carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the earth's crust and the 4th most element in the universe. carbon has 6 protons and 6 electrons that's why carbon's atomic number is 6
The total number of protons in an element's nucleus is referred to as the element's atomic number. In the case of carbon, the atom's nucleus has six protons. Consequently, carbon has an atomic number of six.
Why is carbon unable to acquire 4 electrons?Since a carbon atom has a total of six protons and is too tiny to accommodate ten electrons, it cannot gain four electrons. It is unable to transfer electrons since doing so requires a significant amount of ionization energy.
Why doesn't carbon have valency?The electron orbitals of carbon prevent the formation of 4 bonds between carbon atoms. Since it already has four valence electrons, it needs four additional electrons to complete its outer energy level.
What does the atomic number 6 stand for?All neutral carbon atoms possess 6 protons and 6 electrons since the element carbon (C) has an atomic number of 6.
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Give one property of sodium chloride that is not a property of sodium chloride.
Explanation:
It is not possible to give one property of sodium chloride that is not a property of sodium chloride, as properties are specific characteristics that define a substance, and different properties are unique to each substance. Sodium chloride, also known as table salt, is an ionic compound composed of positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-). It is a white crystalline solid with a salty taste, and it is highly soluble in water. Some of the properties of sodium chloride include: melting point 801 °C, boiling point 1413 °C, density 2.165 g/cm3, and it is a good conductor of electricity when dissolved in water.
Answer:
It is not possible
Explanation:
what is the purpose of adjusting the vacuum? up in smoke lab
The purpose of adjusting the vacuum in an Up in Smoke Lab is to control the pressure within a closed system, typically a distillation setup, in order to perform efficient separations of the components in a mixture based on their boiling points.
A vacuum pump is used to reduce the pressure in the system, allowing the components with lower boiling points to boil at lower temperatures, thereby facilitating their separation from those with higher boiling points. By controlling the vacuum, the lab can precisely adjust the conditions under which the separation takes place, leading to more accurate and reproducible results.
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if one (1) gram of sugar provides 4 calories of energy, what is the calorie content from sugar in a serving of cereal that has 9.20 grams of sugar?
If one 1 gram of the sugar provides 4 calories of the energy, the calorie content from the sugar in a serving of the cereal that has the 9.20 grams of sugar is 36.8 calories.
The 1 gram of sugar provide = 4 calories
The calories that we are taken from our food gives us the energy.
The amount cereal contains the sugar = 9.20 grams
The calorie content is as follows :
The calorie content in the cereal is = 4 × 9.20 calories
The calorie content in the cereal is = 36.8 calories.
Thus, the amount of the calories in the serving of the cereal of 9.20 grams is the 36.8 calories.
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what volume of aluminum has the same number of atoms as 11 cm3 of mercury?
The volume of aluminum that has the same number of atoms as 11 cm³ of mercury is 7.41 cm³.
The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm³, and the density of mercury is 13.53 g/cm³.
This means that 11 cm3 of mercury has a mass of
11 × 13.53 g = 150 g.
The atomic mass of aluminum is 26.98 g/mol, and the atomic mass of mercury is 200.59 g/mol.
This means that 150 g of mercury contains
150 / 200.59 = 0.75 moles of mercury.
There are 6.022 × 10²³ atoms in 1 mole of any substance.
This means that 0.75 moles of mercury contains 0.75 ×6.022 ×10²³ = 4.515 × 10²³atoms of mercury.
The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm³,
so 4.515 × 10²³ atoms of aluminum have a volume of 4.515 × 10²³ / 2.70 g/cm³ = 7.41 cm³.
Therefore, the volume of aluminum that has the same number of atoms as 11 cm³ of mercury is 7.41 cm³.
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which piece of evidence best supports charles's law?
1. A graph relating pressure and volume
2. A Graph relating pressure and quantity
3. A Graph relating temperature and volume
4. A Graph relating temperature and pressure
Charles's law is best supported by a graph that shows how temperature and pressure are related.
Describe Charles law.Charles' Law states that, while volume is held constant, the size of a fixed quantity of gas changes in directly proportionate to the gas's extreme temperature. The absolute temperature is calculated using the Temperature scale, that is employed to check the temperature. Thus according Charles' law, a gas's amount is assumed to be directly correlated with its absolute heating.
