Which statement correctly describes a chemical
reaction at equilibrium?

A.
B.
C.
D
The concentrations of the products and
reactants are equal.
The concentrations of the products and
reactants are constant.
The rate of the forward reaction is less than
the rate of the reverse reaction.
The rate of the forward reaction is greater
than the rate of the reverse reaction.

The molarity of potassium acetate in a solution made by adding 50 ml of 2.00 m nitric acid with enough water to make 450.0 ml of solution is 0.22 mol/L.

A chemical species' concentration in a solution, specifically the amount of a solute per unit volume of solution, is measured by its molar concentration. The number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm³ in SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity in chemistry.

We know that, M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

Here, M₁ =?

          V₁ = 450 mL

          M₂ = 2 M

          V₂ = 50 mL

M₁ × 450 = 2 × 50

M₁ = 100/450

M₁ = 0.22 mol / L

Thus, we need 0.22 mol/L of potassium acetate in a solution made by adding 50 ml of 2.00 m nitric acid with enough water to make 450.0 ml of solution.

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The concentration of acetic acid in the solution is 0.257 M.

The concentration of acetic acid in the solution is determined from the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation as follows:

where;

pKa = - log(1.7 * 10⁻⁵)

pKa = 4.77

Equation of reaction: HC₂H₃O₂ (aq) + H₂O(l) --> C₂H₃O₂⁻ (aq) + H₃O⁺ (aq)

From the equation of reaction; [A⁻] = [H₃O⁺]

[H₃O⁺] =  antilog -(pH)

[H₃O⁺] = antilog (-2.68)

[H₃O⁺] = 0.002

[A⁻] = 0.002

[HA] = [A⁻] / antilog of (pH - pKa)

[HA] = [A⁻]  / antilog (2.68 - 4.77)

[HA] = 0.002 / 0.00812

[HA] = 0.257 M

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The percent error of Joe’s results is equal to 10.07 %

The percent error can be described as the difference between the actual value and the measured or approximate value. The percent experiment is used in scientific experiments to check the accuracy of the experimental results.

The mathematical formula of the percent error can be represented as:

Percentage error = (Measured value - Exact value)/Exact value] ×100

Given, the volume measured by Joe = 60.1 ml

The actual volume of the object = 54.6 ml

The percent error =  (60.1 - 54.6)/54.6] ×100 = 10.07 %

Therefore, the percentage error of Joe's results is 10.07 %.

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Answer: The s-cis conformer of 1,3-butadiene is less stable than the s-trans conformer as in the s-cis conformer both the CH2 C H 2 groups are facing in the same direction resulting in a sterically crowded structure that leads to repulsion between the hydrogen atoms attached to C1 and C4

Explanation:

The bigger the molar mass, the greater the entropy at room temperature. When looking at the state of matter of objects, entropy generally increases with increasing molecular complexity.

What is entropy ?

Entropy, a measure of a system's thermal energy per unit temperature not available for useful work. Work is obtained from ordered molecular motion, the amount of entropy is also a measure of the molecular disorder or randomness of a system. The concept of entropy gives us deep insight into the direction of spontaneous change in many everyday phenomena. Introduced in 1850 by German physicist Rudolf Clausius, it is the pinnacle of 19th-century physics.

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(a) The balanced chemical equation is -

     NaoH + Hcl - Nacl + H2O

(b)  For the pH before addition of NaoH, we need

pH = log [H+]

     = -log [0.5]

     =-(-0.3)

      =0.3

The pH of the solution before addition of NaoH is 0.3

(c) Mole of NaoH = 0.5 x 10 = 5molar

Mole of Hcl = 0.5 x 20 = 10mili molar

Unreacted moles of Hcl = 10 -5 = 5 moles.

          Total volume = 20 +10 = 30 ml

Molarity = 5 moles / 30ml = 0.166

      pH = -log (0.166) = 0.77

(d) Moles of NaoH = 20 X 0.5 = 10 milli molar.

Therefore, Hcl consumed = 10 milli mole.

pH of water = [H+] = 10^-7 molar.

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T-butyl chloride changes its ppt formed  and color more quickly with ague and an indicator than other chlorides do.

