The value of pk1 increases for Alanine when it's part of an oligopeptide compared to free Alanine due to decreased electrostatic interaction between the amino group and carboxylic group which lowers the strength of acidic group i.e. carboxylic group.
The amino acids are amphoteric in nature and have two or three pK values, depending on their side chains. pKa1 is the α-carboxyl group, pKa2 is the α-ammonium ion, pKa3 is the side chain group (if applicable).
Electrostatic interaction between the carboxylate anion and the protonated amino group of the Alanine zwitterion favorably affects the ionization of the carboxyl group. This favorable interaction decreases as the length of the poly-Ala increases, resulting in an increase in pK1.
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The choice of system used to transport nutrients is based primarily on whether the nutrients are:________
The choice of system used to transport nutrients is based primarily on whether the nutrients are: FAT OR WATER SOLUBLE.
Depending on how soluble they are, nutrients can be categorized. Most dissolve in water because they are water-soluble. The fat-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, behave like oil and do not dissolve in water.Because they are soluble in organic solvents and are absorbed and transported similarly to fats, vitamins A, D, E, and K are referred to as fat-soluble vitamins.The B vitamins — folate, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 — and vitamin C are the nine water-soluble vitamins. A clinical illness caused by a deficiency in one of these water-soluble vitamins has the potential to cause serious morbidity and mortality.learn more about nutrients here: https://brainly.com/question/8070307
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A main outcome of ivan pavlov’s research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus?
A main outcome of Pavlov’s research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus only in the presence of an unconditioned stimulus that triggers an unlearned response.
What is Pavlov’s conditioning?
The classic conditioning -Pavlov conditioning- is an associative learning way. It is a behavior in which stimuli and responses are associated.
In Pavlov's conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus that usually induces a given response is associated with another conditioned stimulus -neutral- that does not provoke any response by itself.
Let us review a few concepts,
Unconditioned stimuli: Biologically significant stimuli that provoke an unlearned or reflex reaction. For example, food is an unconditioned stimulus.Conditioned stimuli: neutral, innocuous, or biologically not significant stimuli. Unconditioned Responses: Unlearned response that is triggered by reflex because of an unconditioned stimulus. An example is salivating.Conditioned Responses: These are provoked by conditioned stimuli. This refers to a learned response that reflects the association between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.Initially, an unconditioned stimulus does not provoke any response, but after enough exposure to conditioned and unconditioned stimuli together, the simple presence of unconditioned stimuli induces conditioned responses. In this aspect, the subject has learned to predict or anticipate the unconditioned stimulus.
The classic example is the one in which a dog increases its salivation secretion as an unconditioned response when it sees food -the unconditioned stimulus-.
If the unconditionated stimulus is associated with the sound of a ring bell or a light -conditioned stimulus-, after a certain time, the dog will secrete saliva when hearing the ring bell soung or seeing the light.
If the conditioned stimulus is associated with a bad experience, there is an aversion response or conditioned fear.
The main outcome of Ivan Pavlov’s research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus? Yes, but only in the presence of another unconditioned stimulus (food) that triggers an unlearned response (salivation).
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The _______ button automatically merges the selected cells and then centers the data from the first cell across the entire merged area. quick analysis merge & center center mini toolba
Merge & Center
To combine two or more separate cells, Excel includes a special button named "Merge & Center."
What is Merge and Center in Excel ?Excel Merge and Center - When using the merge cell function in database programming, multiple neighbouring cells can be combined into a single, larger cell.
By selecting "Merge Cells" and selecting "All Cells," the operation is complete. Centering the text signifies that it is possible to do so.When merging two or more cells, select the desired cells and simultaneously press the following keys: ALT + M + H.Learn more about Merge and Center here:
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When a person sees a doctor about a respiratory illness, the doctor will want to determine if the sickness is in the
upper respiratory tract or the lower respiratory tract. The starting point for the lower respiratory system is the
trachea.
