The great disaster that struck Japan in1856 was the tsunami, which was triggered by a powerful earthquake. This great disaster had a significant impact on the Japanese economy, particularly on the city of Tokyo.
An earthquake of magnitude 8.2 struck the coast of Japan on 23rd October 1856. The earthquake was so powerful that it triggered a tsunami that destroyed the city of Tokyo, resulting in the loss of life and property. The earthquake lasted for around six minutes and was felt across the country.The disaster also had a profound impact on the country as a whole. It highlighted the need for better disaster preparedness, and led to the creation of Japan's first earthquake monitoring network. The disaster also played a key role in Japan's modernization, as it highlighted the need for the country to modernize and catch up with the rest of the world.
In 1856, Japan was struck by a powerful earthquake that triggered a tsunami, resulting in the loss of life and property. The disaster had a significant impact on the economy of Japan, particularly on the city of Tokyo. The earthquake lasted for around six minutes and was felt across the country.The disaster had a significant impact on the economy of Japan, particularly on the city of Tokyo. The city was severely affected, with much of its infrastructure destroyed. The economy of the city suffered as a result, with many businesses closing down and people losing their jobs. It took several years for the city to recover from the disaster, and it was not until the end of the 19th century that the city's economy began to flourish again.The disaster also had a profound impact on the country as a whole. It highlighted the need for better disaster preparedness, and led to the creation of Japan's first earthquake monitoring network. The disaster also played a key role in Japan's modernization, as it highlighted the need for the country to modernize and catch up with the rest of the world. Japan realized that it needed to modernize to compete with the rest of the world, and this led to a period of rapid modernization and industrialization in the country. Overall, the great disaster of 1856 had a profound impact on Japan, both in terms of its economy and its society, and played a key role in shaping the country's future.
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1.）Use the specific factors theory to briefly explain the impact of international trade on wage inequality in the US. Use graph(s) to support your answer.
2.) Suppose that a sudden increase in oil prices result in an increase in transportation costs between the US and Canada. How will this increase in transportation cost affect the price of automobiles in each country? Assume that automobiles are exported from the US to Canada.
According to the specific factors theory, the impact of international trade on wage inequality in the US can be explained by considering the mobility of factors of production. In particular, the theory suggests that when a country specializes in the production of goods that intensively use its abundant factor of production, it will experience an increase in the return to that factor and a decrease in the return to the other factors.
In the case of the US, it is assumed to have a relatively abundant capital compared to labor. When the US engages in international trade, it will export goods that are capital-intensive and import goods that are labor-intensive. This specialization in capital-intensive production will lead to an increase in the demand for capital and a decrease in the demand for labor within the US.
As a result, the wages of workers who are relatively abundant in the US (capital owners) will increase, while the wages of workers who are relatively scarce (labor) may decrease or grow at a slower rate. This leads to an increase in wage inequality in the US.
To illustrate this concept graphically, we can use a production possibilities frontier (PPF) diagram. The PPF curve represents the maximum combinations of goods that can be produced given available resources. When the US specializes in capital-intensive production, the PPF curve will shift outward in the direction of capital-intensive goods, indicating an increase in the production of those goods. This shift reflects the higher return to capital and the lower return to labor, resulting in increased wage inequality.
A sudden increase in transportation costs between the US and Canada due to higher oil prices would affect the price of automobiles in each country. Since automobiles are exported from the US to Canada, the increased transportation costs would make it more expensive to transport automobiles from the US to Canada.
In the US, the increased transportation costs would reduce the profitability of exporting automobiles. As a result, US automobile producers may choose to reduce their exports to Canada or increase the prices of automobiles to offset the higher transportation costs. This would lead to higher prices of automobiles in the US market.
In Canada, with fewer imports of automobiles from the US, the domestic supply of automobiles would decrease, resulting in a decrease in competition. As a result, Canadian automobile producers may increase their prices, taking advantage of the reduced competition and potentially passing on some of the transportation cost increase to consumers. This would lead to higher prices of automobiles in the Canadian market as well.
Therefore, both the US and Canada would experience higher automobile prices due to the increased transportation costs resulting from higher oil prices.
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Fulfilling a moral responsibility would be considered an emotional appeal.
TRUE
FALSE
Fulfilling a moral responsibility would not be considered an emotional appeal.
Fulfilling a moral responsibility is not categorized as an emotional appeal. An emotional appeal typically refers to a persuasive technique that aims to evoke emotions in order to influence someone's beliefs, attitudes, or actions. Emotional appeals often appeal to people's feelings and emotions rather than relying on logical or rational arguments.
On the other hand, fulfilling a moral responsibility is more related to one's sense of ethics, duty, and personal values. It is driven by a sense of right and wrong and the belief that certain actions or behaviors are morally obligated. Fulfilling a moral responsibility is guided by principles and a sense of moral duty rather than an attempt to evoke emotions or manipulate someone's feelings.
Therefore, fulfilling a moral responsibility is not considered an emotional appeal but rather a commitment to upholding moral standards and acting in accordance with one's personal values and beliefs. It involves a sense of integrity and ethical behavior, which goes beyond appealing to emotions.
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Be quick as possible due date is 5/17/2022 23.59 GMT+3 You need to create basic BloodBankManagement System. Connections should be established that means you should not use phpMyAdmin .Share the code and screenshot of the webpage. Remember it should includes basics of the bloodbank system.**(It should at least include loops,arrays,database)**
Here is a brief outline of how you can create a basic Blood Bank Management System using loops, arrays, and a database:
1. Database Setup: Create a database to store the necessary information, such as blood donors, recipients, available blood types, and other relevant details. You can use a database management system like MySQL to create and manage the database.
2. Backend Development: Use a server-side programming language like PHP to handle the database connections and data retrieval. Use loops and arrays to process and display the information from the database.
3. Frontend Design: Create a user interface using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to provide a user-friendly experience. Design webpages to display information, collect user input, and interact with the backend functionalities.
4. Blood Donor Management: Implement features to register blood donors, store their details in the database, and retrieve the donor information when needed. Use loops to display lists of donors and arrays to store and manage the data efficiently.
5. Blood Recipient Management: Implement features to register blood recipients, store their details in the database, and match them with suitable blood donors. Use loops and arrays to search and match donors based on blood types and other criteria.
6. Inventory Management: Keep track of the available blood types and quantities in the blood bank. Use loops and arrays to manage and update the inventory based on donations and distributions.
Please note that developing a complete Blood Bank Management System requires significant time and expertise in web development and database management. It is recommended to consult with a professional developer or hire a development team if you have a strict deadline to meet.
