The one difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is that only eukaryotic cells have specialized organelles enclosed in membranes.
The single membrane layer surrounds the prokaryotic cells but there are two surrounding membranes in the case of eukaryotic cells which are the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane. The cell wall in the plasma membrane is made up of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and certain amino acids, whereas chitin and cellulose combine together to make up the cell wall of eukaryotic cells. The cell membrane of the prokaryotic cells contains the Respiratory enzyme while the cell membrane of the eukaryotic doesn't contain this enzyme. In prokaryotic cells, endocytosis and exocytosis do not occur and it takes place in many protists and also in animals.
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how is the basic functioning of enzymes affected by its shape, active sites and interaction with specific molecules and the environment?
If the enzyme changes, the active site could no liaised to the right substrate, resulting in a slower rate of reaction. Temperature and pH fluctuations will ultimately cause enzyme to denature.
Enzymes aid in the facilitation of biological processes in our body. Everything from respiration to digestion is aided by them. Too little too much of a particular enzyme might cause health concerns. Some persons with chronic diseases may require enzyme multivitamin supplements their bodies function properly.
Enzymes aid in the acceleration of chemical processes within the body. They are required for breathing, digestion, muscle contraction, and hundreds of other functions. Thousands of enzymes are found in each cell of the human body. Enzymes aid in the facilitation of chemical processes within each cell.
The function of enzymes is to carry out critical tasks. These involve muscle growth, removing toxins, and tearing down the molecules in food throughout digestion.
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the physical symptoms of cholera present only after a specific series of events has taken place. what is the most likely sequence of events in the pathogenesis of v. cholera
Cholera spreads via the fecal-oral pathway. The most likely progression of events in the pathogenesis of V. cholera:
The oral-fecal route is how cholera is spread. Since they are susceptible to acid, most vibrio's pass away in the stomach. Virulent organisms that survive may stick to and colonize the small intestine, where they release the strong cholera enterotoxin (CT, also known as "choleragen") that causes cholera. This toxin attaches to the intestinal epithelial cells' plasma membrane and releases an enzyme-active component that increases the generation of cyclic adenosine 51-monophosphate (cAMP). Electrolytes and water are secreted in large quantities into the intestinal lumen as a result of the elevated intracellular cAMP level and cause diarrhea.
1 V. cholerae is ingested via contaminated water.
2 V. cholerae reaches the intestine after surviving transit through the stomach.
3 Cholerae cling to pili.
4 Cholera toxin is produced by V. cholerae.
5 A profuse, watery diarrhea is caused by the destruction of the host intestinal cells.
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which of the following choices correctly pairs a part of the digestive tract with a nutrient digested there? group of answer choices
The small intestine absorbs most of the nutrients in food.
The majority of the nutrients in your meal are absorbed in your small intestine before being transported by your circulatory system to other areas of your body for storage or utilization. A special type of cell helps nutrients pass through the gut lining and into the circulation. Simple sugars, amino acids, glycerol, certain vitamins, and salts are transported to the liver by your blood. When necessary, your liver processes, stores, and distributes nutrients to the rest of your body.
Fatty acids and vitamins are absorbed by the lymph system, a system of capillaries that transports white blood cells and a fluid called lymph throughout the body to fight infection.
The body creates the molecules required for energy, growth, and cell repair using sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol.
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which disorder results from obstruction and distention of a lumen, causing decreased blood flow, ischemia, and bacterial invasion?
The condition is caused by the occlusion and abdominal distension of a lumens, which results in reduced blood flow, ischemic, and bacterial invasion is known as Appendix.
Appendiceal lumen occlusion is frequently the etiology of appendicitis. This may result from an appendicolith (appendix stone). The precise cause of acute pancreatitis is frequently unknown. Bacteria accumulate in the appendix as a result of obstruction of the appendiceal lumen, resulting in acute inflammation, perforation, and abscess formation. Despite being necessary, lymphoid hyperplasia causes swelling, localised ischemic, perforation, and the formation of a confined abscess or a true perforation with subsequent peritonitis.Appendicitis is brought on by an obstruction results in small vessel occlusion, lymphatic stasis, and a rise in luminal and intramural pressure. When blocked, the appendix begins to swell and fill with mucus. As lymph and vascular damage progresses, the appendix wall turns ischemic and necrotic. The restricted space then experiences bacterial overgrowth.
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"the most common form of human multiple birth is twins but cases of triplets,quadruplets,quintuplets,sextuplets,septuplets,and octuplets have all been recorded with all being born alive".how are they born?
