one celled eukaryotes emerges from prokaryotes. The organisms after sometime evolved from single-celled eukaryotes are known as multicellular fungi, plants, animals.
Eukaryotes are described as a living thing constitute one or more cells, each one of them has an identical nucleus and the genetic source DNA in shape of chromosomes.
All living organism separated from eubacteria and archaea are described as eukaryotes.
It can also be described as any of the one celled or multicellular organism that have a separate nucleus, enclosed in cell membrane.
The reason for separate organism to become united into a single celled organism is not as considered good compare to multi-celled organism. Having a multi-celled organism, specific cells in his body can perform definite tasks which gives him a rapid execution time of these tasks against to a single-celled organism.
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A child is born with cystic fibrosis, an inherited recessive disorder. No one in the family (on either side) for several generations is known to carry the gene or have the disorder. How can this be explained?
a. The genetic disorder formed from the mother's poor nutrition and prenatal care.
b. There was a mutation in the DNA, either in one of the gametes or the fertilized egg.
c. The child contracted the illness from another child when he was born.
d. The child developed the disorder when he was born; it is a result of a birth defect.
A child born with cystic fibrosis an an inherited recessive disorder when no one in the family (on either side) for several generations is known to carry the gene or have the disorder must have got it through birth defect.
The correct option is D.
What is birth defect ?The certain kind of defects a child is born with because of sudden mutations happened in the genome.
For the disease to occur both the X and Y chromosomes from both the parents need to have 1 copy and this disease occurs through genomic mutations.
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Which type of mutation causes cystic fibrosis?
Answer: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene.
Explanation:
Hello!
The type of mutation which causes cystic fibrosis is a mutation in the CFTR gene. (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator)
Hope this helps!
over 90% of urinary tract infections (utis) are caused by escherichia coli strains. utis are 14 times more common in women than in men. why do you think this is
Urinary tract infections are 14 times more common in women than men because a women's urethra is shorter than a man's. So bacteria can easily enter the urinary bladder.
What are urinary tract infections?
It is an infection that occurs in any part of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These are mostly caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and bladder which causes inflammation and infection.
Most of the urinary tract infections occur in the lower urinary tract- the bladder and the urethra.
Symptoms of urinary tract infections include:
A strong urge to urinate that doesn't go awayA burning feeling when urinatingUrinating often and small amountsUrine looks cloudyUrine appears red, bright pink that gives signs of blood in urineStrong-smelling urinePelvic pain in womenDrinking plenty of liquids mostly water leads to urinating more often and allowing bacteria to be flushed from the urinary tract before an infection can begin.
Hence due to the shorter urethra in women than men, Women are at greater risk of infection than men.
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process of assembeling a protein on the basis of the information in an rna molecule
Answer:
translation.
Explanation:
translation assembles amino acids to form the polypeptide chain in ribosomes.
What are some things you do to help you learn and remember new words and what they mean?
"Distributed practice" involves expanding out our studying over days and weeks. Working briefly on each class daily is most effective.
What is the best way to remember new words?1. Read.
Reading books and periodicals like newspapers and magazines will help you learn more words.
2. Always have a dictionary on you.
You can use versions on paper, in software, or on the internet. Electronic dictionaries are far more efficient .
3. Establish a dictionary for use.
It is important to record any new vocabulary. The act of writing them down will make it easier for you to recognize them when you are reading.
4. Acquire one new word each day.
use either a calendar, a website, or your own personal list. This assists a great number of people in learning new terms. You are not required to pick up a new concept every day.
5. Games.
Your vocabulary can be improved by playing word games that are difficult for you to master and that also introduce you to new words.
6. Talk.
Learning new words through conversation can be quite beneficial.
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Pedigree Clues
Anthony is the uncle of Judith.
Peter's mother (not on the pedigree chart) is color blind.
Angela is a carrier.
Marcello and his brother-in-law, Eddie, were classmates at Ellington.
Steven's older brother is Frank.
