Action potentials often travel in only one direction because of the refractory period.
The action potential is an electrical signal generated by cells in the body in response to a stimulus. It is created when the cell is depolarized and ions flow in and out of the cell, creating an electrical impulse that is transmitted along the cell membrane.
During the refractory period, the sodium channels are inactive and unable to open. This prevents the action potential from moving backward and ensures that it only travels in one direction. Additionally, the potassium channels are still open during the refractory period, which helps to repolarize the membrane and prepare it for the next action potential.
Overall, the refractory period is essential for ensuring that action potentials travel in only one direction and do not overlap with each other.
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The volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation is the:
a. tidal volume.
b. residual volume.
c. inspiratory reserve volume.
d. expiratory reserve volume.
e. minute volume of respiration.
The volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation is the expiratory reserve volume. Option D is correct.
Lung volumes and lung capacities are the amounts of air in the lungs at various stages of the respiratory cycle. An adult male's entire lung capacity is around 3 litres of air.
Tidal breathing is typical, resting breathing, and tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled or expelled in a single breath. At birth, the typical human respiratory rate is 30-60 breaths per minute, falling to 12-20 breaths per minute in adults.
A spirometer can directly measure tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, and expiratory reserve volume. A ventilatory pulmonary function test consists of the following components. Because it is hard to "fully" breathe out, determining the leftover volume is more challenging.
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after alerting the pharmacist and apologizing to the patient, which next step is highly encouraged to appropriately handle a misfill?
After alerting the pharmacist and apologizing to the parting, document the error internally and on MERP is the next step that highly encourages to appropriately handle a misfill. Option 3 is correct.
A medical mistake is an avoidable unfavorable result of care, whether visible or damaging to the patient. This might involve an incorrect or insufficient diagnosis or treatment of an illness, accident, syndrome, behavior, infection, or other problem. Inexperienced physicians and nurses, novel treatments, extremes of age, and complex or urgent care can all contribute to medical blunders.
According to the study literature, medical mistakes are generated by both errors of commission and errors of omission. Errors of omission are produced when providers did not take action when they should have, whereas errors of commission occur when choices and action are delayed. Communication breakdowns have also been linked to commission and omission mistakes.
The complete question is:
After alerting the pharmacist and apologizing to the patient, which next step is highly encouraged to appropriately handle a misfill?
Identify contraindication to drug therapy.Deliver the correct dosage.Document the error internally and on MERP.To learn more about Medical error, here
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a major safeguard of health, vitality, and reduced rates of chronic illness and disability is: a. living in the countryside rather than in a city. b. maintaining a healthy weight and exercising regularly. c. consuming adequate fresh fruits and vegetables daily. d. high socioeconomic status.
A major safeguard of health, vitality, and reduced rates of chronic illness and disability is high socioeconomic status of the society we are all currently staying in.
Health, according to the World Health Organization, is not just the absence of sickness but also a complete condition of mental, physical, and social well-being. Consequently, being physically, psychologically, and socially whole is necessary for leading a good life.
A healthy way of living. active way of life. healthful living, a wholesome way of life. Despite the fact that most individuals are aware of what makes for a healthy lifestyle, we are all accountable for making the very same unwholesome decisions.
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In one year hospitals around the country ran out of 180 different drugs. The pharmaceutical companies are ____ to hospitals. (A) customers (B) suppliers
180 different medications ran out at hospitals all around the country in a single year. Hospitals receive supplies from the pharmaceutical industries. The best choice in this scenario is B.
A supplier is someone who provides products or services to another business.
A supplier is a representative who maintains open lines of communication and sufficient stock between the production and the retailer in a firm. Suppliers are important at every stage of a product's lifespan. Companies must work closely with their suppliers on everything from acquiring raw materials to helping to ramp up production and discovering better raw material possibilities as the market starts to become saturated in order to get the most out of their products.
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a nurse is providing a refresher class for a group of postpartum nurses. the nurse reviews the risk factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage. the group demonstrates understanding of the information when they identify which risk factors associated with uterine tone? select all that apply.