Answer:
the uterus expands depending on the size or sizes of the baby or babies the babies will most likely live but the mother would be in great pain
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation: The most common are strictly fraternal triplets, which come from a polyzygotic pregnancy of three eggs. Less common are triplets from a dizygotic pregnancy, where one zygote divides into two identical fetuses, and the other does not. Least common are identical triplets, three fetuses from one egg.
Construct a flowchart to describe the process by which a foreign gene is inserted into the genome
Genome editing is the process by which a foreign gene is inserted into the genome.
What is the process of inserting foreign genes into an organism?Animals given new genes by this method are called "transgenic." Their new genes are usually passed on to their progeny. These foreign genes can be conveyed, that is, make their protein products, which can consult new characteristics on the animal.
When foreign DNA is initiated into an organism, it is called a genetically modified organism or transgenic organism. It is inserted with the help of vectors into the receiver organism. It then becomes an integral part of the host's genome like other indigenous genes, due to recombination.
So we can conclude that A transgenic, or genetically modified organism is one that has been altered through recombinant DNA technology.
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portion of an rna molecule that dose not contain information for making a protein and is removed prior to the rna molecule leaving the nucleus
Explanation:
exons.
exons are the uncoding part of RNA which is removed to form mature RNA.
Which choice best describes the main purpose of light-dependent reactions?
Explanation:
generate electron carriers and some ATP.
describe how the antidote helped jared's cells make atp (include the etc and h gradient in your answer).
The antidote helped Jared's cells make ATP again as the antidote changes cyanide into thiocyanate which his body can remove in his urine.
What is urine?
As it travels through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney, urea, along with water and other waste products, creates the urine. both ureters. From the kidneys to the bladder, urine travels through these tiny tubes.
Explain how cyanide changes into thiocyanate?With the aid of the hepatic enzyme rhodanese, cyanide can be converted into thiocyanate in tiny dosages. Urine then excretes thiocyanate. A tiny amount of cyanide can also be changed into carbon dioxide, which the body exhales to escape the body. However, before adding cyanide, boiling the alkaline cystine solutions improves their ability to produce thiocyanate. Evidently, the potassium cyanide is converted to thiocyanate by the oxidation of the sulfur released during the alkaline breakdown of cystine (labile S).
Thus from above conclusion we can say that the antidote helped Jared's cells make ATP again as the antidote changes cyanide into thiocyanate which his body can remove in his urine.
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Which of the following best describes the features of an ocean ridge?
A. Ocean ridges have steep slopes and a crater.
B. Ocean ridges have gentle slopes and only span a small distance.
C. Ocean ridges have steep slopes and can span a large distance.
D. Ocean ridges have gentle slopes and a crater.
The correct answer about the best description of ocean ridges characteristics from the options above is:
Ocean ridges have steep slopes and can span a large distance.
The answer is option c
What is meant by ocean ridges?Ocean ridges can simply be defined as those submarine mountain chains resulting from the ocean floor rising. That being said, these ocean ridges appear to girdle the earth.
Generally speaking, there are four major types of ocean ridges. These are as follows:
Feacture-zone ridgesSpreading-center ridgesBasaltic-volcanic ridgesIsland arc ridges.In conclusion, it can be deduced from the explanation above that ocean ridges have steep slopes and can span a large distance
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Used within animal cells to help the cell divide?
Answer:
Every animal-like cell has two small organelles called centrioles. They are there to help the cell when it comes time to divide. They are put to work in both the process of mitosis and the process of meiosis.
Explanation:
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the effect on ocean acidification on marine life such as such as phytoplankton algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates -
The overall effect of ocean acidification on marine life is habitats are in danger of extinction. Due to increase CO2 concentration and decrease O2 in ocean water.
The general rise in Earth's temperature, especially as a result of global warming and other factors, is what causes the oceans' temperature to rise.
The solubility of oxygen decreases as water temperature, in this example ocean temperature, rises. This is due to the higher kinetic energy of oxygen molecules, which allows them to move out of the solution or body of water. In general, this implies that the diversity of marine life would decrease as the oxygen level would decrease and carbon dioxide levels increased. Due to ore CO2 dissolving in water, it makes the water acidic.
Acidification has the following consequences on the marine environment:
1. Species' shells and skeletons are dissolving as the acidity of the environment rises.
2. The increased acid content in the ocean reduces the organisms' capacity to calcify.
3. Not able to stay healthy in acidic water.
4. For some fish species are not able to find food.
Therefore, the increase in acidity will result in dangers and the extinction of species.
