why do you think genentech’s method to produce recombinant insulin worked while biogen’s method did not?

Organizations and employees are different in several ways, including their goals, responsibilities, and actions.

Organizations are typically made up of multiple employees working together to achieve a common goal, such as maximizing profits or providing goods or services. They have a hierarchical structure, and employees often have specific roles and responsibilities within the organization. On the other hand, employees are individuals who work for the organization and are primarily concerned with their own careers and personal goals.Organizations make decisions that are in the best interest of the company as a whole, while employees make decisions based on their individual needs and preferences. Organizations also have the power to make changes to policies, procedures, and processes, whereas employees typically only have the power to influence these decisions through their actions and contributions.

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An inclination is utilized for putting away microscopic organisms long haul. It is alluded to as an agar incline in light of the fact that the fluid culture cement while the cylinder is in a shifted position

An agar incline is a test container of supplement agar that was permitted to harden at a point making a bigger level surface for development at the highest point of the agar.

Gives a strong development region that is more straightforward to store. What is the essential utilization of deeps? Used to develop microscopic organisms that need less oxygen.

"Incline" is an abbreviation that means 'Sit up, Incline forward, Ask and respond to inquiries, Gesture your head, and Track the speaker. ' It is a straightforward procedure to energize and remind understudies on being mindful and dynamic in class.

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Option a is Correct. The primary role of the lymphatic system is to return leaking fluids to the circulatory system.

A component of the immune system is the lymphatic system. It protects the body from infections and maintains a balance in body fluid levels. A watery fluid called lymph is drained from every part of the body through lymphatic (lim-FAT-ik) veins, tissues, organs, and glands.

A colorless fluid called lymph travels throughout the lymphatic system. Filtering out germs, organic waste, poisons, and other debris is the lymphatic system's primary function. It transports immune system defenses known as lymphocytes throughout the body. The lymphatic system's main function is to return surplus lymph fluid from human tissues to the blood.

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Answer: The patient had too few red blood cells

Explanation:

Brain stem, spinal cord, and cerebellum oriented differently in the human and the sheep because brain stem and cerebellum of a sheep is smaller in size than that of a human.

This reflect the stature of the organism because the spinal cord of the sheep flattens so that it affects the stature of the sheep that walks on all fours

Brain is the control center of all organs located in the cavity of the skull and which is covered by a strong lining of the brain. The brain is very instrumental in the formation of motor behaviors in all humans. Our brain activity through neurons affects our motor movements.

Sheep and human brains are similar in shape but different in size. The large brain of the sheep is smaller and elongated than the human brain. Sheep also have a flat spine and a cerebellum that faces backwards, affecting the way sheep walk on all fours. While the human cerebellum faces downward which affects the way humans learn by using two legs, This is supported by a vertical human spine so that it can walk upright.

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Natural selection is where a human decides which traits should be passed on.

Natural selection is the process through which populations of the living organisms will adapt and change. Individuals in a population are naturally variable, means that they are all different in some ways. This variation means that some of the individuals have traits better suited to the environment than to the others. Individuals with adaptive traits—traits that give them some advantage—are more likely to survive as well as reproduce. These individuals then pass to the adaptive traits on to their offspring. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common into the population.

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75% of offspring will have brown eyes when two heterozygous brown-eyed individuals are crossed. Here, the brown eye trait is dominating. Hence, option D is correct.

You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two versions differ from one another.

For instance, having one gene for red hair and one allele for brown hair could indicate that you are heterozygous for hair color. Which qualities are expressed depends on how the two alleles are related.

A homozygous dominant genotype is TT. A homozygous recessive genotype is represented by tt. Tt is a genotype that is heterozygous.

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The plant reproduces asexually while only one parent is required. So, the correct option is D.

Asexual reproduction is defined as the type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. Asexual reproduction is defined as a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent, where the new individuals produced are genetically and physiologically similar to each other, i.e. they are similar to their parents.

They are clones of the parents. It is observed in both multicellular and unicellular organisms.

Thus, the correct option is D.

