The statement that is not true about water is water is a non polar solvent.
What are non-polar solvent?Non-polar solvents are ones that do not contain any partial charges or dipole moments. These solvents are water insoluble. Examples - diethyl ether, hexanes, dichloromethane, chloroform.
Why water is considered as polar solvent?Because of the unequal distribution of its electron density, water is a polar molecule. Water is a polar molecule because of the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and oxygen. Because it can dissolve more compounds than any other liquid, water is regarded as the universal solvent.
The statement that is not true about water is water is a non polar solvent.
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Glucose (C6H12O6) is used as a source of energy by the human body. The overall unbalanced chemical equation is:
C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Calculate the number of grams of oxygen gas needed to oxidize 12.5 g of glucose to carbon dioxide and water. (Remember that oxygen gas is a diatomic gas.)
Answer:
13.3 grams O2
Explanation:
Balance the equation first:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Convert grams of glucose to moles:
12.5 g * (1 mol C6H12O6/180.155g) = 0.694 mol C6H12O6
Use ratio of oxygen gas to glucose to convert to moles of oxygen gas:
0.694 mol C6H12O6 * (6 mol O2/1 mol C6H12O6) = 0.416 mol O2
Convert moles of oxygen gas to grams:
0.416 mol O2 * (32.00g/1 mol O2) = 13.3 grams O2
consider this reaction: 6 co2 6 h2o light c6h12o6 6 o2 if you actually produced 30g of c6h12o6 what would be the percent yield? calculate the theoretical yield from having 2.38 x 102 g of h2o, 18.6 moles of co2.
The potential yield is composed of 608.22 grams of C6H12O6 and 531.2 grams of oxygen.
Describe the mole.The quantity of a substance that contains precisely 6.02214076 X 1023 of its essential components is called a mole.
A material is considered to contain a mole of a substance if it has the same mass as 12.000 g of 12C and the same number of elementary particles as atoms.
Find the theoretical yield of the reaction:
Here is the response: C6H12O6 + O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O.
A mass of 2.38 x 102 g of water is given.
18.6 moles of CO2 are provided.
C6H12O6 is formed from 6 CO2 and 6 H2O.
6 moles of water. C6H12O6 in 1 mole
0.6 moles of C6H12O6 are equal to 1 mole of water.
18 g of water equals 276/6 g of C6H12O6.
? gram of C6H12O6 = 2.38*102 gm of H2O
C6H12O6 is 2.38+102+276/618 = 608.22 grams.
1 mole of C6H12O6 is equal to 276g, so 1 mole of C6H12O6 is equal to 608.22g, which is equal o 2.2 moles of C6H12O6.
O2 is equal to 6 moles of CO2.
Moles of CO2 and O2 are equal. 18.6 moles of CO2 are equal to 18.6 moles of O2.
O2 in a mole equals 32 grams.
18.6 moles of oxygen are equal to? gm (18.6*32) or 531.2 gms of oxygen. The potential yield is composed of 608.22 grams of C6H12O6 and 531.2 grams of oxygen.
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Why isn’t water classified as an element?
Answer:
Water is a compound, and is made up of one Hydrogen atom and two Oxygen atoms, even though water is so common, it’s made of multiple elements so it couldn’t be one.
What’s the difference between a quantum leap and an electron transition
Answer: Quick Meaning and Difference
Explanation: As an electron moves from one level of energy to another within an atom or artificial atom, it appears discontinuous as it "jumps" from one level of energy to another. It is a form of deexcitation, atomic transition or quantum leap, this occurs when electrons are excited or de-excited. while In an atom or artificial atom, an electron transitions from one energy level to another. The quantum jump involves abruptly switching between quantum states or energy levels within a quantum system. A transition from one energy level to another occurs when the system absorbs energy; a transition from one energy level to another occurs when the system loses energy. I'm not sure quantum jumps even exist at the moment. A quantum leap has been the subject of controversy among physicists for over a century. The answer is now in, and everyone was a little bit right. Basically, quantum leaps or jumps are energy level jumps made by orbiting electrons in an atom. Atoms create photons when electrons move to a lower energy level and absorb them when electrons move to a higher energy level or leave the atom (ionization).
There is zero plagirism in this entire paragraph so feel free to copy and paste this into whatever assignment you like.
