Why are enthalpy changes always lower than their expected values?
A. They aren't. They are always greater than expected.
B. Heat losses during the experiment
C. Heat gains during the experiment
D. Faulty measurements

The center of mass of the car with all people seated will be 3.20 m far from the front of the car.

Taking the front of the car as reference:

m₁x₁ + m₂x₂ + m₃x₃ = mx

where,

m₁ = mass of empty car = 1300 kg

x₁ = distance of center of mass of empty car from front = 2.45 m

m₂ = mass of 2 people sitting in front = 2 x 60 kg = 120 kg

x₂ = distance of center of mass of 2 people sitting in front from the front    = 2.7 m

m₃ = mass of 3 people sitting in back seat = 3 x 60 kg = 180 kg

x₃ = distance of center of mass of 3 people sitting in the back seat from the front = 3.65 m

m = total mass of car with all people = 1300 kg + 120 kg + 180 kg = 1600kg

x = distance of center of mass of the car from the front when all are seated

Therefore,

(1300 kg)(2.45 m) + (120 kg)(2.7 m) + (180kg)(3.65 m) = (1300 kg)x

x = 4166 kg.m/1300 kg

x = 3.20 m

Therefore, the center of mass of the car with all people seated will be 3.20 m far from the front of the car.

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Answer:

1.74

Explanation:

"How do you calculate the mechanical advantage of a block and tackle pulley?

To calculate the mechanical advantage, we can either divide the weight of the object being lifted by the force required to lift it or we can divide the amount of rope we have to pull by the distance the object moves."

If we use the rope method the mech advantage is  33.0/16.5 = 2

  now if we use the forces   MA = 225/129 =1.74 <==== this is not equal to '2' as we first found due to energy being lost to friction/deformation of rope etc.              SO I would say the true mechanical advantage = 1.74  

Efficiency =  1.74/2 = 87%

Answer: 56.44°

Explanation:

Given:

Converting to SI Units (m/s):

= (1.2 mach)(340 ms^-1 / 1 Mach)

u  = 408 m/s

Find:

We have, sinθ = speed of sound / speed of object

               sinθ = v / u

                   θ = sin^-1 (v / u)  

                      = sin^-1 (340 / 408)

                   θ = 56.44°

The earth's orbital angular velocity around the Sun is 0.986° per day, and its axial angular velocity is 15.041° per hour.

Calculation:

The speeds, not the velocities, are what we require in this case, therefore that is how I will approach it.

Regular speed is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the travel time.

So, speed = [tex]\frac{distance -travelled}{time}[/tex]

The angular velocity is essentially the same.

Hence, it's divided by the amount of time it took to turn the angle.

(a) Calculation of Earth's orbit around the Sun :

The Earth orbits the Sun in a circle that is 2 radians in diameter (360 degrees). It also takes a year, as we are aware (approx 365 days)

360°/365.25636 days = 0.986°/day ≈ 1° per day

(b) Next, we have to calculate Earth's angular velocity on its axis:

determining the Earth's angular velocity as it fulfills a complete revolution on its axis (a solar day)-

According to this, the angular speed of rotation = 360°/ 23h 56min 4.09s = 15.041° / hour.

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The Q in the enthalpy of fusion equation stands for heat energy absorbed or released.

In thermodynamics, enthalpy is a measure of the heat content of a chemical or physical system.

The enthalpy of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to convert a unit mass of a solid at its melting point into a liquid without an increase in temperature.

Its units are usually Joules per gram (J/g) or calories per gram (cal/g).

The enthalpy of fusion equation is given as follows:

Q = m·ΔHf

Where;

Therefore, the Q in the enthalpy of fusion equation stands for heat energy absorbed or released.

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1.3 second of time will be required for reflected sunlight to travel from the Moon to Earth if the distance between Earth and the Moon is 3.85 × 105 km

Speed is the distance travelled per time taken. It is a scalar quantity. And the S.I unit is meter per second. That is, m/s

In the given question, we want to find how much time is required for reflected sunlight to travel from the Moon to Earth if the distance between Earth and the Moon is 3.85 × 10^5 km.