Why is Charles Law important?Charles' law establishes a direct relationship between temperature and quantity. We can forecast how changes in parameters will impact a system's volume and temperatures thanks to Charles' law. The constant will be impacted by the number of moles present as well as the tension.
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2 03(g) → 3 0₂(8) AH=-285 kJ/mol,
The bond enthalpy of the oxygen-oxygen bond in O, is 498 kJ/mol. Based on the enthalpy of the reaction represented above, what is the average bond enthalpy, in kJ/mol, of an oxygen-oxygen bond in 03?
Explanation:
=> The simplest form of
56
:
98
56:98 is
4
:
7.
4:7.
Step-by-step explanation:
Given ratio -
56
:
98
56:98
We have to reduce it to its simplest form,
For that, we have to find the GCD of the numerator as well as the denominator:
So, the GCD for
56
56 and
98
98 is
14.
14.
Now, divide both the numerator and denominator by the GCD:
=
>
56
÷
14
98
÷
14
=>
98÷14
56÷14
=
>
4
7
=>
7
4
Hence, the simplest form is
4
:
7.
4:7.bam makes a second solution, adding 5.35 g of co(ch3coo)2 to 39.03 ml of h2o. calculate the concentration of this solution in mole fraction.
The concentration of the solution in mole fraction is 0.01379464.
MW of water = 18.015 g/mol
MW of Co(CH₃COO)₂ = 177.0212 g/mol
Density of water = 0.9975 g/mL
Mass of water = volume of water × density of water
= 39.03 × 0.9975
= 38.932425
Moles of water = mass /molar mass of water
= 38.932425 / 18.015
= 2.1612
Moles of Co(CH₃COO)₂ = mass / molar mass
= 5.35 / 177.0212
= 0.03023
Mole fraction of Co(CH₃COO)₂ = moles of cobalt acetate / total moles
= 0.03023 / ( 0.03023 +2.1612)
= 0.03023 / 2.19143
= 0.01379464
Hence, the concentration of the solution in mole fraction is 0.01379464.
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when density is measured, a. a graduated cylinder is always used. b. the units are always kg/m3 . c. the temperature should be specified. d. the material must be a pure substance.
When the density is measure , the correct is c. the temperature should be specified.
The density is the ratio between the mass in the kg and the volume in the m³. The density of the graduated cylinder should be measure in the specified temperature. The expression for the density is expressed as follows :
The density = mass / volume
The density of the substance is measurement of the mass per unit the volume. The SI unit of the density is kg/m³, or we use g/cm³ for the solids, g/ml for the liquids, and the g/L for gases.
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why sodium, which has two atoms in a bcc (conventional cubic) unit cell, is a metal;
Sodium is considered a metal because it has certain properties that are characteristic of metals, including: High electrical conductivity , High thermal conductivity etc.
Sodium has two atoms in a bcc (conventional cubic) unit cell and it is a metal due to 1. High electrical conductivity: Sodium is a good conductor of electricity, meaning that it allows electrical current to flow through it easily. 2. High thermal conductivity: Sodium is also a good conductor of heat, meaning that it conducts heat well and can quickly transfer heat from one location to another. 3. High reflectivity: Sodium has a high degree of reflectivity, meaning that it reflects light well and has a bright, shiny appearance. 4. Malleability: Sodium is malleable, meaning that it can be easily shaped and molded into different forms without breaking. 5. Ductility: Sodium is also ductile, meaning that it can be stretched into wires without breaking. These properties are related to the metallic bonding in sodium, which involves the transfer of electrons from the sodium atoms to a "sea" of delocalized electrons that are shared by all the sodium atoms in the solid. This sharing of electrons results in strong metallic bonds and the characteristic properties of metals.
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if a simple distillation were to be performed on a mixture of 35 mol % hexane and 65 mol % heptane, what would the initial distillate be?
Answer: 343y4ou1ytuoy3yt7y413
Explanation:
oy34ouy4y734648734713
4. Which of the following is true about used antifreeze?
OA. It can be treated just like new antifreeze
OB. It is not recycleable
OC. It can never be reused in a vehicle
OD. It often contains heavy metals
Answer:
D. It often contains heavy metals.
Explanation:
Used antifreeze should not be reused in a vehicle, it is not recyclable, and it should be disposed of properly because it often contains heavy metals, such as lead and copper, which can be harmful to the environment and human health. It should not be treated just like new antifreeze. It is important to check the antifreeze levels and quality regularly and replace it with fresh antifreeze as needed.
hydrates are formed when aldehydes/ketones are reacted with h2o. under acidic conditions, the first step of the mechanism is . under basic conditions, the first step of the mechanism is .