Which of the following is NOT a multivalent ion? A. Au+
B. Ni²+
C. Zn^2+
D. Pb^2+
The Au+ is not a multivalent ion.
What is multivalent ion?
Having more than one valency or having a valency greater than three is referred to as being multivalent (comparatively more multivalent, superlatively most multivalent).
What is ion?
Ions are atoms or groups of atoms that have a different number of electrons than proton atoms. If there are more protons than electrons, the particle is a negative ion, sometimes referred to as a cation.
The all the ions are having the valence electron is 2 so they are considered as multivalent ion, Au+ having one valence electron it is not fall under multivalent ion.
Therefore, Au+ is not a multivalent ion.
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The chemical name of Co2(CO3)3 is:a) Cobalt carbonate b)Cobalt (III) carbonate c)Cobalt (Il) carbonate d)Cobalt (III) carbonate (II)
Answer:
Option B is the correct answer
Cobalt (III) carbonate
Explanation:
The chemical name of CO₂(CO₃)₃ is Cobalt (III) carbonate
a voltaic cell is based on the reaction between ag+(aq) and ni(s), producing ag(s) and ni2+(aq).
The overall reaction of the voltaic cell is written as; [tex]Ni(s) + 2Ag^+(aq) ----- > Ni^{2+} (aq) + 2Ag(s)[/tex]
What is a voltaic cell?We know that a voltaic cell is the kind of cell that is obtained when there is a reaction that is spontaneous. It is one of the kinds of electrochemical reactions that we have. We know that the cell potential is positive in this case. The reaction would have a cathode and an anode.
The anode is the point from which current enters into the cell and the cathode is the part of the cell from which current leaves the cell. We would now have to proceed to observe the reaction of the anode and the cathode.
Anode; [tex]Ni(s) ----- > Ni^{2+} + 2e[/tex]
Cathode; [tex]2Ag^+ + 2e ----- > 2Ag[/tex]
Thus the anode of the cell can be seen as the nickel while teh cathode of the cell is the silver. Electrons would move from the nickel part to the silver part of the cell.
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in a redox-reaction that uses starch as an indicator, the solution turns blue-black. what can we say about that reaction?
Answer:
The reaction is nutride-cullic and sees all math about our lives.
Explanation:
How should spill cleaning materials be discarded? Select one: a)Leave them in the fume hood for the instructor: b)Rinse the cleaning materials in the sink, then place them in the trash can. c)Discard all components in the broken glats container d)Seal in a labeled plastic bag; then place in the solid waste container
Spill cleaning materials can be discarded by Seal it in a labeled plastic bag; then place in the solid waste container. The correct answer is D.
Spill cleaning material should be disposed of by placing them in the solid waste container after being sealed in a plastic bag with a label. This method of disposal is the safest and most ethical because it keeps the materials from contaminating or damaging the environment. It is crucial to clearly identify the bag with the contents and the date, and to properly discard it in accordance with local laws. Spill cleaning supplies should not be disposed of in other ways, such as by leaving them in the fume hood for the teacher to use or by rinsing them in the sink.
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CO₂
How to find the chemical or iupac name
Answer: Carbon oxide
Explanation:
What is the rule of 13?
The rule of 13 is a crude method for estimating a molecule's formula from its molecular mass. It
The result is a basic formula with solely hydrogen and carbon atoms. The molecular mass is multiplied by 13 to get this fundamental formula.In the Rule of Thirteen, we begin by creating a basic formula that exclusively comprises carbon and hydrogen. To find the hase formula, divide the molecular mass, M, by 13. (the mass of one carton plus one hydrogen) There is a numerator, n, and a remainder, r, in this computation.
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in the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, how do you calculate these quantities? a. initial ph b. ph before the equivalence point c. ph at the equivalence point d. ph beyond the equivalence point
H3O+ is overexposed before the equivalency point. By deducting the amount of additional OH- from the amount of starting H3O+ then dividing by the total volume, you may determine the [H3O+].
How do volume and example work?The capacity of an object is expressed in terms of volume. A cup's capacity is described as 100 ml, for instance, if it can hold 100ml in its brim. The quantity of space a three-dimensional item takes up can also be referred to as volume.