The risk factors which are associated with uterine tone are when the nurse reviews the risk factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage are hydramnios and rapid labor.
All the risk factors which are associated with uterine tone include hydramnios, rapid or prolonged labor, high oxytocin use, maternal fever, or prolonged rupture of membranes in the body. Retained blood clots are an increased risk factor associated with tissue retained in the uterus. Fetal malposition and operative birth are other risk factors associated with trauma of the genital tract. A Hemorrhage may be defined as a type of medical condition that remarkably involves a huge amount of loss of blood from damaged or injured blood vessels.
Question: A nurse is providing a refresher class for a group of postpartum nurses. The nurse reviews the risk factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage. The group demonstrates understanding of the information when they identify which risk factors associated with uterine tone? Select all that apply.
A. fetal malpostion
B. retained blood clots
C. operative birth
D. hydramnios
E. rapid labor
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To access the document about recognizing drug-seeking patients from the DEA Diversion website. What are your legal and ethical responsibilities in cases of abuse of prescription drugs? What types of characteristics do drug abusers display? How should you handle situations in which you feel that patients are displaying drug-seeking behavior or are suspected drug abusers?
If a healthcare provider suspects that a patient is displaying drug-seeking behavior or is a drug abuser, they should assess the patient's medical history, conduct appropriate testing, and consider referring the patient to a substance abuse specialist or addiction treatment program. It is essential to approach these situations with empathy, sensitivity, and a non-judgmental attitude while maintaining professional boundaries.
What is drug abusers?Healthcare providers have a legal and ethical responsibility to report cases of prescription drug abuse or suspected drug-seeking behavior to the appropriate authorities.
Therefore, Drug abusers may display physical, behavioral, and psychological characteristics, such as slurred speech, poor coordination, constricted pupils, increased tolerance to medication, drug-seeking behavior, mood swings, and social withdrawal.
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what underlying conditions put people at higher risk of developing pulmonary hypertension? group of answer choices copd, lymphedema cad, congenital heart disease, exercising 30 minutes 3 times per week copd, congenital heart disease, pe avoiding alcohol and smoking
The underlying condition that puts people at higher risk of developing pulmonary hypertension is congenital heart disease.
Pulmonary hypertension is an increase in the mean pulmonary artery pressure (Pulmonary Arterial Pressure) greater than or equal to 25 mmHg at rest as assessed by the right heart catheterization procedure. Pulmonary hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries that supply the lungs becomes high.
In pulmonary hypertension, the increase in blood pressure results from changes in the cells lining the pulmonary arteries. These changes can cause the walls of the pulmonary arteries to become thicker and stiffer, as well as the formation of excess tissue.
One of the things that can lead to worsening life expectancy of patients with congenital heart disease is the emergence of complications of pulmonary hypertension.
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A nurse is planning care for a newborn who is small for gestational age (SGA). Which of the following is the priority intervention the nurse should include in the newborn’s plan of care?a) monitor axillary temperatureb) monitor blood glucose levelsc) monitor I&Od) monitor weight
A nurse is planning care for a newborn who is small for gestational age (SGA) therefore the following which is the priority intervention the nurse should include in the newborn’s plan of care is to monitor blood glucose levels which is therefore denoted as option B.
What is Small for gestational age (SGA)?This is defined as a birth weight of less than 10th percentile for gestational age and it is common in underdeveloped countries.
Blood glucose instability is usually a major cause which should be included in the newborn’s plan of care so as to enable the optimal functioning of the organs present as energy is needed for various activities.
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the nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a parent of an 8-year-old girl whose weight is 65 lb (29.5 kg) and height is 50.5 in (128.3 cm). which statement by the parent demonstrates the need for further teaching?
A nurse provides positive guidance to a parent of an 8-year-old girl who weighs 67 pounds and is 51 inches tall. Therefore, a statement from a parent that helps elaborate on breastfeeding is, "I should be concerned that my child is overweight based on my child's weight and height."