Hydrates are formed when aldehydes/ketones are reacted with H₂O. Under acidic conditions, the first step of the mechanism is protonation of the carbonyl. Under basic conditions, the first step of the mechanism is addition of the nucleophile to the carbonyl.
Aldehydes and ketones react with water to create hydrates. The carbonyl is protonated as the first step in the procedure when the environment is acidic. The addition of the nucleophile to the carbonyl is the initial step in the process under normal circumstances.
Water reacts with aldehydes and ketones to produce 1,1-geminal diols, also referred to as hydrates. Since the equilibrium eventually moves back to the initial materials (according to Le Chatelier's principle), hydrates are typically not stable enough to be isolated. However, in the aqueous oxidation of aldehydes to acids, hydrates are the reactive species.
Mechanism for the formation of hydrates under acid catalysisAn acid/base reaction comes first. We need to protonate on O to activate the carbonyl because there is just a weak nucleophile.When the electrophilic C in the compound C=O is attacked by the nucleophilic O in water, the bond is broken and the positive O is given electrons.An acid/base reaction comes in third. Oxonium ion deprotonation renders the hydrate's charge neutral.Learn more about hydrates at https://brainly.com/question/15724859
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question what is true about the hydration process? select all that apply: hydration is a solvation process where the solvent is water. the hydration involves breaking ionic solid and mixing in solvent. the hydration involves separating solvent molecules and mixing with ions in solution. the process is generally exothermic. the process is generally endothermic.
The following statements are true about the hydration process: Hydration is a solvation process where the solvent is water, The hydration involves breaking ionic solid and mixing in solvent,The process is generally exothermic.
Hydration is a process in which an ionic solid (typically a salt) dissolves in water to form a solution. In the process, water molecules surround and hydrate individual ions, separating them from each other and allowing them to mix uniformly in the solvent. This process is driven by the attractive forces between the positive and negative ions and the water molecules, which can cause the release of energy in the form of heat. As a result, hydration is generally exothermic, meaning that it releases heat. This can be seen as the solution becoming warm when a salt is dissolved in water. The release of heat is due to the breaking of ionic bonds in the solid and the formation of new bonds between the ions and the water molecules.
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the general molecular formula for alkanes is cnh2n 2. what is the general molecular formula for alkynes? click in the answer box to activate the palette.
The general molecular formula for alkynes is [tex]C_{n} H_{2n-2}[/tex]. These are non polar as it contains only carbon and hydrogen.
Alkynes are defined as the organic compound molecules made of the functional group carbon-carbon triple bonds. The molecular formula of alkynes is [tex]C_{n} H_{2n-2}[/tex]. Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes have the suffix –ene and alkynes has the suffix –yne. The suffix is used when there is only one alkyne in the molecule. Alkynes undergo same reactions in many reactions as alkanes. It can react twice because of the presence of the two p-bonds in the triple bond. Alkynes contains only carbon and hydrogen. These are nonpolar. These are not soluble in water and are less dense than water.
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The complete question is,
The general molecular formula for alkanes is cnh2n 2. what is the general molecular formula for alkynes?
the melting point of indium is 156.2°c. at 323°f, what is the physical state of indium?
At 323°F (161.6°C), the physical state of indium would be a liquid, as the temperature is above its melting point of 156.2°C.
The melting point of indium is 156.2°C. At 323°F, which is equivalent to approximately 161.6°C, the physical state of indium would be a liquid.
The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from a solid state to a liquid state. When the temperature of a solid exceeds its melting point, the bonds between its molecules weaken and eventually break, allowing the molecules to move freely and form a liquid.
In this case, since the temperature of 323°F (161.6°C) is greater than the melting point of indium (156.2°C), it can be concluded that indium would be in a liquid state at that temperature.
It's important to note that the physical state of a substance is dependent not only on temperature, but also on pressure. However, in this case, the standard pressure of 1 atm is assumed, so the physical state of indium can be determined based on temperature alone.
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how many milliliters of 12.0 m hcl should be added to 5.00 x 102 ml of 0.100 m na2so3 to produce a ph 7.00 buffer solution. for h2so3 ka1
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between HCl and Na2SO3 is:
Na2SO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2SO4
The pH of a buffer solution is determined by the ratio of the weak acid (H2SO3) to its conjugate base (HSO3-). To determine the amount of HCl needed to produce a pH of 7.00, the concentration of H2SO3 and HSO3- must be calculated.