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The Opossum, which eats small snakes and berries alike, can fall under which categories within the food web feeding levels? Check all that apply.
A. Producer
B. Primary Consumer
C. Secondary Consumer
D. Tertiary Consumer
agarose is a polysaccharide polymer that is used for electrophoresis. polyacrylamide is a more porous or highly cross-linked gel that provides a higher resolution of smaller fragments and single-stranded molecules. what is the health concern with its powder form?
The powder form of polyacrylamide is neurotoxic in nature.
Polyacrylamide is a polymer of Acrylamide (ACR).
At room temperature, acrylamide (ACR) is a crystalline solid with the chemical formula C3H5NO and a molecular weight of 71.08. ACR is used in a variety of chemical and industrial processes in its monomeric form, which is a water-soluble powder.
Acrylamide (ACR) monomer is neurotoxic in humans and laboratory animals. This chemical's subchronic exposure results in neuropathies, numbness in the hands and feet, aberrant gait patterns, muscular weakness, ataxia, skin changes, and, in rare cases, cerebellar changes. Because of damage to the nerve terminal caused by membrane fusion processes and tubulovesicular changes, Acrylamide (ACR) neurotoxicity primarily affects the peripheral but also the central nervous system.
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in a population of 100 individuals, we have 25 people that are homozygous aa, 50 people that are heterozygous aa, and 25 people that are homozygous aa. how many a alleles are in the homozygous aa group? assuming that the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, match the frequency of the homozygous aa genotype to the appropriate part of the hardy-weinberg equilibrium equation.
The frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa to the relevant part of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation is 2pq.
If there is a population of 100 individuals and we have a cross between two heterozygous individuals i.e. Aa × Aa A aA AA Aaa Aa
aawe, we see that the proportion of offspring is: AA = 1/4
which corresponds to 25% of Aa = 2/4
which corresponds to 50% of aa = 1/4
which equals 25% Now,
in solving the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium There are two equations.
p + q = 1p² + 2pq + q² = 1
where: p² exists as the frequency of an individual with a homozygous dominant genotype (AA) = 25%2 pq as the frequency of an individual with a heterozygous genotype
(Aa) = 50%q² exists as the frequency of an individual with a homozygous recessive genotype(aa) = 25%So the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa to the relevant part of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation is 2pq.
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What organ system in the human body contains the pituitary gland, hypothalamus gland, and thyroid gland?.
Answer:
endocrine system
Explanation:
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the pedigrees of the european royal families show that queen victoria's daughters carried hemophilia, which had important consequences in european history. what are the consequences of hemophilia?
Joint bleeding that can cause discomfort and persistent joint disease Head and occasionally brain bleeding, which can lead to long-term issues like seizures and paralysis.
What outcome of untreated haemophilia is most likely?Frequent internal bleeding, if left untreated, can lead to arthritis or joint degeneration. Infection. Human blood-derived clotting factors used to treat haemophilia increase the risk of viral infections like hepatitis C.
What is the most typical haemophilia complication?Joint Injury. Joint arthritis is the most frequent haemophilia consequence. A joint is where two bones come together. Hemophiliacs occasionally bleed into the joint space for no obvious reason or after an accident.
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Blood flows from the renal artery into the interlobar arteries then into the ______ arteries, which then branch into the afferent arterioles.
The interlobar arteries are the first places where blood enters after leaving the renal artery.
How do interlobular arteries and veins exchange blood?Afferent arterioles flow into the interlobular arteries that feed into the glomeruli through each arcuate artery. The blood passes through a tiny network of venules that converge into interlobular veins once filtering has taken place.
How do the interlobar veins send blood to the inferior vena cava?Interlobar vessels allow arcuate veins to exit the renal parenchyma and converge into four to six trunks close to the kidney's hilum (Fig. 64.2). The primary renal veins discharge into the inferior vena cava; the left renal vein is three times longer than the right (7.5 cm versus 2.5 cm).
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In considering the water quality in and around the U. S. , the EPA analyzes critical chemical and physical states: oxygen, nutrients, pH, salinity, other chemicals and temperature, light, and hydrology including rainfall, flow rates, and sea level. All BUT ONE could be a pressure that results in the changes in chemical and physical states
Wastewater and fertilizer runoff can cause the changes in the EPA analyzes chemical and physical states. So option (c) is the correct answer.
Factors such as temperature, pH, electrochemical potential (redox), and air and water clarity can affect the chemical and physical properties of ecosystems. This is due to activities such as climate change, water pollution and changes in water runoff.
