Electron transfer pumps protons out of the matrix. As the protons reenter through the ATP synthase, ATP is produced in the matrix.
What is meant by electron?A negatively charged subatomic particle known as an electron can either be free or attached to an atom (not bound). One of the three main types of particles within an atom is an electron that is bonded to it; the other two are protons and neutrons.
The words electric and ion are combined to form the word electron. In turn, electron is derived from the suffix -on, which is currently used to describe other subatomic particles, such as a proton or neutron.
The atom is made up of the subatomic particles electron, proton, and neutron. The atom is made up of a core nucleus that has neutrons and protons in it. The electrons that surround the nucleus.. Neutrons are neutral, protons are positively charged, and electrons are negatively charged.
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shaan's urinalysis reveals the presence of a small amount of glucose. this finding will most likely prompt further testing for which of the following?
Glucose in urinalysis measures the amount of glucose in your urine. It may be used as a screening test for diabetes.
Normally, urine contains very little or no glucose. But if you have too much glucose in your blood, your kidneys will get rid of some of the extra glucose through your urine. So, a high level of urine glucose may mean that your blood glucose is usaully high, too, and that could be a sign of diabetes. If your urine glucose level is high, your health care provider will usually order a blood glucose test to help make a diagnosis.
Glucose in urine test measures the amount of glucose in your urine. Glucose is a type of sugar, that is the main source of energy for the cells in your body. Your blood carries glucose to your cells.
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what alkene(s) are formed from the following alkyl halide by an e2 reaction? use the zaitsev rule to predict the major product.
Alkene(s) are formed from the following alkyl halide by an E2 reaction. use the zaitsev rule to predict the major product is given as :
CH₃CH₂CH₂CHClCH₃ -------> CH₃CH₂CH = CHCH₃
The Alkene(s) are formed from the following alkyl halide by an E2 reaction. use the zaitsev rule to predict the major product is pent - 2 - ene. the reaction is given as :
CH₃CH₂CH₂CHClCH₃ -------> CH₃CH₂CH = CHCH₃
2 chloro pentane pent - 2 - ene ( major product)
Thus, Alkene are formed fromed by the reaction of the alkyl halide by an E2 reaction by use the zaitsev rule the major product is given as :
CH₃CH₂CH = CHCH₃
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Salivary amylase is an enzyme in humans that breaks down starch. The optimum ph for this reaction is 6. 7. The rate of this reaction would not be affected by.
The reaction rate of amylase would not be affected by factors (light, etc) except temperature, pH, enzyme and substrate concentration.
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Enzyme are proteins that act as a catalyst in biological reactions. It is capable to speed up the rate of reaction.
The enzyme activity can be affected by a variety of factors : temperature, pH, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration.
In terms of temperature, the fastest rate of reaction occur at optimum temperature (about 40 degrees Celsius).
The rate of enzyme reaction will vary with change of pH. A pepsin enzymes have a lower optimum pH (2), but the optimum pH for most enzyme is 7, for example amylase. Amylase itself is an enzyme to break down starch.
Small changes in pH affect the rate of reaction.
Moreover, increasing the substrate and enzyme concentration will increase the rate of reaction.
Thus, besides the factors which has explained beforehand, will not affect the rate of amylase reaction.
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metal sulfide minerals being chemically broken down by rainwater percolating through mines and piles of waste is called .
It is known as acid mine drainage.
What is acid mine drainage?
Pyrite, an iron sulfide, reacts with air and water to produce sulfuric acid and dissolved iron when it is exposed, which causes mine drainage. In the bottom of streams containing mine drainage, some or all of this iron may precipitate to create red, orange, or yellow sediments.
The benefits
These tried-and-true technologies offer a chemical precipitation solution that effectively scavenges dangerous heavy metals and eliminates over 99.4% of the sulfate content of water, assisting in the reduction of ground and surface water pollution from mines.
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Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, if atmospheric concentrations increased rapidly what is a possible outcome?.
If atmospheric concentration of CO2 is increased it can increase the temperature of the Earth and leads to global warming.
What are greenhouse gases?
