why do different types of matter have different requirements to phase change?

Explanation:

Write a short report describing your ideas for a school of the future. You can suggest changes to:

• school buildings and classrooms.

• the library

• the cafeteria

• how classes are taught.

Give a reason for each of your suggestions. Use a variety of synonyms and accurate vocabulary.

200 words only

The initial temperature of copper is 89.41°C.

Calorimetry is the science of measuring the heat absorbed or evolved during the course of a chemical reaction or change of state.

According to this question, a 98.3 g piece of copper with specific heat of 0.380 J/g･°C is heated and then placed into 400.0 g of water initially at 20.7°C. The water increases in temperature to 22.2°C. The initial temperature can be calculated as follows;

Q = mc∆T

Where;

Q(water) = -Q(metal)

400 × 4.184 × 1.5 = -(98.3 × 0.38 × {22.2 - x})

2510.4 = - (829.26 - 37.354x)

2510.4 = -829.26 + 37.354x

3339.659 = 37.354x

X = 89.41°C

Therefore, 89.41°C is the initial temperature of the copper metal.

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The initial temperature of the copper piece is approximately 0.72°C.

To find the initial temperature of the copper piece, we can use the equation Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat energy, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

First, let's calculate the heat energy gained by the water. The mass of the water is 400.0 g, and the change in temperature is 22.2°C - 20.7°C = 1.5°C.

Using the equation Q = mcΔT, we have:

Q_water = (400.0 g)(4.18 J/g • °C)(1.5°C) = 2490 J

Next, let's calculate the heat energy lost by the copper piece. The mass of the copper is 90.7 g, and the change in temperature is the same as the water, 1.5°C.

Using the equation Q = mcΔT, we have:

Q_copper = (90.7 g)(0.380 J/g • °C)(1.5°C) = 51.8 J

Since energy is conserved, the heat energy gained by the water is equal to the heat energy lost by the copper piece:

Q_water = Q_copper

2490 J = 51.8 J

Now, let's solve for the initial temperature of the copper piece. Rearranging the equation Q = mcΔT to solve for the initial temperature, we have:

T_initial = (Q_copper) / (m_copper * c_copper)

Substituting the values, we get:

T_initial = (51.8 J) / (90.7 g * 0.380 J/g • °C) ≈ 0.72°C

Therefore, the initial temperature of the copper piece is approximately 0.72°C.

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All the element have their own unique color because the every element have their own set of energy levels.

According to the bohr model of atoms : electrons exist at certain energy levels. when we give heat to electron , it gets excited and moves from lower energy level to higher energy level. the electron is less stable in higher energy level. when an electron returns from higher energy level to lower energy level it emits some energy in form of radiation. The wavelength of light depends upon energy level . and every elements have their own unique energy levels.  The color for different element is different.

Thus, All the element have their own unique color because the every element have their own set of energy levels.

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Answer:

b.Independent variable

Explanation:

The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test, a good experiment has only one independent variable. As the scientist changes the independent variable, he or she records the data that they collect.

.

The reaction is not at equilibrium and it is in the forward direction.

a.

Given,

[N₂] = 0.910 mol / L

[H₂] = 0.3 mol / L

[NH₃] = 0.0081 mol / L

K = 9.83 x 10⁻²

The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is,

N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇄ 2NH₃(g)

The formula of equilibrium constant is given by,

K = [NH₃]² / [N₂] [H₂]²

9.83 x 10⁻² = [(0.0081)² ]/ [0.910 × (0.3)²]

⇒9.83 x 10⁻² = (0.00006561) / (0.0819)

⇒9.83 x 10⁻² = 0.0008010989

⇒0.00983 = 0.0008010989

LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the reaction is not at equilibrium.

b.

The reaction is in forward direction.

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Chlorine gas is bubbled through a calcium bromide solution is a single displacement reaction.

Chlorine (in the form of a gas or dissolved in water) replaces bromine when added to calcium bromide solution. Chlorine replaces bromine in calcium bromide because it is more reactive than bromine. The solution darkens. The displaced bromine is responsible for this brown color. calcium chloride is the product of the chlorine.

A single replacement reaction, also known as a single displacement reaction, occurs when one element in a molecule is swapped out for another. Starting ingredients are always pure elements combined with an aqueous compound, such as pure hydrogen gas or zinc metal. A new aqueous compound and a different pure element will be produced as products when a replacement reaction takes place.