Harry, a former teacher at Wilson, is the father-in-law of Michael.
Victoria's sister-in-law's husband has normal vision.
Maria's granddaughter is colorblind.
Peter's sister-in-law's husband, Carl, is a state senator.
Melissa is the cousin of Agnes, who is a palm reader.
Judith is the cousin of Thomas.
Eddie's wife has a father named Michael.
Judith is color blind.
Victoria and her sister-in-law, Edith, were high school best friends.
Marcello's uncle is color blind.
Roberto's uncle, Peter, played basketball for Duke.
Edith's daughter is named Melissa. Melissa is an accomplished pianist.
Peter's sister-in-law's husband has normal vision.
Angela has an aunt named Judith who believes in ghosts.
Edith's grandfather has normal vision.
Victoria's father has normal vision.
Marcello's brother Jonathan is second oldest.
Michael's mother is colorblind.
Frank has normal vision.
Angela is very fond of her grandmother Victoria.
Roberto has only one cousin.
Marcello's brother Jonathan has normal vision.
Thomas is Josephine's favorite grandson.
Maria's daughter is a carrier.
Edith's grandfather has a son named Steven.
Edith's youngest brother is colorblind.
Jonathan and Anthony are brothers.
Angela is the great-great granddaughter of Maria.
Jonathan's brother Marcello has two children.
In terms of genetics, a pedigree is a diagram that shows how a trait or medical condition is passed down through a family's generations.
Thus, When information is available, the pedigree specifically demonstrates the ties between family members and identifies which relatives possess the desired trait(s).
A pedigree is a chart that shows the relationships between the various family members. It is a graph, so it is easy to see who is connected to whom and their relationships, such as parent, brother, or cousin.
A pedigree can also assist in determining the potential consequences of a trait or condition as well as how it may be carried down through the generations.
Thus, In terms of genetics, a pedigree is a diagram that shows how a trait or medical condition is passed down through a family's generations.
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3. Why does oxygen diffuse into the blood from an alveolus in the lungs?
A The oxygen concentration in the alveolus is greater than the carbon dioxide concentration in
the blood.
B The oxygen concentration in the alveolus is greater than in the blood.
C The oxygen concentration in the blood is greater than in the alveolus.
D The oxygen concentration in the blood is greater than the carbon dioxide concentration in the alveolus.
B The oxygen concentration in the alveolus is greater than in the blood.
Mutations that inhibit the function of photosystem i but not photosystem ii would result in a plant cell that could still______.
Light with longer wavelengths > 680 nm tends to be absorbed by photosystem I, while light with shorter wavelengths 680 nm likely to be absorbed by photosystem II.
What roles do plants' photosystems I and II play in the environment?
The pigments needed to gather photons and use light energy to catalyze the basic photosynthetic endergonic reactions that result in high energy molecules are found in the two multi-protein complexes known as photosystem I and photosystem II.
What happens if photosystem 1 is shut down?
Membrane disruptors, sometimes known as contact herbicides, are substances that stop Photosystem I from working. The rapid breakdown of cell membranes causes cell contents to spill into the intercellular gaps.
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which statements are true of capillaries? check all that apply. question 17 options: capillaries are found in abundance in areas of high metabolic activity. capillaries do not branch. capillaries are made of endothelium and loose connective tissue. capillaries can form networks.
Blood is delivered to human tissues by blood arteries, which act as conduits or channels. Two tube-like closed systems comprised of the vessels start and stop at the heart.
What is high metabolic activity ?pertaining to metabolism (the total of all chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism to produce energy and basic materials needed for important life processes).
These regions "lit up" after the scan is finished. Cancer cells frequently, but not always, fit this description of being hypermetabolic. Additionally, not all hypermetabolic conditions are cancer. The diagnosis method involves many steps, including a PET scan.Physical activity level - powerful muscles require a lot of energy to burn. Exercise regularly to build muscle and train the body to burn calories more quickly even when at rest. Drugs, such as nicotine or caffeine, can raise the BMR.What is Endothelium ?The endothelium, which is made up of a monolayer of endothelial cells, is in direct touch with the blood, lymph, and moving cells because it is the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).