A greenhouse gas (GHG or GhG) is a gas that produces the greenhouse effect via absorption and emission of radiant energy in the thermal infrared range. Water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone are the main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the Earth (O3). Without greenhouse gases, the surface of the Earth would typically be roughly 18 °C (0 °F) instead of the current average of 15 °C (59 °F). In addition, greenhouse gases are present in the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, and Titan.
As a result of human activity, especially the burning of fossil fuels, which raises the levels of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, the surface of the planet has been warming over time, as seen since the pre-industrial era (between 1850 and 1900). The terms "climate change" and this one are not synonymous.Hence, if atmospheric concentration of CO2 is increased it can increase the temperature of the Earth and leads to global warming.
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A vessel contains 1 mole of O2 gas (molar mass=32) at temperature T. The pressure of the gas is P. An identical vessel containing one mole of He gas (molar mass=4) at a temperature 2T, has a pressure of
A vessel contains 1 mole of O2 gas (molar mass=32) at temperature T. The pressure of the gas is P. An identical vessel containing one mole of He gas (molar mass=4) at a temperature 2T, has a pressure of 2P.
We understand that : PV=nRT
Here, P 1 =P,V 1 =V 2 =V (as equal vessel extent V is identical for each gas)T 1 =T,T 2 =2T,n 1 =n 2 =1,P 2 =? Thus, P 1 P 2 = T 1 T 2 or PP 2 = T2T ⇒P 2 =2P.T= twice and pressure is also 2.Thus it is 2p.Read more about pressure:
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150.0 mL of a solution containing Ba2+ ions is analyzed by adding 0.18 M Na2SO4 solution until no more precipitate forms. The mass of BaSO4 precipitate obtained is 11.20 g. Select all the options that correctly reflect the steps required to calculate the concentration of Ba2+ in the original solution.- The concentration of Ba2+ is equal to 0.18 M.- The original solution contained 0.0270 moles of Ba2+ ions.- The concentration of Ba2+ ions is equal to 0.320 M.- The molar mass of BaSO4 is 233.4 g/mol.- The original solution contained 4.80 x 10-2 moles of Ba2+.- The concentration of Ba2+ ions is equal to 0.320 M.- The molar mass of BaSO4 is 233.4 g/mol.- The original solution contained 4.80 x 10-2 moles of Ba2+.
The correct option is : The concentration of Ba²⁺ ions is equal to 0.320 M ,
The molar mass of BaSO₄ is 233.4 g/mol, The original solution contained 4.80 x 10⁻² moles of Ba²⁺.
volume of solution = 150.0 mL
concentration of Na₂SO₄ = 0.18 M
mass of BaSO₄ = 11.20 g
molar mass of BaSO₄ = 233.4 g/mol
Thus, 150.0 mL of a solution containing Ba²⁺ ions is analyzed by adding 0.18 M Na₂SO₄ solution until no more precipitate forms. The mass of BaSO₄ precipitate obtained is 11.20 g and the correct options are: The concentration of Ba²⁺ ions is equal to 0.320 M , The molar mass of BaSO₄ is 233.4 g/mol, The original solution contained 4.80 x 10⁻² moles of Ba²⁺.
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a balloon contains 56.0 g of n2 gas at a pressure of 750. mmhg and a temperature of 15.0oc. what is its volume in liters?
The volume is 47.75 L.
By ideal gas law,
PV = nRT
P = pressure, given = 750 mmhg = 0.9 atm
V = volume
n = number of moles, given = 56 / 28 = 2 mol
R = gas constant, given = 0.0821 atm L mol⁻¹ K⁻¹
T = temperature, given = 285 K
Put these values in PV = nRT
V = nRT / P
V = 2 mol × 0.0821 atm L mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ × 285 K / 0.9 atm
V = 47.75 L
Hence, the volume is 47.75 L.
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What energy is chocolate melting in your hand?.
Answer:Thermal Energy
Explanation:The chocolate bar absorbs thermal energy from your hand and starts to melt. This indicates that the chocolate bar is receiving energy from your body (hand), changing its phase from solid to liquid. The chocolate candy you are holding will eventually melt as your body heat releases and causes it to do so.