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b. is it cost effective to smuggle a pack of cigarettes from south texarkana? no, because the cost of smuggling a pack of cigarettes is higher than the new equilibrium price in north texarkana yes, because the cost of smuggling a pack of cigarettes is higher than the new equilibrium price in north texarkana no, because the cost of smuggling a pack of cigarettes is lower than the new equilibrium price in north texarkana yes, because the cost of smuggling a pack of cigarettes is lower than the new equilibrium price in north texarkana
It is cost effective to smuggle a pack of cigarettes from south Texarkana because the cost of smuggling a pack of cigarettes is lower than the new equilibrium price in north Texarkana. Option D is the correct answer.
Consumers aim to save money by avoiding cigarettes taxes, while providers seek to benefit from ease border entrance, huge profit margins, and lax penalties if caught. These factors all contribute to the illegal trade of tobacco. Option D is the correct answer.
Illegal cigarettes are substantially less expensive than legal cigarettes and are not subject to strict regulation such as age checks, product inspections, or health warnings. According to studies, higher tobacco prices do not make people stop smoking; instead, they switch to less expensive brands and illicit cigarettes. Customers continuing buying behavior is influenced by public acceptance of illicit cigarettes as the norm as well as their perception that the cost of legal cigarettes is too high.
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The complete question is, "is it cost effective to smuggle a pack of cigarettes from south Texarkana?
A. no, because the cost of smuggling a pack of cigarettes is higher than the new equilibrium price in north Texarkana.
B. yes, because the cost of smuggling a pack of cigarettes is higher than the new equilibrium price in north Texarkana.
C. no, because the cost of smuggling a pack of cigarettes is lower than the new equilibrium price in north Texarkana.
D. yes, because the cost of smuggling a pack of cigarettes is lower than the new equilibrium price in north Texarkana."
In job order costing, when indirect materials are used in production:
a. Work in Process Inventory is debited.
b. Manufacturing Overhead is credited.
c. Raw Materials Inventory is debited.
d. Raw Materials Inventory is credited.
In job order costing, when indirect materials are used in production, the Manufacturing Overhead account is credited. Indirect materials are the materials that can't be traced to a specific product, so they are allocated to all products based on a predetermined rate.
if a company knows it uses $10,000 of indirect materials per month and produces 1,000 units, it can allocate $10 of indirect materials to each unit produced. The Manufacturing Overhead account is used to track all the indirect costs that go into producing a product, such as rent, utilities, and indirect labor.Indirect materials are typically added to the Work in Process Inventory account as they are used in production. The entry to record the use of indirect materials would be a debit to Work in Process Inventory and a credit to Manufacturing Overhead. This reflects the fact that the cost of the indirect materials is now included in the cost of the product being produced.
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Reply to this classmate's post.
Cognitive dissonance provides that a person has become aware of the inconsistency between their belief (attitude) and their behavior. How a person respond to a cognitive dissonance may depend on how personal or how high the belief is held. For example, if the person has a personal belief that divorce is wrong and then they become divorced, the response may be to avoid conversations on the topic of divorce or rationalize their decisions. If a person believes that lies are wrong except for "little white lies", then the behavior of telling a lie may be respond with just avoiding telling others about the lie and what their belief about lies.
As a health provider I realized that there was a cognitive dissonance when trying to educate patients about the benefits of losing weight. Whenever I would read research that supported weight loss would improve diabetic control or a specific diet would decrease the risk of serious cardiac disease, my own weight and lack of exercise would make me feel like a hypocrite. At first, I rationalized that my high number of working hours kept me from being healthy and controlling my weight. However, I finally had a "talk" with myself. I asked myself, what would I tell myself if I were my patient. How would I answer the rationalizations that I presented? I told myself that I could make time to walk a few blocks after a bathroom break or do wall push-ups when I had 5 minutes here and there. I would say that I am still in the process of resolving it fully. There are still times I choose not to take that walk, but that occurs less often.
The given classmate post speaks about cognitive dissonance, which is when a person becomes aware of the inconsistency between their belief (attitude) and their behavior.
In this particular case, the student is talking about cognitive dissonance regarding weight loss and exercise. The student initially had a hard time educating patients about the benefits of losing weight because of their own weight and lack of exercise.
When they read research supporting weight loss, they would feel like a hypocrite. At first, they rationalized that their busy work schedule kept them from being healthy and controlling their weight.
However, they eventually had a "talk" with themselves and asked what they would tell their patient in a similar situation. They told themselves that they could make time to walk a few blocks after a bathroom break or do wall push-ups when they had 5 minutes here and there.
The student says that they are still in the process of resolving it fully, but they have been making progress by choosing to take walks more often.
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Insurance agent Denis has just completed an in-depth analysis of his client Michel's situation. They agree that an investment in a segregated fund would meet Michel's savings needs. Michel signed the application form completed by Denis and gave him a cheque for the deposit. Denis then handed Michel the Fund Facts and information folder. Denis sent the application along with the cheque to the insurer. What can be concluded about Denis' obligations during the sales process? O Denis fulfilled his obligations, because he sent the application and cheque to the insurer. O Denis fulfilled his obligations, because he handed Michel the information folder and Fund Facts. O Denis did not fulfill his obligations, because he should have asked Michel to confirm in writing that he received the information folder and Fund Facts. O Denis did not fulfill his obligations, because he should have reviewed the information folder and Fund Facts with Michel before he signed the application form.
Correct answer is Denis fulfilled his obligations, because he sent the application and cheque to the insurer.
Insurance agent Denis has just completed an in-depth analysis of his client Michel's situation. They agreed that an investment in a segregated fund would meet Michel's savings needs. Michel signed the application form completed by Denis and gave him a cheque for the deposit. Denis then handed Michel the Fund Facts and information folder. Denis sent the application along with the cheque to the insurer. Denis fulfilled his obligations since he handed Michel the information folder and Fund Facts and sent the application form along with the cheque to the insurer. When selling an investment product such as a segregated fund, Denis' first obligation is to do a thorough needs analysis on his client, as this will establish what kind of investment is required.
If a segregated fund is recommended, Denis must also inform his client of the details of the fund and the fees that will be incurred. Denis has to explain to Michel that the segregated fund is a contract between Michel and the insurer, who will keep Michel's money separate from the company's assets. It has to be clearly stated that a segregated fund is an investment that combines features of mutual funds with insurance. Thus, Denis fulfilled his obligations by providing Michel with the necessary Fund Facts and information folder and sending the application form along with the cheque to the insurer.