Vascular endothelial cells, which make up the endothelium in blood vessels, carry out critical functions for blood flow.The endothelium controls blood flow while acting as a permeable barrier for the blood vessel. Endothelial cells are essential for applications in basic research including blood brain barriers, diabetes, angiogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, and other cardiovascular illnesses.Blood is transported from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium by one system, the pulmonary arteries. The systemic vessels are the other system that transports blood from the left ventricle to the tissues throughout the entire body before returning it to the right atrium. Blood vessels are categorized as arteries, capillaries, or veins based onTo know more about Capillaries please click here ; https://brainly.com/question/64497
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a sediment layer has a faunal assemblage consisting of mollusks with an age range from paleocene through miocene, corals with an age range from oligocene through pleistocene, and shark teeth with an age range from the eocene through the oligocene. during what geologic epoch was this layer deposited?
During Miocene geologic epoch was this layer deposited as major phases of the geology of the mountains occurred during the Miocene.
The Miocene (/ˈmaɪ.əsiːn, -oʊ-/ MY-ə-seen, -oh-) is the primary topographical age of the Neogene and expands from approximately 23.03 to 5.333 million a long time prior (Ma).
The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the title comes from Greek words that imply age since it has 18% less advanced marine spineless creatures than the Pliocene has.
The Miocene is gone before the Oligocene and is taken after by the Pliocene. As Soil went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate gradually cooled towards an arrangement of ice ages.
The Miocene boundaries are not checked by a single unmistakable worldwide occasion but comprise or maybe territorially characterized boundaries between the hotter Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch.
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when a vector that employs the lac z gene as a second marker is used in a cloning experiment, bacteria that harbor the recombinant dna will give rise to a. red colonies. b. blue colonies. c. all of the choices are correct. d. white colonies. 0.2 points
Bacteria that harbor the recombinant DNA will give rise to white colonies. Thus, option D is correct.
Bacteria develop on strong media as colonies. A colony is characterized as an obvious mass of microorganisms all beginning from a single mother cell, in this manner a colony constitutes a clone of microbes all hereditarily alike.
In the recognizable proof of microbes and organisms, much weight is put on how the life form develops in or on media. This workout will assist you to distinguish the social characteristics of a bacterium on an agar plate - called colony morphology.
Plasmids that are commonly utilized in quality cloning are around 3000 nucleotide sets in length, have an ampicillin resistance quality, and have a quality that encodes the protein beta-galactosidase.
The quality encoding this chemical is called the LacZ or blue color quality. The beta-galactosidase chemical will utilize galactose sugar as a substrate.
In case an uncommon form of this sugar called X-gal is put within the media, a flawless thing happens interior the microbes that have the blue color quality.
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what would you expect the scaling coefficient (b) to be when comparing the growth of an organisms surface area (y) when compared to its mass (x) if it is scaling isometrically? group of answer choices
Dimensions of the new shape x the scaling coefficient factor the original shape's dimensions. Ontogenetic allometry is the measurement of an organism's surface area (y) as a function of its mass (x).
How do cell volume and surface area relate to one another? Why are they so diminutive?A cell's surface area grows in proportion to its radius square, but its volume grows in proportion to its radius cube as the radius of the cell increases (much more rapidly). Consequently, a cell's surface area to volume ratio declines as it grows larger.
What exactly are allometric and isometric growth?The growth rates of certain body sections vary from those of the entire body during allometric growth. Body parts develop at the same rate as the rest of the body in isometric growth, in contrast. In summary, whereas the growth rate is identical for isometric growth, it is not for allometric growth.
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researchers have developed a drug that disrupts gene expression in a parasitic species of fungi. the drug functions by preventing the complementary binding of trna with an mrna molecule. this drug most likely targets the
The medication will work by inhibiting tRNA from attaching to Ribosomes.
