Bacteriophages have been shown to be efficient against bacteria in biofilms. It is true that bacteriophages are specific to one kind of microbe and are used to treat infections.
What are bacteriophage ? Bacteriophages, or phages as they are commonly known, are viruses that only infect and replicate in bacterial cells. They are regarded as the most prevalent biological agent on earth and are widely distributed throughout the environment. Their size, appearance, and genetic organization are incredibly different.What is the use of bacteriophage to treat infections?Bacteriophages (BPs) are viruses that have no harmful effects on human or animal cells but have the ability to infect and kill bacteria. Because of this, it is assumed that they can be used to treat bacterial infections, either alone or in conjunction with antibiotics.For more information on bacteriophage kindly visit to
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these two age-structure pyramids, or population profiles, compare the populations of canada and niger, a country in west africa. can you interpret these graphs to answer the following questions?
Due to their shared commitment to providing long-term care for the elderly, Canada and the Niger, a nation in west Africa, are compared in these two age-structure pyramids or population profiles.
What elements could cause population pyramids in cities within the same nation to differ?Birth and/or death rates can be impacted by changes in the economy (such as a recession or job growth), politics (such as a new law on family planning or a new tax break for dependents), conflicts (such as wars), public health trends, and natural occurrences (such as prolonged droughts or earthquakes).
What stage or phases is the population size reasonably stable?The post-industrial stage, which follows the industrial period, is characterized by a stable human population with low birth rates and low mortality rates as a result of the economic and social transformations of the earlier stages.
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Every environment in the world has __________. Select one: access to all inexhaustible natural resources ways to be less dependent on natural resources natural resources native to that area methods to recycle natural resources
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
This is tough but i think it's, Access to all inexhaustible natural resources ways to be less dependent on natural resources.
hemophilia is a condition in which the blood cannot clot properly. hemophilia is caused by a recessive allele carried on the x chromosone. suppose a mother who carries hemphilia on her x chromosone has children with a man that has hemophilia. whicj of the following
All of their daughters will either have haemophilia or show symptoms of it.
What contributes to hemophilia?A mutation or change in one of the genes, which codes for the proteins that form the clotting factor necessary for a blood clot, results in hemophilia. The clotting protein may no longer exist or function improperly as a result of this change or mutation. On the X chromosome are these genes.
Hemophilia A is brought on by changes in the FVIII gene. Hemophilia B is brought on by FIX gene mutations. The process of blood clotting depends heavily on the proteins produced by these genes. Mutations in either gene prevent clots from forming in the event of an injury, resulting in excessive bleeding that may be challenging to stop.
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all of the following are true of red blood cells except: they live for about 120 days their primary function is to transport o2 to tissues old red blood cells are removed by macrophages in the spleen and liver they are a spherical shape they contain hemoglobin
All of the following are true of red blood cells except that they are a spherical shape
What is an erythrocyte?The most typical produced element is the erythrocyte, also called a red blood cell (or RBC): There are millions of erythrocytes in a single drop of blood but only a few thousand leukocytes. Males and females have roughly 5.4 million and 4.8 million erythrocytes per microliter (L) of blood, respectively they are bi concave disc shaped. In actuality, erythrocytes are thought to account for around 25% of all body cells. They are quite tiny cells, as one might expect, with a mean diameter of only 7-8 micrometers (m) (Figure 1). The main jobs of erythrocytes are to transport the breathed oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and to collect up some of the waste carbon dioxide (approximately 24 percent).
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place each of the molecules in the correct order based on the general flow of genetic information given by the central dogma of molecular biology.
The correct order based on the general flow of genetic information is,
Replication, Transcription, and Translation.
In biological systems, the basic flow of genetic information is sometimes represented with a flowchart known as "the central dogma" (image is attached). Transcription converts DNA information into RNA, while translation converts RNA into proteins. Reverse transcription and replication are two more examples of techniques for the spread of information in various forms. The techniques by which regulatory signals travel between the many layers of molecule types shown in the model and how information is encoded are not, however, directly addressed by this system. Therefore, although the following scheme is almost always a part of any biologist's vocabulary, maybe as a holdover from earlier customs, students should be aware that systems of information transmission are more complex.
