Why does CO2 have a higher boiling point than CH4 when they both possess dispersion forces?

Answer:

Resistance is the opposition to current flow.

Explanation:

The water pump analogy, the more narrow the pipe, the less water will flow. Similarly, the greater the electrical resistance for a given voltage, the less electric current will exist.

The changes to the atmosphere that caused temperatures to increase, making the Eocene such a warm time in Earth’s history was the increase in concentrations of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4).

The Eocene period was a geological epoch that lasted from approximately 56 to 34 million years ago, occurring between the Paleocene and Oligocene epochs.

During this epoch, the Earth experienced a greenhouse climate, with higher global temperatures and high levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

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The formula you provided calculates the percent change in pH based on the difference between the pH at 5 drops and the pH at 0 drops. Here's how you can use the formula:

1. Determine the pH at 5 drops and the pH at 0 drops.

Let's say the pH at 5 drops is 4 and the pH at 0 drops is 7.

2. Plug the values into the formula:

Percent Change of pH = 100% × (pH at 5 drops - pH at 0 drops) / pH at 0 drops

Percent Change of pH = 100% × (4 - 7) / 7

3. Calculate the numerator:

4 - 7 = -3

4. Calculate the denominator:

Percent Change of pH = 100% × (-3) / 7

5. Calculate the percent change:

Percent Change of pH = -300% / 7

Therefore, the percent change in pH from 0 drops to 5 drops is approximately -42.86%.

The alpha decay of polonium-210 can be represented by the following nuclear equation:

^21084Po → ^20682Pb + ^42He

In this equation, ^21084Po represents polonium-210, ^20682Pb represents lead-206, and ^42He represents an alpha particle (helium-4 nucleus). During alpha decay, a polonium-210 nucleus spontaneously emits an alpha particle, resulting in the formation of lead-206.

Polonium-210 (210Po) is a radioactive isotope of the chemical element polonium. Polonium is a highly radioactive element that belongs to the group of chalcogens on the periodic table. It was discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898 and was named after Marie Curie's home country, Poland.

Polonium-210 is an alpha-emitting isotope, meaning it undergoes alpha decay by emitting alpha particles (helium-4 nuclei) from its nucleus. It has a half-life of approximately 138.4 days. Due to its high radioactivity and the emission of alpha particles, polonium-210 is extremely hazardous to health and is considered a significant radioactive poison.

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The asbestos exposure during the years 1982 and 1983 was 2.5 fibers per cubic centimeter and 0.8 fibers per cubic centimeter respectively. So asbestos exposure decreased by 1.7 fibers per cubic centimeter during the year 1983.

Breathlessness Persistent, dry cough Chest pain or tightness Lack of a dry, crackling sound in the lungs when you breathe in Wider and rounder fingers and toes are some of the symptoms of asbestos exposure.

The largest group of people exposed to asbestos is those working in the construction industry. Historically, asbestos was also used by pipe fitters and shipyard workers. In addition, asbestos was used by military personnel, auto mechanics, and many other occupations.

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Approximately 85 mL of the 30.% (w/v) hydrogen peroxide solution is required to prepare 425 mL of a 6.0% (w/v) solution.

Given information,

Initial concentration = 30% = 0.30

final concentration = 6% = 0.06

Final volume = 425 mL

Now,

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Where:

C₁ = Initial concentration of the solution (30.%)

V₁ = Volume of the initial solution (unknown)

C₂ = Final concentration of the solution (6.0%)

V₂ = Volume of the final solution (425 mL)

0.30 × V₁ = 0.06 × 425

V₁ = 0.06 × 425/0.30

V₁= 25.5/(0.30

V₁ ≈ 85 mL

Therefore, approximately 85 mL of the 30.% (w/v) hydrogen peroxide solution is required to prepare 425 mL of a 6.0% (w/v) solution.

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The nonmetal that  an ion of Na1+ most likely ionically bond with in a 1:1 ratio is [tex]Cl^-[/tex].

Ionic bonding is described as  a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with sharply different electronegativities, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds.

Chlorine  is one of the nonmetals that frequently receives an electron to create a stable electron configuration.

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an electron configuration of 2-8-7. By accepting one electron, it can achieve a stable 2-8-8 electron configuration similar to argon.

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101 mmHg is the total pressure in the tank.

Thus, Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures states that while the volume and temperature of a gaseous mixture are held constant, the total pressure of the mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its gaseous components.

Nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and a trace amount of other gases are all present in atmospheric air and pressure.