The ribosome is an mRNA molecule located in the cytoplasm of a cell that has a codon similar to tRNA. RNA and protein make up ribosomes.
The ribosome is also involved in protein synthesis. Therefore, the complementary binding of tRNA to Ribosome will not occur, thereby preventing the disruption of gene expression in a parasitic species of fungi.
Consequently, we can draw the conclusion that the medication will work by blocking the binding of tRNA to Ribosome.
The RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) is a ribonucleoprotein complex made up of proteins that collaborate with regulatory short non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs, to control gene expression through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Because these short non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are complementary to or nearly complementary to messenger RNAs, they can bind to specific mRNA regions and activate RNA interference (RNAi) through mRNA degradation, translational repression, etc. The Argonaut (Ago) protein, which cleaves target mRNAs, is the central element of the RISC complex.
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ceratosaurs, such as carnotaurus, evolved a much shorter and wider skull than most theropod dinosaurs. what advantage would this have given them during hunting?
Large theropod dinosaurs belonging to the genus Carnotaurus lived in South America between approximately 72 and 69.9 (nice) million years ago. Carnotaurus sastrei is the sole species present.
What makes Carnotaurus so well-liked?Carnotaurus has gained a lot of notoriety due to its prominent part in the Disney animated picture Dinosaur, yet the creature portrayed in the movie is bigger than the genuine Carnotaurus.
The fastest dinosaur was it Carnotaurus?Palaeontologists know that Carnotaurus possessed scales on its back and that, according to research on its tail muscles, it was probably one of the fastest theropods. Despite only being known from one specimen, Carnotaurus is remarkably well preserved.
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in which region of the world mudflows are more common
Answer:
Usually in mountainous areas.
what carbon source(s) can yeast cells metabolize under anaerobic conditions to make atp? glucose lactic acid pyruvate either ethanol or lactic acid ethanol
Under anaerobic circumstances, yeast cells may metabolize glucose to produce atp.
Even under aerobic settings, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast prefers glucose as a carbon source, and ferment is the main mechanism for energy generation. Anaerobic processes in yeast produce alcohol, whereas they produce lactic acid in your muscles. An anaerobic process called fermentation allows glucose to release energy even in the absence of oxygen. In addition to yeast cells, bacteria and animal muscle cells also undergo some sort of fermentation. When exposed to osmotic stress and ethanol as a carbon source, yeast cells accumulate dihydrate rather than glycerol. Two distinct wild type cultures, W303-1A and BY4741, were cultivated in shake-flasks throughout time to observe internal glycerol and trehalose buildup.
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if two genes are located on different chromosomes, what would you expect their recombination frequency to be? %
The expected recombination frequency for two genes located ok different chromosomes would be 50%.
We can inquire "What is the recombination frequency between them" for any two genes (or loci) alpha and beta. Answer would be 50% if the genes are located on distinct chromosomes (independent assortment). Recombination frequency will fall between 0 and 50% if the two genes are located on the same chromosome.
The frequency with which two genes on a chromosome recombine during meiosis is known as the recombination frequency. Recombination occurs relatively seldom when genes on a chromosome are near to one another. The frequency of recombination is 50% when the genes are distant from one another or are located on different chromosomes.
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What were the top s commodities for all of California in 2021?
Top s commodities for all of California is broiler, corn, soybeans and dairy product
The largest source of cash recipient from the sale of US produced farm commodities were are cattle or calves, corn, wheat soybean dairy product and department of food and agriculture gather data on the economic value of the each of the main crops in California and on the top of the list the California comes which have the agriculture commodities are fruits, trees, nuts, and berries and on the second the lowa comes which have an agriculture commodities are grain , oilseeds and dry beans and dry peas
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each round of pcr doubles the number of dna molecules present in the reaction. how many molecules can be generated from two of your dna template molecules after 4 cycles?