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Arches and bacteria have similarities and differences. While archaea do not have interior membranes like bacteria do, they both have cell walls and use flagella to swim.

Prokaryotes are a group of microorganisms that include bacteria and archaea. Previously, archaea were categorized as bacteria; however, it has since been discovered that these two organisms have distinct biochemistry and evolutionary histories.

Eukarya includes us and all other animals, plants, fungi, and single-celled protists, which are all organisms whose cells have nuclei to enclose their DNA apart from the rest of the cell. Both Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes or single-celled microorganisms with no nuclei.

Prokaryotic unicellular organisms are found in the archea, Pseudo peptidoglycan makes up the cell wall of archaea, whereas Peptidoglycan or lipopolysaccharide makes up the cell wall of bacteria.

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Answer:

Scientists make insulin by inserting a gene that codes for the insulin protein into either yeast or bacteria.

Explanation:

The bronchi limits air flow when tar builds up in bronchi due to breathing issues resulting from elastin degradation. As a result, the tar buildup in the bronchioles causes the elastin in the mucous layer to deteriorate.

It prevents air from entering the lungs. because the hydrocarbons in the tar cause the bronchi in the lungs to die and the tar adheres to the interior of the lungs. The inflammation of the bronchial tubes' lining is referred to as bronchitis. As bronchioles swell, they constrict and less air can get into and out of the lungs. Mucus can amass in the lungs due to bronchial inflammation that is chronic. The bronchial tube lining increases over time, and scarring of the airways is a potential outcome.

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Flower is not a key adaptation of plants for life on land which is as opposed to life in the water so the correct option is A.

Chloroplasts, which contain the color chlorophyll, are also necessary for land  shops to photosynthesize and produce energy. thus, flowers aren't a  crucial  adaption of  shops for life on land also Flowers are the adaptation that helps many plants to make seeds to grow a new plants.

Chloroplasts contain the green color chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy and uses it to convert water and carbon dioxide into the sugars glucose and oxygen. Chloroplasts are made up of  colorful  factors, including thylakoid membranes,thylakoid lumen, grana, stroma, and a nucleoid.

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The clusters of chlorophyll and proteins that absorb sunlight and generate high-energy electrons in chloroplasts are called photosystems. The correct option is A.

The thylakoid membrane contains components called photosystems that capture light and transform it into chemical energy.

A reaction centre is surrounded by a number of light-harvesting complexes that make up each photosystem.

Photosystems are the groups of proteins and chlorophyll that absorb light and produce high-energy electrons in chloroplasts.

Chlorophyll and protein clusters called photosystems are found in thylakoids. Photosystems produce high-energy electrons by absorbing sunlight.

Thus, the correct option is A.

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There are three steps to transcription and translation: initiation, elongation, and termination.

Protein molecules are the "workhorses" of the cell, encoding the genes that carry out all of life's essential functions. Proteins include, for instance, DNA polymerases and other enzymes that copy DNA during cell division, as well as enzymes that metabolize nutrients and synthesize new cellular components.

Basically, expressing a gene means making the protein that goes with it. This complex process involves two major steps. Through a process known as transcription, the information in DNA is transferred to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule in the first step. An enzyme known as RNA polymerase II catalyzes the formation of a pre-mRNA molecule, which is then processed to form mature mRNA. The mature mRNA is a single-stranded copy of the gene that must then be translated into a protein molecule. The DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary base-pairing during transcription.

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The correct answer is option D. All of the above are considered anthropoids.

Anthropoids are a group of primates that include monkeys, apes, and prosimians. They are characterized by their large brains and complex social structures. Apes include gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and bonobos, and are known for their upright posture, large brains, and ability to use tools.

Prosimians, on the other hand, include lemurs and lorises and are known for their large eyes and nocturnal habits. Monkeys, such as macaques and capuchins, are known for their agility and intelligence. All of these primates belong to the order Primates and share a common ancestry. However, they have evolved differently over time and have adapted to their specific environments, leading to their unique physical and behavioral characteristics.