What do mass and volume mean?A three-dimensional object's volume, which is expressed in cubic units, is the amount of space it takes up. The cubic units cm3 and in3 are two examples. On the other hand, mass is a measurement of the amount of matter in an item. How much an object weighs is frequently used to determine mass.
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g if 2 moles of al is stoichiometrically equivalent to 3 moles of h2, how many moles of hydrogen form from 6 moles of aluminum?
9 moles of [tex]H_{2}[/tex] can be made from complete reaction of 6 moles of Al with hydrogen chloride.
In chemistry, stoichiometry is the measurement of the ratios in which different substances or elements interact. The laws of conservation of mass and energy as well as the law of combining weights or volumes serve as the foundation for the rules used in the determination of stoichiometric relationships.
In the field of chemistry known as stoichiometry, needed quantitative data is ascertained by exploiting relationships between the reactants and/or products of a chemical process. Stoichiometry literally translates as the measure of elements because the Greek words stoikhein and metron both mean element and measure, respectively.
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hydrochloride acid is used to extract oil from the ground. if the electronegativity of H is 2.20 and of Cl is 3.55, which type of bond is formed between H and Cl, when they form hydrogen chloride
Acidifying an oil well.When hydrochloric acid is injected into the rock formations in oil wells, it acts as a stimulant in the oil production process.In HClHCl, the hydrogen and chlorine atoms are bound by a polar covalent link.It is produced when two atoms share an electron pair.
Are H and Cl covalent or ionic?One bond is created by combining only one valence electron of chlorine and only one valence electron of hydrogen.Consequently, electrons are shared between parties.HCl is hence covalent.
Does H have a polar connection with Cl?For instance:In the H-Cl molecule, the connection between H and Cl is polar.Because hydrogen & chlorine have the same pair of electrons, though not equally, the connection is polar.Hydrogen only has a 0.16 electronegativity compared to the 3.16 electronegativity of chlorine.
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how high must a column of water be to exert a pressure equal to that of a 760.0 mm column of mercury? (the density of water is 1.00 g/ml, whereas that of mercury is 13.6 g/ml). group of answer choices 29.92 inches 10.3 meters 760 mm 1.00 atm
To impose pressure equivalent to that of a 760.0 mm column of mercury, a column of water must be 10336mm tall, or 10.3m. Per unit area, pressure is the force exerted perpendicularly to an object's surface.
That force is dispersed across. The gauge pressure, also known as gauge pressure, is the pressure in relation to the surrounding air pressure. To express pressure, a variety of units are employed. Mercury is the smallest and sun-closest planet in the solar system. The quickest of all the planets that orbit the Sun, its orbit lasts 87.97 Earth days.
76*13.6*g = h*1*g
h = 76*13.6 = 10.3m
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STOICHIOMETRY Interconverting number of atoms and mass of compound that contains million (1.ox106 Calculate the mass of glucose (C6H,206, carbon atoms Be sure your answer has unit symbol if necessary, and round it to 2 significant digits
Stoichiometry interconverting number of atoms and mass of compound that contains million (1.ox106), the mass of glucose (C6H,206, carbon atoms is 110.00 gm.
The relationship between the quantities of reactants and products prior to, during, and after chemical processes is known as stoichiometry. Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of mass, which states that the sum of the masses of the reactants and products must equal one another. This realization led scientists to conclude that the ratio of positive integers is typically formed by the relationships between the quantities of the reactants and products. This means that the amount of the product may be determined if the amounts of the individual reactants are known. On the other hand, if the amount of one reactant is known and the amount of the products can be computed using empirical data, the amount of the other reactants can likewise be calculated. This is seen in the following figure, where the balanced equation reads: CO2 + 2 H2O CH4 + 2 O2
In this reaction, two molecules of oxygen gas combine with one methane molecule to form carbon dioxide and two molecules of water. A full combustion is demonstrated in this chemical equation. To ascertain the quantity of products and reactants generated or required in a particular process, stoichiometry examines these quantitative correlations. Reaction stoichiometry is the description of the quantitative interactions between substances as they take part in chemical processes.