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5.57  is the pH of the buffer .

What is buffer ?

Buffer, in chemistry, usually a solution containing acids and bases or salts that tends to maintain a constant concentration of hydrogen ions. An ion is an atom or molecule that has lost or gained one or more electrons. A common buffer is a solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium acetate. In aqueous solution, sodium acetate completely dissociates into sodium (Na+) and acetate (CH3COO-) ions. Buffer solutions with different hydrogen ion concentrations can be prepared by varying the buffer ratio and choosing acids of appropriate intrinsic strength. Commonly used buffers include phosphate, citrate, or borate and their salts

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Polyatomic ions: [tex]CH_3COO^-[/tex], [tex]NO_3^-[/tex], [tex]NH^+[/tex], [tex]CN^-[/tex], [tex]Li^+[/tex], and [tex]OH^-[/tex]

Monatomic ions: [tex]Ca^{2+[/tex], [tex]O^{2-[/tex], and [tex]Fe^{3+[/tex]

In chemistry, monoatomic ions are ions that consist of only a single type of atom. They are usually positive or negatively charged and are otherwise known as simple ions. Examples include  [tex]Ca^{2+[/tex], [tex]O^{2-[/tex], and [tex]Fe^{3+[/tex]

Polyatomic ions, on the other hand, are ions that consist of more than one atom, unlike monoatomic ions. The two or more atoms are covalently bonded and the entire structure behaves like a single chemical entity in reactions. Polyatomic ions are otherwise known as molecular ions.

Examples of polyatomic ions are  [tex]CH_3COO^-[/tex], [tex]NO_3^-[/tex], [tex]NH^+[/tex], [tex]CN^-[/tex], [tex]Li^+[/tex], and [tex]OH^-[/tex]

Thus, from the diagram:

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Answer:

Br- has 35 protons and 36 electrons

Explanation:

Do you mean Br-?

Br has atomic number of 35 => 35 protons.

Neutral Br has 35 electrons.

Br- has 1 extra electron, resulting in total of 36 electrons.

Metallic bonds occur amid metal atoms. Whereas ionic bonds combine metals with non-metals, metallic bonding fixes several metal atoms.

An ionic bond is formed by joining a metal and a nonmetal, while a covalent bond is formed by allying two nonmetals. So we check the periodic table to see if our compound is made up of metals or nonmetals, or of two nonmetals.

Covalent compounds are built when two nonmetals react with each other. Since hydrogen is a nonmetal, binary compounds that carry hydrogen are also usually covalent compounds. Metallic elements produced compounds with non-metallic elements with the help of ionic bonds.

So we can conclude that In metals, the electrons leave the outer shells of metal atoms, devise positive metal ions and a 'sea' of delocalized electrons.

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The volume of oxygen is 14.7 litres.

What is volume?

volume is a measure of occupied three dimensional space.

Sol-Balanced chemical reaction: C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O.

m(C₃H₈-propane) = 5.53 g.

n(C₃H₈) = m(C₃H₈) ÷ M(C₃H₈).

n(C₃H₈) = 5.53 g ÷ 44.1 g/mol.

n(C₃H₈) = 0.125 mol.

From chemical reaction: n(C₃H₈) : n(O₂) = 1 : 5.

n(O₂) = 0.625 mol.

T = 25° = 298.15K.

p = 1.04 atm.

R = 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K.

Ideal gas law: p·V = n·R·T .

V(O₂) = n·R·T / p.

V(O₂) = 0.625 mol · 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K · 298.15 K / 1.04 atm.

V(O₂) = 14.7 L.

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Answer:

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

The difference between the molecules that have dipole forces and those that have London forces is that the molecules that have dipole forces are polar while those that have London forces are not.

We know that dipole forces are one of the kinds of intermolecular forces that exist. Let us note that a molecule is composed of the primary bond forces that hold the atoms of the molecule together and then the secondary bond forces that do hold the molecules together.

Now, the kind of interactions that exists between the molecules is the reason for the properties of the compound that we see. The molecules have not been shown here but I would discuss the properties of the London forces and the dipole forces.

Note that the molecules that do have the dipole forces have an electronegativity difference between the atoms of the molecule. The molecules that have the London forces are largely non polar.

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To determine if the piece of plastic has a density greater or less than 1 g/cm³, the piece of plastic is placed in water, if it sinks, it has a greater density, but if it floats, it has a lesser density.

