The type of DNA mutation that will results in a change in the reading frame of an mRNA is deletion of a single nucleotide (option D).
What is mutation?Mutation refers to the alteration or change in the sequence of DNA.
Mutations can be caused by errors during DNA replication, mutagens (chemicals) etc.
Frameshift mutation is a type of mutation that involves the deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides that changes the reading frame of the base sequence. Deletions remove nucleotides, and insertions add nucleotides.
Therefore, option D is the mutation that will change the reading frame of a nucleotide sequence.
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Use categories that parallel the taxa of q biological classification system to organize the items you can borrow from the library
Classification of biological organisms from most general to most specific is -
DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpeciesWhat is hierarchy system?A hierarchy system of taxa or ranks of living organisms up to species level is known as taxonomic classification. It includes a higher and most generalized rank domain consist of archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. Second most generalized ranks kingdom that consist of various kingdoms.
Less generalized ranks are in order of a decrease in general and an increase in specificity are phylum, class, order, and family and the most specific ranks are genus and species.
Therefore, Classification of biological organisms from most general to most specific is -
DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpeciesLearn more about biological organisms on:
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rna polymerase binds to a ________ to initiate the process of ________.
The RNA polymerase enzyme binds to a promoter to initiate the process of transcription.
What is transcription?Transcription is a biological process during which the genetic information present on a DNA strand is transcribed to genetic codes in a messenger RNA.
During the transcription of a gene, the coding strand of DNA unwinds and the RNA polymerase enzymes bind to a region on the DNA that specifies the beginning of the gene to be transcribed, otherwise known as the promoter region.
After the binding of the RNA polymerase, a primer also binds to complete the initiation complex. The RNA polymerase enzyme is responsible for elongating the primer by adding RNA nucleotides that are complementary to the sequence of nucleotides on the gene being transcribed.
At the end of the transcription process, the RNA polymerase disenages and the mRNA synthesized is processed.
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if cracked fissured vibrated or otherwise disturbed soil is not
if the soil has cracks, fissures, vibrates, or has been type B.
What kind of soil is cohesive yet has been tampered with or cracked?Type B soil is cohesive, frequently broken or disturbed, and has fragments that don't adhere to one another as well as Type A soil. Between 0.5 and 1.5 tons per square foot, Type B soil has a medium unconfined compressive strength.
What does Type 1 soil mean?Type A Soils, b. i. Cohesive soils classified as Type A Soils have an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square foot (tsf) (144 kPa) or more. Typical examples of Type A cohesive soils are clay, silty clay, sandy clay, clay loam, and, occasionally, silty clay loam and sandy clay loam.
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a hemoglobin molecule is composed of
Two alpha chains with 141 amino acid residues each and two beta chains with 146 amino acid residues each make up the four polypeptide chains that make up a hemoglobin molecule.
Who or what makes up hemoglobin?Alpha and beta polypeptide chains combine to form the two identical dimers that make up the tetramer hemoglobin. Hydrophobic interactions firmly attach the polypeptide chains to one another. The two dimers are bound together by weaker polar connections and are mobile with respect to one another.
Do four heme molecules exist in hemoglobin?Four polypeptide chains (Alpha 1, Beta 1, Alpha 2, Beta 2) that are noncovalently linked to one another make up the hemoglobin molecule. The heme-iron complexes number four. One Fe++ atom is included in a heme group in each chain.
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interspecific competition often leads to what disastrous outcome for the less fit species
Extinction is frequently caused by interspecific competition.
Less suited species may receive a smaller amount of the resources both species require. As a result, it is less probable that individuals from that species will survive, and it could even become extinct.
What is Interspecific competition?
The competition between members of various species is known as interspecific competition. We also recognize two types of competition under this category, but unlike intraspecific rivalry, which involves individuals from the same population, here the competition is between members of different species.
Additionally, there is interspecies rivalry between organisms of different species for resources. For instance, in ocean ecosystems, sharks, dolphins, and seabirds frequently consume the same species of fish. Direct and indirect competition both exist.