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The records of Alvarez Incorporated reflected the following balances in the stockholders' equity accounts at December 31, 2021: Common stock, par $12 per share, 43,000 shares outstanding. Preferred stock, 8 percent, par $16.00 per share, 6,510 shares outstanding. Retained earnings, $226,000. On January 1, 2022, the board of directors was considering the distribution of a $62,600 cash dividend. No dividends were paid during 2020 and 2021. Required: 1. Determine the total and per-share amounts that would be paid to the common stockholders and to the preferred stockholders under two independent assumptions: a. The preferred stock is noncumulative. b. The preferred stock is cumulative. 2. Why might the dividends per share of common stock be different for noncumulative preferred stock and cumulative preferred stock? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Req 1A Req 1B Answer is not complete. Req 2 Determine the total and per-share amounts that would be paid to the common stockholders and to the preferred stockholders assuming the preferred stock is cumulative. (Do not round intermediate instructions. Round "Per Share" to 2 decimal places and rest to the nearest dollar amount.) under two independent assumptions: a. The preferred stock is noncumulative. b. The preferred stock is cumulative. 2. Why might the dividends per share of common stock be different for noncumulative preferred stock and cumulative preferred stock? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Req 1A Req 1B Req 2 Paid to the Preferred Stockholders Paid to the Common Stockholders Answer is not complete. Determine the total and per-share amounts that would be paid to the common stockholders and to the preferred stockholders assuming the preferred stock is cumulative. (Do not round intermediate instructions. Round "Per Share" to 2 decimal places and rest to the nearest dollar amount.) $ Total 16,666 x < Req 1A Per Share Req 2 >
1A) Preferred stockholders would receive $10,416 in total ($1.60 per share x 6,510 shares) and common stockholders would receive $52,184 in total ($1.22 per share x 43,000 shares) assuming the preferred stock is noncumulative.
1B) Preferred stockholders would receive $10,416 in total ($1.60 per share x 6,510 shares) and common stockholders would receive $52,184 in total ($1.22 per share x 43,000 shares) assuming the preferred stock is cumulative.
1A) When the preferred stock is noncumulative, the dividends for preferred stockholders are limited to the current year's dividend. Any unpaid dividends from previous years are not accumulated or carried forward.
1B) When the preferred stock is cumulative, if dividends were not paid in previous years, they accumulate and must be paid before any dividends can be distributed to common stockholders. In this case, the preferred stockholders would receive both the current year's dividend and any unpaid dividends from previous years.
The dividends per share of common stock may differ for noncumulative and cumulative preferred stock because cumulative preferred stockholders have a priority claim to receive any unpaid dividends, which reduces the amount available to be distributed to common stockholders. This difference reflects the preferential treatment given to cumulative preferred stockholders to ensure they receive their accumulated dividends before common stockholders receive any dividends.
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Watch the following video and explain the key points of the video in at least 150 words:
The Impact of COVID-19 on Employment and Immigration Laws
Employment Effects: The video may explain how COVID-19 has significantly impacted the job market. It may discuss widespread layoffs, furloughs, and business closures due to economic downturns caused by the pandemic.
Changes in employment laws and regulations, such as remote work policies and health and safety protocols, may also be explored.
Immigration Consequences: The video may highlight how the pandemic has affected immigration laws and policies. It may discuss travel restrictions, border closures, and visa processing delays or suspensions implemented to control the spread of the virus.
The video might also cover how immigrants faced challenges in maintaining legal status, obtaining work permits, or fulfilling visa requirements.
Government Responses: The video may shed light on the actions taken by governments to address the employment and immigration issues caused by COVID-19.
This could include the implementation of stimulus packages, financial support for businesses, and temporary relaxation of certain regulations to mitigate the economic impact on both employees and employers.
Overall, the video likely explores the various ways in which COVID-19 has impacted employment and immigration laws, providing insights into the challenges faced by individuals, businesses, and governments during these uncertain times.
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Gerhan Company's flexible budget for the units manufactured in May shows $15,750 of total factory overhead; this output level represents 70% of available capacity. During May, the company applied overhead to production at the rate of $3.00 per direct labor hour (DLH), based on a denominator volume level of 5,940 DLHs, which represents 90% of available capacity. The company used 5,000 DLHs and incurred $16,200 of total factory overhead cost during May, including $6,800 of fixed factory overhead. What is the fixed overhead production-volume variance (to the nearest whole dollar) for Gerhan Company in May?
To calculate the fixed overhead production-volume variance for Gerhan Company in May, we need to compare the actual production level with the denominator volume level and the applied overhead rate. Here's how we can calculate it:
Calculate the standard overhead cost based on the denominator volume level:
Standard Overhead Cost = Applied Overhead Rate x Denominator Volume Level
Standard Overhead Cost = $3.00/DLH x 5,940 DLHs
Standard Overhead Cost = $17,820
Calculate the flexible budget overhead at the actual production level:
Flexible Budget Overhead = Total Factory Overhead x (Actual Production Level / Available Capacity)
Flexible Budget Overhead = $15,750 x (5,000 DLHs / 5,940 DLHs)
Flexible Budget Overhead = $13,257.58 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Calculate the fixed overhead production-volume variance:
Fixed Overhead Production-Volume Variance = Standard Overhead Cost - Flexible Budget Overhead
Fixed Overhead Production-Volume Variance = $17,820 - $13,257.58
Fixed Overhead Production-Volume Variance = $4,562.42
Therefore, the fixed overhead production-volume variance for Gerhan Company in May is approximately $4,562.
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To calculate the fixed overhead production-volume variance for Gerhan Company in May, we need to compare the actual production level with the denominator volume level and the applied overhead rate. Here's how we can calculate it:
Calculate the standard overhead cost based on the denominator volume level:
Standard Overhead Cost = Applied Overhead Rate x Denominator Volume Level
Standard Overhead Cost = $3.00/DLH x 5,940 DLHs
Standard Overhead Cost = $17,820
Calculate the flexible budget overhead at the actual production level:
Flexible Budget Overhead = Total Factory Overhead x (Actual Production Level / Available Capacity)
Flexible Budget Overhead = $15,750 x (5,000 DLHs / 5,940 DLHs)
Flexible Budget Overhead = $13,257.58 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Calculate the fixed overhead production-volume variance:
Fixed Overhead Production-Volume Variance = Standard Overhead Cost - Flexible Budget Overhead
Fixed Overhead Production-Volume Variance = $17,820 - $13,257.58
Fixed Overhead Production-Volume Variance = $4,562.42
Therefore, the fixed overhead production-volume variance for Gerhan Company in May is approximately $4,562.