The complete question is attached as an image.
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during the elongation stage of translation, the ribosome translocates relative to the mrna and the trnas. this step requires the elongation factor
During the elongation stage of translation, the ribosome translocates relative to the mRNA and the tRNAs. this step requires the elongation factor EF-G and hydrolysis of GTP.
The tRNA with the proper corresponding anticodon will pair with the relevant mRNA codon during the translation's elongation phase. Methionine from the first tRNA joins with the second amino acid from the second tRNA to form a peptide bond, the kind of bond that binds amino acids together.
After then, the ribosome shifts downward, moving in the 5' 3' direction, creating room for a new tRNA to link with its corresponding codon and produce a new peptide bond. The ribosome continues this process by traveling down the mRNA strand and lengthening its amino acid chain as it does so.
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You play baseball in a field at the park where the grass is mowed all summer. What type of succession would occur if no one mowed the grass at all?.
Secondary Succession would occur if no one mowed the grass at all.
What do you mean by Succession?
The kind of succession that will occur if no one mowed the grass at all is secondary succession.
Succession generally refers to a gradual change in the structure of a community over a period of times. Succession could be primary or secondary.
Primary succession occur when a site that has not held any form of life before gets colonized by a new life. The new lives are referred to as pioneer species.Secondary succession occur when a community that already has lives in it experiences a regime of disturbance. The structure of the community will change in response to the disturbance.Both primary and secondary succession eventually lead to a relatively stable community, otherwise known as climax community.To know more about Succession from the given link
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What type of mutation has occurred in the following example?
A.) frameshift mutation (due to deletion)
B.) nonsense mutation
C.) silent mutation
Use the screenshot to answer.
Which letter choice is correct? A, B, or C?
The mutation that is shown in the given diagram is the silent mutation that is depicted at Option C. In the silent mutation, the single base is changed, but there is no impact on the original gene product.
What is a silent mutation?
Silent mutations are a type of mutation in which, even though a single base is altered, there is no impact on the polypeptide chain, as shown in the diagram. The mutated gene in the diagram has a single base change at 6th position, replacing C with G. After the change, the polypeptide is the same as the previous one, and this is due to the wobbling between the third codon base and the first anticodon base.
Hence, this is a silent mutation as the polypeptide is not changed.
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activation of b lymphocytes produces (antibody-mediated /cell-mediated/innate) immune responses.
The activation of B-lymphocytes produces antibody-mediated immune response in the body. Different classes of antibodies are produced from these cells.
What is Antibody-mediated immune response?
An antibody-mediated immune response involves the activation of B-cells and the secretion of antibodies when comes in contact with a pathogen. When these cells are exposed to the chemicals released by the activated helper T-cells, a sensitized B-cell divides, and produces daughter cells which differentiate into memory B-cells and plasma cells.
Antibodies can bind to the antigenic targets and form an antigen-antibody complex. They can also agglutinate the invading cells, forming clusters of antibodies and toxins which are relatively easy for the phagocytes to find and engulf.
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briefly describe how one neuron transmits an impulse to another neuron using the following terms correctly to describe the process of neural transmission: axon, action potential, terminal branches of axon, neurotransmitter, synapse, receptor site, dendrite.
Dendrites or the cell body of the neuron receive signals. A neuron's terminal branches are stimulated by an action potential to release neurotransmitters into the synapses, where they bind with receptors on the dendrites of the following neuron.
Why does impulse mean?An impulse is a sudden drive or desire; examples include the want to order pizza or an electrical impulse. You are acting on an impulse if you respond to a sudden notion or feeling. The term "impulse" is used in classical mechanics to describe the integral of a force, F, throughout the time period over which it acts, t. Since force is a vector quantity, so is impulse. When an object receives an impulse, its linear momentum also shifts along an identical vector in the opposite direction.
What are 3 examples of impulse?• The most famous and frequently mentioned example is a cricket batsman hitting the ball.