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QUESTION 5 Which of the following is not a lymphocyte? a.Natural killer cells b.T-cells c.B-cells d.Macrophages
Macrophages are not a lymphocyte. There are three primary kinds of lymphocytes: B cells, T-cells, and natural killer cells.
The T-cells, B-cells, and the natural killer (NK) cells are known as lymphocytes since they start from similar progenitor cells known as normal lymphoid progenitor cells. Lymphocytes are a sort of white platelet (or leukocyte). They assist a life form with battling diseases. They happen in a safe arrangement, everything being equal. In human grown-ups, lymphocytes make up about 20 to 40 percent of the complete number of white platelets. They are tracked down in the course and furthermore are packed in focal lymphoid organs and tissues, like the spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes, where the underlying safe reaction is probably going to happen.
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few adult workers, brood pattern is spotty, drone brood or drone adults are not necessarily present
This is a adult workers symptom that can be present in colonies. For a detailed example, see bee colonies. In bee colonies, they have workers that lay eggs but no queen. Since worker bees are female and have ovaries, they can lay eggs if the colony goes for a long period of time without a queen. But they will only be able to produce infertile eggs.
Why are worker bees considered female?Workers are nevertheless considered female for anatomical and genetic reasons. Genetically, a worker bee does not differ from a queen bee and can even become a laying worker bee, but in most species will produce only male (drone) offspring.The hive will likely be at its busiest during the summer, with between 20,000 and 50,000 bees. The majority of these bees are referred to as "workers," and they are infertile females who spend their entire lives collecting food, making wax cells, and filling those cells with honey and pollen.Learn more about bee colonies here: brainly.com/question/19972646
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4.9. The allele for black noses in woives dominant ove the allele for brown noses. There no known selective advantage for one nose color over another In wolves. If this remains true; which of the following statements most Iikely TRUE about the change in wolf nose colors over many generations? Black noses becomcMorc common than they are nOW Black noses will stay about Ihe same Irequency as now Black noses will become less common than they are now Brown noses will disappear after enough generations pass Aeemt Answver 5aved SimUText seivet. Q4.10. large population of Iand turtles 0n an isolated Island has two alleles for & that determines shell thickness The allele for thinner shells dominant over the gene allele for thicker shells. The thinner-shell allele occurs at frequercy of 8096- Assuming there is no net advantage thlck or thin shells what should the frequency of homozygous thlcker-shelled turtles be in the population? (Hint: Use large Punnett square [0 calculate the answer:) 1690 5080 6493 1/1 Iijt
The black noses will stay about the same frequency as they are now. Thus, the correct option is B.
The frequency of homozygous thicker-shelled turtles will be 64% in the population.
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce more successfully than other organisms in a population in a certain environment is known as a selective advantage. It serves as the foundation for population evolution through natural selection.
In wolves, the allele for a black nose predominates over the allele for a brown nose. There is no selective advantage, though. As a result, the frequency of the black nose character won't change.
Punnett Square Explanation:
Frequency of dominant allele (say p) = 0.4
Frequency of recessive allele (say q) = 1- 0.4 = 0.6
Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (AA)= p2= (0.4)2= 0.16
Frequency of heterozygous individuals (Aa)= 2pq = 2(0.4)(0.6) = 0.48
Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (aa)= q2= (0.6)2= 0.36
The correct questions are:
4.9. The allele for black noses in wolves is dominant over the allele for brown noses. There is no known selective advantage for one nose color over another in wolves. If this remains true, which of the following statements is most likely TRUE about the change in wolf nose colors over many generations?
Black noses will become more common than they are now.
Black noses will stay about the same frequency as now.
Black noses will become less common than they are now.
Brown noses will disappear after enough generations pass.
4.10. A large population of land turtles on an isolated island has two alleles for a gene that determines shell thickness. The allele for thinner shells is dominant over the allele for thicker shells. The thinner-shell allele occurs at a frequency of 80%. Assuming there is no net advantage to thick or thin shells, what should the frequency of homozygous thicker-shelled turtles be in the population? (Hint: Use a population Punnett square to calculate the answer.) ? 4% 16% 50% 64%
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what cell type is frequently bi-nucleated, contains membranous plaques and other specializations to to protect the organ from with hyperosmotic toxic components of urine in the bladder and ureter?
The ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys into the urinary bladder. They are made of smooth muscle fibers. Uretic peristalsis is the name of this procedure. The smooth muscular contraction in the ureter tubes during ureter peristalsis results in the continual movement of urine toward the bladder.
The ureter is 25–30 cm long and 3–4 mm in diameter in adults. One of the vital organs of the urinary tract that regulates the movement of urine is the ureter.The two ducts or structures that link the kidneys and bladder are referred to as the ureters. These smooth muscle structures' primary job is to move or convey urine from the kidney, where it is produced and filtered through blood, to the bladder, where it is stored before passing through the urethra for elimination. The ureters also start in the renal pelvis, a region of the kidneys, before moving downward to the bladder. The ureter, then, is the organ responsible for transferring urine from the kidney to the bladder.
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if a patient presents with an elevated lymphocyte count compared to other white blood cells, they likely have a(n) choose one: a. viral infection. b. allergy. c. parasite infection. d. bacterial infection.
If a patient presents with an elevated lymphocyte count compared to other white blood cells, they likely have a bacterial infection.
If your doctor determines that your lymphocyte count is high, the test end result is probably proof of one of the following conditions: infection (bacterial, viral, different) most cancers of the blood or lymphatic device. An autoimmune sickness inflicting ongoing (continual) infection.
Lymphocytes assist fight off diseases, so it is normal to look a brief growth after an infection. A count number considerably higher than three,000 lymphocytes in a microliter of blood is generally taken into consideration to be lymphocytosis in adults.
Lymphocytosis often outcomes from viral infections. micro organism and parasites can also reason infection, ensuing in a excessive lymphocyte depend. Infectious reasons of lymphocytosis include: Epstein-Barr virus (the virus that causes mononucleosis).
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find the mass of a 50ml quantity of water if the density of the water is 100g/ml.
Answer: 5000 g
Explanation: As the equation for density is D = M/V we can plug in our available units:
Density (D) = 100
Volume (V) = 50
ml is milliliters which means that that is our volume.
If you plug in these numbers you are left with the equation:
100= M/50
Solving this for M:
x50 100 = M/50 x50
5000 = m
This leads us to 5000 grams (from our density amount which is g/ml).
In an experiment, a student measures the force acting on a toy car and the toy car’s acceleration. Based the data collected a conclusion was drawn by the student that the amount of force applied affects acceleration. What reasoning led to the interpretation of the data and the conclusion?
A) As distance increases, the rate acceleration increases. As distance increases, the rate acceleration increases.
B) As distance increases, the rate acceleration decreases. As distance increases, the rate acceleration decreases.
C) As force increases, the rate acceleration increases. As force increases, the rate acceleration increases.
D) As force increases, the rate acceleration decreases. As force increases, the rate acceleration decreases.
C) As force increases, the rate acceleration increases. As force increases, the rate acceleration increases.
According to Newton's second law of motion, the force applied to an object is directly proportional to the acceleration it experiences. This means that if you apply more force to an object, it will accelerate more quickly. Conversely, if you apply less force to an object, it will accelerate more slowly.
So in this case, if the student measured an increase in force and an increase in acceleration, it is reasonable to conclude that the amount of force applied affects the acceleration of the toy car. This is the interpretation of the data that led to the conclusion.
please help
which statement is correct about the krebs cycle?
a. it occurs in the cytoplasm of cells
b. it produces electron carriers that supply the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration
c. it is a phase of anaerobic respiration that is performed by bacteria
d. it is the light-independent reaction in photosynthesis
Which of the following correctly describes the synthesis of proteins?
DNA is transmitted to mRNA, which then attaches to a ribosome where it is translated into a protein.
DNA is translated to tRNA, whihc then attaches to a ribosome where it is transcribed into a protein.
DNA is transcribed to mRNA, which then attaches to a ribosome where it is translated into a protein.
DNA is transcribed to tRNA, which then attaches to a ribosome where it is translated into a protein.
The amino acid sequence for the protein is translated onto a ribosome in the cytoplasm after being transcribed from an RNA strand in the nucleus.