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Complete Question;

anthropoids do not include____.

a) apes

b) prosimians

c) monkeys

d) all of the above are considered anthropoids

Simple squamous epithelium known as mesothelium lines the thoracic, pericardial, and abdominal cavities. The circulatory system's endothelium is a straightforward squamous epithelium.

Special names for the lining of some interior surfaces include endothelium and mesothelium. Endothelium is the term for the basic squamous epithelium that lines the whole circulatory system, including the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, sinusoids, and lymphatics.

The "corneal endothelium," which is a distinct specialised tissue, is the term used to describe the inner lining of the cornea. A mesodermally produced simple squamous epithelium known as mesothelium lines the major bodily cavities (peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial).

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Answer:

The principle is called "Survival of the fittest" and it was developed by British biologist Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.

The DNA's typical sequence is TCA-GAG-GTG-AAA. and The DNA sequence of a person is TCA-GAG-TCA-AAA.

Here, a standard gene code (GTG) was deleted and the third segment of the person's DNA (TCA) was inserted as a result, leading to the frameshift mutation. Because of the nonfunctional protein sequence, which can be both longer and shorter than the expected sequence, the final protein product will be abnormal.

Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that a person carrying that particular gene code is likely to experience disease because the frameshift mutation in the DNA sequence prevents the production of functional proteins.

The sequence underwent a mutation, changing a gene as a result. This particular person will not develop any kind of protein deficiency or disease state as a result of this sequence.

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This might be an important trait for the cell membrane to have Because the cell membrane is selectively permeable, it is able to keep the internal conditions of the cell constant in a changing environment.

Homeostasis is a state of equilibrium that is necessary for all living things. The cell is able to bring in molecules it needs and keep out molecules it doesn't because it is selectively permeable. Additionally, it enables the cell to control when particular molecules enter or exit the cell. Complex signaling cascades that control how cells work are made possible by this.

The structure of the cell membrane makes it selectively permeable. The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids are facing inward when they are arranged in a bilayer. Because the tails are packed tightly together, no large molecules can pass through.

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Answer:

Explanation:

A

Losing a centromere on a chromosome can have significant consequences for the cell and organism.

The centromere is a critical region on a chromosome that acts as the primary attachment point for microtubules from the spindle apparatus during cell division. Microtubules from opposite poles of the cell attach to the centromere, and the pulling tension generated by these microtubules helps to separate the chromosomes into the two newly formed nuclei.

If a chromosome loses its centromere, it would no longer have a site for the spindle microtubules to attach to, and as a result, it would not be drawn into one of the newly formed nuclei. Instead, it would likely be lost or degraded.

This can result in a loss of genetic information, leading to abnormal development and potential diseases such as cancer. Additionally, if the lost chromosome carries critical genes involved in regulation or cell division, this could lead to cell death or abnormal growth.

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To narrow your AES (Automated Essay Scoring), you can consider the following strategies:

Define clear scoring criteria: Establish a clear set of criteria for scoring essays, such as organization, grammar, and content. This will help you ensure that the AES is consistent and objective in its scoring.

Train the model: Train the AES using a large and diverse set of essays that are scored by human evaluators. The more diverse the training data, the better the AES will be able to handle a wide range of writing styles and topics.

Use high-quality data: Use high-quality, well-written essays for training and testing the AES. Poor quality data can result in incorrect or inconsistent scoring.

Regularly evaluate and update the model: Regularly evaluate the performance of the AES and make updates as needed. This can include adding more training data, adjusting the scoring criteria, and making other changes as necessary to improve performance.

Consider domain-specific features: If the AES will be used to evaluate essays on a specific topic or in a specific subject area, consider incorporating domain-specific features into the model. For example, in a science class, the AES could be trained to recognize specific scientific terms and concepts.

By following these strategies, you can help to ensure that your AES is accurate, consistent, and objective in its scoring of essays.

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The axial skeleton is the part of the human skeleton that consists of the bones of the skull, spine, and rib cage.