The increased oxygen content in the chamber can displace the CO bound to hemoglobin faster than air oxygen, hence the hyperbaric chambers are also used to treat carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. The treatment of scuba divers with the bends is another application for hyperbaric chambers.

Thus, 101 mmHg is the total pressure in the tank.

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Answer:

P6S9

Explanation:

Firstly, let's write the numbers in Latin

1 = mono

2 = di

3 = tri

4 = tetra

5 = penta

6 = hexa

7 = hepta

8 = octa

9 = nona

Secondly, write the symboles of the given elements:

Phosphorus is P

Sulfide is S

Finally, connect the numbers and symbols.

Rule of pronunciation: Number of first element + symbol of first element + number of second element + symbol of second element

P6S9

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The temperature of the reaction should be decreased

This change in temperature would make the equilibrium to shift to the right.

The Le Chatelier's principle, commonly referred to as the Le Chatelier's principle of equilibrium, is a chemical principle that describes how an equilibrium system reacts to environmental changes.

According to this theory, when an equilibrium system is exposed to an outside force, it will respond in a way that partially offsets the imposed change and restore equilibrium.

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Every organism in their community needs a safe supply of water in order to stay alive." option B is correct

The best fact for Sandra to include in her letter would be option (B): "Every organism in their community needs a safe supply of water in order to stay alive."

This fact highlights the essential nature of water for all living organisms in the community. By emphasizing that a safe supply of water is vital for sustaining life, Sandra can effectively convey the importance of prioritizing water quality. It also underscores the potential health risks associated with inadequate water quality and the need for a water quality board to ensure the safety and well-being of the community.

The other options, (A), (C), and (D), are not as directly relevant to the purpose of advocating for a water quality board. While it is true that there is an abundant supply of water globally (option A) and water covers a significant portion of the Earth's surface (option C), these facts do not specifically address the need for a water quality board. Option (D) focuses on the recreational aspect of water, which may not be as compelling or relevant to the goal of ensuring safe water for the community's needs. option B is correct

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To encourage more product, CS₂, to form from the given reaction add more H₂S, hence option A is correct.

Equilibrium exists when the reactants and products are in balance. The concentration varies with each stop. A reaction takes place and a product is produced when two reactants are mixed. The concentration of the product rises as the reactant concentration falls.

One method is to change the reactant or product of a chemical process when it reaches equilibrium.

The equilibrium changes as more reactant is introduced, producing more product as a result. To lessen the stress, adding more product causes the equilibrium to switch to reactants.

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Answer:  A) Mg

Explanation:

Answer:

Ag will replace Pb from Pb(NO3)2.

Explanation:

Stoichiometry means relation between proportion in which compounds reacts with each other. Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) is prepared by dissolving Silver in Nitric acid and evaporating the solution.

3Ag + 4HNO3(cold and diluted) -> 3AgNO3 + 2H2O + NO

Ag+2HNO3(hot and concentrated) -> AgNO3 + H2O + NO2

If Iodine-131 has a half-life of 6 days. In the patient's system, after 30 days, 0.625 grams of I-131 will still be present.

To find the mass of I-131 left over in the patient's system after 30 days, use the idea of half-life decay.

I-131 has a half-life of six days, which means that every six days, its concentration will cut in half. There will be five half-lives after 30 days.

Let's find the amount of I-131 left over after each half-life:

1st half-life: 20g ÷ 2 = 10g

2nd half-life: 10g ÷ 2 = 5g

3rd half-life: 5g ÷ 2 = 2.5g

4th half-life: 2.5g ÷ 2 = 1.25g

5th half-life: 1.25g ÷ 2 = 0.625g

Thus, after 30 days, 0.625 grams of I-131 will still be left over in the patient's system, assuming no loss through natural waste removal.

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1. Oxygen is the limiting reactant and hydrogen is the reactant in excess.

2. The mass of the water is 28.1 g.

Number of moles of hydrogen = 34 g/2 g/mol

= 17 moles

Number of moles of oxygen = 25 g/32 g/mol

= 0.78 moles

If 2 moles of hydrogen reacts with 1 mole of oxygen

17 moles of hydrogen will react with 17 * 1/2

= 8.5 moles

It then follows that oxygen is the limiting reactant and hydrogen is the reactant in excess.

Then;

1 mole of oxygen produced 2 moles of water

0.78 moles of oxygen would produce 0.78 * 2/1

= 1.56 moles

Mass of the water = 1.56 * 18 g/mol

= 28.1 g

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The correct order of the five steps of the scientific method is as follows:

State problem

Form hypothesis

Conduct experiment

Interpret data

Draw conclusion.