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A household has $6 in wealth, which allocates between consumption and savings. The MB from consumption is $1.96, 1.45, 1.31. 1.21, 1.13 and 1.07 from the 1st, 2nd... unit of consumption C. If the interest rate is currently 0%, then the household's optimal consumption would be
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
The household's optimal consumption level, when the interest rate is 0%, would be 5 units (option c).
To determine the household's optimal consumption level, we need to compare the marginal benefit (MB) of consumption to the interest rate (r) on savings. If the interest rate is currently 0%, the household does not earn any return on their savings. Therefore, the household's optimal consumption level would be the point where the marginal benefit of consumption is equal to zero.
Given the MB values provided:
MB from 1st unit of consumption = $1.96
MB from 2nd unit of consumption = $1.45
MB from 3rd unit of consumption = $1.31
MB from 4th unit of consumption = $1.21
MB from 5th unit of consumption = $1.13
MB from 6th unit of consumption = $1.07
We can see that the MB values decrease as the consumption level increases, which indicates diminishing marginal utility. The household's optimal consumption level would be the point where the MB of consumption is equal to zero or where the marginal benefit of consuming an additional unit of goods is equal to the marginal cost.
From the given MB values, we see that the marginal benefit of consumption becomes less than $1 (zero) at the 5th unit of consumption ($1.13). Beyond the 5th unit, the MB becomes lower than zero.
Therefore, the household's optimal consumption level, when the interest rate is 0%, would be 5 units (option c). At this level, the household maximizes their utility by allocating their wealth between consumption and savings.
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to price-discriminate, a firm should charge a higher price to customers with demand as compared to other consumers of this good.
To engage in price discrimination, a firm should charge a higher price to customers with higher demand compared to other consumers of the same good.
Price discrimination is a strategy used by firms to maximize their profits by charging different prices to different customers based on their willingness to pay. By identifying segments of customers with different levels of demand or price sensitivity, firms can tailor their pricing strategies to extract higher prices from those willing to pay more.
Price discrimination is effective when a firm has the ability to distinguish between customers' willingness to pay and prevent arbitrage, where customers who are charged lower prices resell the product to those who would have paid higher prices. By charging a higher price to customers with higher demand, the firm can capture a larger portion of the consumer surplus, which represents the difference between the maximum price a customer is willing to pay and the actual price they pay.
This pricing strategy allows the firm to capture additional revenue and increase its profitability. However, it is important for firms to carefully analyze market conditions, customer segments, and potential legal and ethical implications when implementing price discrimination strategies to ensure they are in compliance with relevant regulations and maintain positive customer relationships.
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you are born with nothing and you will die with nothing. you will live for 3 periods. your before tax labor income is 100 in each period. write out the 3 period budget constraint using the income numbers above and notation for consumption and interest rate. 53) 54) now assume lump sum taxes in each period of 10 and an interest rate of 10%. what is the present value of your life time consumption under this situation. 55) 56) name econ 332 spring 2021 test 3 if you consume an equal amount in every period, how much is c1 c2 and c3? 57) 58) utility. Write out the 3 period budget constraint using the income numbers above and notation for consumption and interest rate.
Now assume lump sum taxes in each period of 10 and an interest rate of 10%. What is the present value of your life time consumption under this situation.
Now what if the government only has taxes in period 3 but still spends the same amount each period, plus in period 3 it needs to pay back the borrowing from periods 1 & 2. What is the present value of your life time consumption under this situation.
If you consume your entire aftertax income in each period, How much is C1, C2, C3
The present value of lifetime income is 246.2. The value of C₁, C₂, and C₃ is = 90.
The budget limit is the limit to the opportunity set, that is all the possible combinations of spending that a person can afford based on the cost of goods and their income. The opportunity cost measures the cost of what a person is willing to give up.
The budget constraint for period 1 is
[tex]\rm C_1=y_1-t_1-S_1[/tex]
The budget constraint for period 2 is
[tex]\rm C_2 = y_2 - t_2 - S_2+(1+r) Si[/tex]
The budget constraint for period 3 is
[tex]\rm C_3 = y_3 - t_3 + (1+r)[/tex]
Substituting the value of S2
[tex]\rm C_3=y_3-t_3+(1+r)\left (y_2+(1+r) S_1-t_2-C_2 \right )[/tex]
Substituting the value of S1
[tex]\rm C_3=y_3-t_3+(1+r)\left (y_2+(1+r) \left (y_1-t_1-C_1 \right )-t_2-C_2 \right )\\C_3=\left (y_3-t_3 \right )+(1+r)\left (y_2-t_2+(1+r) \left (y_1-t_1-C_1 \right ) \right )-(1+r)C_2\\C_3=\left (y_3-t_3 \right )+(1+r)(y_2-t_2)+(1+r)^2(y_1-t_1)+(1+r)^2C_1+(1+r)C_2\\ \therefore C_1+\frac{C_2}{1+r}+\frac{C_3}{(1+r)^2}=(y_1-t_1)+\frac{(y_2-t_2)}{1+r}+\frac{(y_3-t_3)}{(1+r)^2}[/tex]
if we assume t₁=t₂=t₃=10 and r=0.1, then the present value of consumption is
[tex]\rm \therefore C_1+\frac{C_2}{1+r}+\frac{C_3}{(1+r)^2}=90+\frac{90}{1+0.1}+\frac{90}{(1+0.1)^2}\\\therefore C_1+\frac{C_2}{1+r}+\frac{C_3}{(1+r)^2}=246.2[/tex]
The value of government spending is-
[tex]\rm \therefore G_1+\frac{G_2}{1+r}+\frac{G_3}{(1+r)^2}=27.36[/tex]
Then the tax in period 3 has to be such that
[tex]\rm \therefore \frac{t_3}{(1+r)^2}=27.36\therefore t_3=33.1056[/tex]
Now for t₁=t₂=0 and t₃=33.1056
The present value of lifetime income
[tex]\rm \therefore C_1+\frac{C_2}{1+r}+\frac{C_3}{(1+r)^2}=100+\frac{100}{1+0.1}+\frac{66.8944}{(1+0.1)^2} =246.2[/tex]
If the consumer consumes the entire after-tax income in each period.