Very obese/overweight children tend to grow up to be very obese adults, which can lead to health problems such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. Children who reach this age tend to be healthier, better learners, and more confident. Encourage up to several hours of physical activity for 60 minutes each day. Stick to kid-sized portions. Offer healthy meals, drinks, and snacks. Spending less time looking at screens and more sleep are ways to lose weight.
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you are the nurse manager of a nursing service organization that provides around-the-clock care to clients in their homes. to achieve maximum reimbursement for a client who is recovering from a hip replacement, the nursing staff most likely will follow the nursing care guidelines presented in the:
The nursing staff most likely will follow the nursing care guidelines to achieve maximum reimbursement for a client who is recovering from a hip replacement surgery is critical pathway.
The critical pathways outlines as well as it explains, outcomes, clinical standards, and interventions for a patient in each phase of treatment. The goal and objective of critical pathways is effective coordination of care across various staff and levels of care.
An orthosis for the ankle and foot helps the foot clear the ground by stabilizing the ankle and foot. Early on in the process of rehabilitation, it is frequently prescribed. For customers who have poor balance, canes with three (tripod) or four (quad) prongs or legs to give a wide base of support are advised.
Question: You are the nurse manager of a nursing service organization that provides around-the-clock care to clients in their homes. To achieve maximum reimbursement for a client who is recovering from a hip replacement, the nursing staff most likely will follow the nursing care guidelines presented in the:
a. Nursing care plan.
b. Physician's orders.
c. Critical pathway.
d. Clinical practice guidelines.
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a nurse is preparing to administer nitroglycerin 20 mcg/min by continuous iv infusion for a client who has angina. available is nitroglycerin 25 mg in dextrose 5% in water 250 ml. the nurse should set the iv pump to deliver how many ml/hr? (round the answer to the nearest whole number. use a leading zero if it applies. do not use a trailing zero.)
In order to stop chronic chest pain brought on by heart disease, nitroglycerin is utilised. A nitrate, that is. It also causes blood vessels to relax. When the heart needs more oxygen than it can get, chest pain might result.
Blood can flow more freely when blood vessels are relaxed. And in doing so, it lessens the strain on the heart and the amount of oxygen it needs. Salicylates (aspirin), beta-blockers (propranolol), calcium channel blockers (diltiazem), diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), medications for high blood pressure, phenothiazines (thioridazine), or phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are a few medications that may interact with nitroglycerin (sildenafil). Only for intravenous use. not for intravenous injection directly. Before being infused, nitroglycerin injection MUST BE diluted with dextrose (5%) or sodium chloride (0.9%) injection (SEE DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION SECTION).
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why are natural killer cells considered to be part of the innate immune response?
Natural killer cells considered to be part of the innate immune response because they can attack on the pathogen by their inherent ability .They attack without prior exposure.
NK cells do not require prior exposure like other T cells or B cells to attack the pathogen, which is the main reason they are working as an innate immune system. Unlike adaptive immune cells, which have no memory and act against infection or cellular abnormalities, these NK cells possess cytotoxic abilities and can directly kill the pathogen. After the activation of the innate immune system, the adapative immune cells, like dendritic cells and macrophages, follow the same pathways.
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1. Why it is imperative the correct code is used when submitting specimens to the lab for additional testing?
2. What do you think would happen if the diagnostic code is incorrect or missing from the documentation sent to
lab with the specimen?
Answer:
Explanation:
For the first answer I looked it up and it said, "Improperly identified specimens can result in delayed diagnosis, additional laboratory testing, treatment of the wrong patient for the wrong disease, and severe transfusion reactions. Specimen identification errors have been reported to occur at rates of 0.1% to 5%." And for the second question, it said, "Transfusion-related death, medication errors, misdiagnosis, and patient mismanagement."
a client returns from the postanesthesia care unit after a rotator cuff repair. which action would the nurse take? monitor for a pulse deficit. obtain hourly blood pressure readings. assess for capillary refill in the nail beds. put the shoulder through range-of-motion exercises.
The action that the nurse will take on the client after the rotator cuff repair is put the shoulder through range-of-motion exercises.