How would you define protein synthesis?Cells create proteins through a process known as protein synthesis. Transcription and translation take place simultaneously. Transcription is the process by which genetic information is transformed from DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. Its three steps are initiation, elongation, and termination.
What is the step-by-step procedure for making proteins?Initiation, elongation, and termination are its three stages.Following processing, the mRNA transports the instructions to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.The ribosome, which is made up of proteins and rRNA, is where translation happens.
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explain the distribution of euglena in the partially shade dish.
how does this behavior benefit euglena
Highly light-sensitive. It avoids bright light and swims toward a normal light source, such one coming through a window. If Euglena culture is looked at.
What trait makes Euglena able to survive?Pyrenoids are found in the chloroplasts of Euglena and are employed in the production of paramylon, a type of starch energy storage that enables Euglena to endure periods of darkness. Pyrenoids serve as the genus' distinguishing characteristic, setting it apart from other euglenoids like Lepocinclis and Phacus.
Is Euglena good or bad for you?In the intestinal microbiota, Euglena boosted the good bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids, decreased the bad bacteria that induce inflammation, and increased the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids.
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Three organisms have part of a gene for a digestive enzyme sequenced, and homologous parts of those sequences are shown below. One organism is a fungus and the other two are green algae.
Organism | Sequence
1 | AGATTCGATTCGCTTTAAA
2 | ACAGTCGAT_CGGCATAAA
3 | AGAT_CGATTCGGTTTAAA
Based on this data, identify which organisms are which and explain why.
Organism 1 and 3 have homologous genome sequence while 2 is different and belongs to fungus.
What is homologous sequence?The biological homology that exists between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences is referred to as sequence homology. This homology is characterized in terms of common ancestry throughout the course of the evolution of life. Although sequences of homologous genes can be quite similar to one another, this does not necessarily indicate that the genes are homologous.
An key instrument for evaluating the structure, function, and evolution of proteins is a method known as inference of homology from protein sequences.
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(Please explain the correct answer-- I picked letter A)
The highest surface wind speeds occur when there is a:
A) 4 millibar air pressure difference between 2 nearby locations
B) 4 millibar air pressure difference between 2 distant locations
C) 20 millibar air pressure difference between 2 nearby locations
D) 20 millibar air pressure difference between 2 distant locations
The most notable difference between PrPC (normal protein) and PrPSc (prion protein) is
a. PrPC is a much longer polypeptide chain, compared to PrPSc.
b. PrPC causes a cell to undergo rapid apoptosis.
c. PrPc folds appropriately whereas PrPSc does not fold correctly.
d. PrPc is a functional glycolytic enzymewhereas PrPSc is nonfunctiona
The most notable difference between PrPC (normal protein) and PrPSc (prion protein) is (c) PrPc folds appropriately whereas PrPSc does not fold correctly.
Prions are proteins that have been folded incorrectly and have the ability to pass on their incorrect folding pattern to normally folded forms of the same protein. They describe a number of deadly and contagious neurodegenerative disorders in both humans and numerous other animals. The PrPc protein is a typical component of brain tissue. Prion disorders are characterised by the transformation of normal PrPc into the misfolded form of PrPSc. PrPSc is an insoluble conformer that is rich in beta structure, whereas PrPSc is a normal protein that is rich in alpha helices.
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the cells located in the leaves of plants contain large amounts of chloroplasts.what is the purpose of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Plants can catch the energy of the Sun in the form of energy-rich molecules thanks to organelles called chloroplasts; cell walls allow plants to have stiff structures as diverse as wood trunks and flexible leaflets; and vacuoles allow plant cells to alter size.
What are the primary functions of chloroplasts in plant cells?Photosynthesis and oxygen-release activities in chloroplasts provide energy, which supports plant growth and crop output. As a result, chloroplasts are in charge of producing active molecules such as amino acids, phytohormones, nucleotides, vitamins, lipids, and secondary metabolites.
They are in charge of photosynthesis, which is the process of converting light energy into sugar and other organic compounds that plants and algae utilize as sustenance.