Which structures are part of the upper respiratory system? Select three options.
the larynx
0
the bronchus
the alveoli
the lungs
the pharynx
The nose
Answer:
its below
Explanation:
The major passages and structures of the upper respiratory tract include the nose or nostrils, nasal cavity, mouth, throat (pharynx), and voice box (larynx)
Pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase catalyze reactions of gluconeogenesis that bypass the reaction of glycolysis that is catalyzed by?
Pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase catalyze reactions of gluconeogenesis that bypass the reaction of glycolysis that is catalyzed by pyruvate kinase.
Gluconeogenesis:The tissues of some organs, including the brain, the eye, and the kidney, use glucose as their primary or only source of metabolic fuel. Glycogen stores become exhausted during a protracted fast or intense exercise, and glucose must be created from scratch to keep blood glucose levels stable. The process through which glucose is created from non-hexose precursors such glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, and glucogenic amino acids is known as gluconeogenesis.
Glycolysis is effectively reversed during glucose synthesis. However, gluconeogenesis makes use of four distinct enzymes to skip the three highly exergonic (and essentially irreversible) phases of glycolysis. The pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose 6-phosphatase enzymes are specific to gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis can only take place in particular tissues because these enzymes are not found in all cell types. In humans, the liver and, to a lesser extent, the renal cortex are the primary locations for gluconeogenesis.
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In response to a steak dinner, certain secretions are needed to aid digestion. What cells in the pancreas would provide these secretions?.
Acinar cells
Yes, CCK would be activated in response to a heavy fat and protein meal, which would then drive a pancreatic secretion that is rich in enzymes.
What do Acinar cells do ?Nearly all of the digestive enzymes required for nutrition digestion that are active in the small intestinal lumen are synthesised and secreted by pancreatic acinar cells. To ensure a sufficient supply of digestive enzymes, both synthesis and secretion are tightly controlled over short and long time scales.
The exocrine pancreas's role. The centroacinar cells and intercalated duct cells release a biocarbonate-rich buffer solution, whereas the acinar cells create, store, and release digesting enzymes.Learn more about Acinar cells here:
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After ovulation, the secondary oocyte is drawn from the peritoneal cavity into the uterine tube by _________
After ovulation, the secondary oocyte is drawn from the peritoneal cavity into the uterine tube by fimbriae.
Ovulation is the process by which a developed egg is released from the female ovary so that male sperm cells can fertilize it. In humans, only one egg is typically released at a time; on rare occasions, two or more may do so during the menstrual cycle. On the 14th to 16th day of the roughly 28-day menstrual cycle, the egg emerges from the ovary. The little, finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes known as the fimbriae of the uterine tube, or fimbriae tube are where eggs go from the ovaries to the uterus. The ovary and fimbriae are joined.The immature ovum that forms soon after ovulation is called a secondary oocyte.Near the fibrotic end of the fallopian tube, secondary oocytes are discharged into the abdominal cavity.learn more about ovulation here:
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In the dna isolation process, ________ is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the dna molecules to easily precipitate.
In the DNA isolation process, ice cold 95% ethanol is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the DNA molecules to easily precipitate.
What is separation and isolation of DNA fragments?
The cutting of DNA by restriction endonucleases results in the fragments of DNA. These fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis.Since, DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix.The most commonly used matrix is agarose which is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds.The DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves.The separated DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation (you cannot see pure DNA fragments in the visible light and without staining). We can see bright orange coloured bands of DNA in a ethidium bromide stained gel exposed to UV light.The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. This step is known as elution.The DNA fragments purified in this way are used in constructing recombinant DNA by joining them with cloning vectors.To learn more about DNA isolation process: brainly.com/question/18316109
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Nonverbal communication refers to ________ body movements, gestures, and facial expressions. instant messaging and other e-communication. written language. beliefs assumed to be true by everyone.
Nonverbal communication refers to body movements, gestures, and facial expressions. Nonverbal communication, often known as manual language, is the process of conveying information without the use of spoken or written words.