What are the parameters to consider ?

The parameters are;

Speed = distance S ÷ Time t

Convert kilometer to meter by multiplying it by 1000

C = S/t

3 × [tex]10^{8}[/tex] =  3.85 × [tex]10^{8}[/tex] / t

Make t the subject of formula

t = 3.85 × [tex]10^{8}[/tex] / 3 × [tex]10^{8}[/tex]

t = 1.2833

t = 1.3 s

Therefore, 1.3 second of time will be required for reflected sunlight to travel from the Moon to Earth if the distance between Earth and the Moon is 3.85 × 105 km

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In hydrogen atom the electronic transition from n= ∞ to n=1 corresponds to largest energy emission.

Electronic transition is the jump of an electron from one energy level to another energy level .

E = hc/λ

h= plank constant =6.62*10^(-34)

c=speed of light

λ= wavelength of emited electron .

Thus , we can conclude that the electronic transition from infinity to n=1 (ground state) corresponds to largest energy emission .

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The rate energy is consumed this statement describes power.

Hence, Option C is correct answer.

Power is related to energy by that it is the rate at which energy is transferred.

It is a measure of the rate at which work is done.

According to the definition of power, Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted or consumed per unit time.

SI unit of power is watt.

By definition, 1 watt is equal to one joule of work done per second. So if P represents power in watts, E is the change in energy (number of joules) and t is the time taken in seconds then:

P=[tex]\frac{E}{t}[/tex]= [tex]\frac{1 Joule}{1 Second}[/tex]= 1 Watt.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that, The rate energy is consumed describes power.

Hence, Option C is correct answer

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Diameter of the ball = 11.03cm

The ball rolled by the child must cover a distance in a linear motion which will be then equal to the circumference of the ball after one complete revolution.

Linear distance = 5.2m

d = diameter of the ball =?

Total revolutions = 15

S = 2πr

S = πd

For 15 revolutions

S = 15πd

The Diameter of a ball is double the radius of the ball thus we use D instead of 2r in the formula

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For each of the given scenarios and based on the  volume, mass, and density of the spheres, the water level is given as follows:

Scenario 1: The water level will rise; r

Scenario 2: The water level may rise or fall; r or f

Scenario 3: The water level will fall; f

The density, volume and mass of an object are related by the formula below:

The rise in the level of fluid when an object is placed in that fluid depends on the weight, volume and density of that object.

This is given by Archimedes' principle which states that the upthrust acting on a body immersed fully or partially in a fluid, is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.

Based on the above, the water level in each of the scenarios is described thus:

Scenario 1: The new sphere has a radius of r < r0 and a mass of m > m0.

The new has a smaller volume and a greater mass and density. The water level will rise.

Scenario 2: The new sphere has a mass of m > m0 and a density of ρ < ρ0.

The new sphere has a greater volume and will float. Therefore, the water level may rise or fall.

Scenario 3: The new sphere has a density of ρ < ρ0 and a radius of r > r0.

The new sphere has a greater volume but less mass. Therefore, the water level will fall.

In conclusion, the rise or fall of the water level in the container depends on the volume, mass, and density of the spheres.

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The orbital speed of an ice cube in the rings of Saturn is 355358.97m/s

According to the gravitation law, the force of gravitation is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the distance between them. Mathematically;

F = GMm/r²

where

m = mass of ice cube and

s = Gm1/r^2

Hence,

F = sm2

On rearranging,

s = m2/F

let V = orbital speed

centripetal acceleration = V^2/r

Such that;

V²/r = Gm/r²

V² = Gm/r

V = √Gm/r

Substitute the given parameters

V =  √6.67×10^-11 *  5.68 x 10^26 / 3.00 x 10^5

V = 355358.97m/s

Hence the orbital speed of an ice cube in the rings of Saturn is 355358.97m/s

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The force F, necessary to support an object with a mass of 991 kg placed on piston 2 is 373.8 N.