Is there any chemical changes while melting chocolate in hand?
No, the chocolate do not undergo any chemical changes and can solidify itself when put to room temperature. The melting process is just a simple physical property change of it from the solid state to liquid.
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in which of these molecules or ions does the presence of nonbonding electron pairs produce an effect on molecular shape, assuming they are all in the gaseous state? check all that apply. in which of these molecules or ions does the presence of nonbonding electron pairs produce an effect on molecular shape, assuming they are all in the gaseous state?check all that apply. geh4 pi3 hi hcn scl2
These molecules or ions does the presence of nonbonding electron pairs produce an effect on molecular shape is PI₃, SCl₂.
The nonbonding electron electron pair means the lone pair of electrons. in the GeH₄ there is zero lone pair or non bonding electrons and has the tetrahedral geometry. in PI₃ there one lone pair of electron which produces an effect on shape , shape is trigonal pyramidal. HI has zero lone pair. SCl₂ has 2 lone pair of electrons and this gives SCl₂ a bond angle of 103°.
Thus, These molecules or ions does the presence of nonbonding electron pairs produce an effect on molecular shape is PI₃, SCl₂.
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Estimate the maximum volume of alkene that should be in the distillate when thereaction is completed. Use 0.80 g/mL as the density of the alkene mixture.
we have 18.42ml or 14.43 g of methylcyclohexanol.
The maximum volume of alkane present in the distillate when the reaction is completed is 18.04 mL of alkane.
When the distillation of methylcyclohexanol is done, the product formed after the distillation is
C₇H₁₄O→C₇H₁₂+H₂O
To find out the volume of alkene mixture, we need to use the density formula which is given as
density=mass/volume
Rearrange the formula for volume
volume=mass/density
We have mass of methylcyclohexanol, which is 14.43g and density is 0.80 g/mL. Plug values in the formula
volume=(14.43g×mL/0.80g)
volume=18.0375 mL
volume=18.04 mL
Therefore, the volume of alkane present in the distillate when the reaction of methylcyclohexanol is completed is 18.04 mL.
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Ibuprofen, a common headache remedy, has an empirical formula of c7h9o and a molar mass of approximately 215 g/mol. What is the molecular formula for ibuprofen?.
Ibuprofen is an analgesic and has the molecular formula C14H18O2 based on its empirical formula.
What does a molecular formula mean?The chemical weight is an equation that specifies how many atom of each element there are in a single compound's moleculeIt shows the exact number of atoms in a given molecule. For instance, the molecular formula for propane is C4H10.The given compound has a formula of three - carbon atoms and 9 hydrogen atoms.
The purpose of a molecular formula is what ?A molecule's molecular formula reveals which ions how many of each kind are included within it. No subtitle is used if there is just one molecule of a certain kind. A subscript is added to the symbol for an atom if it contains two and more of a certain type of atom.
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How do you translate a DNA sequence into an amino acid sequence?.
The mRNA is then elicited via the ribosome. When that codon encounters the active site of the ribosome, the mRNA nucleotide sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence and uses the tRNA.
As an adapter append each amino acid in the correct sequence to the end of the growing polypeptide chain. amino acid sequences can be written in either the three-letter code or the one-letter code. One-letter codes always begin with an uppercase letter, so the exact format of the sequence depends on your application.
Translation is the process of converting information passed by DNA as messenger RNA into a series of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. There are two types of translation technology: direct translation technology and indirect translation technology. Direct translation techniques can be used when the elements of the text to be translated are similar in the source and target languages.
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Why is it important for cancer researchers to understand mitosis?.
It is important for cancer researchers to understand mitosis help understand the function of the human cell equivalent of SPBs called centrosomes.
Replicated chromosomes are divided into two new nuclei during the cell cycle phase known as mitosis. Mitosis, a form of cell division, produces genetically identical cells with a preserved chromosome count. As a result, equational division is another name for the mitotic process. Generally speaking, cytokinesis, which splits a cell's cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membrane into two new cells with nearly equal shares of these biological components, and telophase, which frequently follow, precede mitosis (during which DNA replication occurs). [4] The mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle is defined by the several stages of mitosis the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells that are genetically identical to one another.