Nonverbal communication is crucial because it reveals critical details about a situation, such as how someone may be feeling, how they process information, and how to approach an individual or group of individuals. These are the following types of nonverbal communication:
Face Expressions: Observers can tell someone's emotional condition from their facial expressions.
Paralinguistics: Vocal communication that is distinct from spoken language is referred to as paralinguistics.
Proxemics: A crucial form of nonverbal communication is the desire for personal space, which is something that people frequently discuss. We need a certain amount of space around us, and we also view a certain amount of space as being ours.
Body Language and Posture: Leg crossing and arm crossing are postures that portray a lot of information.
Gestures: Deliberate body language, including gestures like waving, pointing and using the fingers to represent numbers is a crucial tool for conveying ideas without using words.
Appearance: Our choices in hairstyles, clothing, and other aesthetic elements are frequently regarded as forms of nonverbal communication.
Eyes Gaze: The eyes are a key component of nonverbal communication, and major nonverbal acts include staring, blinking, and glancing.
Artifacts: Other means for nonverbal communication include objects and imagery.
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explain the
consequences of allowing a scientist to withhold
information from other scientists and the public.
If the concepts of feminization and masculinization apply to humans (which we cannot determine at present)...
Choices:
Masculine and feminine behaviors are purely social constructs
The concept that masculinity must be accompanied by a reduction in femininity is incorrect
The concept that femininity is unaffected by masculinity is correct
Biological behaviors associated with masculinity would also be associated with femininity
Masculine and feminine behaviors being purely social constructs is the correct choice and is denoted as option A.
What is Masculinity?This is defined as the features and behavior which are associated with the male gender.
Women are always regarded or set up as being inferior to men in the society thereby resulting in them not having the same cultural influence as men. This depicts the both of them being social constructs and is therefore the most appropriate choice.
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How should the nozzle tip of an air-polishing device be positioned for anterior teeth?
The hand-piece tip should be positioned at 80 degree angle to the buccal or oral surface and 90 degree angle to the occlusion surface of the posterior teeth.Tip should be held 3-4 mm from the surface.o
Air polishing involves the use of compressed air, water and glycerin power to disrupt oral biofilm and remove stain from tooth surfaces. Air polishing is essential t avoid trauma to oral soft tissues.
The surface of tooth which is called enamel is strong enough to withstand repeated tooth polishing , it avoid newly erupted teeth exposed root surface and area of decriminalized. If polishing does occur on these surface, fluid therapy can minimize the risk of dental case.
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The vertebrate group called ______ includes horses, wolves, cats, humans, cows, mice, deer, pigs, and bats.
Answer:
mammals
Explanation:
Answer: Mammals
Explanation: Mammals have hair or fur, are warm-blooded, most are born alive, the young are fed milk produced by the mother's mammary glands, and they have a more complex brain than other animals.
Kendra is studying the energy pyramid shown. Which statement is supported by the energy pyramid?
A) The ecosystem can support fewer foxes than grasshoppers.
What is energy pyramid?An energy pyramid is also called ecological pyramid. It is a graphical representation of the energy that are found within the trophic levels of an ecosystem. The largest level of the pyramid is the producers that is present at the bottom and the shortest level is present on the top of the pyramid which is tertiary consumer that have very low in population. This make the structure like a pyramid. We know that the size of the fox is bigger than grasshopper so more energy is needed by the fox which causes fewer foxes can survive in the ecosystem.
So we can conclude that the ecosystem can support fewer foxes than grasshoppers.
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What brain structure is responsible for raising or lowering the thresholds of conscious awareness?
When working to diagnose a superficial bacterial infection, the procedure most likely used is a(n) ________.
When working to diagnose a superficial bacterial infection, the procedure most likely used is a culture and sensitivity .
A culture is a test to find germs (such as bacteria or a fungus) that can cause an infection. A sensitivity test checks to see what kind of medicine, such as an antibiotic, will work best to treat the illness or infection. when bacteria's are Susceptible it means they can't grow if the drug is present. This means the antibiotic is effective against the bacteria. Resistant means the bacteria can grow even if the drug is present. This is a sign of an ineffective antibiotic. Intermediate means a higher dose of the antibiotic is needed to prevent growth.