What is a rotator cuff?The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint. The existence of this muscle can make us lift our arms and move them in all directions. However, because this muscle is often used, the rotator cuff muscles can be injured and cause pain.Usually rotator cuff pain occurs in the dominant shoulder but can also occur on both sides.
Injury and damage to the muscles on one side of the shoulder can increase the risk of the same occurring on the opposite side. What can be done after repairing the rotator cuff is put the shoulder through range-of-motion exercises.
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T/F. A nurse is caring for a postmenopausal client prescribed the aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole for the treatment of breast cancer.
True. Aromatase inhibitors, such as anastrozole, are used to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
This drug inhibits the synthesis of oestrogen, a hormone that can promote the development of some subtypes of breast cancer cells. Additionally, anastrozole functions by preventing the activity of the aromatase enzyme, which aids in the conversion of androgens into oestrogen.
Anastrozole works by inhibiting this enzyme, which helps the body produce less oestrogen, which in turn helps some types of breast cancer cells develop more slowly.
The nurse caring for a postmenopausal patient administered anastrozole will need to keep track of the patient's response to the drug as well as any side effects or adverse responses to the medication.
The client will also require information and assistance from the nurse on the medicine, any possible adverse effects, and any necessary lifestyle changes.
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The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. What sign will lead the nurse to suspect right-sided heart failure?
Blood entering the body from the veins may begin to back up when the right side of the heart becomes weak. Right-sided heart failure is what this is, and it frequently causes edema in the lower limbs.
What is the caring for a client with heart failure?Left-sided heart failure is typically caused by cardiac attacks, chronic high blood pressure, or coronary artery disease (CAD). In most cases, advanced left-sided heart failure leads to the development of right-sided heart failure, which is then treated similarly.
Breathlessness while moving around or upon lying down. Weakness and exhaustion. Legs, ankles, and feet swelling irregular or fast heartbeat. When the heart muscle is not functioning normally, cardiac failure ensues.
Therefore, the fluid build-up sign will lead the nurse to suspect right-sided heart failure.
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how many drug orders and label checks must be performed when dispensing and administering medications?
Answer: 3
Explanation:
what test is the process of having the patient perform a specific inspiratory and expiratory maneuvers?
The test that involves having the patient perform a specific inspiratory and expiratory maneuver is called a pulmonary function test (PFT).
In a PFT, the patient is asked to take a deep breath and then exhale as forcefully and completely as possible into a device called a spirometer. This measures the amount of air the patient is able to exhale, as well as how quickly they are able to do so. The test may also involve having the patient inhale a medication to see if it improves their lung function.
One specific type of PFT that involves inspiratory and expiratory maneuvers is the forced vital capacity (FVC) test. In this test, the patient is asked to take a deep breath and then exhale as forcefully and completely as possible, in order to measure the maximum amount of air they can exhale in one breath.
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does anyone know the answer to "profuse sweating" it had an "i" as the second letter, an "e" for the 8th letter, and "c" for 11th letter. in total the word has 11 letters but i can't figure it out, and "lack of oxygen to tissues" word is 8 letters long, 2nd letter is an "s," 4th word is "h", 6th word is "m"
Answer: The first word you are looking for is "diaphoresis", which means excessive sweating. The second word is "ishemia", which refers to a lack of oxygen to the tissues.
a client who has undergone a lower limb amputation is preparing to be discharged home. what outcome is necessary prior to discharge?
The outcome is the patient can demonstrate safe use of assistive devices.
Amputation is the surgical removal of a limb due to trauma, sickness, or surgery. It is performed as a surgical procedure to manage discomfort or a disease condition in the afflicted limb, such as cancer or gangrene. It is often performed on individuals as a prophylactic surgery for such conditions. A specific instance is congenital amputation, a congenital condition in which embryonic limbs are severed by constrictive bands. Amputation is being used to punish criminals in various nations.
The majority of new amputations in the United States are caused by vascular system (blood vessel) problems, particularly diabetes. In the United States, there were an average of 133,735 hospital discharges for amputation every year between 1988 and 1996.