The scientific method is a systematic approach used by scientists to investigate and understand the natural world. The five steps of the scientific method, in their logical order, are as follows:

State problem: In this step, the scientist identifies and defines a specific question or problem to be investigated. The problem should be clear and well-defined to guide the rest of the scientific process.

Form hypothesis: A hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction for the problem stated in step one. It is an educated guess that can be tested through experiments and observations. The hypothesis should be based on prior knowledge and observations.

Conduct experiment: In this step, the scientist designs and performs experiments to test the hypothesis. The experiment is carefully planned and executed, and data is collected through observations and measurements.

Interpret data: Once the experiment is completed, the scientist analyzes the collected data. This involves organizing, graphing, and statistically analyzing the data to identify patterns and trends.

Draw conclusion: Based on the interpretation of the data, the scientist draws conclusions about whether the hypothesis is supported or not. The conclusions should be objective and supported by evidence obtained from the experiment.

It's important to note that while these steps are presented in a linear order, the scientific process is often iterative, with scientists revisiting and refining hypotheses, conducting further experiments, and building upon existing knowledge.

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To get the reaction started in the given simulation where initially no reaction occurs between zinc (Zn) and copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4), a process called activation energy must be overcome.

Activation energy refers to the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. In the case of the reaction between zinc and copper (II) sulfate, there are a few possible methods to initiate the reaction and overcome the activation energy barrier:

1. Heat: Applying heat to the system increases the kinetic energy of the reactant particles, causing them to move more rapidly. This increased energy enables more collisions between the zinc and copper (II) sulfate reactant particles, causing them to move more rapidly. This increased energy enables more collisions between the zinc and copper (II) sulfate particles, increasing the chances of successful collisions and the likelihood of the reaction occurring.

2. Catalysis: A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction without itself being consumed in the process. Adding a suitable catalyst to the system provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, making it easier for the reactants to transform into products. In the case of the zinc-copper (II) sulfate reaction, certain catalysts like platinum or copper wire can facilitate the reaction.

3. Mechanical agitation: Stirring or shaking the reaction mixture increases the contact between the reactant particles, enhancing the frequency of collisions. This promotes the chances of effective collisions and increases the likelihood of successful reactions.

By implementing any of these methods, the activation energy barrier can be surmounted, allowing the zinc and copper (II) sulfate to initiate the reaction and proceed towards the formation of zinc sulfate ([tex]ZnSO_{4}[/tex]) and copper. Once the reaction begins, it can continue on its own as long as there are sufficient reactants and the reaction conditions remain favorable.

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Circuits C and D are parallel circuits. Therefore, options C and D are correct.

Parallel circuits are a type of electrical circuit configuration where multiple components are connected in parallel to the same power source. In a parallel circuit, each component has its own separate path for current to flow. It allows independent current flow through each component.

In a parallel circuit, the components, such as resistors, lamps, or other electrical devices, are connected side by side, with each component having its own branch or "loop" connecting it to the power source.

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The equilibrium constant (Keq) for the given reaction is approximately 1.33456. The value of Keq indicates the relative concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium. In this case, a Keq greater than 1 suggests that the products (H2 and N2) are favored at equilibrium, indicating that the forward reaction is more favorable.

The equilibrium constant (Keq) is a measure of the extent to which a reaction has reached equilibrium. For the given reaction:

2NH3(g) ↔ 3H2(g) + N2(g)

The equilibrium constant expression can be written as:

Keq = ([H2]^3 * [N2]) / ([NH3]^2)

Using the given equilibrium concentrations:

[NH3] = 0.250 M

[H2] = 0.470 M

[N2] = 0.800 M

We can substitute these values into the equilibrium constant expression:

Keq = ([0.470]^3 * [0.800]) / ([0.250]^2)

Keq = (0.103823 * 0.800) / (0.0625)

Keq = 1.33456

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1)The new volume at a pressure of 1 atm is 0.25 L.

2)The new temperature of the container at a volume of 2 L is approximately 398°C.

3)The new pressure at 2.5 L is approximately 4.8 atm.

4)The new volume at a temperature of 60°C is approximately 55.8

1)To solve these gas law problems, we can use the ideal gas law equation, which states:

PV = nRT,

where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin.

Balloon volume at a pressure of 0.5 atm:[tex]V_1[/tex] = 0.5 L, [tex]P_1[/tex]= 0.5 atm.

New volume at a pressure of 1 atm:[tex]P_2[/tex] = 1 atm.

We can use the relationship[tex]P_1V_1 = P_2V_2[/tex] to find the new volume ([tex]V_2[/tex]).