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The structures of the limbic system are particularly important in group of answer choices emotion and learning. sensation. motor control. regulation of hunger and thirst.
The structures of the limbic system are particularly important in emotion and learning and is denoted as option A.
What is Limbic system?
This is referred to the part of the brain located in both sides of the thalamus and are involved in behavioral and emotional responses such as feeding, reproduction etc.
This system also controls the emotion and learning aspect needed for our survival thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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Which part of the nephron is responsible for the greatest possible increase in urine concentration?
Bowman's capsule collecting duct loop of Henle is the part of the nephron is responsible for the greatest possible increase in urine concentration.
Maximum concentration occurs at the bottom of the loop. The ascending limb of the nephron loop is impermeable to water, but Na + and Cl – are pumped out into the surrounding fluids by active transport.
The production of concentrated urine involves complex interactions among the medullary nephron segments [5;6] and vasculature. In outer medulla, the thick ascending limbs of the loops of Henle actively reabsorb NaCl.
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An example of sliding a joint is…
A Elbow joint
B Neck joint
C Knee Joint
D Wrist joint
An example of sliding joint is Wrist joint. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
Wrist joint is an example. The wrist joint allows sliding or gliding actions because the wrist bones move smoothly. Sliding improves hand dexterity, making it easier to do tasks like keyboard typing and managing tiny objects.
The radius, ulna, and hand carpals form the wrist joint, a complex articulation. The wrist joint's fluid gliding movement aids the hand's flexibility and nimbleness, making it important for many ordinary activities. Therefore, option (D) an example of sliding joint is Wrist joint.
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Can you make electricity out of lemons?
Answer: Yes and no. You can use a lemon as a battery to generate electricity, but you cannot "make" electricity out of a lemon.
Explanation: Lemons have citric acid, and acids typically are very grateful and open to receiving electrons. So, if you have good conductors like copper and zinc, the acid will react with the zinc and loosen the electrons allowing them to move towards the copper.
TA-DA. You've just created a battery (a rather weak one) out of a lemon.
I feel like this is more of a chemistry question rather than a biology one, but nevertheless, I hope this helped.
In better ecological news for britain, what species extinct in europe for 6,000 years was reintroduced there?.
Bison
These "woolly bulldozers" have been missing from the UK's wild for thousands of years, but a particular programme has welcomed them back.
What are Bison ?Thanks to a ground-breaking plan to reintroduce these mammals to one of south-east England's greatest sections of ancient woodland, bison have recently made their long-awaited comeback to the UK.
Any of the two species of grazing animals that make up the genus Bison of the family Bovidae are known by the names bison, buffalo, or wisent.Buffalo and bison are different animals even though the phrases are frequently used interchangeably. Water buffalo and Cape buffalo are two of the Old World species that are indigenous to Asia and Africa.Learn more about Bison here:
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What kind of antibody does a baby receive from its mother’s colostrums (first milk)?
a. igd
b. iga
c. igm
d. igb
e. igg
iga and igg antibody present in Colostrum, the first breast milk.
Primary immunoglobulin in human milk is IgA .Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an antibody blood protein that's part of your immune system. Your body makes IgA and other type of antibodies to help fight off sickness. Antibodies like IgG antibodies in breast milk help shape infants' gut bacteria and immunity. Researchers have known for some time that maternal breast milk provides critical nutrients for newborns, and antibodies from mothers vaccinated against a specific disease-causing bacterium or virus can be transferred via breast milk to babies. These antibodies provided infants with high grade of protection from infection for approximately 3 to 6 months, giving their own immune systems time to mature.
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Which respiratory system characteristics are shared by fish, frogs, sponges, and earthworms?
The respiratory system characteristics shared by fish, frogs, sponges, and earthworms are gas exchange across a moist respiratory surface.
Which organisms respire through their moist respiratory surface?