• Bicycle kickstarting.
• Similar to the first, while playing Carroms, the striker briefly strikes the coin before it is sent flying into the pocket.
• When you strike a gong with a stick, it resounds loudly.
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the dorsal respiratory group: question 7 options: 1) extends from the brain stem. 2) is located dorsally at the root of cranial nerve ix. 3) ends at the pons-medullary junction. 4) is a rhythm generating center.
At the pons-medullary junction, the dorsal respiratory group comes to a stop.
Where are the ventral and dorsal respiratory groups located?The ventral respiratory group (VRG) is located in the nucleus ambiguus and nucleus retroambiguus, while the dorsal respiratory group (DRG) is situated in the ventral lateral region of the nucleus tractus solitarius.
What center is responsible for the dorsal respiratory group stimulation?The Pneumotaxic Center Shortens Inspiration and Speeds Up Respiration. Signals from the apneumotaxic center are sent to the inspiratory region from its dorsal location in the upper pons' nucleus parabrachialis. Most inspiratory movements and their timing are under the direction of the dorsal respiratory group (nucleus tractus solitarius).
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a. (10) let palindromedfa be the language of all encoded dfas that accept sr if they accept s. prove that palindromedfa is a turing-decidable language.
A palindrome is a sequence of words, numbers, phrases, or other symbols, read back and forth as follows:the words madam or racecar, the date/time stamps 11/11/11 11:11
S = {(M) | M is a DFA that accepts w whenever it accepts the inverse of w.}
DFA example on S:
A DFA that accepts any string.
To show that S is decidable, we construct the determinant D of S as
TM A) to determine the EQDF:
D = “On input (M)
1. Construct an NFA M' such that L(M') = {ωˣ| ω ∈ L(M)}
2. Convert M' into an equivalent DFA Mⁿ
3. Use C to compare L(Mⁿ) and L(M)
4. If L(Mⁿ) = L(M), accept. Else, reject.
In the TM above, step 1 can be done by transforming M to M'.
in finite steps.
The idea is to (i) reverse the direction of all transition arrows in M, and (ii) create new state q' in M', and connect q'.
For each original final state of M with an ε-transition,
(iii) Make the original starting state of M the final state of M'. Easy to check that L(M') = {ωˣ |ω ∈ L(M)}.
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Which is the innermost connective tissue layer of the spinal nerve that surrounds each axon?.
Answer:
Endoneurium
Explanation:
Innermost stage connective tissue layer of spinal nerve that surrounds axon
TRUE/FALSE. the site where a motor neuron excites a skeletal muscle fiber is called the neuromuscular junction. this activity will test your understanding of the sequence of events that occur at the neuromuscular junction.
The site where a motor neuron excites a skeletal muscle fiber is called the neuromuscular junction is a True statement.
Muscle contraction begins at the neuromuscular junction, which is where a motor neuron's terminal meets a muscle fiber (NMJ). Every fiber of every skeletal muscle is innervated by a motor neuron at an NMJ.
The neuromuscular junction, where muscle fibers and neurons converge, is an important synapse for muscle contraction and movement. The malfunction of these junctions can cause neuromuscular illnesses to progress, some of which have no effective treatment.
A Skeletal Neuromuscular Junction is the vertebrate neuromuscular junction, which is designed to allow action potentials (APs) from the spinal motor neurons to reach skeletal muscle, is an example of a highly specialized neuroeffector synapse.
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What is A strand of DNA called?.
DNA nucleotides link up to form units referred to as base pairs, A with T and C with G. A sugar and phosphate molecule are also joined to each base.
Humans and nearly all other species carry their genetic information in DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA of an individual can be found in almost all of their cells. The majority of DNA is found in the cell nucleus (where it is known as nuclear DNA), but there is also a tiny quantity of DNA in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Cellular organelles called mitochondria transform the energy from food into a form that can be utilized by cells.
Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (C) are the four chemical bases that make up the code that stores the information in DNA (T). More than 99 percent of the 3 billion bases that make up human DNA are the same in every person.