The  force, F required to support the weight on piston 2 is calculated as follows:

f = 991 * 9.81 = 9721.71 N

A₂ = (9.46/2)² = 22.373

A₁ =  (1.87/2)² = 0.874

F = 9721.71 * 0.874/22.373

F = 373.8 N

Inc conclusion, a smaller force is applied to lift the larger force at Piston 2.

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The constant angular acceleration (in rad/s2) of the centrifuge is 194.02 rad/s².

Apply the following kinematic equation;

ωf² = ωi² - 2αθ

where;

ωi = 3400 rev/min x 2π rad/rev x 1 min/60s = 356.05 rad/s

θ = 52 rev x 2π rad/rev = 326.7 rad

0 = ωi² - 2αθ

α = ωi²/2θ

α = ( 356.05²) / (2 x 326.7)

α = 194.02 rad/s²

Thus, the constant angular acceleration (in rad/s2) of the centrifuge is 194.02 rad/s².

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The magnitude of the electric force that one particle exerts on the other is 8.59 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] N and the force is attractive.

Coulomb law states that the attractive or repulsive force between two point charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to square of the distance between them. That is,

F = KQq / r²

Given that two charged particles are a distance of 1.72 m from each other. One of the particles has a charge of 7.03 nC, and the other has a charge of 4.02 nC.

Where

(A) The magnitude of the electric force that one particle exerts on the other will be

F = (9 x [tex]10^{9}[/tex] x 7.03 x [tex]10^{-9}[/tex] x 4.02 x [tex]10^{-9}[/tex]) / 1.72²

F = 2.54 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex] / 2.96

F = 8.59 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] N

(B) Since our answer is positive, the force is therefore attractive.

Therefore, the magnitude of the electric force that one particle exerts on the other is 8.59 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] N and the force is attractive.

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A. The magnitude (in N) of the electric force that one particle exerts on the other is 8.60×10⁻⁸ N

B. The force is repulsive

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

The magnitude of the electric force can be obtained by using the Coulomb's law equation as shown below:

F = Kq₁q₂ / r²

F = (9×10⁹ × 7.03×10¯⁹ × 4.02×10¯⁹) / (1.72)²

F = 8.60×10⁻⁸ N

From the question given, we were told that:

Since both charge are positive, then the force attraction between them is repulsive as like charges repels and unlike charges attracts

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The oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve depicts the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen (pao2) and the arterial oxygen.

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve (OHDC) indicates the relationship between the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and the partial pressure of arterial oxygen. This curve can change its position or shifted to another level depending on various factors.

So we can conclude that the oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve depicts the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen (pao2) and the arterial oxygen.

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The center of mass of the three-mass system is 0.433m.

A position established in relation to an object or set of objects is the center of mass. It represents the system's average location as weighted by each component's mass. In a collection of unconnected items, the center of mass can also be established.

Mass of the object, m₁ = 1.03kg

Mass of the object, m₂= 1.50kg

Mass of the object, m₃= 1.10

Taking the location of m as the origin and towards right as positive X-axis.

x₁=0

x₂=0.50m

x₃=0.25+0.50 = 0.75m

The X-coordinate of the center of mass [tex]x_c[/tex] of a system of three masses  m₁, m₂ and m₃ located at the positions x₁, x₂ and x₃ on X-axis is given by,

[tex]x_c=\frac{m_1x_1+m_2x_2+m_3x_3}{m_1+m_2+m_3}[/tex]

[tex]x_c=\frac{0+1.50*0.50+1.10*0.75}{1.03+1.50+1.10}\\x_c= 0.433 m[/tex]

Therefore,  the center of mass of the three-mass system is 0.433m.

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They pick up speed and move away from the usual.

Using meter sticks, a group of pupils makes a straight line (shoulder to shoulder) and connects to their closest neighbor. Two media are separated in the room by a strip of masking tape. Students can be seen moving normally in one of the media (on one side of the tape). The kids in the other medium (or on the opposite side of the tape) move very slowly and in baby stages. The class moves in the union in a straight line in the direction of the diagonal piece of masking tape. As they get close to the masking tape, the pupils stay in line. Each pupil immediately changes the speed of her or his walk as she or he reaches the tape.