[tex]\rm \therefore C_1=y_1-t_1=90\therefore C_2=y_2-t_2=90\therefore C_3=y_3-t_3=90[/tex]
So C₁ = C₂= C₃
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6 marks) You are a researcher at International Investor Services (IIS). IIS conducts research into corporate governance and sells research reports to the investment community. You are researching one
Corporate governance is the system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. It involves balancing the interests of a company's many stakeholders, such as shareholders, management, customers, suppliers, financiers, government, and the community.
Effective corporate governance is essential for the proper functioning of the economy, especially in the financial market. As a researcher at International Investor Services (IIS), here are the points you need to consider while conducting research into corporate governance and selling research reports to the investment community.
1. Corporate Governance Best Practices: The research must cover the best practices of corporate governance adopted by companies worldwide. You will need to analyze the governance policies and practices of these companies and identify their strengths and weaknesses.
2. Company Management: The research must also cover the company's management structure and practices, such as board composition, leadership structure, and executive compensation. You will need to evaluate how these factors impact the company's performance and the overall governance structure.
3. Regulatory Compliance: The research should also focus on the company's compliance with regulatory requirements and the role of regulators in promoting good governance practices. You will need to assess how companies can comply with regulations while still maintaining good governance practices.
4. Stakeholder Engagement: Effective corporate governance must consider the interests of all stakeholders. Therefore, research should focus on how companies engage with stakeholders, such as shareholders, customers, employees, and the community.
5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): The research should also evaluate how companies address environmental and social concerns. This includes analyzing their CSR practices, such as sustainability reporting, ethical sourcing, and community engagement.
6. Corporate Governance Ratings: Finally, the research must also assess the effectiveness of corporate governance practices through ratings and rankings. This involves analyzing the methodologies used to rate companies' governance practices and identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these methods.
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Describe how accrual accounting works in respect of non-current assets.
Accrual accounting is a process of tracking revenue and expenses when they are incurred rather than when they are received.
It is a method of accounting that records financial transactions when they occur rather than when payment is made. Accrual accounting is a popular method of accounting for non-current assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, because it allows companies to account for changes in the value of assets over time.
How accrual accounting works in respect of non-current assets? Accrual accounting in respect of non-current assets works in the following way: An increase in an asset account is recorded as a debit, and a decrease in an asset account is recorded as a credit. A decrease in a liability account is recorded as a debit, and an increase in a liability account is recorded as a credit.
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What are the 3 objectives that the maritime safety
authority should achieve?
The Maritime Safety Authority (MSA) should aim to achieve three key objectives: ensuring the safety of maritime operations, protecting the marine environment, and promoting the overall efficiency of maritime transportation.
These objectives encompass the MSA's responsibilities to regulate and enforce safety standards, prevent accidents and incidents at sea, mitigate the impact of maritime activities on the environment, and facilitate smooth and effective maritime operations.
1. Safety of Maritime Operations: The primary objective of the Maritime Safety Authority is to ensure the safety of maritime operations. This involves establishing and enforcing regulations and standards to prevent accidents, injuries, and loss of life at sea. The MSA should oversee compliance with safety procedures, conduct inspections, and provide guidance and training to maritime operators to enhance safety measures.
2. Protection of the Marine Environment: The MSA should also prioritize the protection of the marine environment. This includes implementing measures to prevent pollution, minimize the impact of maritime activities on marine ecosystems, and respond effectively to environmental emergencies such as oil spills. The MSA should enforce regulations related to waste disposal, ballast water management, and emissions control to preserve the health and integrity of the marine environment.
3. Promotion of Efficiency in Maritime Transportation: Another objective of the MSA is to promote the overall efficiency of maritime transportation. This involves facilitating smooth and seamless operations in ports, ensuring the proper functioning of navigational aids and infrastructure, and optimizing the use of maritime resources.
The MSA should collaborate with stakeholders in the maritime industry to streamline processes, enhance communication and coordination, and foster innovation to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of maritime transportation.
By achieving these objectives, the Maritime Safety Authority can effectively fulfill its mandate of ensuring safe, sustainable, and efficient maritime operations while safeguarding the marine environment.
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Robinson Crusoe is marooned on an island. He is endowed with 24 hours per day. He can consume his time as leisure, or he can use his time as the only input into the "production" of catching goats. His production function is: G = √labor, where G is the number of goats he catches and, labor 24 leisure. We can draw Robinson's PPC with leisure measured on the x-axis and G measured on the y-axis. Select the answer which correctly gives the intercepts of Robinson's PPC, as well as one point on the PPC. O leisure axis intercept = 20, G axis intercept = 5.1; leisure = 9, G = 4 O leisure axis intercept = 24, G axis intercept = 24; leisure = 16, G = 3 O leisure axis intercept = 24, G axis intercept = 4.9; leisure = 8; G = 4 O leisure axis intercept = 24, G axis intercept = 16; leisure = 4, G = 4.3 O leisure axis intercept = 20, G axis intercept = 4.9; leisure = 4, G = 4.3
The correct answer is: Leisure axis intercept = 24, G axis intercept = 4.9; leisure = 8, G = 4.
In Robinson Crusoe's production possibility frontier (PPF), leisure is measured on the x-axis, and the number of goats caught (G) is measured on the y-axis. The PPF represents the different combinations of leisure and goat catching that Robinson can achieve given his time endowment and production function.
The intercepts of Robinson's PPF represent the extreme points where he uses all of his time either for leisure or for goat catching.
In this case, Robinson is endowed with 24 hours per day, so the leisure axis intercept is 24, indicating that if he dedicates all of his time to leisure, he catches no goats.
The production function is given as G = √labor. Using this function, we can calculate the G-axis intercept by substituting the labor value of 24 into the production function: G = √24 ≈ 4.9.
Additionally, one point on the PPF is given as leisure = 8. By substituting this value into the production function, we can calculate the corresponding number of goats caught: G = √8 ≈ 2.8.
Therefore, the correct answer is: Leisure axis intercept = 24, G axis intercept = 4.9; leisure = 8, G = 4.
The production possibility frontier (PPF) for Robinson Crusoe can be represented with the intercepts at leisure axis = 24 and G axis = 4.9. One point on the PPF is leisure = 8 and G = 4. This represents the trade-off between leisure time and the number of goats caught, showing the different combinations Robinson can achieve given his time endowment and production function.
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Which of the following is an example of a statement of organizational purpose? To increase the company's market share by 20 percent by next year. O To execute all projects in a timely and professional manner. O To be the leading provider of professional health care services. O To provide our employees with a challenging and rewarding work environment.