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hypoxia can cause apoptosis by increasing excitotoxicity in the cell via glutamate. what downstream cellular effects would this have?
A lethal influx of extracellular calcium results from excitotoxicity, which happens when neurons are exposed to high levels of glutamate.
This results in a persistent activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate acid (NMDA), -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole propionic acid (AMPA), and voltage-gated calcium channels.
As cellular energy stores and Na+ gradients decline during hypoxia-ischemia, increased glutamate release and defective glutamate uptake create a toxic accumulation of extracellular glutamate, which causes glutamate receptors to become overstimulated and ultimately results in neuronal cell death.
Does excitotoxicity cause cell death?
Since excitotoxic stimulation of neurons may result in increased NO synthesis and exposure of neurons to NO may result in the release of excitotoxins, these two pathogenic mechanisms are intimately related. Excitotoxic neuronal death can be either apoptotic or necrotic, depending on the experimental conditions and cell type.
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chromatin remodeling a promoter in a genome is a dnase-resistant site. which of the following events could convert the site to a dnase hypersensitive site? check all that apply the level of a transcription factor that binds a nearby enhancer increases.the level of a transcription factor that binds a nearby enhancer increases. a histone deacetylase modifies histone tails in the vicinity of the promoter.a histone deacetylase modifies histone tails in the vicinity of the promoter. a remodeling complex uses atp to move nucleosomes to expose the promoter.a remodeling complex uses atp to move nucleosomes to expose the promoter. a histone acetyltransferase modifies histone tails in the vicinity of the promoter.a histone acetyltransferase modifies histone tails in the vicinity of the promoter. a remodeling complex uses atp to move nucleosomes to block the promoter.
An online DNase-resistant website is a promoter in a genome. The degree of a transcription problem that binds a nearby enhancer rises the website to a DNase hypersensitive site.
A transcription factor that binds to a neighboring enhancer is present at higher levels. Enhancer sequences upstream or downstream of a related gene can be bound by transcription elements, stimulating or enhancing the transcription of the related gene. A number of the key factors and co-activators that enhancer-specific transcription elements recruit have been found to be crucial in enhancer-promoter interactions. Ldb1, a transcriptional cofactor that is widely expressed, is one of the quality factors that have been examined.
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HeEeLllpp 8.Carbon atoms are important for all of the following reasons except
The one exception to the reasons why carbon atoms are significant is (d) their ability to form ionic bonds.
The periodic element with atomic number 6 is carbon. On Earth, it occurs the most frequently. Stable covalent bonds are created between carbon atoms and other elements. Catenation is the ability of carbon to make four covalent connections with itself.
The non-covalent bonds that are less strong than covalent bonds are ionic bonds. Instead of neutral atoms, two charged atoms join together to form this bond. This bond typically has large variations in electronegativity between the atoms. The atoms are changed over to more electronegative atoms in this place.
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A DNA segment has base order AGC TTA TCG. Which copy exhibits a frameshift mutation through deletion?(1 point)
-AGC TCG
-AGC TTA TAG
-TTA TCG
-AGC TTT CG
The copy that exhibits a frameshift mutation through deletion is d) AGC TTT CG.
In the field of science, a frameshift mutation can be described as a type of DNA error in which the nucleotides are not added in multiples of three such that the entire reading frame of the DNA segment is changed.
A frameshift mutation occurs either due to the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide that causes an error in the reading frame.
In the question above, as the DNA segment is AGC TTA TCG, a frameshift mutation will mean an insertion or deletion that will hinder the multiple of three configurations. In option AGC TTT CG, The reading frame is changed as a nucleotide Adenine has been deleted due to which the next triple sequence is also changed. Hence, it is a frameshift mutation as a result of deletion.
The question will correctly be written as:
A DNA segment has base order AGC TTA TCG. Which copy exhibits a frameshift mutation through deletion?(1 point)
a) AGC TCG
b) AGC TTA TAG
c) TTA TCG
d) AGC TTT CG
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In the process of dehydration synthesis, _________________ are joined using ______________ to form proteins.