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Carbohydrates will ferment in the following order from fastest to slowest. A. Sucrose fructose glucose starch water Water starch sucrose fructose glucose C Glucose sucrose fructose starch water D. Glucose fructose sucrose starch water What is your strategy? A. To determine the rate of fermentation, will measure the change in color of the solution_ To determine the rate of fermentation, will measure the height of the COz bubble produced. To determine the rate of fermentation, will measure the temperature of the solution D. To determine the rate of fermentation, will measure the pH of the solution.
Glucose will be the first one to ferment and will do so most quickly. The second carbohydrate has the slowest rate of fermentation and produces the least gas. And that is the starch and informed him that water was the only thing he should walk as.
What sugars ferment most quickly?Glycolysis occurs with all sugars. Because glucose is a Carbohydrates and does not need to be broken down, it ferments in yeast the fastest and most effectively of the three sugars (glucose, sucrose, and fructose). Because it is already in a useful state, it can be used right away in the glycolysis cycle.
Which ferments more quickly, glucose or sucrose?According to studies, some yeast and sugar varieties ferment at a higher rate than others. Our conclusion was that a monosaccharide's The rate of fermentation of a monosaccharide (glucose) would increase faster than that of a disaccharide (sucrose).
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Which of the following are homologous structures? A. The forelimb of a dog and the hindlimb of a cat
B. The mouth of a mosquito and the beak of a hummingbird
C. Wings of a butterfly and wings of a sparrow
D. The forelimb of a dog and the forelimb of a cat
Answer:
Explanation:
D. The forelimb of a dog and the forelimb of a cat
contaminated or soiled materials such as gloves, drapes, and sponges are potential sources to spread infectious agents. what should you do with all used or contaminated materials?
Contaminated or soiled materials such as gloves, drapes, and sponges are potential sources to spread infectious agents. Dispose of them in appropriately labelled containers.
How should we treat contaminated material?
Treatment options for hazardous waste include chemical, thermal, biological, and physical processes. Ion exchange, precipitation, oxidation, reduction, and neutralisation are examples of chemical processes. High-temperature incineration is one thermal approach that can both cleanse and destroy some organic wastes. Waste that is either solid, liquid, or sludge is burned using specialised thermal equipment. These comprise the liquid-injection incinerator, rotary kiln, fluidized-bed incinerator, and multiple-hearth furnace. The possibility of air pollution is one issue brought on by the combustion of hazardous trash.
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after teaching a group of students about the functions of the nervous system, the instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the students identify that a function is:
The teacher can tell that a lesson was effective when pupils acknowledge that managing body processes is a part of a function.
Signals from either the brain are sent to the remainder of the body, along with the internal organs, through the nervous system. Just a few of the processes that the nervous system regulates include the capacity to move, swallow, see, and think. The neuron is the fundamental building block of the nervous system.
The brain serves as the body's main computer and regulates all biological processes. To transmit information from the brain to certain other regions of the body, the remainder of the nervous system functions as a network.
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What are the potential uses of human stem cells and the obstacles that must be overcome before these potential uses will be realized?
When stem cells are instructed to develop into particular cell types, they may provide a reusable source of replacement tissues and cells for disorders like macular degeneration.
What is the main barrier to the utilization of stem cells?The main obstacle to a successful transplant of stem cells is immunological rejection. The immune system of an individual may also identify the donated cells as alien substances, which might result in an immunological response that causes the donated cells to be rejected.
What are the top three issues with employing human stem cells?Clinical problems The effectiveness of these treatments cannot be predicted, for instance, the replacement of lost nerve cells in Parkinson's patients by stem cells. The present challenge of selecting appropriate stems from
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the inheritance of eye color indicates that. choose one or more answers. a. eye color is determined by what a pregnant woman eats. b. other characteristics, such as the texture at the back of the eye, can affect the phenotype. c. two different genes, oca2 and herc2, determine eye color
The inheritance of eye color suggests that other traits, such the texture at the rear of the eye, can have an impact on the phenotypic, making Option B the correct response.