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It is important to be able to describe a system quantitatively because there exist many variables that show a continuous range of variation.

Quantitative research is any type of investigation based on scientific variables that express their values as a continuous range of variation.

For example, there are genetic traits such as height and weight that show quantitative variation, thereby they need to be expressed as ranges.

In conclusion, it is important to be able to describe a system quantitatively because there exist many variables that show a continuous range of variation.

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Answer:

The red color in the sky at sunset (and sunrise) is due to an effect called Rayleigh scattering.

Explanation:

The orbital speed of an ice cube in the rings of Saturn is 11.2 Km/s. The correct answer is option C

The speed of an object travelling around a circle depends on two quantities namely;

Given that  an ice cube in the rings of Saturn. The mass of Saturn is 5.68 x 10^26 kg, and use an orbital radius of 3.00 x 105 km. (G= 6.67 × 10-11 N·m2/kg2)

The given parameters are:

Let us first calculate the gravitational field strength on the Saturn.

g = GM/r²

Substitute all the necessary parameters and convert km to m

g = (6.67 × [tex]10^{-11}[/tex] × 5.68 × [tex]10^{26}[/tex]) ÷ (300000 × 1000)²

g = 3.79 × [tex]10^{16}[/tex] ÷ 9 × [tex]10^{16}[/tex]

g = 0.421 m/s²

The  orbital speed will be

V² = gr

V² = 0.4211 × 300000 × 1000

V² = 126333333.3

V = √126333333.3

V = 11239.8 m/s

Convert it to Km/s by dividing the answer by 1000

V = 11239.8/1000

V = 11.2 Km/s

Therefore, the orbital speed of an ice cube in the rings of Saturn is 11.2 Km/s

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(1) The effective spring constant of the system is 7.14 N/m.

(2) The maximum x-acceleration of the glider is 0.9 m/s².

(3) The x-coordinate of the glider at time t= 0.650T is 0.28 m.

(4) The kinetic energy of the glider at x=0.00 m is zero.

The effective spring constant of the system is calculated as follows;

F = kx

where;

k = F/x

k = 0.5/0.07

k = 7.14 N/m

a = ω²x

where;

ω = √k/m

ω = √(7.14/0.55)

ω = 3.6 rad/s

a =  (3.6)² x 0.07

a = 0.9 m/s²

T = 2πx/v

T = 2πx/(ωx)

T = 2π/ω

T = 2π/(3.6)

T = 1.75 seconds

t = 0.65T

t = 0.65 x 1.75

t = 1.14 seconds

x = vt

x = (ωx)t

x = (3.6 x 0.07) x 1.14

x = 0.28 m

At position x = 0, the glider is at rest, the velocity is zero and the kinetic energy will be zero.

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[tex]\huge\underline{\underline{\boxed{\mathbb {SOLUTION:}}}}[/tex]

We would calculate the magnitude by applying pythagorean theorem:

[tex]\longrightarrow \sf{Magnitude= \sqrt{(-14)^2 } + 30^2}[/tex]

[tex]\longrightarrow \sf{Magnitude = 33.12}[/tex]

[tex]\longrightarrow \sf{The \: vector \: is \: (- 14, 30)}[/tex]

The angle between two vectors is given by the formula:

[tex]\sf{\longrightarrow \small \cos \emptyset = \dfrac{(a1b1 + a2b2)}{ \sqrt{(a1)^2 + (a2)^2√(b1)^2 + (b2)^2} } }[/tex]

In two dimensional, the x axis of vector form is:

[tex]\small\sf{\longrightarrow (b1, b2) = (1, 0) }[/tex]

[tex]\sf{\longrightarrow \small \cos \: \emptyset = \dfrac{(14 * 1 + 30 x 0)}{( \sqrt{(-14)^2 + (30)^2)(√(1)^2 + (0)^2)} } }[/tex]

[tex]\small\longrightarrow \sf{ \dfrac{14}{33.12} }[/tex]

[tex]\small\longrightarrow \sf{\emptyset \: = arcCos (\dfrac{ - 14}{33.12} )}[/tex]

