Which statement about exothermic reactions is true?

The reactants have more heat energy than the products.

The reactants have more heat energy than the products.

Energy from an outside source is continuously being added.

Energy from an outside source is continuously being added.

More heat is given off than is put into the reaction.

More heat is given off than is put into the reaction.

The reaction container always feels cold.

The reaction container always feels cold.

Sodium metal (Na) has properties with lithium metal (Li) because the two metals are located in the same group, namely group IA.

All elements in group IA are included in the alkali metals, except hydrogen, because the character possessed by hydrogen is "different" and does not match the character of other alkali metals.

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The unstable species is called as transition state.

Transition state in a chemical reaction is a point in the chemical reaction with highest potential or highest energy. This state is said to be the most unstable stage of any chemical reaction and this unstable stage exists between the substrate and the products.

When any chemical reaction takes place the energy of the reaction or the potential of the reaction gradually starts increasing as new bonds are about to form and the old bonds are ready to break. Once the reaction reaches a highest potential point we can see that at this point partial bond braking and partial bond is happening, this is called as the transition state.

As this is the unstable  state the reaction starts to loose energy as the product is formed.

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According to the given statement 39.45 g many grams of bromine monochloride must form.

Last but not least, chloride aids in the creation and release if hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is necessary for the appropriate breakdown and absorption of food in the stomach. Chlorine kills pollutants more quickly but does so for a shorter amount of time since it evaporates more quickly. For a longer time, although more slowly, bromine destroys pollutants;

When 27.5 grams of bromine and 12.2 grams of chlorine react, bromine monochloride is produced.

Br2 + Cl2 ---> 2BrCl

mol Br2= 27.5/160g/mol= 0.171mol

mol Cl2= 12.2g/70.906g/mol= 0.172mol

Number of moles of BrCl formed = 2×0.171= 0.342 mol.

mass BrCl= 0.342 mol x 115.357g/mol= 39.45 g

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Answer:

Volume is defined as the space occupied within the boundaries of an object in three-dimensional space. It is also known as the capacity of the object.

Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future.

The equilibrium concentration of ICl is 17.97M

Equilibrium concentration is when both reactant and product are in concentration which does not change with time any more

Here given data is

Volume =  2.00L

Number of moles of ICl = 0.440 moles

Kc = 0.110

Balanced chemical equation

2ICl ⇄ I₂ + Cl₂

We have to calculate equilibrium concentration of icl = ?

Calculations for initial concentration

ICl =  0.440 moles/ 2.00L = 0.22M

I₂ = 0M

Cl₂ = 0M

Concentration of equilibrium

ICl = (0.22M - 2x)M

I₂ = xM

Cl₂ = xM

Calculation for Kc

Kc = 0.110 = [I₂][Cl₂]/[ICl]

0.110 = x²/ (0.22M-2x)²

0.332 = x(0.22M-2x)

x = 0.332×(0.22M-2x)

x = 0.0730 - 0.664x

0.664x = 0.0730

x = 0.664/0.0730

x = 9.095

The equilibrium concentration will

[I₂] = [Cl₂] = 9.095M

[ICl] =  0.22M - 2(9.095)

[ICl] = 17.97M

Equilibrium concentration of ICl is 17.97M

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Molecular formula of xanthophyll is C₄₀ H₅₆O₂ .

In the question given that

Compund xanthophyll is yellow in color and found in bird feathers and flowers.

It contains carbon , hydrogen and oxygen in ratio 20:28:1 .

Molecular formula : Μultiply each index of the molecular formula by n to get the molecular formula, as denoted by the general empirical formula AxBy: (AxBy)n= AₙₓBₙᵧ

from the given ration of composition of elements in compund we can drive empirical formula of xanthophyll.

empirical formula is C₂₀H₂₈O

Now , time to drive molecular formula for xanthophyll.

Molar mass of xanthophyll = 659g/mol

empirical formula mass = 12×20+1× 28+2× 16 = 300 g/mol

n formula per unit = molar mass of compound / empirical formula mass

=> n = 659/ 300 = 2.1 ~ 2

So , Molecular formula of xanthophyll is (C₂₀H₂₈O)2 = C₄₀H₅₆O₂

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This is an example of positive feedback regulation.