The example of a statement of organizational purpose is **"To be the leading provider of professional health care services."**
A statement of organizational purpose articulates the overall goal or mission of the organization, expressing its primary focus and direction. In this case, the purpose is centered around becoming the leading provider of professional health care services. This statement highlights the organization's aspiration to excel in delivering high-quality health care services and potentially becoming a preferred choice for consumers seeking professional health care.
The other options provided, such as increasing market share (Option A), executing projects in a timely manner (Option B), and providing a challenging work environment for employees (Option D), are important objectives or goals, but they do not capture the broader purpose or mission of the organization. The statement of organizational purpose typically encompasses the core reason for the organization's existence and its long-term aspirations.
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Marginal cost is defined as the change in ________ cost when output changes by one unit. In the short run, marginal cost can also be measured by the change in ________ cost when output changes by one unit.
total; fixed
variable; fixed
fixed; variable
total; variable
Marginal cost is defined as the change in total variable cost when output changes by one unit. In the short run, marginal cost can also be measured by the change in total cost when output changes by one unit. The marginal cost is the additional cost of producing one more unit of output.
It is the cost of the last unit produced, and it can be calculated by taking the difference between the total cost of producing n units and n-1 units.In other words, marginal cost is the cost of producing an additional unit of output beyond the existing level. This can be measured by the change in the total variable cost when output changes by one unit. It reflects the change in total cost as a result of a change in output level. Marginal cost is an important concept in economics as it helps businesses to determine the optimal level of production.
By analyzing the marginal cost of producing each additional unit of output, businesses can determine when it is no longer profitable to produce more units. When the marginal cost of producing additional units exceeds the marginal revenue of selling those units, then it is no longer profitable to produce more.
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Suppose a consumer has a budget of $200 to spend on two goods, X and Y, whose prices are $20 and $10, respectively.
If the consumer is observed to buy 5 units of X and 10 units of Y, where the respective Marginal Utilities of X and Y are, 50 and 40 utils, is the consumer in equilibrium? Explain why or why not.
If the consumer is not in equilibrium under conditions in d), suggest another combination that would possibly achieve equilibrium. Explain your answer.
The consumer is not in equilibrium because the marginal utility per dollar spent on each good is not equal. To determine if the consumer is in equilibrium, we need to compare the marginal utility per dollar for each good. In this case, the marginal utility per dollar for X is 2.5 utils per dollar (50 utils / $20) and for Y is 4 utils per dollar (40 utils / $10). Since the marginal utility per dollar is higher for Y, the consumer should reallocate their budget to achieve equilibrium.
To suggest another combination that could achieve equilibrium, the consumer should buy more of good X and less of good Y. By increasing the quantity of X and decreasing the quantity of Y, the consumer can balance the marginal utility per dollar for both goods. For example, if the consumer buys 10 units of X and 5 units of Y, the marginal utility per dollar for X would be 5 utils per dollar (50 utils / $10) and for Y would be 4 utils per dollar (40 utils / $10), making them equal. This reallocation would potentially lead to equilibrium.
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Who is the target market of a consignment and thrift business
that upcycles clothes
The target market of a consignment and thrift business that upcycles clothes is individuals who are looking for unique and sustainable fashion at an affordable price.
This may include people who are environmentally conscious, interested in vintage clothing, or looking for one-of-a-kind pieces that they won't find in traditional stores.
Consignment and thrift businesses are often marketed to people who are interested in recycling and repurposing clothing and other items.
The target market for a consignment and thrift business that upcycles clothes may include people who are interested in sustainability, vintage fashion, and unique clothing items.
They may be looking for clothing items that are not readily available in traditional retail stores, and they may be interested in supporting small, independent businesses that prioritize sustainability and ethical production practices.
In general, the target market for a consignment and thrift business is people who are looking for affordable clothing items that are in good condition.
These may be people who are on a budget, people who are looking for unique fashion items, or people who are interested in sustainable fashion practices.
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Sevn Incorporated, a calendar year taxpayer, reported $5,210,300 net income before tax on its financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. The corporation's records reveal the following information. • Depreciation expense per books was $713,700, and MACRS depreciation was $662,000. Sevn exchanged old realty (-0- tax basis; $44,200 book basis) for new realty (FMV $50,000). Book gain was included in book income, although the exchange was nontaxable for tax purposes. • Sevn received a $100,000 insurance reimbursement for the destruction of machinery with a $29,000 tax basis and a $70,000 book basis. Texark spent $110,000 to replace the machinery before year-end. Compute Sevn's taxable income.
Sevn Incorporated's taxable income is $5,862,300. To compute Sevn Incorporated's taxable income, we need to make adjustments to the net income before tax reported on the financial statements, taking into account the differences between book income and taxable income.
Here are the adjustments:
1. Depreciation Adjustment:
- Add back the MACRS depreciation: $662,000
2. Like-Kind Exchange Adjustment:
- Exclude the book gain on the exchange of realty since it is nontaxable for tax purposes: $0
3. Insurance Reimbursement and Machinery Replacement Adjustment:
- Add back the insurance reimbursement received: $100,000
- Deduct the cost of replacing the machinery: $110,000
Now, let's calculate Sevn Incorporated's taxable income:
Net Income before Tax: $5,210,300
Adjustments:
MACRS Depreciation: +$662,000
Like-Kind Exchange: +$0
Insurance Reimbursement: +$100,000
Machinery Replacement: -$110,000
Taxable Income = Net Income before Tax + Adjustments
Taxable Income = $5,210,300 + $662,000 + $0 + $100,000 - $110,000
Taxable Income = $5,862,300
Therefore, Sevn Incorporated's taxable income is $5,862,300.
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Kem Corporation has the following. Prafered stock, $10 per value, 9, 50,000 shares med $100.000 Common stock, $15 per vete 300.000 shares issued and outstanding $4.500.000 in 2020 The company doctaned and paid $30,000 of cash dividends In 2021. The company declared and paid $150,000 of cash dividend Reavired: How much is the TOTAL cash obends that will be dead to peamed and common stockholders over the two years, assuming the preferred stock is cumulative Please DO NOT use the "S" and signs in you answer. For example, if the right answer is Preferred $10,000 and Common $15,000, it should be EXACTLY written 10000 15000 Preferred Common
To calculate the total cash dividends distributed to preferred and common stockholders over the two years, considering the preferred stock is cumulative, we need to consider the dividend rates, the number of shares issued, and the cumulative feature.