Skeleton is a type of framework that provides a basic structure for building a website or application. It helps developers to focus on the main features of the program without having to worry about the underlying technical details. Skeletons often provide a basic layout and structure, such as a navigation bar, header, and footer. They also provide placeholder content, such as text, images, and buttons, to help developers get a better idea of how the finished product should look. Skeleton helps developers to quickly and easily build web applications by providing a pre-built structure, allowing them to focus on the more creative aspects of design.

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The probability that both children will show the normal phenotype is 25%. If the man is heterozygous for the mutant allele, he has a 50% chance of passing it onto each of his children.

Since the woman is homozygous recessive, she will always pass the normal allele. So the man will pass either the mutant or normal allele to each child, and the woman will pass the normal allele.

Therefore, there is a 50% chance that each child will receive the normal allele and a 25% chance that both children will receive the normal allele.

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Answer:

An obvious way to figure out your genotype is to have a genetic test done. Companies like 23andMe can do this pretty inexpensively nowadays. For this to work, though, scientists have to have figured out the genetic difference that leads to a trait.

Explanation:

F (dominant) = Has Freckles. f (recessive) = No freckles.

If it is not right just tell me and explain what to do differently.

Please give me good reviews.

Answer:HH: 0.01

              Hh: 0.74

              hh:  0.16

Explanation:

A unit of granulocytes was prepared on April 13th at 10:00 am and is irradiated at 2:00 pm the same day. the expiration date will be April 14, 10 am.

The granulocyte concentrate is a suspension of granulocytes in plasma. Each concentrate (75 percent of the units) typically contains at least 1 × 1010 granulocytes, though the exact number varies. Each granulocyte concentrate typically contains some red cells—up to a hematocrit of 10%—because granulocytes and red cells cannot be separated entirely. As a result, crossmatching is necessary prior to the infusion of granulocyte concentration.

Granulocytes have a shelf life of 24 hours and are used to treat neutropenia and life-threatening infections. Thus the expiration date will be after 24 hours that is, 14th April at 10 am.

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Underwater geysers are hydrothermal vents that eject hot, mineral-rich fluids into the sea. They are the product of volcanic activity located along the mid-oceanic ridges.

Because they offer an environment rich in the components of life, like organic compounds, hydrothermal vents may have contributed to the beginning of life on Earth.

They offer an energy source that might propel the development of these molecules into increasingly intricate structures.

A clearer understanding of how life may have begun on our planet may be possible through the harsh conditions present at hydrothermal vents, such as the high temperatures and pressures.

Answer:

These hydrothermal vents erupt scorching hot water as well as different metal and chemical assemblages, sulfur, and other substances. They include components and circumstances that support metabolic pathways, which are absent from the other theories yet are thought to have been essential for the development of life.

Explanation:

Based on the description, the structures would be expected to have is magnetospirillum magneticum.

Mаgnetospirillum is а Grаm-negаtive, microаerophilic genus of mаgnetotаctic bаcterium, first isolаted from pond wаter by the microbiologist R. P. Blаkemore in 1975. They hаve а spirаl (helicаl) shаpe аnd аre propelled by а polаr flаgellum аt eаch end of their cells. Mаgnetospirillum mаgneticum аre а species thаt аre cаpаble of orienting аlong the eаrth’s mаgnetic field lines through their orgаnelles cаlled mаgnetosomes.

The typicаl hаbitаt of Mаgnetospirillum species consists of shаllow fresh wаter аnd sediments, chаrаcterized by low concentrаtions of oxygen for growth (microаerophilic) where they live in the upper portion of the sediment (oxic/аnoxic interfаce) аnd prefer аn oxygen grаdient of аround 1-3%.

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According to the research, "the current 2021 U.S. plastic recycling rate is anticipated to be between 5% and 6%. A recycling rate of 32. 1% was achieved with respect to the 94 million tonnes of MSW that were recycled and composted.

The true rate of plastic recycling in the United States may even be lower when additional losses that aren't monitored are taken into account, such as plastic waste that is collected for 'recycling' but is actually burned. Municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling rate is defined in proposed Section 11505(4) as "the quantity of MSW recycled and composted divided by the total amount of MSW recycled, composted, landfilled, or incinerated.  The recycling rate excludes material that is reused, avoided, or used to generate energy.

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