A change in a particular direction causes an additional change in the same direction. For example, if the concentration of a substance increases, a feedback of continuously increasing concentration will occur.

A positive feedback loop occurs in nature when a product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction. Considering a system in homeostasis, a positive feedback loop pushes the system away from the goal of equilibrium.

Example of Positive Feedback Loops

The feedback loop possess two major forms: (1) positive feedback and (2) negative feedback. They work simultaneously to maintain body equilibrium under different conditions.

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0.28986 M mass of potassium nitrate can be produced from the reaction of 30.00ml of 0.10m nitric acid with 15.00ml of 0.25m potassium carbonate

V₁S₁ = V₂S₂ ( V₁  is the volume of acid ,S₁ is the strength of acid, V₂ is the volume of base , S₂ is the strength of base)

So, S1= V2S2 /V1

Putting the values ;

S1= V2S2 /V1

=> S1 = (32.58×0.08897)/10.00

=> S1 = 0.28986

concentration of solution of phosphoric acid = 0.28986 M

One or more chemicals, sometimes referred to as reactants, are changed into one or more new substances, referred to as products, during a chemical reaction. Chemical elements and compounds are both substances. reacting in action, procedure, or example. opposition to a movement, power, or effect The transformation of one or more chemicals into one or more other compounds is known as a chemical reaction. Examples include how rust is created when iron and oxygen combine. Making sodium acetate, carbon dioxide, and water from vinegar and baking soda. Exploding or burning items

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Polar aprotic solvents are those solvents which have not acidic proton and polar nature.

Polar aprotic solvents are used in SN1 mechanism because these solvated both carbocation and anion .

The SN1 reaction mechanism follows a stepwise process in which the carbocation is first formed by removal of a leaving group. The carbocation is then attacked by a nucleophile. Finally, the protonated nucleophile is deprotonated to yield the desired product.

Thus, polar protic solvents help stabilize both carbocations and anions, and solvation of both cations and anions aids the progression of the SN1 mechanism. Therefore, polar protic solvents favor the SN1 mechanism.

Polar aprotic solvents are solvents that do not have acidic protons and are polar. Such solvents lack hydroxyl and amine groups. Many solvents, including chlorocarbons and hydrocarbons, can be classified as aprotic, but polar aprotic solvents are of particular interest due to their ability to dissolve salts.

examples: Actone , ethyl acetate

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Boron and beryllium sometimes have less than 8 electrons around them, Sulphur sometimes has more than 8 electrons around it and odd electron species are reactive because of their instability and their examples ate NO, NO₂ and ClO₂.

a. The example of the atoms which sometimes have fewer than 8 electrons around them are Boron and beryllium.

b. The example of the atom with sometimes have more than 8 electrons around them is Sulphur.

c. The odd electrons species generally are very reactive and uncommon because there highly unstable.

To achieve stability the readily reacts with other compounds in order to complete their octet and achieves stability. They are very uncommon because when they are formed, they tend to break the octet rule which is not very frequently observed in the atoms. The example of odd electrons species are NO, NO₂ and ClO₂.

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The molarity of the K₂CO₃ solution is 2.36 M.

The unit of molarity is molar or M is the same as moles per liter, when n moles of a compound appear that have been dissolved in V liters of solution, the molarity formula is [tex]M = n/V[/tex]

M = molarity

n = number of moles

V = volume of solution

The concentration of the solution states the quantitative composition of the substance that has been dissolved and the solvent in the solution. Determination of the concentration or vice versa depends on the number of solution ratios of each substance that enters. Chemical reactions occur during the process and result from the presence of the same solution.

So, the molarity of the K₂CO₃ solution is:

[tex]M =6.63/2.8[/tex]

[tex]=2.36[/tex] M

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The statements that collectively explain why radical bromination of 2-methyl pentane is

So the correct option are A, C, and D.

Radical Bromination is described as a process in which a free-radical chain mechanism introduces bromine into a molecule.