The inheritance of eye color is categorized as a Mendelian feature in its most basic form. Eye color has a more complicated pattern of inheritance based on the observation of more than two phenotypes. Different tints of eye color brown, hazel, green, blue, gray, and, in a few rare instances, violet and red, are among the ranges traits of eye color. Phenotypes include things like blood type, eye color, and hair color. Your eye color may be brown if you have a brown-eye phenotype, and your hair will likely be brown if you have a brown-hair phenotype.
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what mechanism coordinates the expression of multiple, related genes in eukaryotic cells?
The ability of a single repressor to silence several related genes. The genes have a single shared enhancer, which enables the right activators to switch on both of their transcriptions simultaneously.
What is the name of cells?All organic things are produced from simple units cell called. Millions of billions of cells make up the human body. They can provide skeletal structure, absorb the nutrients from the diet, translate those food to energy, and complete tasks.
Why are cells alive?All living things have basic building blocks called cells. In addition to absorbing nutrients from meals and performing other crucial tasks, cells provide the body structure. To build tissues, cells assemble into groups. to produce organs, which in turn clump together? the heart and the brain, for example.
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The primary goal of conservation biology is to integrate human culture back into nature estimate the total number of species that exist catalog species maximize the land set aside for wildlife counter the loss of biodiversity
The primary goal of conservation biology is counter the loss of biodiversity
Conservation biology as a discipline aims to provide answers to specific questions that can be applied to management decisions. The main goal is to establish workable methods for preserving species and their biological communities.
The major goal of conservation biology is to: preserve the diversity of living organisms.
the goals of conservation biology Conservation biologists seek to maintain three important aspects of life on Earth: biological diversity, ecological integrity, and ecological health. Biological diversity is a measure of the diversity of all life at all levels of organisation.
Conservation may be classified as either in-situ conservation, which is protecting an endangered species in its natural habitat, or ex-situ conservation, which occurs outside the natural habitat. In-situ conservation involves protecting or restoring the habitat.
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how does the intestinal mucosa prevent the development of food allergies mounted against innocuous food antigens? group of answer choices it has several tolerogenic (aka immunosuppressive) mechanisms that inhibit immune activation to non-infectious material there are no adaptive immune cells (t or b cells) in the intestine no antibodies can cross the intestinal epithelium to initiate complement signaling all food antigens are broken down into individual atoms before reaching the intestine
There are no adaptive immune cells (t or b cells) in the intestine .
In general, the epithelial cells transport antibodies, particularly IgA, into the intestinal lumen and these specialized antibodies helps to contribute and act as a barrier by excluding the uptake of antigens or microbes.
So, in order to prevent a food allergy reaction it is required to completely avoid the food and any product that may contain any such ingredient. Intolerant Food never trigger the immune system and also not considered life threatening, although it may cause similar symptoms like diarrhea and stomach pain.
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platelets are:___.
a. red cells that lack a nucleus
b. blue cells that have a nucleus.
c. tiny cells with a polynucleus.
d. cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.
e. large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus.
Red blood cells make up the bottom red layer, while platelets and white blood cells (WBCs) make up the middle white layer (RBCs).
Red cells without a nucleus are platelets, right?Platelets lack a nucleus of their own because they are not cells. However, they do have a lot of granules (or vesicles). The liver and kidneys secrete the hormone thrombopoietin, which controls the development of megakaryocytes and platelets.
Do platelets include nucleus DNA?Therefore, rather than being complete cells, platelets resemble cell fragments. The fact that platelets lack a nucleus and supporting DNA material is arguably one of the greatest arguments in favor of this theory (apart from the mitochondrial genome).
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you extract and sequence dna from human bones in a ancient village buried in ash. there is a high frequency of lct allele for lactase persistence. what could be concluded about this population? group of answer choices
Most likely, domesticated livestock were used by the people in this population for milk.
How can the rates of immigration and emigration be interpreted?Both the rate of immigration and the rate of emigration are equal. 5. Disease and parasitism, both of which depend on population density, have an impact on the rabbit population. The age distribution and exponential growth rate r of a stable population are both governed by vital rates, which also influence the structure of the population (mortality, fertility).
What does population size depend on birth rates and immigration and emigration?Births and immigration bring new people into a population. Both deaths and emigration cause them to lose people. How quickly a population expands depends on all of these factors.
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