The moist respiratory surface of earthworms and amphibians like frogs is used for breathing. They belong to a class of land-dwelling creatures with skin that is permeable to gases. Earthworms, sponges, fish, and frogs may breathe through their permeable skin, which must be kept moist.
Earthworms reside underground in the wet soil, whereas amphibians are creatures that live in or near water. The skin of animals that can breathe through their skin is moist, and the capillaries, which are tiny blood veins, are located near the skin's surface. These little blood arteries supply oxygen to the body's numerous tissues and carbon dioxide to the epidermis.
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Which of the following organs are not composed of cells A.amoeba B.paramecium C.euglene D.none of these
Answer: D is the Answer
Which of the four friends has a blood pressure reading that would be considered hypertension?
The blood pressure readings taken from Drew and Steven both qualify as hypertension.
What does "normal blood pressure" mean?
Most persons are considered to have normal blood pressure when their systolic and diastolic pressures are less than 120 and 80 respectively (i.e.,120/80). When the diastolic pressure is less than 80 and the systolic pressure is between 120 and 129, the blood pressure is considered to be elevated.
Description of hypertension:
Our artery walls are pushed under strain when blood flows through them. The term for this is blood pressure. When our blood moves, we have high blood pressure, commonly known as hypertension. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a frequent illness where the blood's long-term push on our arterial wall is so great that it could eventually result in health issues including heart disease.
Therefore, from the above discussion, it is concluded that options A & B are the correct choices.
The original question is:
Which of the four friends has a blood pressure reading that would be considered pre-hypertension? Drew's reading is 122/88 mm Hg, Steven's reading is 132/89 mm Hg, Jen's reading is 110/70 mm Hg, and Lina's reading is 100/60 mm Hg.
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The ""duck and tilapia system’ and the pig deep litter system both ""recycle inputs"". what does it mean to recycle inputs? how do these systems address sustainability?
Recycle input that means the recycling process is converted to new raw material , which can be used as an input into another manufacturing process.
The more we cycle the less garbage winds up in our landfills and incineration plants.Duck and tilapia system raising ducks over fishponds fits very well with the fish poly-culture system , and the ducks are highly compatible with the cultivated fish.
According to the S.D tripathi and B.K sharma- "raising ducks over fishponds fits very well with the fish poly-culture system as the ducks are highly compatible with cultivated fishes." There are some example of farming system such as Arable farming, mixed farming, subsistence farming, etc.
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The process by which a white blood cell or an amoeba engulfs bacteria is called pinocytosis.
a. true
b. false
The axial skeleton contains ________. 1. skull 2. scapula 3. true and false ribs 4. vertebrae 5. phalanges
The axial skeleton contains the skull, true and false ribs, and vertebrae. Option 1 and 4.
What is axial skeleton?The axial skeleton is a portion of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head, the neck, the chest, and the back.
It is in contrast to the appendicular skeleton which consists of the bones of the upper and lower extreme of the body, including the bones of the shoulder and the pelvis.
The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones altogether, including the bones of the ears and the vertebral column.
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five negative effects of fire?
Answer:
Just all around is bad for the earthExplanation:
Destroying homes.Kill or injures/destroys wildlife habitat.Pollutes the air which harmful to human health. Lung problems, heart failure, and premature death.The increase of carbon dioxide on earth contributes to the greenhouse effect and climate change.Which organ system takes in nutrients like glucose?
The digestive system takes in nutrients like glucose and processes them for absorption into the bloodstream.
The digestive system breaks down glucose into absorbable molecules. Food is chewed and combined with saliva to start glucose digestion. Gastric fluids then digest the meal in the stomach.
Liver and gallbladder enzymes and bile break down carbs, proteins, and lipids in the small intestine. Carbohydrates, including glucose, break down into monosaccharides. These tiny molecules enter the circulation through the small intestinal walls.
Glucose in the circulation may power cells and tissues. Liver and muscle glycogen stores extra glucose for later use. The digestive system absorbs nutrients and provides energy to maintain bodily function.
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