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14. Classifying The following are balanced
equations for chemical reactions. Classify
each of the equations as synthesis,
decomposition, or replacement.
a. 2 Al + Fe₂O3-
→2 Fe + Al₂O3
b. 2 Ag+S →→→→ Ag₂S
c. CaCO3 → CaO + CO,
d. 2 NO + O₂ → 2 NO₂
-
a. 2 Al + Fe₂O3-
→2 Fe + Al₂O3
b. 2 Ag+S →→→→ Ag₂S
c. CaCO3 → CaO + CO,
d. 2 NO + O₂ → 2 NO₂
-
determine the nuclide that (a) undergoes electron capture to produce 7li, and (b) undergoes alpha decay to form 238u. (1 pt)
The nuclide that (a) 7 Be undergoes electron capture to produce 7li, and (b) 234 Th undergoes alpha decay to form 238u.
(a) The nuclide that undergoes electron capture to produce 7Li is 7Be. 7Be is a stable nuclide with atomic number 4 and mass number 7. It can undergo electron capture, in which one of its inner-shell electrons is captured by the nucleus, resulting in the formation of a new nuclide with one fewer protons and one fewer neutrons. In this case, 7Be captures an electron to form 7Li, which has atomic number 3 and mass number 7.
The general equation for the electron capture reaction is:
7Be + e- ---> 7Li + ν
where e- is an inner-shell electron, ν is a neutrino, and the arrow indicates the direction of the reaction.
(b) The nuclide that undergoes alpha decay to form 238U is 234Th.
234Th is a radioactive nuclide with atomic number 90 and mass number 234. It can undergo alpha decay, in which it emits an alpha particle (consisting of two protons and two neutrons) to form a new nuclide with two fewer protons and two fewer neutrons. In this case, 234Th undergoes alpha decay to form 238U, which has atomic number 92 and mass number 238.
The general equation for the alpha decay reaction is:
234Th ---> 238U + α
where α is an alpha particle and the arrow indicates the direction of the reaction.
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Draw the Lewis structure for acetamide, CH3CONH2. What are the electron-pair geometry and molecular geometry around the two C atoms? What is the hybridization of each of the C atoms? What orbitals overlap to form the σ and π bonds between carbon and oxygen?
Lewis structure for acetamide, CH3CONH2. four (4) are the electron-pair geometry and molecular geometry around the two C atom. Sp3d2 is the hybridization of each of the C atoms.
When the valence bond theory failed to accurately predict molecular structure, hybridization was used to explain it. Organic compounds' bond angles have been experimentally found to be near to 109o, 120o, or 180o. The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory states that because electron couples resist one another, the bonds and lone pairs surrounding a core atom are often spaced apart at their greatest angles. The behavior of electrons inside of molecules is modeled using orbitals. Since the hydrogen atom is the only neutral atom for which the Schrödinger equation can be precisely solved, this approximation for simple hybridization is based on atomic orbitals that are similar to those found for that atom. The 2s and 2p atomic orbitals, which are akin to the excited state orbitals for hydrogen, are utilised in heavier elements including carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. It is believed that hybrid orbitals are combinations of atomic orbitals that are overlaid on one another in different ratios.
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Can someone please help me understand the difference between oxidation and reduction with an example. Also known as redox.
During the oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration, hydrogen can be considered as a reducing agent because it loses electrons while molecular oxygen is an oxidizing agent because it accepts electrons.
What are reducing and oxidizing agents?Reducing and oxidizing agents are different molecules that accept and donate electrons in chemical redox reactions such as oxygen which accept and hydrogen which donates.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that reducing and oxidizing agents are related and they work together to move electrons in different redox reactions such as occur during cellular respiration.
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lead crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit cell with an edge length of 495.08 pm. calculate the density of the metal.
The density of the metal with an edge length of 495.08pm is 549.06pm
Lead crystallizes with FCC lattice, Z = 4
√2a = 4r
r = 175.01pm
The density is given as:-
D=ZM/N0(a3) =5.616
Edge length a=404.91pm
For a BCC lattice, the 3D diagonal (l) and edge length (a) is related as:-
l=√3al=1.732×317=549.06pm
The density (d) of a crystal depends on the number of atoms occupying each unit cell, the mass of each atom (m), and the edge length of the unit cell (a). There are three types of cubic lattices,
1. Simple Cubic
2. Body centered
3. Face centered
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patterns what patterns did you observe in the development of the periodic table? how were the patterns related to the timeline?