(0.5 atm)(0.5 L) = (1 atm)([tex]V_2[/tex])

[tex]V_2[/tex] = 0.25 L.

Therefore, the new volume at a pressure of 1 atm is 0.25 L.

2)Container volume: [tex]V_1[/tex] = 2 L, [tex]T_1[/tex]= 125°C.

New temperature at the same volume: [tex]V_2[/tex] = 2 L.

We can use the relationship[tex]V_1[/tex]/[tex]T_1[/tex] = [tex]V_2[/tex]/[tex]T_2[/tex] to find the new temperature ([tex]T_2[/tex]).

(2 L)/(125 + 273) K = (2 L)/([tex]T_2[/tex] + 273) K

Solving for[tex]T_2[/tex], we get [tex]T_2[/tex] ≈ 398°C.

Therefore, the new temperature of the container at a volume of 2 L is approximately 398°C.

3)Initial volume: [tex]V_1[/tex]= 4.0 L, [tex]P_1[/tex] = 3.0 atm.

Final volume: [tex]V_2[/tex] = 2.5 L.

Since the temperature (T) is constant, we can use the relationship [tex]P_1[/tex][tex]V_1[/tex] = [tex]P_2V_2[/tex] to find the new pressure ([tex]P_2[/tex]).

(3.0 atm)(4.0 L) = ([tex]P_2[/tex])(2.5 L)

[tex]P_2[/tex] ≈ 4.8 atm.

Therefore, the new pressure at 2.5 L is approximately 4.8 atm.

4)Initial volume: [tex]V_1[/tex]= 50 mL, [tex]T_1[/tex] = 25°C.

New temperature: [tex]T_2[/tex] = 60°C.

We need to convert the temperatures to Kelvin.

[tex]T_1[/tex]= 25 + 273 = 298 K, [tex]T_2[/tex] = 60 + 273 = 333 K.

We can use the relationship [tex]V_1/T_1 = V_2/T_2[/tex] to find the new volume ([tex]V_2[/tex]).

(50 mL)/(298 K) = ([tex]V_2[/tex])/(333 K)

[tex]V_2[/tex] ≈ 55.8 mL.

Therefore, the new volume at a temperature of 60°C is approximately 55.8

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Based on valence electron trends, the correct answer is C. Group 3A or 13.

Based on trends in valence electrons, the group of pairs with a group 5 non-metal, such as nitrogen (N), in a 1:1 ratio is Group 3A or 13. Group 5 non-metals have 5 valence electrons, and they tend to form compounds by either gaining 3 electrons to achieve a stable octet or by sharing 3 electrons in covalent bonds.

Group 1A or 1 elements, such as hydrogen (H) and lithium (Li), have only 1 valence electron. They would need to gain 4 additional electrons to achieve a stable octet, which is energetically unfavorable.

Group 2A or 2 elements, such as beryllium (Be) and magnesium (Mg), have 2 valence electrons. They would need to gain 3 additional electrons to achieve a stable octet, which is also energetically unfavorable.

Group 6A or 16 elements, such as oxygen (O) and sulfur (S), have 6 valence electrons. They would need to gain only 1 additional electron to achieve a stable octet, making them more likely to form a 2:1 ratio with a group 5 non-metal.

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Reagents that are entirely consumed by a chemical reaction are known as limiting reagents.

Thus, They are additionally known as limiting reactants or limiting agents. A predetermined quantity of reactants are necessary for the reaction to be completed, according to the stoichiometry of chemical reactions.

In the aforementioned reaction, 2 moles of ammonia are created when 3 moles of hydrogen gas react with 1 mole of nitrogen gas.

In most cases, this reactant dictates when the reaction will end. The reaction stoichiometry can be used to determine the precise quantity of reactant that will be required to react with another element. The limiting agent is determined by the mole ratio rather than the mass of the reactants.

Thus, Reagents that are entirely consumed by a chemical reaction are known as limiting reagents.

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The solid starts melting at 0°C. The heating curve for water shows the temperature changes as heat is added to the substance.

The horizontal flat line on the graph represents the phase change from solid to liquid. In the case of water, this occurs at 0°C. This is known as the melting point, or the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at atmospheric pressure.

It is an important characteristic of a substance and can be used to identify it. It is also important in many industrial processes, such as melting metals for casting. Therefore, understanding the melting point of a substance is crucial in various fields of science and technology.

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Answer:

1.18

Explanation:

To calculate pCa in the given solution, we need to consider the reaction between Ca2+ and EDTA and apply the conditional formation constant.