Preferred stock:
Par value: $10
Dividend rate: 9%
Number of shares issued: 50,000
Common stock:
Par value: $15
Number of shares issued and outstanding: 300,000
2020 cash dividend:
Preferred stock: 9% x $10 x 50,000 shares = $45,000
Common stock: No cash dividend declared
2021 cash dividend:
Preferred stock: 9% x $10 x 50,000 shares = $45,000
Common stock: $150,000
Total cash dividends distributed:
Preferred stock: $45,000 + $45,000 = $90,000 (cumulative)
Common stock: $150,000
Therefore, the total cash dividends distributed to preferred and common stockholders over the two years, assuming the preferred stock is cumulative, are:
Preferred stock: $90,000
Common stock: $150,000
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Refer to the information for Cox Inc. above. What amount would Cox record as depreciation expense at December 31, 2020, if the double-declining-balance method were used? a. $187,200 b. $192,000 c. $195,200 d. $312,000
The amount would Cox record as depreciation expense at December 31, 2020 is $610,156.25
To calculate the amount that Cox Inc. would record as depreciation expense at December 31, 2020, using the double-declining-balance method, the following steps are to be followed:
Step 1: Calculate the straight-line rate of depreciation
Straight-line rate of depreciation = 1/ Estimated useful life
Straight-line rate of depreciation = 1/8 = 0.125 or 12.5% per year
Step 2: Calculate the double-declining-balance rate
Double-declining-balance rate = 2/ Estimated useful life
Double-declining-balance rate = 2/8 = 0.25 or 25% per year
Step 3: Calculate the Depreciation expense using the double-declining-balance method.
Depreciation expense using the
double-declining-balance method = Beginning book value × Double-declining-balance rate
Year Book Value (beginning of year)Depreciation Expense1$800,000×25%$200,0002$600,000×25%$150,0003$450,000×25%$112,5004$337,500×25%$84,3755$253,125×25%$63,281.25
Total depreciation expense$610,156.25
Hence, Cox Inc. would record $610,156.25 as depreciation expense at December 31, 2020, if the double-declining-balance method were used.
Therefore, all option are incorrect.
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The results of SWOT analysis provide guidance to company managers in crafting a strategy (or improving an existing strategy) in ways that fit the company's internal and external situation, which one of the following is not one of the conditions for a company's strategy to be an excellent fit with its situation? Copyright © by Glo Bus Software, Inc. Copying, distributing, or 3rd party website posting sexpressly prohibited and constitutes copyright violation O The foundation and centerpiece of a company's strategy to profitably compete against rivals must be its most competitively powerful resources and capabilities O A company's strategy should be aimed at (1) completely eliminating all of its competitively important weaknesses and (2) boosting its number of core competencies and distinctive competencies A company's strategy should include efforts to defend against those external threats that can adversely impact the company's long-term business prospects or put its survival at risk. A company's strategy must include strategic initiatives aimed squarely at capturing at those market opportunities best suited to the company's strengths and competitive assets. A company's strategy must include actions to correct those competitive weaknesses that make the company vulnerable to attack from rivals, depress profitability, or disqualify it from pursuing a particularly attractive opportunity.
The condition that is not required for a company's strategy to be an excellent fit with its situation is:
"A company's strategy should be aimed at (1) completely eliminating all of its competitively important weaknesses and (2) boosting its number of core competencies and distinctive competencies."
While it is important for a company to address its weaknesses and enhance its core competencies and distinctive competencies, it is not a mandatory condition for a strategy to be an excellent fit with the company's situation. The other conditions mentioned in the options are all crucial for a strategy to align effectively with the company's internal and external situation.
A company's strategy should focus on leveraging its most competitively powerful resources and capabilities, defending against external threats, capturing market opportunities suited to the company's strengths, and correcting competitive weaknesses.
These conditions ensure that the strategy is well-aligned with the company's situation and enhances its ability to compete and succeed in the market.
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True or False
Cognitive Dissonance, also known as Post-Purchase Regret, describes the uncomfortable feeling that occurs when a consumer has lingering doubts about a purchase decision that they have made, usually related to relatively LARGE expenditures.
False, cognitive dissonance is not synonymous with post-purchase regret. Cognitive dissonance involves discomfort due to conflicting beliefs
False. Cognitive dissonance and post-purchase regret are not the same concepts. While they both involve discomfort or doubt related to a purchase decision, they are distinct phenomena.
Cognitive dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort that arises from holding contradictory beliefs, attitudes, or values. It occurs when there is a perceived inconsistency between a person's thoughts, beliefs, or behaviors. In the context of consumer behavior, cognitive dissonance can arise when individuals experience conflicting thoughts or emotions after making a purchase. For example, if a person values saving money but makes an expensive purchase, they may experience cognitive dissonance.
Post-purchase regret, on the other hand, specifically relates to feelings of disappointment or remorse after making a purchase. It is the emotional response to a perceived poor choice or dissatisfaction with the purchased product or service. Post-purchase regret can occur regardless of the size of the expenditure. It can be triggered by various factors, such as a product not meeting expectations, buyer's remorse, or a perception that the purchase did not deliver the anticipated benefits.
While cognitive dissonance can contribute to post-purchase regret, they are not interchangeable terms. Cognitive dissonance focuses on the discomfort arising from conflicting thoughts or beliefs, whereas post-purchase regret specifically pertains to the emotional response to a purchase decision.
In summary, cognitive dissonance is not synonymous with post-purchase regret. Cognitive dissonance involves discomfort due to conflicting beliefs, while post-purchase regret refers to the emotional response of dissatisfaction or disappointment after making a purchase. The occurrence of post-purchase regret is not limited to large expenditures, as it can arise in relation to purchases of any size.
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QUESTION 24 If a buyer penalizes carriers for early deliveries, which performance measure would bost capture these early deliveries? accessibility reliability I capability speed QUESTION 25 Which of the following is NOT an advantage of centralizing professional procurement? Reduce service provider redundancy. Reduce the likelihood of unnecessary charges. Lead to the ability to reduce the number of professional service providers Increase the accountability of outside consultants to the buyer by increasing the monitoring and auditing of provided services, QUESTION 26 Which of the following aspects captures a carrier's ability to pick and deliver a shipment door-to-door? accessibility capability I reliability capacity
Question 24: If a buyer penalizes carriers for early deliveries, the performance measure that would best capture these early deliveries is speed.
Speed refers to the ability to deliver goods or services quickly, and penalizing carriers for early deliveries implies a focus on fast and timely delivery.
Question 25: The option that is NOT an advantage of centralizing professional procurement is "Increase the accountability of outside consultants to the buyer by increasing the monitoring and auditing of provided services." Centralizing professional procurement may offer benefits such as reducing service provider redundancy, reducing the likelihood of unnecessary charges, and the ability to reduce the number of professional service providers. However, increasing the accountability of outside consultants through monitoring and auditing is not directly related to centralization.