The hydrant A color shift was caused by the addition of AgNO3 when a product like Hl reacted with the acid-base indicator MethyL red. The released chloride ion was found by Agel precipitation at ambient temperature. Both a color change in an indicator and a precipitate format positively confirmed that the reactivity order in both cases is t-butyl chloride > n-butyl chloride. As a result, t-butyl chloride changes its ppt formed  and color more quickly with ague and an indicator than other chlorides do.

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Answer:

Sulphate ion

Explanation:

Zinc will undergoes oxidation. Zn2+ - - > Zn + 2e-

Copper will undergoes reduction. Cu2+ + 2e- - - > Cu

The mass of oxygen present in the emphysema patients' cylinder is 19.64grams.

The ideal gas equation is given by,

PV = nRT

P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the moles of the gas, R is the gas constant and T is the temperature of the gas.

Mole scan be written as,

Moles = mass/molar mass

Molar mass of oxygen is 16 g/mol.

Here, the volume of the gas is 3 L and the pressure of the gas is 10atm. The temperature of the gas is 298 degrees Kelvin.

Putting the values,

3 x 10 = mass/16 x 0.082 x 298

Mass = 3 x 10/298 x 16/0.082

Mass = 19.64 grams.

The mass of oxygen in the cylinder is 19.64 grams.

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A aggregate response is a response wherein  or greater materials integrate to shape a unmarried new substance. Combination reactions also can be referred to as synthesis reactions. The standard shape of a aggregate response is: A+B→AB.

One aggregate response is  factors combining to shape a compound. When  or greater reactants integrate with every different to shape a brand new product it's miles referred to as as aggregate response. Combination response is likewise referred to as synthesis response. For instance hydrogen receives mixed with chlorine to from hydro-chloride.

A aggregate response is a response wherein  reactants integrate to shape one product. Oxygen and the halogens are very reactive factors and are probable to go through aggregate reactions with different factors.

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Not enough data is given and i cant find a similar question.

The option A is correct , Firstly electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy via chemical energy.

The force generated by an engine powered by electricity is what propels an electric vehicle forward. These automobiles feature an original and useful design in addition to being environmentally friendly.

What is the operation of electric cars is that the electrical energy is supplied to the engine, which uses electromagnetic interactions to convert it into mechanical energy.

Energy transformations is the process of a type of energy form transforming into a new form of energy

When they enter a magnetic field, the conductive material inside them moves, and the electric current then passes through it.

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a) Neutrons or protons are the particles that have an impact on the stability of the atom.

b) Electrons are the particles that have no impact on the stability of the atom.

When an element's atoms have excess neutrons or protons, the extra energy produced in the nucleus causes the atom to lose its equilibrium or become unstable.

Whether or not an atom's outermost shell is filled with electrons determines how stable the atom is. The molecule is stable if the outer layer is full. To attain stability, vacant outer shell atoms often form chemical interactions with other atoms.

Radioactivity is the capacity of some unstable atoms to spontaneously release nuclear radiation, often in the form of alpha and beta particles associated with gamma rays. The nucleus of an atom might become unstable if there are too many neutrons or protons present.

By ejecting other particles, such as neutrons and protons, or by emitting radiation in a variety of ways, a radioactive atom will attempt to become stable. Thus, the atom's electrons are the only internal particle that has no impact on the atom's stability.

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Answer:

atom1:1s22s22p63s23p2

The electron dot structure of diatomic nitrogen is N≡N.

The electron dot structure of the nitrogen molecule is attached

The atomic number = 7

Chemical symbol = N

Type of bond = Triple bond

Group = 5A

Total number of valance electrons = 5

Lewis structure:

Therefore the electron dot structure is N≡N.

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Hexane is initially employed as the eluting solvent to remove the bibenzyl. The bibenzyl will be eluted first because the nonpolar molecule is particularly soluble in hexane (a nonpolar solvent) .

A mixture in chemistry is a material comprised of two or more separate chemical elements mixed together in a certain proportion. Chemical connections that are challenging to break are created when the components interact with one another. These bonds result in the development of atoms sharing or trading electrons.

Pure components and compounds can be found in nature. A element is formed up of many elements in a predetermined ratio, as opposed to an element, which is a substance comprised of the same sort of atoms.

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A student observed a sperm cell using a microscope at magnification of x400 and sperm cell image measured 22 mm long then the actual size is = 55 μm.