Sewage and fertilizer runoff reduce dissolved oxygen levels in water, affecting biotic communities and circulatory systems, leading to changes in chemical and physical conditions.
An EPA method for the analysis of 16 dissolved and total recoverable elements in a variety of water bodies, sediments, soils and sludges. The EPA method is a widely used performance-based guide for the analysis of 31 trace elements in groundwater, soils, sediments and solid wastes.
Complete question:
In considering the water quality in and around the U. S. , the EPA analyzes critical chemical and physical states: oxygen, nutrients, pH, salinity, other chemicals and temperature, light, and hydrology including rainfall, flow rates, and sea level. All BUT ONE could be a pressure that results in the changes in chemical and physical states
a) changes in sea level
b) water used for cooling purposes
c) wastewater and fertilizer runoff
d)eutrophication of bodies of water
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what is the name of the compound in the weed killer that many suspect is linked to non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl)?
Glyphosate is the compound in the weed killer that many suspect is linked to non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl).
What is Glyphosate?An pesticide called glyphosate is used to manage weeds and grasses. It serves as the primary ingredient in a variety of herbicides, including the well-known Roundup. Since 1974, glyphosate has been approved for use as a pesticide in the United States. It is also widely used in many other nations around the world. Weed killers and herbicides both use the term glyphosate as an active ingredient.
Glyphosate is a phosphonic acid created when the amino group of glycine reacts with the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid. The enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase is the only one that this herbicide targets (EPSPS).
A broad-spectrum herbicide is glyphosate. It cannot, therefore, be used to kill particular weeds or plants. Instead, it obliterates the majority of the area's broadleaf vegetation.
The mechanism of action of glyphosate is the inhibition of a plant enzyme involved in the synthesis of the three amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.
Only a very small amount of glyphosate is absorbed into plants' roots; most of it enters through the leaves. Consequently, only grass and weeds that are actively growing can be killed by glyphosate. It is unable to prevent seeds from ever germination.
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the nutritive seed tissue that enhances the efficiency of food storage in the seeds of flowering plants is known as
The nutritive seed tissue that enhances the efficiency of food storage in the seeds of flowering plants is known as the endosperm.
The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants following double fertilization. It surrounds the embryo and gives nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also carry oils and protein.
There are three types of endosperm:
Nuclear: Primary endosperm nuclear division and subsequent nuclear divisions do not occur at the same time as the cell wall formation in nuclear endosperms.
Cellular: Nuclear divisions and cell wall development occur simultaneously in cellular endosperms and the endosperm has a cellular shape from the beginning.
Helobial: The cell wall is placed between the first two nuclei in this type of endosperm formation.
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nflammation of a lymph vessel is: group of answer choices lymphocytosis. lymphadenitis. lymphangitis. lymphocytopenia.
Inflammation of a lymph vessel is lymphangitis.
Lymphangitis and lymphadenitis are common bacterial infection that is usually caused by hemolytic streptococci or S aureus they generally from an infected wound, cellulitis, or an abscess.
Lymphangitis is an infection of the lymphatic channels. lymphangitis can also be caused by parasitic infection filariasis or mycobacterial infection, they affect the area by causing swelling in common lymph nodes areas. lymphangitis is red streaks were reddish stripes is visible from the injury site to areas where you have a lot of lymph glands.
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If a woman is homozygous for red hair and her husband is homozygous for brown hair, what is the probability that they will have a redheaded child?
A. 0%
B 100%
c. 50%
To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to homozygous. Therefore, 0% is the probability that they will have a redheaded child. The correct option is option A.
What is homozygous?Having identical genes for only one attribute is what is meant by being homozygous. Additionally, an allele denotes a single distinct variant of a gene.
Since it is unknown which characteristic is recessive. If we think of brown hair as the dominant characteristic, denoted by R, and red hair as the recessive trait, signified by R. Dad is RR, while mom is RR. All offspring will be heterozygous since they will all be Rr. The likelihood of producing a kid having red hair from either the original parents is thus 0%.
Therefore, 0% is the probability that they will have a redheaded child. The correct option is option A.
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The first step in the proton-proton chain produces an antielectron, or positron. What happens to the positron?.
An antielectron, or positron, is created in the proton-proton chain's first phase. When it collides with an ordinary electron, it quickly transforms into energy, causing matter-antimatter annihilation.
The opposite of an electron is a proton. The primary distinction between them and electrons is their positive charge. Positrons are created during the decay of nuclides that have more protons than neutrons in their nucleus. These radionuclides release a neutrino and a positron when they decay.