[tex]\small\longrightarrow \sf{\emptyset= 115^\circ}[/tex]

[tex]\huge\underline{\underline{\boxed{\mathbb {ANSWER:}}}}[/tex]

[tex] \small\bm{The \: angle \: between \: the \: vector \: }[/tex]

[tex]\small\bm{and \: \: the \: \: positive \: \: x \: \: axis \: \: is \: \: \: 115^\circ .}[/tex]

Faraday's law is applicable in the mechanism behind electric generators, credit cards, metal detectors, computer hard drives and electronic drum

Faraday's law states that a changing magnetic field through an area or equivalently, a changing area with constant field will cause a voltage.

So therefore, Faraday's law is applicable in the mechanism behind electric generators, credit cards, metal detectors, computer hard drives and electronic drum

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As the roller coaster speeds up on the way down the hill, the potential energy of  roller coaster will be converted to kinetic energy.

Conservation of energy state that energy is neither created nor destroy, they can only be transformed from one form to another. Energy of and object can transform from Potential energy to kinetic energy and vice versa

Given that at the top of a hill a roller coaster has gravitational potential energy due to its position. What will happen to this potential energy as the roller coaster speeds up on the way down the hill is that the potential energy to the roller coaster will start decreasing while the kinetic energy will start to increase.

The total energy of the roller coaster will be constant because of conservation of energy. As the roller coaster speeds up on the way down the hill, the potential energy will eventually reduce to zero where the total energy of the as the roller coaster will be equal to maximum kinetic energy.

Therefore, as the roller coaster speeds up on the way down the hill, the potential energy of  roller coaster will be converted to kinetic energy.

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Answer:

B. 2.5 Ω

Explanation:

[tex]\frac{1}{5} +\frac{1}{5}=0.4[/tex]

Put a one on top of the 0.4

[tex]\frac{1}{0.4} =2.5[/tex]

-0.930 m/s is the velocity of the boat.

Mass of child and boat , [tex]m_1[/tex] = (25.0 + 38.4 )kg

                                               = 63.4 kg

Mass of the package, [tex]m_2[/tex] = 5.90 kg

Velocity of package thrown from boat , [tex]v_2[/tex] = 10.0m/s

[tex]v_1 =?[/tex]

Initial velocity v = 0 m/s

As the boat is at rest, [tex](m_1 + m_2) v=0[/tex]

According, to the law of conversation of momentum;

∴ Momentum before = Momentum after

   [tex]( m_1 + m_2 ) v = m_1v_1 + m_2v_2\\0 = m_1v_1 + m_2v_2\\0 = 63.4 v_1 + 5.90*10.0\\63.4 v_1 = - 5.9\\v_1 = - 0.930 m/s[/tex]

Negative direction shows the velocity in the direction opposite to the motion of the package.

Therefore, -0.930 m/s is the velocity of the boat.

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Work done on the system is smaller than heat absorbed.

If the internal energy of a system is decreased, which of the following is impossible:

C) Work done on the system is smaller than heat absorbed.

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Answer:

X component= 46 N

Y component= 80 N

Magnitude =( 46 ^2 + 80^2 )^0.5 = 92.3 N

(a) The moment of inertia of the wheel  is 78.2 kgm².

(b) The mass (in kg) of the wheel is 1,436.2 kg.

(c) The angular speed (in rad/s) of the wheel at the end of this time period is 3.376 rad/s.

Apply principle of conservation of angular momentum;

Fr = Iα

where;

I = Fr/α

I = (200 x 0.33) / (0.844)

I = 78.2 kgm²

I = ¹/₂MR²

where;

2I = MR²

M = 2I/R²

M = (2 x 78.2) / (0.33²)

M = 1,436.2 kg

ω = αt

ω = 0.844 x 4

ω = 3.376 rad/s

Thus, the moment of inertia of the wheel  is 78.2 kgm².

The mass (in kg) of the wheel is 1,436.2 kg.

The angular speed (in rad/s) of the wheel at the end of this time period is 3.376 rad/s.

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