Question 26: The aspect that captures a carrier's ability to pick and deliver a shipment door-to-door is capability. Capability refers to the carrier's overall ability to perform the required tasks and deliver the shipment effectively, including factors such as equipment, resources, and expertise.
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calculate EV/Revenue multiple for the firm. Additionally the firm is currently trading at $173.86, has an EPS of $2.34, and a Market cap of $763,452,818. Balance Sheet Prior Year Current Year Cash 6,277,768 4,892,268 Accounts Receivable 547,665 599,506 Inventory 4,714,897 2,620,472 Current Assets 6,277,768+547,665+4,714,897 4.892,268+599,506+2,620,472 PP&E, net 24,136,007 29,064,227 Goodwill 5,875,805 4,890,242 Other assets 397,105 527.913 Accounts Payable 698,591 1.021,427 Short term portion of 720,256 465,460 debt Deferred Dividends 6,106,686 2,806,467 Current Liabilities 698,591+720,256+6,106,686 1,021,427+465,460+2.806,467 Long Term debt 28,555,790 40,845,326 Shareholder's Equity (4,947,036 shares outstanding for prior year; 6,853,910 shares outstanding for current year) Income Statement Revenue COGS SG&A expenses Operating Income Interest Expense Income Taxes Paid Statement of Cash Flowe 68,589,115 Prior Year 26,720,400 19,768,118 4,009,313 ?? 235,367 370,008 45,061,135 Current Year 28,676,944 19,310,006 6,074,751 ?? 296,803 449,416 Statement of Cash Flows Cash Flow from Operating Net Income Depreciation Amortization Loss/Gain on sale of PP&E Cash Flow from Investing Capital Expenditures Proceeds from sale of PP&E Cash Flow from Financing Dividends to Shareholders Repurchase of Shares Prior Year 2,997,880 304,231 94,690 1,104,413 5,287,402 215,408,802 4,880,344 16,119,158 4 Current Year 1,744,967 369,246 42,374 127,281 8,968,823 147,888,360 7,375,790 1,439,075
EV/Revenue multiple for the firm can be calculated using the formula as follows:EV/Revenue multiple = Enterprise value / Revenue The enterprise value (EV) is the total value of a company, including equity and debt, minus any cash holdings. It's calculated as follows: Enterprise value = Market cap + Total debt - Cash and cash equivalents To calculate EV/Revenue multiple, we need to first calculate the enterprise value.
Given that the firm is currently trading at $173.86, has an EPS of $2.34, and a Market cap of $763,452,818. Therefore, the market capitalization is $763,452,818.The balance sheet of the firm has been provided as follows: Balance Sheet Prior Year Current YearCash6,277,7684,892,268Accounts Receivable547,665599,506Inventory4,714,8972,620,472Current Assets11,540,3308,112,246PP&E, net24,136,00729,064,227Goodwill5,875,8054,890,242Other assets397,105527,913Total assets41,949,24742,594,628Accounts Payable698,5911,021,427Short term portion of debt720,256465,460Deferred Dividends6,106,6862,806,467Current Liabilities7,525,5334,293,354Long Term debt28,555,79040,845,326Total liabilities36,081,32345,138,680Shareholder's Equity (4,947,036 shares outstanding for prior year; 6,853,910 shares outstanding for current year)5,867,924(13,116,052)Total liabilities and equity41,949,24742,594,628From the balance sheet, we can calculate the enterprise value: Enterprise value = Market cap + Total debt - Cash and cash equivalents= $763,452,818 + $40,845,326 - $4,892,268= $799,405,876Now, we need to calculate the revenue of the firm from the income statement. Income StatementRevenueCOGSSG&A expenses Operating IncomeInterest Expense Income Taxes Paid Prior Year68,589,11526,720,40019,768,1184,009,313??235,367Current Year45,061,13528,676,94419,310,0066,074,751??296,803
From the income statement, we can calculate the EV/Revenue multiple as follows:EV/Revenue multiple = Enterprise value / Revenue= $799,405,876 / $45,061,135= 17.73Therefore, the EV/Revenue multiple for the firm is 17.73.
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The share of deposits that banks must have in reserves is the:
A.reserve requirement
B.federal funds rate
C.discount rate
D.open market operation
The share of deposits that banks must have in reserves is the reserve requirement. The reserve requirement is the percentage of deposits that a bank is required to hold in reserve and not lend out. It is a monetary policy tool used by central banks to control the amount of money in circulation in an economy.
The reserve requirement is set by the central bank of a country, such as the Federal Reserve in the United States. The central bank sets the reserve requirement as a way to influence the amount of money that banks can lend out. By requiring banks to hold a certain percentage of deposits in reserve, the central bank can limit the amount of money that banks can lend out.
This helps to control inflation by limiting the amount of money in circulation in an economy.The reserve requirement is one of several monetary policy tools used by central banks. Other tools include the federal funds rate, the discount rate, and open market operations.
The federal funds rate is the interest rate that banks charge each other for overnight loans. The discount rate is the interest rate that banks can borrow from the central bank. Open market operations refer to the buying and selling of government securities by the central bank to influence the money supply.
All of these tools are used by central banks to influence the amount of money in circulation in an economy and control inflation. The reserve requirement is a powerful tool because it directly limits the amount of money that banks can lend out, which can have a significant impact on the money supply.
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suppose banks increase excess reserves by $ 706559 . if the reserve ratio is 8.0 percent, what is the maximum increase in the money supply?
The maximum increase in the money supply, when banks increase excess reserves by $706,559 and the reserve ratio is 8.0 percent, would be $8,831,987.50
To calculate the maximum increase in the money supply, we can use the money multiplier formula. The money multiplier is the reciprocal of the reserve ratio. In this case, the reserve ratio is 8.0 percent, which is equivalent to 0.08 as a decimal. The reciprocal of 0.08 is 1/0.08 = 12.5.
Next, we multiply the increase in excess reserves by the money multiplier. In this scenario, the increase in excess reserves is $706,559. So, the maximum increase in the money supply can be calculated as follows:
Maximum increase in the money supply = Increase in excess reserves * Money multiplier
= $706,559 * 12.5
= $8,831,987.50
Therefore, the maximum increase in the money supply, when banks increase excess reserves by $706,559 and the reserve ratio is 8.0 percent, would be $8,831,987.50. This means that the money supply can potentially expand by that amount based on the given changes in reserves and the reserve ratio.
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