The density of a substance measure how compact the substance is.

For fluids such as water, objects that are denser than water will sink in water. However, if the density is less than that of water, it will float in water.

The density of water is 1 g/cm³.

Hence, objects that have densities greater than 1 g/cm³ will sink in water, whereas objects that have densities less than 1 g/cm³ will float in water.

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An object is placed in 20 mL of water. This water rose to a level of 26 mL. The object has a mass of 18 g. the density of the object is 3 g/mL.

given the data as follows :

mass of object  =  18 g

volume of object = final volume - initial volume

volume of object = 26 mL - 20 mL

                             = 6 mL

the density expression is given as:

Density = mass / volume

Density = 18 g / 6 mL

Density = 3 g/mL

Thus, An object is placed in 20 mL of water. This water rose to a level of 26 mL. The object has a mass of 18 g. the density of the object is 3 g/mL

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The element is in 2nd group, 3rd period and s block.

How to check the group, period and block of the elements by looking at the electronic configuration?

The total number of valence electron gives us the group, the total number of shells gives us the period and the shell which the valence electron is entering tells us about the block it belongs to.

In [Ne]3s2, the valence electron is 2, the number of shells is 3 that is 1,2 and 3. the valence electron is entering the the s subshell.

Therefore, in [Ne]3s2, the group is 2nd, the period is 3 and it belongs to s block.

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Answer:

Strength:

Weakness:

Using the Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, there are six  electron dense areas in the compound.

According to the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, the number of electron pairs that surround the valence shell of the central atom of the molecule is the determinant factor of the  shape of the molecule.

Thus, the repulsion between the electron pairs would make  the compound to assume a certain shape as the electrons would be able to maximize the repulsion that does exists between them.

In this case, we have a compound that have a central tom that is surround be six electron pairs that surround the central atom and they are all bond pairs of electron thus we would have six areas of electron density.

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One mole of CS₂ and two moles of H₂S are formed as products and 3 moles of CH₄ are leftover.

A limiting reagent is a reactant that is fully exhausted from the reaction mixture at the completion of a  reaction. The limiting reactant will decide the maximum amount of product.

Given, a balanced chemical equation of the reaction between methane and sulphur is:

[tex]CH_4 + 4S\longrightarrow CS_2 +2H_2S[/tex]

Given, the number of moles of the sulphur = 4

The number of moles of methane = 4

From the chemical reaction, one mole of methane reacts with four moles of sulphur. Therefore, four moles of sulphur fully react with one mole of methane and three moles of methane leftover.

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Answer: villi/villus

Explanation: The parts labeled 2 are villi, many of which are found in the small intestine.

villi/villus exchange surface in the human body which are found in the small intestine.

They are small finger-like folding in the small intestine, A network of capillaries and a big lymph vessel called the lacteal supply the villi.

These are found in the small intestine's inner walls, Villi are specialized for absorption in the small intestine as they have a thin wall, one cell thick, which enables a shorter diffusion path.

They have a large surface area so there will be more efficient absorption of fatty acids and glycerol into the blood stream. They have a rich blood supply to keep a concentration gradient.

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Answer:d

Explanation:

A Biotechnologist decides to use directed evolution as an enzyme engineering technique when the enzyme mechanisms is understood and provides insight to engineering Why is directed evolution important?

A potent method for enhancing the functionality of proteins is directed evolution. When the biological function is unclear or there is little chemical understanding of the substrate and protein structure, directed evolution generates hundreds of variants in order to find the optimal solution.

What is enzyme engineering technique?

In order to increase the usefulness and activity of existing enzymes, enzyme engineering approaches use recombinant DNA technology to develop new proteins and enzymes with designer functions.

What is rational design?

In synthetic science and biomolecular designing, sane plan (RD) is an umbrella term which welcomes the system of making new particles with a specific usefulness, in light of the capacity to foresee how the atom's construction (explicitly got from themes) will influence its conduct through actual models.

Hence, Biotechnologist most likely to decide to use directed evolution as an enzyme engineering technique as opposed to rational design when the enzyme mechanism is understood and provides insight to engineering .

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The structural formula for 2,2-dimethylbutane in the above task is (CH3)3CCH2CH3.

The correct answer choice is option b.