The reaction between Ca2+ and EDTA can be represented as follows:

Ca2+ + EDTA ↔ CaY2

Given:

Formation constant (Kf) for CaY2 = 5.0 x 10^10

Conditional constant (Kc) = 1.8 x 10^10

Let's assume that x moles of Ca2+ reacts with EDTA.

At equilibrium, the concentration of Ca2+ will be decreased by x moles, and the concentration of CaY2 will be increased by x moles.

The concentration of Ca2+ at equilibrium will be (0.100 - x) M in a total volume of 200 mL (100 mL Ca2+ solution + 100 mL EDTA solution).

The concentration of CaY2 at equilibrium will be x M.

According to the formation constant equation:

Kf = [CaY2] / ([Ca2+] * [EDTA])

Using the given values, we can write the equation as:

5.0 x 10^10 = x / ((0.100 - x) * 0.100)

Now, we can solve this equation to find the value of x:

5.0 x 10^10 = x / (0.010 - 0.100x)

Cross-multiplying:

5.0 x 10^10 * (0.010 - 0.100x) = x

Expanding:

0.050 x 10^10 - 0.500 x 10^10 x = x

Rearranging and combining like terms:

1.500 x 10^10 x = 0.050 x 10^10

Simplifying:

x = (0.050 x 10^10) / (1.500 x 10^10)

x ≈ 0.03333

Now, we can calculate the concentration of Ca2+ at equilibrium:

[Ca2+] = 0.100 - x

[Ca2+] = 0.100 - 0.03333

[Ca2+] = 0.06667 M

Finally, we can calculate pCa using the concentration of Ca2+ at equilibrium:

pCa = -log10([Ca2+])

pCa = -log10(0.06667)

pCa ≈ 1.18

Therefore, the pCa in 100 mL of a solution of 0.100 M Ca2+ at pH 10, after the addition of 100 mL of 0.100 M EDTA, is approximately 1.18.

The heat absorbed by 47.5 g of silver when the temperature rises by 10.0°C is 114 joules.

Given information,

Mass of silver (m) = 47.5 g

Specific heat of silver (c) = 0.240 J/g°C

Change in temperature (ΔT) = 10.0°C

Heat absorbed,

Q = m × c × ΔT

Where:

Q is the heat absorbed (in joules),

m is the mass of the substance (in grams),

c is the specific heat of the substance (in J/g°C),

ΔT is the change in temperature (in °C).

Now,

Q = 47.5 g × 0.240 J/g°C × 10.0°C

Q = 114 J

Therefore, the heat absorbed by 47.5 g of silver when the temperature rises by 10.0°C is 114 joules.

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K and Br

Ionic bonds form through the transfer of electrons.

Ionic Bonds

Ionic bonds form when 2 atoms or molecules transfer electrons between each other. This transfer of electrons changes the atoms into ions. Ions are charged particles, and where ionic bonds get their name from. In an ionic bond, one atom will lose electrons and become positively charged; this particle is known as a cation. The atom that gains electrons and becomes negatively charged is known as an anion.

Identifying Ionic Bonds

One of the easiest ways to identify an ionic bond is by identifying the types of atoms that are bonding. In most cases, when a metal and nonmetal bond, an ionic bond will form. This is due to the large difference in electronegativity between metals and nonmetals. This leads to the metal being a cation and the nonmetal being an anion. Since K (potassium) is a metal and Br (bromine) is a nonmental, they will form an ionic bond.

To find metals and nonmetals we can look at the periodic table. Metals are on the left side of the table and make up the majority of the elements. Nonmetals are on the right side of the table.

In this first-order the decomposition reaction, the H2O2 concentration will drop from 6.80 M to 2 M in roughly 191.1 seconds.

The first-order rate equation can be used to calculate how long it will take for the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration to reach 2 M:

ln([H2O2]t/[H2O2]0) = -kt

Where:

The amount of H2O2 present at time t is known as [H2O2]t.H2O2 is initially present at a concentration of zero, and k is the rate constant.

To find t, we can rewrite the equation as follows:

t = -[ln([H2O2]t/[H2O2]0)] / k

Plugging in the given values:

[H2O2]t = 2 M

[H2O2]0 = 6.80 M

[tex]k = 6.40 \times 10^{(-3)} s^{(-1)[/tex]

t = -[ln(2/6.80)] / (6.40 x 10^(-3))

Now, we can calculate the time:

t ≈ -[ln(0.2941)] / (6.40 x 10^(-3))

t ≈ -(−1.2231) / (6.40 x 10^(-3))

t ≈ 191.1 seconds

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