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Which of the following aspects of electromagnetic radiation best explains why electromagtic radion is both useful and harmful to humans? -can be described in terms of both wavelength and frequency; - travels at the speed of light; - can travel through a vaccum;- is energy and can interact with matter
The correct answer is option A.
Electromagnetic radiation is both useful and harmful to humans because they have both wavelength and frequency.
What are electromagnetic radiations?
A wave that consists of both electric and magnetic radiations is called an electromagnetic radiation.
These waves are also described in terms of having both wavelength and frequency.
In an empty space, these waves move with the speed of light and include gamma rays, radio waves, infrared light, X-rays, and ultraviolet rays.
Due to their high frequency, these waves are high energy waves and are used to inhibit the growth of unnecessary cells inside body but they can also cause damage to healthy cells and body tissues.
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What does it mean if the flame of the Bunsen burner is yellow?.
When the combustion of methane gas will take place when the flame is yellow
There can also be other possibility.
The student can adjust the Bunsen burner by opening the slits for air at the bottom region.
What is a Bunsen burner?
Bunsen burner refers to a gas burner which provides source of heat in the laboratory.
All bunsen burners have slits located at the bottom which are controlled with the aid of a knob. Fuel burns in insufficient air to give out luminous yellow flame . The slit is adjusted to allow more air so as to produce luminous blue flame.
Therefore, the yellow flame of bunsen burner will indicate either the combustion of hydrogen gas or the leakage.
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How can you avoid contamination in the preparation of fish?.
Seafood that has been cooked should not be served on utensils that have previously been used for raw meats or seafood. By doing this, we can keep the processing of fish free of contaminants.
Any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological material or item in water is a "contaminants," according to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Drinking water may theoretically be anticipated to include some pollutants, if not in large levels. At certain concentrations, some pollutants in drinking water may be dangerous to eat. The presence of pollutants does not automatically mean that the water is unsafe to drink.
Depending on whether the contaminant is a solid or a liquid, as well as the type of environment it is found in, the word "contamination" can have a range of subtly different meanings within the sciences. An unwanted energy source that could obstruct a process is an example of an abstract kind of contamination.
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part a in the video, the semipermeable membrane separates the two solutions of different concentrations. watch the video, and identify which of the following statements are correct. check all that apply. view available hint(s)for part a in the video, the semipermeable membrane separates the two solutions of different concentrations. watch the video, and identify which of the following statements are correct.check all that apply. the movement of the solvent particles from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution is known as reverse osmosis. solute particles can move in both directions through the semipermeable membrane. a pressure equal to that of the osmotic pressure will result in reverse osmosis. osmosis occurs when the solvent molecules move from a solution of higher solute concentration to a solution of lower solute concentration. the solvent can ideally move in both directions through the semipermeable membrane.
The solvent can ideally move in both directions through the semipermeable membrane.
The movement of the solvent particles from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution is known as reverse osmosis.
Osmosis is the naturally occurring net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to a region of low water potential in a manner that tends to balance the solute concentrations on the two sides.
Osmosis is the process by which a solvent moves between two solutions with various solute concentrations over a semipermeable membrane. The solvent is transferred from the solution with the lower solute concentration to the solution with the greater solute concentration during osmosis.
When subjected to a hydrostatic pressure larger than the osmotic pressure, reverse osmosis is a process by which a solvent travels through a porous membrane in the direction opposite that of natural osmosis.
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Where is MLA citation used?.
MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used by the Humanities.
In the humanities and liberal arts, the MLA style is often used. The manuscript text and parenthetical citations, often known as in-text citations, are formatted according to MLA standards. It also serves as the structure for the list of references and works cited section at the conclusion of the essay. MLA format prioritizes conciseness and clarity. It is advantageous for you to be familiar with both primary writing formats as a student writer, and this section will define the key components of MLA as well as provide particular instances of frequently used references.
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What is the theory of abiogenesis by Stanley Miller?.