The atoms tend smaller or slightly larger, and their reactivities fluctuate left to right within a row.
What is a periodic table explanation?The stoichiometry of chemical elements, sometimes termed the multiplication table, organizes all recognized ingredients in rows (dubbed periods) and column (repeating groups) according to atomic numbers.
Why does it have the name periodic table?Because of the orderly arrangement of the elements, it is known as the periodic table. You'll notice they're organized rows and columns. Periods and Groups are the names given to the horizontal rows that run from left to right and the two columns that run from top to bottom, respectively.
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Naphthalene (moth balls) contains 93.7% carbon and 6.3% hydrogen. The molar mass of naphthalene is 128 g/mol. Determine the empirical and molecular formulas for naphthalene.
Molecular formula naphthalene is C₁₀H₈ and empirical formula naphthalene is C₅H₄
What is molecular and empirical formula?Molecular formulas tells how many atoms of each element are present in a compound whereas empirical formulas tells the simplest or reduced ratio of elements in a compound.
Given, 93.7 g of Carbon
and 6.3 g of H
In 100 g of naphthalene we have 93.7 g of Carbon and 6.3 g of Hydrogen
So, in 128 g of naphthalene we will have:
128 . 93.7 / 100 = 120 g of C
128. 6.3 / 100 = 8 g of H
Convert mass to moles,
120 g . 1mol / 12 g = 10 moles C
8 g . 1mol/ 1g = 8 moles H
Hence, Molecular formula naphthalene becomes C₁₀H₈
and Empirical formula naphthalene becomes C₅H₄.
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how wide does this grating need to be to allow you to resolve the two lines 589.00 and 589.59 nanometers, which are a well known pair of lines for sodium, in the second order ( m
A. n = 105 lines/mm = 105000 lines/m
d*sin θ = m*λ
(1/105000) * sin θ = 1*498*10^-9 ⇒ θ = 3.0 degree
Also (1/105000) * sin θ = 1*569*10^-9 ⇒ θ = 3.43 degree
Δθ = 3.43° – 3.0°
Δθ = 0.43°
b) Chromatic Resolving power, R = λ / Δλ
λ / Δλ = m (width) n
589 /0.59 = 2 (width) (105000)
Width = 4.75 mm
Diffraction gratings can split beams of different wavelengths into a spectrum of related lines through the principle of diffraction. In certain directions, only waves of certain wavelengths have obtained the rest are destroyed by their respective interference. other.
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Predict the electron pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following:(a) IOF5 (I is the central atom) (b) POCl3 (P is the central atom) (c) Cl2SeO (Se is the central atom) (d) ClSO+ (S is the central atom) (e) F2SO (S is the central atom) (f) NO−2 (g)SiO4−4
The electron pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following are IOF5 (I is the central atom) is Number of bond pairs = 6, variety of lone pairs = 0 ⇒ electron pair geometry = octahedral, molecular structure = octahedral.
The significant iodine atom belongs to the 17th organization of periodic desk so it has seven valence electrons.
For forming 5 single bonds and one double bond, all seven of the valence electrons are used.
Similarly, Number of bond pairs = 4, variety of lone pairs = 0 ⇒ electron pair geometry = tetrahedral, molecular structure = tetrahedral.Number of bond pairs = 3, variety of lone pairs = 1 ⇒ electron pair geometry = tetrahedral, molecular structure = trigonal pyramidal.Number of bond pairs = 2, variety of lone pairs = 1 ⇒ electron pair geometry = trigonal planar, molecular structure = bent.Number of bond pairs = 3, variety of lone pairs = 1 ⇒ electron pair geometry = tetrahedral, molecular structure = trigonal pyramidal.Number of bond pairs = 2, variety of lone pairs = 1 ⇒ electron pair geometry = trigonal planar, molecular structure = bent.Number of bond pairs = 4, variety of lone pairs = 0 ⇒ electron pair geometry = tetrahedral, molecular structure = tetrahedral.Read more about electron:
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What are two qualities of nonmetals? Describe each
Answer:
In the elemental form, non-metals can be gas, liquid or solid. They aren't shiny (lustrous) and they don't conduct heat or electricity well. Usually their melting points are lower than for metals, although there are exceptions. The solids usually break easily, and can't bend like metals
Explanation:
another sample of eggshell reacts completely with 4.0 ml of unknown concentration if the reaction produced 0.095 atm of gas. the concentration of hcl solution was at least
The concentration of HCl = 1 M
What is the concentration of solution?A solution's concentration is an indicator of how much solute has dissolved in a certain volume of solvent or solution. A concentrated solution has a high concentration of dissolved solute. When a dissolved solute is present in a solution, it is said to be diluted.