When using the PCR method, a single DNA molecule can be amplified up to 2n times, where n is the number of cycles. As a result, a given DNA template can be amplified to 16 duplicate strands using PCR for 4 cycles.
How many DNA copies are created from the original DNA after four cycles?Each cycle results in the doubling of the number of double-stranded DNA fragments, resulting in 2n (2 to the n:th power) copies of DNA after n cycles. As an illustration, after four cycles, you have 16 copies, after twenty cycles, you have roughly one million copies, etc.
At the conclusion of cycle 4, how many fragments are there?Keep an eye on what transpires following cycle four. Currently, we have two duplicates of the original, six fragments of unknown length, and eight of the target pieces! Despite not being visible until the third cycle, the target is growing more quickly than the other two.
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you look at a cell and see 14 tetrads on the metaphase plate. from this information you would know that
If at metaphase plate in a cell there are 14 tetrads the we can confirm that this is a non human cell in metaphase 1
The tetrads moves to metaphase plate during meiosis 1 and their kinetochore point in opposite direction towards opposite poles. They align themselves in a line at the equator plate. This occurrence is the second process by which the gametes or spores acquire variety. Tetrads are formed by homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. These pairs align to form the metaphase plate during metaphase I at the intersection of the cell's two poles.
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a biologist intends to use pcr to perform a task. the biologist probably is trying to choose one: a. cut dna into many small fragments. b. make many copies of a dna fragment. c. separate dna fragments from one another. d. isolate dna from a living cell.
A biologist intends to use PCR to perform a task. the biologist probably is use Make many copies of a DNA fragment. The correct option is (B).
A given segment of DNA can be rapidly multiplied (amplified) to millions or billions of copies using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allowing for more in-depth analysis. In PCR, the part of the genome to be amplified is selected using short synthetic fragments of DNA called primers. Several rounds of DNA synthesis are then used to amplify this segment.
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PLS ANSWER AS FAST AS U CAN !!
Answer:
16 protons and 16 neutrons
old world anthropoid primates and new world primates have different dental formula. what are they
This 2.1.2.3 dental formula is shared by all Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. This not only distinguishes us from New World monkeys and prosimians, but it also reflects the Old World anthropoid species' evolutionary closeness. In comparison, the dental formula for general placental mammals is 3.1.
The anthropoids have been the most successful primates in terms of population growth. They are generally larger, smarter, and have more developed eyes than prosimians. (Monkeys, apes, and humans from the Old World). Anthropoids are a group of primates that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. They likely ate insects and looked like small monkeys, according to Beard. Although the fossils are very similar, Afrasia is more closely linked to the world's history.
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how to find the mean mass?
2.5 ÷ 1.5x10^4 = .000167 g = answer
according to the trichromatic theory of color vision, when you view a yellow light, which cones in your retina will begin to fire at high rates? group of answer choices green red and green red and blue blue and green
According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, when we view a yellow light L cones (blue and green) in our retina will begin to fire at high rates.
As an alternative, the L and M cones locate basically all wavelengths of seen mild, and excessive L and M cone responses each making contributions to growing a yellow color sign all through the center and long wavelength components of the spectrum.
The trichromatic concept of shade vision, first discussed by means of younger and Helnotz, postulates that there are 3 one of a kind retinal cones in the attention which might be touchy to blue, inexperienced, and purple, respectively. These findings suggest that L cones signal reddish orange, M cones signal greenish blue, and S cones sign bluish pink.
The trichromatic concept of color imaginative and prescient turned into created with the aid of younger and Helmnotz and is a theory of color vision that assumes that there are handiest 3 forms of cones, each most effectively activated with the aid of wavelength stages of mild corresponding roughly to blue, inexperienced, and pink.
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which of the following is correct about primary and secondary metabolism? group of answer choices primary and secondary metabolism are both essential for all plants to survive over the short-term (days) seondary metabolism is essential for short-term survival (days) but primary metabolism is different for different species and is only important for longer term survival including reproduction primary metabolism is common to all plants but secondary metabolism may be different in different plants primary metabolism involves pathways which were discovered first, secondary metabolism involves pathways which were discovered later
It is true that "Primary metabolism is common to all plants but secondary metabolism may be different in different plants."