He discovered that perhaps the molecules had started to combine to form more complex compounds. Miller proposed that these molecules may unite to form self-replicating variants, like RNA and DNA, over the course of billions of years.
What was the finding of Stanley Miller's experiment?By replicating the circumstances of the early atmosphere of Earth, biochemists Stanley Miller as well as Harold Urey proved in an experiment from the 1950s that a number of organic chemicals may spontaneously arise.
What made Stanley Miller so well-known?For his demonstration of something like the prebiotic production of organic chemicals, also including amino acids, under simulated primordial Earth circumstances in the context of the beginning of life in the 1950s, Stanley gained international recognition.
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using the vsepr model, the electron geometry of the central atom in no3- is . using the vsepr model, the electron geometry of the central atom in no3- is . trigonal planar trigonal pyramidal tetrahedral bent square pyramidal
Using the VSEPR model, the electron geometry of the central atom in no3- is trigonal planar geometry.
The valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used generally to predict 3-D molecular geometry based on the number of valence shell electron bond pairs among the atoms in a molecule or also in ion. This model assumes that electron pairs will arrange themselves to minimize repulsion effects from one another and then ultimately form a specific geometry.
In the case of NO3-, the trigonal planar geometry is found. The central atom N has no lone pair left, all three bonds count for only one bonding pair each. Also the double bond here counts for only one bonding pair, just like the single bond. From this we can predict that the geometry here is trigonal planar.
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What phase change occurs in drying wet clothes?.
Evaporation is a surface phenomenon. Water from the surface of the wet clothes gets evaporated which causes drying.
What is evaporation ?When a liquid evaporates, it turns into a gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance. This process is known as vaporisation of a liquid. As water vapour leaves the cloth's surface, clothes begin to dry.
The process of drying involves individual water molecules releasing their bonds with the object and each other, and then launching themselves into the air. Therefore, the rate of net evaporation of the liquid water on an object determines how quickly it dries.Learn more about Evaporation here:
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tortured prisoners will say or do anything as not to relive the painful experience. it follows that torture is not a reliable method of interrogation.
The statement 'tortured prisoners will say or do anything as not to relive the painful experience. It follows that torture is not a reliable method of interrogation' is false.
When a criminal or prisoner is expected to have committed a serious crime such as putting the lives of people in danger then in some of these cases the prisoner has to be tortured in order to get information.
Torturing is a reliable method of interrogation of such prisoners because
they would most likely speak the truth in order to not relive the pain of the torture again. For such interrogations, torturing is proved to be reliable. However, care shall be taken to not kill the prisoners at the time of interrogation.
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What are the two sites on an enzyme?.
Allosteric site and active site are the two sites on an enzyme.
Allosteric enzymes are those that have two sites. They are the active site and the allosteric site. A unique effector or modulator can be linked to an allosteric site on an enzyme. This fastening can be reversed. Similar to how active sites relate to substrates, this site has a special connection with modulators. An enzyme's allosteric site is a location where activator or inhibitor molecules can attach to the enzyme to either activate or inhibit enzyme activity.
The areas on the surface of enzymes known as active sites are often designed by nature during the course of evolution to either catalyze a process or bind substrates. Consequently, the active site can be split into two components: the catalytic site and the substrate binding site.
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Please find the conversions
According to the mole concept there are 0.367 moles in 127 g of manganese(II) phosphate.
What is a mole ?Mole is defined as the unit of amount of substance . It is the quantity measure of amount of substance of how many elementary particles are present in a given substance.
It is defined as exactly 6.022×10²³ elementary entities. The elementary entity can be a molecule, atom ion depending on the type of substance. Amount of elementary entities in a mole is called as Avogadro's number.
It is widely used in chemistry as a suitable way for expressing amounts of reactants and products.For the practical purposes, mass of one mole of compound in grams is approximately equal to mass of one molecule of compound measured in Daltons. Molar mass has units of gram per mole . In case of molecules, where molar mass in grams present in one mole of atoms is its atomic mass.
Number of moles in given problem is calculated as, 127/345.76=0.267 moles.