In the process of dehydration synthesis, ________amino acids_________ are joined using ______peptides________ to form proteins.
What are amino acids?Amino acids are each a group of organic molecules consisting of a basic amino group (-NH₂), an acidic carboxyl group (-COOH), and an organic R group (or side chain) unique to each amino acid. The term amino acid is an abbreviation for α-amino [α-amino] carboxylic acid. Each molecule contains a central carbon atom (C), called the α-carbon, to which both amino and carboxyl groups are attached. The remaining two bonds of the α-carbon atom are usually filled by hydrogen atoms (H) and R groups.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They are molecules that all living things need to make proteins, and your body needs 20 of them to function properly. Your body makes 11 of the amino acids it needs.
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which action immediately occurs when the posterior pituitary is stimulated to release antidiuretic hormone
The hormone is carried by the nerve cells along their axons to the posterior pituitary gland, where it is released into the bloodstream. The antidiuretic hormone affects the kidneys and blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure.
Several variables influence the release of ADH. Volume status and variations in plasma osmotic pressure are the two main influencing variables. Exercise, the hormone angiotensin II, and emotional states like pain are other variables that encourage the production of ADH. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which is generated by stretched atria in response to rises in blood pressure, as well as alcohol and other medicines, all impede the production of ADH. The amount of ADH released in response to variations in plasma osmotic pressure is controlled by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus. They are found in the subfornical organ and the organum vasculum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), two of the sensory circumventricular organs of the brain. Thus, The hormone is carried by the nerve cells along their axons to the posterior pituitary gland, where it is released into the bloodstream. The antidiuretic hormone affects the kidneys and blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure.
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Osmosis is best defined as the movement of
water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration.
The best way to describe osmosis is as the transfer of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration.
Osmosis: What is it?The best way to describe osmosis is as the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.
Osmosis in biology is the movement of water molecules through a cell's partially permeable membrane from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules.
Osmosis is the movement of a solvent through a membrane that is semipermeable, dividing two solutions with different solute concentrations. Osmosis is the process by which a solvent is transferred from a solution with a lower concentration of solute to one with a higher concentration.
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PLEASE HELP ME ASAP
Think about the many recent advances in science you’ve learned about, particularly those that have occurred in the last 25 years or so. Explain how the scientific research that led to these discoveries has characterized medical care in the 21st century and, in turn, how this has changed society and the environment.
Basic research led to the discovery of biological phenomena that enable the development of new technologies in medicine such as the CRISPR Cas9 genome editing system.
What is the CRISPR Cas9 genome editing system?The CRISPR Cas9 genome editing system is a tool used in genetic engineering that holds promise in medicine. This tool (CRISPR Cas9 genome editing system) can be used to edit genes in diseases and thus correct genetic mutation in the target organs and or tissue.
The CRISPR Cas9 genome editing system is based on the discovery of the defense system of bacteria which is a key point in basic research (bacteria include in their genome fragments of viral genomes to fight against them).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the CRISPR Cas9 genome editing system and other technologies are based on discoveries in basic research.
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The __________ system works in tandem with other body systems and maintains their health by delivering nutrients and removing wastes. It is central to the function of all other body systems.cardiorespiratory
The cardiopulmonary system works in concert with other body systems to maintain health by providing nutrients and removing waste products. It is central to the functioning of all other body systems.
What is cardiorespiratoty system and its significance?The cardiopulmonary system consists of the heart and blood vessels, which work in tandem with the lungs and respiratory system called the airways. These body systems carry oxygen to the body's muscles and organs and remove waste products, including carbon dioxide. During exercise, muscles require more oxygen to contract and produce more carbon dioxide as a waste product.Is the cardiovascular system the same as the cardiopulmonary system?It works in conjunction with the cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels) and the respiratory system (lungs). Collectively these are called one system, the cardiopulmonary system.
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For an OFF-center ganglion cell, which stimulus on the cell's receptive field would cause the highest rate of action potential firing? (In the figure, black fill indicates darkness, and white fill indicates light in the receptive field.)