A simple microscope produces an image of the object upon which the microscope is focused whereas magnification is the ability to make small objects seem larger such as making a microscopic organism also visible. Ability to distinguish two objects from each other is called as resolution

As we know that, 1 mm = 1000 μm.

So, 22mm = 22000 μm

Magnification of x400 given

We can calculate, Actual size = image size / magnification.

 = 22000/400

Actual size = 55 μm

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Answer:

because ethanol is polar

Explanation:

polar dissolves in polar. Ethanol has a hydroxyl(-OH) functional group in it.

Due to the presence of a bond between electronegative atom oxygen and hydrogen, the O-H bond acquires polarity.

Hence, due to the presence of polarity in O-H bond, it forms a Hydrogen bond with water which is responsible for the responsibility of ethanol in water.

Answer:

how are you doing, please kindly help me with my homework

The temperature of ethanol is 354 ⁰C if the standard enthalpy of vaporization is 39 kjmol⁻¹ and the standard entropy of vaporization is 110 j/k

The change in entropy is  calculated as:

ΔS = ΔH/T

Here,

ΔS is change in entropy

ΔH is the enthalpy

T is the temperature

We have,

ΔS = 110 j/k

ΔH = 39 kjmol⁻¹ = 39000 jmol⁻¹

Therefore,

T = ΔH/ΔS

T = 39000/110

Hence, the temperature of ethanol is T = 354 ⁰C

Entropy is the amount of available energy equal to the thermal energy of a system per unit temperature. Evaporative entropy is the ratio of the heat of vaporization to the heat of boiling. The standard entropy of vaporization of ethanol is +115 J/mol.K.

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No, we cannot say that if the IR spectrum is recorded for 2 samples using the same sampling method then the resulting IR spectra are not identical.

             Because, in general, it means they have the same functional groups but do not that they have the same chemical compound, different molecules have the same functional groups and stereochemistry is not taken into consideration so these compounds can be enantiomers.

The distinction between a carboxylic acid and a ketone using the IR spectroscopy method is that both compounds have C=O but the ketone does not have OH stretch and distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone using spectroscopy method that compounds have C=O stretch but aldehyde should have C-H stretches between the carbonyl carbon and the aldehydic Hydrogen.

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When we add 20% NaOH to our hexane diamine which is in aqueous phase, Option C. nylon to neutralize the HCl formed.

The NaOH reacts with the HCl to shape salt and water. This prevents the HCl from inflicting facet reactions, along with the viable addition of HCl to a C=C if one is gift inside the molecule.

The response of adipoyl chloride with 1,6-hexanediamine to shape Nylon 6,6 is used on this test. Nylon 6,6 is consequently a copolymer made by the chemical mixture of specific monomers.The two answers aren't miscible so the reaction can most effective occur on the interface.

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To vaporize 43.0 g of water, more heat needs to be given as a input for the heat of fusion of water is 79.7 cal/g and the heat of vaporization is 540 cal/g.

The necessary thermal/heat energy input is:

Q ( heat) = (mass of water)(heat of phase transition)

Given: Heat of fusion is 79.72 cal/g

So, heat needed to be supplied to melt solid ( ice) to water is +79.72 cal/g

Similarly, to freeze water to ice ( reverse of fusion), the same heat must be released, that is, heat of freezing = ( - 79.72) cal/g

Heat of vaporisation is 540 cal/g

So, 540 cal/g of heat must be supplied to vaporise water.

And heat change when steam condenses is – 540 cal/g ( - sign implies heat is released).

The question asks for input of energy. So, the corresponding heat change must be positive.  Thus, the possible processes are melting and vaporizing.

To vaporize 43.0 g of water, total heat needed to be supplied = (43.0 g )(540 cal/g) = 23220 cal

To melt 380 g of ice: (380 g)(79.72 cal/g) = 30096 cal

So, to vaporize 43.0 g of water, more heat needs to be given

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Dilute solution is the best method to get the final volume and concentration as we need.

Dilution is "the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution by simply adding more solvent to the solution, eg. water." To dilute a solution, add solvent without adding solute. Adding water to a concentrated solution to achieve the required concentration is a common way to create a solution of a specific concentration. Dilution is the technical term for this process. Dilution can also be achieved by mixing high and low concentration solutions. Stock solutions are often purchased and stored at high concentrations, requiring dilution of the solution as a laboratory procedure. Solutions must be accurately diluted to known low concentrations prior to laboratory use.