Hence, there are 0.367 moles in 127 g of manganese(II) phosphate.
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What are the 4 step in sanitizing process?.
The four steps in the sanitizing process include cleaning media, disinfecting surface irregularities, rinse surfaces, and enhanced disinfecting.
Why is it crucial to clean and sanitize?Pest infestations can be avoided by regularly cleaning and sterilizing. Your company can keep in compliance with legal requirements regarding food safety by regularly cleaning and sanitizing. Customers and staff are protected by cleaning and sanitizing from health hazards like contaminated food and food allergies.
What does sanitizing accomplish?Sanitizing reduces the amount of bacteria on surface or items to the a safe level as determined by regulations for public health. To reduce the chance of an infection spreading, this method either cleans or disinfects surfaces or objects.
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all of the following are greenhouse gases. which one(s) are particularly good at absorbing infrared light and contributing to the greenhouse effect?
All of the following are greenhouse gases. one(s) are particularly good at absorbing infrared light and contributing to the greenhouse effect is methane.
The greenhouse gases are : carbon dioxide , methane , ozone and nitrous oxide. the most powerful out of these are carbon dioxide and methane gas. the methane is most powerful gas that absorb more heat than the carbon dioxide. methane is the combination the carbon and the four hydrogen atom. methane gas is used as fuel .
Thus, All of the following are greenhouse gases. one(s) are particularly good at absorbing infrared light and contributing to the greenhouse effect is methane.
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how does the trend in electronegativity relate to the general trends in ionization energy and the magnitude of electron affinity?
The trend in electronegativity relate to the general trends in ionization energy and the magnitude of electron affinity is general trends in both ionization energy and the magnitude of electron affinity are the same as the trend in electronegativity.
What is Ionization energy?
Ionization energy can be defined more precisely as the least amount of energy that an electron in a gaseous atom or ion must absorb to escape the nucleus's influence. It is typically an endothermic process and is also sometimes referred to as the ionisation potential.
We can further infer that ionisation energy provides us with a sense of the chemical compounds' reactivity. Using it, one may also gauge the potency of chemical bonding. Either kJ/mol or electronvolts are used to measure it.
Ionization energy can either be adiabatic ionisation energy or vertical ionisation energy, depending on the ionisation of molecules, which frequently results in changes in molecular geometry.
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How many electrons does a full shell of hydrogen have?.
There is 1 electron does a full shell of hydrogen have.
Atoms are most stable and least reactive when their outermost electron shells are full. Most of the elements important in biology require 8 electrons to be stable in the outermost shell, a rule of thumb known as the octet rule. Since hydrogen can only hold a maximum of two valence electrons in its orbitals, each hydrogen atom needs only one electron.
Since all atoms have one valence electron they can split to give each atom two electrons. Group II elements have two electrons in the outermost shell. So magnesium calcium and strontium are three elements with two electrons in the outermost orbitals. A full valence shell is the most stable electronic configuration. Other groups of elements have partially filled valence shells and gain or lose electrons to achieve stable electronic configurations.
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compounds a, b and c each have the formula c6h12. a, b and c each react with one molar equivalent of hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst to form hexane. a reacts with hbr to form a single product d. c reacts with hbr to form a single product e. b reacts with hbr to form a mixture of d and e. what is the structure of b
Structure B is a terminal alkene.
Compounds A, B, and C have the same molecular formula C6H12, So, three compounds have one double bond in their structure,
Compounds A, B, and C reacts with one molar H2 Pd to form hexane. This means all three compounds are straight chain alkenes (i.e. no branching).
Compound-A reacts with HBr to form sigle product-D, It means compound-A must be terminal alkene.
A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a chemical response, or lowers the temperature or pressure needed to begin one, with out itself being consumed in the course of the reaction.
Catalysts speed up a chemical reaction by means of reducing the amount of power you need to get one going. Catalysis is the backbone of many business tactics, which use chemical reactions to turn raw materials into beneficial products.
Catalysts may be labeled as homogeneous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic. Homogeneous catalysts exist within the identical phase because the reactants, whereas heterogeneous catalysts exist in a specific phase than the reactants.
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