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Files have slanting rows of teeth and rasps have ___ teeth
a teenage boy tells the nurse that his parents embarrass him in front of his friends when they kiss him goodbye. the nurse is aware that this teenager is revisiting which stage of development identified by erikson?
This teenager is revisiting the stage of development identified by Erikson as "Identity vs. Role Confusion," during which adolescents try to establish their own identity and separate from their parents.
What is adolescents ?Adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood that typically begins around age 12 and lasts until age 18. During this period, physical, mental and social changes are experienced as individuals move from dependence to independence. Adolescence is marked by rapid growth in physical development, increased cognitive abilities, increased emotional and social maturity, and the development of abstract thinking. This is also a time of increased risk taking, exploration and identity formation as adolescents search for their place in the world. During this period, adolescents are expected to become more independent, take on more responsibility, and make decisions that will shape their life path.
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the nurse reviews ms. sanogo's chart. which factors place this patient at higher risk for a postpartum hemorrhage? (select all that apply)
The factors that place her at higher risk for postpartum hemorrhage are:
Induction of labor with oxytocin (Pitocin)Baby weighed 9 lb (4082 g)Second degree lacerationProlonged second stage of laborWhen a woman experiences significant bleeding after giving birth, this is referred to as postpartum hemorrhage. It's a terrible yet uncommon disorder. It normally occurs within one day of giving birth, however it can occur up to 12 weeks later. PPH can be caused by a variety of factors, the most prevalent of which is uterine atony, or the inability of the uterus to contract and retract after childbirth. PPH in a prior pregnancy is a substantial risk factor that should be investigated thoroughly to understand the severity and etiology.
Current World Health Organization PPH recommendations include providing 1 g TXA intravenously as soon as possible after delivering delivery, followed by a second dosage if bleeding persists after 30 minutes or resumes within 24 hours of the first.
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The complete question is:
The nurse reviews Ms. Sanogo's chart. which factors place her at higher risk for postpartum hemorrhage? (select all that apply)
-Baby weighed 9lb-Second degree laceration-Prolonged second stage of labor-Induction of labor with oxytocin-Massage the fundus-Maintain adequate tissue perfusion-Control blood lossif you were trying to increase fiber in your diet and wanted to include at least 4-5 grams of fiber per meal, how many servings would you have to consume of this product? group of answer choices 1 serving 2 servings 3 servings
if you were trying to increase fibre in your diet and wanted to include at least 4-5 grams of fibre per meal, Option B: 2 servings you would have to consume of this product.
Colon cancer, diverticular disease, heart disease, diabetes, etc. are a few of the conditions that a high-fiber diet appears to make you less likely to conquer with. Fiber is essential for lowering cholesterol and preserving gut health. If 4-5 grams of fiber has to be included in each meal, then 2 servings would be consumed.
It has been demonstrated that soluble fiber lowers overall blood cholesterol levels and may help diabetics with their blood sugar levels.
Oats, dry beans, as well as various fruits and vegetables, are the richest sources of soluble fiber. Insoluble and soluble fiber do not have dietary reference intakes, however many experts advise consuming 25 to 30 grams of dietary fiber day, with 6 to 8 grams of that amount coming from soluble fiber. Here are a few foods with 3–4 grams of fiber each:
Apple
Orange
Tangerine
Pear
Blueberries, 1 cup
strawberries, 1 cup
Raspberries are rich in fiber, with 8 grams per cup.
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which type of medication is most commonly used to treat parasitic infections?
Anti-parasitic drugs is most commonly used to treat parasitic infections.
Antiparasitics are a type of pharmaceutical used to treat parasitic disorders caused by helminths, amoeba, ectoparasites, parasitic fungus, and protozoa, among other things. Antiparasitics work by eliminating or suppressing the parasitic agents of infections; they are often effective against a restricted number of parasites within a certain class.
Antiparasitics are antimicrobial medications that comprise antibiotics that kill bacteria and antifungals that kill fungus. They can be given orally, intravenously, or topically. Broad-spectrum antiparasitics, similar to broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacteria, are antiparasitic medications that are effective in treating a wide range of parasitic illnesses caused by parasites of various types.