The immediate outcomes of metabolic activities are referred to as metabolites. Enzymes in our bodies act as catalysts for these to carry out particular tasks. These metabolites are divided into two broad categories, primary and secondary, due to the body's numerous processes.
Primary Metabolites: Primary metabolites are produced as a result of the fundamental metabolic functions induced by body enzymes. Your body's functions, like cell growth, are aided by these in turn. Additionally, these metabolites aid in cellular activity maintenance.
Secondary Metabolites: Primary metabolites produce byproducts known as secondary metabolites. Naturally, these are not directly involved in bodily functions like cell growth and maintenance. Consequently, they also do not constitute central metabolites.
Basic life processes involve primary plant metabolites; Consequently, they are roughly comparable in all living cells. Secondary plant metabolites, on the other hand, are products of subsidiary pathways like the shikimic acid pathway.
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Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both involved in energy conversion in cells. Select the other similarities they share. Choose ALL that apply.
Responses
A contain DNAcontain DNA
B surrounded by a double membranesurrounded by a double membrane
C contain thylakoidscontain thylakoids
D found in ALL cellsfound in ALL cells
E contain ribosomes
The similarities between chloroplasts and mitochondria are: (A) contain DNA; (B) surrounded by a double membrane; (E) contain ribosomes.
Chloroplasts are the cell organelles only present in plant cells. They contain specialized pigment called chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are the double membranous cell organelle with an inner thylakoid that are stacked together like a coin, This structure is called grana.
Mitochondria is also a double membranous cell organelle. The inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded into finger like projection called cristae. These cristae function to increase the surface area of the mitochondria so that more and more production of energy can take place.
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neurogenic shock, or spinal shock, is a phenomenon caused by the inability of the vasomotor center in the brain stem to control blood vessel tone through the sympathetic outflow to the blood vessels. in neurogenic shock, what happens to the heart rate and the skin?
The failure of the vasomotor center in the brain stem to control blood vessel tone by sympathetic outflow to blood vessels results in neurogenic shock, also known as spinal shock. The heart rate is slower during neurogenic shock.
Due to damage to your neural system from a spinal cord injury, you may experience neurogenic shock, which makes it difficult to maintain a stable heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature. This is a dangerous condition that, like other types of shock, can be fatal since your blood flow is inadequate.
The altered physiological state known as spinal shock occurs right away after a spinal cord injury (SCI). It manifests as flaccid paralysis, anesthesia, the absence of bowel and bladder control, and lack of reflex activity.
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Charged ions are traveling through a cell membrane with the concentration gradient. Which process is represented here?.
The process of charged ions traveling through a cell membrane with the concentration gradient represents simple diffusion.
When the surface area to volume ratio is higher, the distance travelled is shorter, and the concentration gradient is more pronounced, the process is more effective. Simple diffusion is the process of a solute moving between two compartments divided by a membrane permeable to it. As a result, we can infer that charged ions are moving through a cell membrane along a gradient of concentration. This is an illustration of basic diffusion.
Diffusion causes a net movement along a concentration gradient by including the haphazard movement of individual molecules or ions. It is known as facilitated diffusion when substances are transported across the bilayer by a protein present in the membrane, which can either be a transporter or a channel protein in the case of ions.
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the mauna loa volcano of hawaii frequently releases lava that kills many surrounding plants. after the lava hardens, plant life returns to the mountainside. this is known as
The provided example is of primary succession. When a fresh area of land is developed or exposed for the first time, this is referred to as primary succession.
primary succession is the first stage of ecological succession following a severe disturbance, which often occurs in an environment devoid of plants and other species. These environments are typically devoid of soil, as disturbances such as lava flow or retreating glaciers deplete the environment of nutrients.
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