The bromine radical removes a hydrogen atom from the methane and because the hydrogen atom only needs to bring one electron with it to form a new bond to the bromine, and so one electron is left behind on the carbon atom.

In the creation of radicals, if  bromine (Br2) is treated with light (hν) it comes to hemolytic cleavage of the Br-Br bond.

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Complete question:

Which statements collectively explain why radical bromination of 2-methylpentane selectively gives the product shown? select all that apply.

a. the rate-determining step is endothermic, and so the most stable alkyl radical forms fastest.

b. the rate-determining step is exothermic, and so the least stable alkyl radical forms fastest.

c. The product shown arises from the most stable radical intermediate

d. The rate-determining step in the reaction is abstraction of a hydrogen atom from 2-methylpentane

e. The rate-determining step in the reaction is addition of a hydrogen atom from 2-methylpentane

A  time when you experienced microaggression was when i wnet to college in another state. The lecturer in one of my course was very angry that i left my tribe, my state to another state to study. There was element of mockery in his voice.

I felt sad, angry and also bad at the same time. I just wanted to run away from the class because all eyes were on me.

Microaggressions relate to ionization energy through the power they command or hold. I can explain Microaggressions  as ionization energy to someone  as having the power to aggressively give out a part of you that can be good or bad.

Ionization energies gauge an atom's propensity to resist losing electrons. For instance, removing an electron from a neutral fluorine atom to create a positively charged ion requires a significant amount of energy.

Note that Microaggressions are everyday verbal, behavioral, or environmental slights that signal hostility, denigration, or negative views toward stigmatized or culturally marginalized groups. They can be deliberate or inadvertent. Chester M., a psychiatrist at Harvard University, originated the phrase.

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The electronic configuration which have highest second ionization energy will be "1s22s22p63s2".

The energy needed to free the outermost, or lowest bound, an electron from an element's 1+ ion is known as the second ionization energy. The secondary ionization energy of an element would be usually greater than the first since a positive charge greater strongly attracts electrons than a negative charge.

The electronic configuration is 1s22s22p63s2.

It can remove 2 electrons to gain positive charge.

By removing 2 electrons, it attain +2 charge

In mass spectrometry, a variety of ionization techniques are employed. Electron impact (EI) as well as Fast Atom Bombardment are the two traditional techniques that most chemists were familiar with (FAB).

Therefore, the correct answer will be option (ii)

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Answer:

0.76moles of sucrose

Explanation:

1 mol = 6.022 x 10^23 molecules

4.6 x 10^23 molecules = X x 6.022 x 10^23

X = 0.7639

X = 0.76moles

Answer:

NH3 is the limiting reactant; 51 g of excess reactant left over.

Explanation:

First, create the chemical equation for this reaction and balance it:

4NH3 + 5O2 ---> 4NO + 6H2O

Then, find the limiting reactant, but in this case using NH3:

75 g NH3 * 1mol NH3/17.04 g NH3 *  5 mol O2/4 mol NH3 * 18.02 g 02/ 1 mol O2 = 99.14 g O2 needed

Since 99.14 g of O2 is needed to react with 75 g of NH3, this means O2 is the excess reactant, since we have 150 g of O2 which is more than needed. This means that NH3 is the limiting reactant.

To find the mass of excess reactant left over, subtract the mass of O2 needed (99.14 g) from the mass used in the reaction (150 g).

150 g - 99.14 g = 50.858 g

Round to the appropriate number of sig figs:

50.858 g --> 51 g

Extrapolation method for determining the titration end point is more accurate than finding the minimum conductivity because there is no human error when calculating as there could be with doing the actual experiment

Extrapolation is the estimating an unknown value based on extending a known sequence of values and to extrapolate is the infer something not explicitly stated from existing information and the point at which the indicator changes color is called as endpoint and so the addition of an indicator to the analyte solution help us to visually spot the equivalence point in an acid base titration and the endpoint refer to the point at which the indicator changes color in and acid base titration

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The petal of rose has different kinds of pigments like anthocyanins, carotenoids which give them the colors.