With the exception of having the opposite charge and spin, antimatter particles are almost similar to their counterparts in matter. When antimatter and matter collide, they instantly disintegrate into energy.
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Which allele will be expressed when both
a dominant and recessive allele are
present in an organism?
A. dominant only
B. recessive only
C. the two alleles will mix
Answer:
A. Dominant only
Explanation:
A dominant allele needs to be present in only one gene (so in the gene Qq, only Q would be present)
However, in order for a recessive allele to be present, it needs to have two genes (so in the gene qq, the recessive gene would be present)
What type of hormones use second messengers in a cascade of reactions that trigger a cell response?.
G-protein use second messengers in a cascade of reactions that trigger a cell response
Understanding G-protein
G protein plays a role in managing the initial (extracellular) signal received by the receptor and then forwarding it into the cell (intracellular) which triggers the activation of cellular responses, namely effector proteins that play a role in various cell responses such as development, growth, hormone regulation, et al. The scalar here refers to the role of the on/off G protein in managing signal transduction.
This protein is a push button located next to a specific protein receptor on the cell, this protein can trigger the activation of a protein (effector protein) such as an enzyme. The G protein is able to bind to the guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP) molecule, the message it carries is a specific signal transduction. The first activation is able to produce effector proteins that will later form the second messenger (second message), the second message can forward the first message to carry out an intracellular response, for example a common effector protein such as adenylyl cylase can produce cAMP as a second message. Other second messages include inositol phosphate and calcium ions.
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the layer of soil bound by the mucigel and root hairs and containing microorganisms and sloughed off cells of the root cap is called the
Rhizosphere refers to the layer of soil that is bound by root hairs and mucigel, and which also contains microorganisms and cells that have shed off the root cap.
What purposes do microbes serve?Applications. Microorganisms are useful in the production of food, the treatment of waste water, the production of biofuels, and the synthesis of numerous compounds and enzymes. As model organisms, they are extremely useful in study. They have been turned into weapons and sporadic bioterrorism
Which microbe holds the most significance?Most Significant Microbe You've Never Seen Of A microbe called Prochlorococcus is responsible for producing one of every six breaths you take. The most numerous organism on Earth is a small bacterium, though.
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a triplet of bases in a template strand of dna is gat. what would be the corresponding codon for mrna?
The corresponding codon for mRNA is CTU.
The template strand is the strand of DNA from which mRNA is synthesized. The coding or non-template strand is the DNA strand that is complementary to the template strand. It has the same sequence as mRNA. The DNA strand that serves as the template for RNA has the base sequence AGCTTCGA. Although DNA is double-stranded, only one strand at a time serves as the template for transcription.
This template strand is called the non-coding strand. The non-template strand is called the coding strand because its sequence is the same as that of the new RNA molecule. mRNA is normally translated by a series of ribosomes about 100 to 200 nucleotides apart. A group of ribosomes attached to an mRNA molecule is called polyribosomes or polysomes. Each ribosome within a group functions independently to synthesize a separate polypeptide chain.
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What do you notice about the empirical formulas of monosaccharides glucose fructose galactose and disaccharides sucrose
The empirical formula of disaccharides: The general chemical formula of disaccharides is C12H22O11.
What is the empirical formula?
The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a chemical molecule is its empirical formula. Sulfur monoxide's empirical formula, SO, and disulfur dioxide's empirical formula, S2O2, are two straightforward examples of this idea. The empirical formula is typically applied to simply display the components of a molecule. When one wants to quickly identify the elements they are working with, this is helpful. When you want to know how many atoms of each element are present in the compound, the molecular formula is the most helpful.
The empirical formula of glucose: Cx(H2O)n, where n is an integer ranging from 3 to 9.
The empirical formula of disaccharides: The general chemical formula of disaccharides is C12H22O11.
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Are Africanized honey bees a direct or indirect threat?
Africanized honey bees are Indirect threat.
Honey bees can thrive in herbal or domesticated environments, although they choose to stay in gardens, woodlands, orchards, meadows and different regions where flowering plant life are considerable. Inside their natural habitat, honey bees construct nests inside tree cavities and underneath edges of items to cover themselves from predators.
Bees feed on nectar and pollen amassed by means of foragers — older worker bees with beefy flight muscle tissues. Some foragers gather nectar, which they store in an elastic pouch in the gut called a “honey belly”; others gather pollen grains, packing them in “baskets” on their rear legs.
Queen honey bees stay on average 1–2 years whereas employees stay on average 15–38 days within the summer and one hundred fifty–two hundred days in the iciness.
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