It follows that the structural formula for the above compound in the above task has 4 carbon atoms as the parent chain and has 2 different methyl substituents on the same carbon 2.

The image to the paper work is attached for more clearity.

The compound; 2,2-dimethylbutane ( (CH3)3CCH2CH3 ) belong to an alkane family. They have a general formula CnH2n+2.

So therefore, we can now confirm from the explanation given above that the only correct answer for the structural formula of the compound above is (CH3)3CCH2CH3

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In an investigation of the decomposition of water, a student compared the amount of oxygen in one test tube to the amount of hydrogen in the other test tube is There is one - half as much as hydrogen.

In decomposition of water , water can be broken into the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas. The water decomposition reaction is given as :

2H₂O   ------>     2H₂     +     O₂

The ratio of  hydrogen and oxygen in the decomposition reaction of water is 2 : 1.

Thus, In an investigation of the decomposition of water, a student compared the amount of oxygen in one test tube to the amount of hydrogen in the other test tube is There is one - half as much as hydrogen.

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The mass of iron (II) oxide that must be used to produce 10.6 g of iron would be 14.37 grams.

Iron is produced from iron (II) oxide by reacting with carbon monoxide according to the following equation:

[tex]Fe_2O_3 + 3CO -- > 2Fe + 3CO_2[/tex]

The equation already obeys the law of conservation of atoms. Hence. it is a balanced equation.

The mole ratio of iron (III) oxide that reacts and the iron that is produced according to the equation is 1:2.

Now, in a particular reaction involving iron (III) oxide and carbon monoxide, 10.6 grams of iron were produced. The amount of iron (III) oxide used can be obtained using the mole ratio from the balanced equation of the reaction.

Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass

Molar weight of iron = 56 g/mol

Mole of 10.6 g of iron = 10.6/56

                                    = 0.19 moles

Since the mole ratio is 1:2, the equivalent mole of iron (III) oxide that reacts can be obtained:

                  0.19/2 = 0.09 moles

Molar mass of iron (III) oxide = 159.69 g/mol

Mass of 0.09 mol iron (III) oxide = 0.09 x 159.69

                                                    = 14.37 grams

Thus, the amount of iron (III) oxide that must be used to produce 10.6 g of iron would be 14.37 grams.

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1) The transition that produces the least energy is n = 4 → n = 3

2) The transition that produces a photon with the highest frequency is n = 6 → n = 3

3) The  transition that produces a photon with the shortest wavelength n = 4 → n = 3

We know from the Bohr model that an electron that is found in the hydrogen atom can be moved from a lower to a higher energy level and that would happen when the electron is able to absorb energy in the form of visible light.

Looking at the transitions as we have it here, we can see that the photon that would photons produce the least energy would be two levels that are closest together.

Also, the photon that would have the highest frequency is the photon that is involved in the transition that has the furthest energy apart from each other.

The transition that produces  a photon with the shortest wavelength must also be farthest  apart in energy.

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This reaction, CIO + O - CI + O2, is an example of an endothermic chemical reaction, where the reactants take heat energy from their environment and use it to create products.

Endothermic chemical reactions occur when the reactants take in heat energy from their environment to create products. A cooling effect is produced by these reactions because they cause their surroundings to become cooler.

Exothermic means that the chemical reaction releases energy. In exothermic reactions, bonds are broken in the reactants, but more energy is released when the bonds are broken in the products. Endothermic chemical processes are those that take up (or utilize) energy.

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Gold and copper were the first forms of matter investigated by humans because they were pretty and have a shiny appearance.

Gold and copper have a shiny face and they were used in the production of ornaments and jewelry. Along with jewelry many other precious items were made from gold and copper. Gold and copper were so valuable forms of matter and they are also economically used by many countries. Gold was mostly used in making of ornaments and copper was used in making of frames.

In today's modern world mainly gold is one of the most precious element which is obtained for economical use.

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The equilibrium constant K of the electrochemical cell is 2.976.

The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is described as the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change.

We have that:

ΔG = -nFE°cell

n = 2

Force value = 96,500 J/(V･mol)

E°cell = +0.0140 V

ΔG = -(2 *  96,500  * 0.0140)

ΔG = -2702 J

Then,

But;

ΔG = -R TlnK

lnK = -(ΔG/RT)

The value of K = e^[-(ΔG/RT))

The value of K = e^[-(( -2702)/8.314 * 298]

The value of K = 2.976

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