What are Anthocyanins?

Anthocyanins are the pigment that produces red color in the roses. They belong to Flavonoids family.

The pigments in a rose's petals give it its color. These pigments mostly consist of carotenoids and anthocyanins. Bright yellow, orange, and red pigments like those in lemons, oranges, and tomatoes are made by carotenoids. They are contained in structures called plastids, which are a component of the cytoplasm of plant cells. They are therefore steady and largely unaffected by the environment or the health of the plant. Deep red, magenta, purple, and blue colors are made of anthocyanins. They are transported via the sap of the plant and are water soluble. They are far less stable and more susceptible to external variables because they are in a fluid environment.

According to research, a bloom's anthocyanin content and sap pH fluctuate as a flower develops from a bud to a bloom. The pH of the sap increases with bloom aging and anthocyanin content decreases. As those who grow hydrangeas are aware, more acidic conditions prefer the pink/red end of the color spectrum while high alkaline levels produce blue colorations. As a result, as your rose bloom ages and its pH rises, the red will tend to lean toward the darker, bluer side of the spectrum. When a flower is in bloom, anthocyanin levels are still high, but they start to drop off swiftly as the blossom fades.

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A large net force of 280N  is required to accelerate a 2000 kg suv from rest with an acceleration of 0.14m/s2 .

According to Newton’s 2nd law of motion,  force is  equal to the change in momentum per change in time.Acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.

            Force=mass* acceleration

Here, mass is equal to 2000 kg and acceleration is equals to 0.14m/s/s.putting these values,

      F= ma

     F= 2000kg * 0.14 m/s2

        = 280 kg m/s2

        =280N

So, 280N of force is required.

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so, to calculate the molar of the monoprotic weak acid ;

first, we write the reactions

HA +NaOH → NaH +H20

42.0ml NaOH ( 1l NaOH / 1000 ml NaoH ) (0.250 m/ 1l NaOH) (1 mol HA/ 1 mol NaOH)

0.0105 moles HA

now, we calculate the molar mass

molar mass= mass/ moles

                   = 0.483 grams/ 0.0105 moles

                   = 46 grams/moles

the molar mass of the monoprotic weak acid is 46grams/moles

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A glow stick is an example of a device that directly converts chemical energy into light energy.

A) A glow stick generates luminance, or light energy, using chemical energy from the compounds contained within it. When the stick is broken or twisted, the chemicals inside it are released and, through a chemical reaction, chemical energy is transformed into light energy.

B) plants employ light energy during photosynthesis to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar (glucose).

C) The wind serves as the energy source for a windmill, and when the rotor blades revolve, the wind energy is transformed into mechanical energy. Then, electrical energy is created from that mechanical energy. The light energy produced by these electrical currents is subsequently employed in lamps. As a result, the chemical energy is not changed directly.

D) Water provides mechanical energy to a hydroelectric dam. When the water reaches the turbine, the gravitational potential energy that it had because of its height is transformed into kinetic energy. Then electrical energy is created from this kinetic energy.

Therefore, Glow Stick is the sole example where chemical energy is transformed into light energy in this manner.

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448.142 mg was the initial mass (in mg) of the sample

What is half life ?

Half-life in radioactivity, the time interval required for half of the nuclei in a radioactive sample to decay (spontaneously converted to other types of nuclei by the release of particles and energy), or equivalently, the number of decays required Halve the amount of radioactive material per second of time interval.

For example, the radioisotope cobalt 60 used in radiotherapy has a half-life of 5.26 years. Therefore, after this interval, a sample that originally contained 8 g Cobalt-60 will only contain 4 g Cobalt-60 and emit half the amount of radiation. After another 5.26 year interval, the sample contains only 2 g of Cobalt-60. However, both the volume and the mass of the original sample are such that the unstable cobalt-60 nuclei decay into stable nickel-60 nuclei, leaving undecayed cobalt.

7/e^-4.1592 =448.142

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If 2 isotopes of Osmium existed, Os-190 and Os-191,  one would have the highest percent abundance is Os - 190.