Given that,
unknown solution concentration = 4.0 ml
pressure of gas = 0.095 atm
It corresponds to 0.020 gm of CaCO₃.
Thus, moles of CaCO₃ = 0.20 gm /(100 g/mol)
= 0.002 moles
moles of HCl = (moles of CaCO₃ × 2)
= ( 0.002 moles × 2)
= 0.004 moles
So, molarity of HCl = moles / volume in L
= (0.004 moles × 1000)/4
= 1 M
Thus, concentration of HCl = 1 M
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methyl benzoate ir spectrum
IR-spectrum of methyl benzoate:
The Formula of methyl benzoate is:
[tex]C_{6} H_{6} COOHCH_{3}[/tex]
1. C-O stretching
The strongest peak should be the ester C=O stretch.
This normally appears at
Conjugation with the ring moves the peak from 1750-1735[tex]cm^{-1}[/tex] to 1730-1715 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex].
In the range of 1300-1000 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex], there should also be one medium and two strong bands.
The two strong bands arise from the symmetric and antisymmetric C-O stretches of the ester COO group, and the weaker band is the ether CO stretch of the OC[tex]H_{3}[/tex]group.
2. C-C Stretching
Characteristic medium-strength C-C stretching bands in the 1600–1585 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex] and 1500–1400 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex] regions of the benzene ring are present.
3. C-H bending
At 750-700 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex] and 710-690 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex], the monosubstituted phenyl group exhibits distinctively strong bending vibrations.
1.The methyl group usually shows a weak band at 1380 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex] and a medium band at 1260 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex].
4. C-H Stretching
The weak aromatic C-H stretch typically occurs between 3100 and 3000 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex].
The aliphatic C[tex]H_{3}[/tex]group shows stronger symmetric and antisymmetric stretches at 2960 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex] and 2870 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex] .
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What is the formula for cobalt(III) sulfate (containing the Co3+ ion and SO42â ion)?
Co2(SO4)3 is the chemical formula for cobalt(III) sulfate. The Co symbol stands for cobalt, the S for sulfur, and the O for oxygen. Sulfate is made up of one sulphur atom and four oxygen atoms.
At normal temperature, Co2(SO4)3 is a blueish green crystal. It melts at a temperature of 35 °C (95 °F). It breaks down at its melting point and will also break down in water. Co2(SO4)3 is an effective oxidizer. The Co symbol stands for cobalt, the S for sulfur, and the O for oxygen. Sulfate is made up of one sulphur atom and four oxygen atoms. In addition to being utilised in storage batteries and the electrochemical industries, cobalt 3 sulphate is also employed as a vitamin B12 supplement and as a drier in paints and inks. Cobalt 3 sulphate exposure irritates the skin, eyes, and respiratory system and has negative effects on the thyroid, lungs, heart, and kidneys.
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Draw the product for each of the following SN2 reactions: (a) (S)-2-Chloropentane and NaSH (b) (R)-3-Iodohexane and NaCl (c) (R)-2-Bromohexane and NaCN (d) 1-Bromoheptane and NaOH
The product for each of the following SN2 reactions
The SN2 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution process in which a bond is broken and a new one is simultaneously created. The step in the reaction that determines rate involves two reacting species.
The substrate is attacked from behind in this reaction by the nucleophile. The angle between the nucleophile and the carbon-leaving group bond as it approaches the chosen substrate is 180o. Through a transition state, the carbon-leaving group bond breaks and the carbon-nucleophile bond forms concurrently.
The leaving group is now forced out of the transition state on the other side of the carbon-nucleophile link, resulting in the formation of the necessary product. The product is created by inverting the tetrahedral geometry at the central atom, which is a crucial fact to remember.
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