Dilution Formula

Dilution is the process of adding solvent to a solution to reduce the concentration of solutes.

molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution

moles of solute = (molarity)(liters of solution)

moles of solute = MV

The initial and final conditions are expressed numerically,

M₁V₁= M₂V₂

In form of concentration equation will write as C₁V₁= C₂V₂

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The lowest energy of a light-photon that may split a hydrogen molecule is 7*10-19J. The energy of a quantum of light is known as a photon. Light is both a wave and a particle, according to its dual nature.

The light-photon or quanta of light are other names for the light particle. The most basic molecule is a hydrogen molecule. Electrostatic forces hold together its two protons and two electrons, which are bound together. The assemblage can exist at various energies, similar to atomic hydrogen. both para- and orthohydrogen. The energy that is equal to the minimum amount of light-photon energy is equal to the bond energy of the hydrogen molecule molecule, according to the energy diagram of hydrogen as a function of atomic separation.

Light photon energy at the minimum is 7*10-19 J.

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Answer: convection

Explanation:

The (m/m%) concentration of ethanol is the solution is 5.55%.

The density of the solution is given to be 1.20 g/ml. The volume of the solution is 750 ml.

We know,

Density = mass/volume

Mass of solution = Density of solution x Volume of solution

Mass of solution = 1.2 x 750

Mass of solution = 900 grams.

The mass of solute, ethanol is 50 grams.

So, (m/m%) of ethanol is,

(m/m%) of ethanol = Mass of ethanol/mass of solution x 100

(m/m%) of ethanol = 50/900 x 100

(m/m%) of ethanol = 5.55%.

So, the (m/m%) of ethanol is 5.55%.

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The given electronic configuration is of Potassium.

The electron configuration in atomic physics and quantum chemistry refers to the arrangement of electrons in orbitals around an atomic nucleus or the distribution of electrons within an atom or molecule.

One orbital can house a maximum of two electrons, and there are four different types of orbitals (s, p, d, and f). More electrons can be held in the p, d, and f orbitals since they contain various sub levels.

Thus, the given atomic configuration is 1s²,2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p⁶4s¹.

by counting the number of electrons present in orbitals we can find out the atomic number of the atom because ,

no of electrons present = atomic number

thus, no of electrons = 2+2+6+2+6+1=19

the element with atomic number 19 is potassium.

thus, the given electronic configuration is of potassium.

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The empirical formula of hydroxylamine is Nitrogen 1, Hydrogen 3 and oxygen 1 (N1H3O1).

To find the empirical formula, we must first figure out the amount of oxygen present, which is equal to 100 minus the percentages of nitrogen and hydrogen present. Combining the values gives us the following outcome: The amount of oxygen present is expressed as 100 minus 42.41 and 9.15, which equals 48.44. Nitrogen is 42.41, contains 9.15 percent hydrogen, and has 48.44 percent oxygen. The smallest amount will be shared. When divided by 3.0275 and 3.0229, respectively, the least nitrogen value will equal nearly 1, which is nitrogen. 9.15 divided by 3.0275 = 3, and 3.0275 divided by 3.0275 equals 1 for oxygen and hydrogen. The nitrogen concentration in this instance is 1. 3. 1 points are needed to compare hydrogen to oxygen.

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All the three phases (solid, liquid, gas) of matter make up the atmosphere.

Phases are also known as state - states of matter or phases of matter. There are generally three states of matter - Solid, liquid, and gases.

             Among all three gases have the lowest density as they have the weakest intermolecular forces. If gases are put in a container, then they fill up the entire volume of the container. In gases, the molecules are constantly moving and getting replaced by other gas particles.

      In contrast to gases, the liquids have relatively higher intermolecular forces and are relatively dense and incompressible. In liquid we can determine the viscosity that is - the rate at which they flow.

      Solids are relatively dense, rigid and have highest intermolecular force unlike liquids and solid. In solids, the molecules are compactly packed, hence preventing the molecules from moving from its place.

Complete question: -

Matter can be broadly described as a solid, liquid, or gas. (There are more exotic states, including plasma, but we will ignore them for now.) In which phase of matter is the material that makes up the atmosphere? A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. All of these

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