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after confirming the patient's name, what should a pharmacy technician verify when a nurse picks up a patient's medication at the hospital pharmacy window?
When a nurse picks up a patient’s medication at the hospital pharmacy window, the pharmacy technician should verify the patient name, the medication name.
The medicine, route of administration, and frequence of administration. They should also check the case's disinclinations, and the croaker 's orders for the drug. also, the technician must insure that the drug is within its expiration date, and that the case has been counseled on it. The technician should also make sure that the case understands the side
goods and any preventives they should take while taking the drug. Eventually, they should review the case's record to make sure there are no contraindications with any other specifics they're taking.
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a pregnant patient presents to the ed with bleeding, cramping, and concerns of loss of tissue and material per vagina. on examination, the physician discovers an open cervical os with no products of conception seen. he tells the patient she has had an abortion. what type of abortion has she had?
The type of abortion which the pregnant patient presents with bleeding, cramping, and concerns of loss of tissue and material per vagina is spontaneous.
A pregnant who is passing blood clots and should the EMT be most suspicious of having a spontaneous abortion. Both cup along with the uterus and there is one of the hands positioned just above the symphysis pubis.
The EMT place a gloved hand inside of female body that indicated for breech delivery along with an entrapped head umbilical cord. A mother who is in active labor should be necessarily placed on cot or floor to prevent the newborn form falling after delivery.
According to the american heart associations the immediate general treatment of chest pain suggestive of ischemia.
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the nurse is collecting data from an adolescent being seen for a well-child check. during the interview, the teen reports he sleeps about 6 hours per night during the week but is able to sleep 8 to 9 hours on the weekend. what response by the nurse is most appropriate?
The nurse's most appropriate response to the child's bedtime is "Sleep regularly for 8 hours per day can help maintain health and improve concentration while studying."
Ideal bedtimeSleep time requirements vary depending on age. As we get older, the need for sleep time decreases. The following are recommended ideal bedtimes based on age:
School-age children ages 6–13: 9–11 hours per day.Teens ages 14–17: 8–10 hours per day.Young adults ages 18–25: 7–9 hours per day.Adults 26–64 years: 7–9 hours per day.Elderly over 65 years: 7-8 hours per day.Sleep is quite important for adolescents because the brain remains active during sleep, processing memories and emotions, refreshing cells and cleaning up remnants of waste material that can slow or impair brain function.
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4. Describe what triggers breathing for a healthy person and for a person with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
5. When the breathing trigger is activated, it signals the medulla oblongata. Describe the process of inhaling starting with the respiratory center and ending with the expansion of the lungs.
Answer:
4 It's typically caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke
5 The medulla oblongata's medullary inspiratory center produces rhythmic nerve impulses that cause the inspiratory muscles to contract (diaphragm and external intercostal muscles). These muscles normally relax during expiration, but with rapid breathing, the inspiratory center stimulates the expiratory muscles to speed up the process (internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles).
what statement made by a person regarding hydrochlorothiazide is correct? 1. "Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) enhances kidney function causing you to urinate more and that decreases your blood pressure." 2. "Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) decreases the fluid in your bloodstream and this lowers your blood pressure." 3. "Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) dilates your blood vessels so you urinate more and your blood pressure decreases." 4. "Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) increases your heart rate; this pumps blood faster to your kidneys so you urinate more and your blood pressure decreases."
The correct statement regarding hydrochlorothiazide is option 2: "Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) decreases the fluid in your bloodstream and this lowers your blood pressure."
Hydrochlorothiazide is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as diuretics or "water pills." It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and fluid retention (edema) caused by conditions such as congestive heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. By helping the body get rid of excess fluid and salt, hydrochlorothiazide can lower blood pressure and reduce swelling. It is typically taken orally in the form of a tablet or capsule. Like all medications, hydrochlorothiazide can have side effects, including dizziness, headache, and increased sensitivity to sunlight.
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