Select one:
1. a
2. b
3. c
4. d
5. Both a and d would cause the same level of activation
The stimulus on the cell's receptive field would cause the highest rate of action potential firing is mentioned in Option 1.
What is an off center ganglion?Each ganglion cell's receptive field is defined by how it reacts to stimulation of a little circular region of the retina. Kuffler made a distinction between "on"-center and "off"-center ganglion cells based on these reactions. An electrical surge is produced when a patch of light is turned on in the middle of a ganglion cell's receptive field (also known as a "on response") . The spontaneous rate of firing reduces when a patch of light is put on in the centre of an off-center ganglion cell receptive field, and the cell responds by firing a burst of action potentials (referred to as a "off reaction") when the light is turned off. Approximately 80% of ganglion cells are on- and off-center.
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Genomic imprinting in mammals appears to primarily affect genes involved in __________.
Genomic imprinting in mammals appears to primarily affect genes involved in germline (sperms or egg cells) ,embryonic and placental development and growth .
What is genomic imprinting ? It is a type of epigenetic phenomenon that leads an impact on expression of genes , which controls whether it would be expressed or not . It is also defined as the process of silencing genes through DNA METHYLATION .
In this the gene expression is silenced by the epigenetic addition of chemical tags to the DNA during egg or sperm formation . In which one copy of the gene is active and other copy of the gene is silenced in a diploid cell in a parental origin dependent manner .
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How can we maintain a healthy sexuality What practices should we do to keep it healthy?.
Talk with your partner about sexual relations. contraception; use of condoms and rubber dams; Be aware that alcohol and drugs can break down your inhibitions and influence your decision-making. Get tested for STDs if you think you're at risk.
How important is it to keep your sexuality healthy?Sexual health is a big part of life. It can and will affect other aspects of health. This includes physical, mental, emotional and social health. Good sexual health means being well informed, caring and respectful of yourself and others.
How would you describe healthy sexuality?Healthy sexuality means having the knowledge and power to express your sexuality in a way that enriches your life. It involves approaching sexual interactions and relationships from a consensual, respectful and informed perspective. There is no coercion and violence in healthy sexuality.
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Pepsin is an enzyme found in the human stomach that breaks down protein. Pepsin will not break down starch.
Which statement best explains this observation?
The statement which best explains why Pepsin will not break down starch is that enzymes only work for specific substrates.
What is an Enzyme?
This is referred to as a biological catalyst which helps to speed the rate of chemical reaction in the body by lowering the activation energy needed to start it up. it is also proteinous and can be denatured by heat and other substance such as chemicals.
They are also substrate specific which means they can't act on any type of substance. For example enzyme such as amylase acts on only starch while pepsin acts on only protein.
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determine whether the label scenario's comparison lends to an increased or decreased basal metabolism by dragging the label to its appropriate classification category.
The comparison lends to an increased or decreased basal metabolism using appropriate labels.
Decreasing basal metabolismHaving more fat vs. more lean body massBeing female vs. maleIncreasing basal metabolismBeing pregnant vs. not pregnantSmoking cigarettes vs. not smoking cigarettesThe amount of energy required to maintain bodily function while at rest, or basal metabolic rate, is measured in units of time.
Hence, basal metabolism is optimum rate at which our body perform all function effectively.
Question:
Determine whether the label scenario's comparison lends to an increased or decreased basal metabolism by selecting the label to its appropriate classification category.
being female vs. male
being pregnant vs. not pregnant
having more fat vs. more lean body mass
Smoking cigarettes vs. not smoking cigarettes
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at the age of 25, mr. rahmn was less than 4 feet tall. his short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the
Mr. Rahman is less than 4 feet tall at 25 years old. His short stature may be affected by the lack of growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland.
Growth hormone is a protein hormone that is produced and needed by the body for various growth and development processes, especially increasing height.
Growth hormone is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland or pituitary gland which is located at the base of the brain.
From the pituitary gland, this hormone is released into the bloodstream and then distributed throughout the body. Hormones are not released continuously, but little by little every 3 to 5 hours.
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