the observation. Temperature and reaction time are the test variables.
We notice in this reaction that a glow stick stored in the freezer lights for a longer period of time than a glow stick stored at normal temperature. This implies that temperature affects how long a response lasts.
The most straightforward explanation for this observation is that glow sticks glow longer in colder temperatures than they do at room temperature; as a result, glow sticks kept in the freezer are observed to glow longer than glow sticks kept at room temperature.
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54.0g Al reacts with 64.0g O2 to form Al2O3 according to the equation.
4Al+3O2 = 2Al2O3
O2: 32 g/mol Al2O3: 102 g/mol
How many grams of Al2O3 form from 64.0 g O2?
[?]g Al2O3
Answer:
136 g Al₂O₃
Explanation:
Assuming you do not need to find the limiting reactant, to find the mass of Al₂O₃, you need to (1) convert grams O₂ to moles O₂ (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles O₂ to moles Al₂O₃ (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), and then (3) convert moles Al₂O₃ to grams Al₂O₃ (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given value (64.0 g).
Molar Mass (O₂): 32 g/mol
Molar Mass (Al₂O₃): 102 g/mol
4 Al + 3 O₂ -----> 2 Al₂O₃
64.0 g O₂ 1 mole 2 moles Al₂O₃ 102 g
----------------- x -------------- x ------------------------ x ------------- = 136 g Al₂O₃
32 g 3 moles O₂ 1 mole
Answer:
Explanation:
Based of the fact that you were given 2 masses I would assume this to be a limiting reagent question. However amount on the left side both equal 2. Ignoring limiting reagents and focusing on just O2 the steps would be:
1. Make sure the equation is balanced ( already given)
2- Use given values to find the mols of O2 (mass/molar mass)
3. Mols are conserved but due to the coefficients the molar value from O2 must be divided by three and multiplied by 2 to ensure proper ratios
4. Using that amount the mass can derived using amount/molar mass
5. Use proper significant digits and units(3 in this case)
Consider the slightly soluble base bs(oh)2. if the molar solubility of the base is 1.82 ⋅ 10 − 2 , what concentration of hydroxide is dissolved in a saturated solution?
Answer:
Explanation to the following:
Typically, amides will hydrolyze under ________ conditions than esters. stronger milder more saline less vigorous more dilute.
Typically, amides will hydrolyze under milder conditions than esters.
So, second option is correct one.
In acidic medium, amide interact with the water molecules to give a carboxylic aid and salt of ammonia or amine salt whereas in a basic medium, amides interacts with water molecules to give carboxylic aid and salt of ammonia or amine salt. An amides will hydrolyze under milder conditions because amide is least reactive than ester. The electronegativiy of nitrogen is less than oxygen. So, nitrogen transfer more electron cloud than oxygen towards carbonyl carbon. So, carbonyl group of amide hydrolysis in milder condition than ester.
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Why does the C-14/C-12 ratio change with time in fossils?
A. C-14 is no longer being produced in the atmosphere.
B. The C-14 half-life changes over time in a known way.
C. C-14 decays but C-12 stays the same after death.
D. C-12 also begins to decay over long periods of time.
Answer:
C. C-14 decays but C-12 stays the same after death.
Explanation:
C-12 is stable and won't change. C-14 is slightly radioactive. It decays over time to C12. A living plant or animal has a fairly constant C14/C12 ratio during it's lifetime. Sources of food have a fairly consistent C-14/C-12 ratio. Once it dies, the C-14 is no longer replenished, so the ratio of C-14 to C-12 drops over time, giving paleontologists the ability to carbon-date the sample. The less C-14, the older the sample.
Rounding to the nearest
tenth, what is the mean of
85, 85, 100, 90, 100, 85,
80, 100, 90?
For calculating mean value, add up all of the values then divide by the number of them. 815/9 is about 90.6
What is mean value?The mean refers to the average of a set of values. The mean can be computed in a number of ways, including the simple arithmetic mean (add up the numbers and divide the total by the number of observations), the geometric mean, and the harmonic mean.
Moreover, the mean can be used to represent the typical value and therefore serves as a yardstick for all observations. For example, if we would like to know how many hours on average an employee spends at training in a year, we can find the mean training hours of a group of employees.
Hence, the mean can be calculated only for numeric variables, no matter if they are discrete or continuous. It's obtained by simply dividing the sum of all values in a data set by the number of values.
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What is the relationship between the light emitted by an atom and the energies of the electrons in the atom
The relationship between the light emitted by an atom and the energies of the electrons in the atom is that the energy emitted by an atom is equal to the difference between the energy of two orbitals.
According to Bohr's model:
In Bohr's theory, the electron can jump from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, and when the energy is removed electron comes back to the initial energy level. Bohr proposed the energy and radii of an electron in the atom are quantized.
Energy between the orbits is given by,
∆E = E -E°
where ∆E = difference between the energy of orbital.
E = initial energy
E° = final energy.
Thus, we concluded that the energies of electron in the atom is equal difference between the energy of two orbitals.
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Na -k pumps couple atp hydrolysis with the transport of na and k. in which direction do they move those ions?
Na -k pumps couple atp hydrolysis with the transport of Na and k.
Both ions are used for active transport.
d. K+ and Na+ both diffuse into the cell along their concentration gradients and drive the transport of glucose.
Na/K pump is a pump located on the plasma membrane which uses ATP to move 3 Na ions out the cell and brings in 2 K ions into the cell. It is an example of primary active transport. As a consequence, concentration of Na is higher outside the cell, while K concentration is higher inside the cell.
Glucose is transported in the cell against its gradient, together with Na ions (symport) which move down their concentration gradient.
This is an example of secondary active transport because it uses the energy from the primary active transport to move other substances such as glucose against their own gradients.
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