The isotopes are elements of the same family that all have the same number of protons but have the different number of neutrons. The two common type of isotopes of osmium is Os - 190 and the Os - 191. The isotopes whose mass is closer to the the relative atomic mass of osmium would have the highest percentage of the abundance. that is osmium 190.

Thus, If 2 isotopes of Osmium existed, Os-190 and Os-191,  one would have the highest percent abundance is Os-190.

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The substance with the highest specific heat value will have the highest increase in temperature.

What is a chemical reaction ?

Chemical reaction, the process by which one or more substances (reactants) are transformed into one or more other substances (products). Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. Chemical reactions rearrange the constituent atoms of reactants to produce different substances as products.

Chemical reactions are  part of technology, culture, life . Fuel combustion, glass and pottery making, beer , and wine and cheese making are few examples. Activities involving chemical reactions that have been around for thousands of years. Chemical reactions are abundant in a variety of complex processes occurring in the Earth's geology, atmosphere and oceans, and in all biological systems.

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Answer:

99 g/mol

Explanation:

2 carbon atoms in one molecule means double all the other atoms

(12*2)+(35.5*2)+(1*4)=99g/mol

Explanation:

1. HCI + NaOH --> H₂O + NaCl is a neutralisation reaction. The product is soluble sodium chloride salt and water.

2. _C3H8 + 502 --> 3CO₂ + 4H₂O is a propane combustion reaction. The product is carbon dioxide gas and water.

4. 2Li+F2 --> 2LiF is a combination reaction. The product is insoluble lithium fluoride solid

5.2AgNO3 + CuCl2 --> _Cu(NO3)2 + 2AgCl is a precipitation reaction. The product is copper(II) nitrate and an insoluble silver chloride salt(precipitate)

The  MgSO₄ (magnesium sulfate) remove water molecules entrapped in biodiesel. Ion dipole are the interactions that allow this to work.

Diesel fuel can be replaced by domestically produced, clean-burning biodiesel. The use of biodiesel as a vehicle fuel increases energy security, benefits the environment and the air we breathe, and enhances safety. Animal fats, used cooking oils, yellow grease, and vegetable oils can all be used to make biodiesel. The process of transesterification, which turns fats and oils into biodiesel and glycerin, produces the fuel. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a dipole-containing neutral molecule produces an attractive force known as the ion-dipole force. typically located in solutions. important in particular for ionic compound solutions in polar liquids.

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The statement that is true about the two isotopes is that carbon-12 has fewer neutrons (option D).

Isotopes are any of two or more forms of an element where the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons within their nuclei.

Based on the above explanation, this means that isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number.

According to this question, two isotopes were given as follows:

Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 both have the same number of protons of 6, however, they contain different number of neutrons. Carbon-12 possesses 6 neutrons while Carbon-14 possesses 8 neutrons.

Therefore, it can be said that Carbon-14 has more neutrons than Carbon-12.

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Explanation:

enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of reaction without being used up in the reaction process.

this is done by providing an alternative route to the reaction progress that'll require a lower activation energy.

example - digestive enzyme Amylase, is used to breakdown sugars into glucose for cellular respiration.

hope it helps. :)

The temperature of 0.43 mol of xe gas contained in a 2.65 l container is 2.79 K.

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly transferring factor particles that aren't difficult to interparticle interactions. the best gasoline idea is beneficial because it obeys the precise gas law, a simplified equation of country, and is amenable to evaluation under statistical mechanics.

Volume is a degree of occupied three-dimensional space. it's far more frequently quantified numerically the usage of SI-derived gadgets or by way of diverse imperial gadgets. The definition of length is interrelated with the extent.

An ideal gas is described as one for which both the extent of molecules and forces between the molecules are so small that they have got no effect on the behavior of the gas. The real gas that acts almost like a really perfect gasoline is helium. that is due to the fact helium, in contrast to maximum gases, exists as an unmarried atom, which makes the van der Waals dispersion forces as low as viable

Using the ideal gas equation:-

Given;

PV = nRT

T = PV/nR

    = 3.77 ×  2.65 / 0.43 × 8.314

    = 2.79 K

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