Since the reaction goes to completion, the amount of HCl added will determine the amount of H2SO4 produced, which will then dissociate to H2SO3 and HSO3-. The initial concentration of H2SO3 will be equal to the initial concentration of HCl, and the concentration of HSO3- will be equal to the amount of H2SO4 produced divided by the volume of the solution.
We can use the initial concentration of HCl and the amount added to calculate the final concentration of H2SO3. To find the volume of HCl needed to reach a pH of 7.00, we can use the formula for the pH of a buffer solution:
pH = pKa1 + log([HSO3-]/[H2SO3])
where pKa1 is the first dissociation constant of H2SO3 (1.20 x 10^-2).
Setting pH = 7.00 and solving for [HCl] will give the volume of HCl needed to reach the desired pH. This can then be converted to milliliters.
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Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CRP) is used in the manufacture of golf clubs and tennis rackets.
a. What are composite materials?
b. Which two substances are used to manufacture this composite material?
Consider data in the table (photo).
c. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using the three materials above in the manufacture of golf clubs.
Answer:
a. Composite materials are materials made from two or more different substances that are combined to create a new material with specific properties. They are often used in applications where a combination of properties is needed, such as high strength and low weight.
b. Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CRP) is a composite material that is made from a combination of carbon fibers and a plastic resin.
c.
The advantages of using graphite in the manufacture of golf clubs include its light weight, which allows for greater clubhead speed and distance, and its ability to absorb vibrations, which can make the club more comfortable to use.
The advantages of using steel in the manufacture of golf clubs include its durability and resistance to wear and tear. It is also relatively inexpensive and readily available.
The advantages of using carbon fiber in the manufacture of golf clubs include its high strength-to-weight ratio, which can result in a more stable clubhead and increased accuracy, as well as its ability to be shaped and molded into complex shapes.
The main disadvantage of using graphite is that it is not as durable as steel, which means the club may need to be replaced more frequently.
The main disadvantage of using steel is that it is heavier than graphite, which can make it more difficult to generate clubhead speed and distance.
The main disadvantage of using carbon fiber in the manufacture of golf clubs is that it is relatively expensive compared to graphite and steel.
It should be noted that the choice of material for golf clubs also depends on the personal preferences and the intended use of the club.
What is molar mass?
A. The number of moles in one gram of substance
B. The mass of one molecule of a substance
C. The mass of one mole of a substance
D. The number of molecules In one mole of a substance
one recent concern of the epa is an increase in the atmosphere's carbon dioxide content, a phenomenon known as the
One recent concern of the EPA is an increase in the atmosphere's carbon dioxide content, a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect.
ABOUT GREENHOUSE EFFECTIn general, the greenhouse effect is defined as the process of increasing the earth's temperature caused by changes in the composition of the atmosphere. Causes sunlight to remain on earth and cannot be reflected perfectly, leaving the atmosphere.
The greenhouse effect was first introduced to the general public in 1824 by a scientist named Joseph Fourier. According to the opinion that Joseph Fourier conveyed to the public. He considered the greenhouse effect to be a warming process caused by the composition of the atmosphere.
If it is interpreted according to the processes and consequences arising from the greenhouse effect, it is a natural phenomenon that occurs due to the reflection of sunlight that passes through the earth's atmosphere. Caused by various substances present on the earth's surface, the severity of this phenomenon can damage the atmosphere blanket.
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write the structure of the major organic products formed in the reaction of ozonide with zinc and water.
Ozonolysis of Alkenes. It is process of the cleavage of unsaturated bonds of alkenes, alkynes in an organic reactions.
When alkene is subjected to the ozonolysis, can be oxidized with ozone to form aldehydes or ketones, or carboxylic acids. Oxidation of alkenes with help of ozone can give alcohol, aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids.
Alkynes undergo ozonolysis to give the acid anhydrides. If water is present in reaction, acid anhydride undergoes hydrolysis to yield two carboxylic acids.
The first step in mechanism of ozonolysis is the initial electrophilic addition of ozone to the Carbon- Carbon double bond, which then form the molozonide intermediate. Due to unstable mol ozonide molecule, it continues further with reaction and breaks apart to form a carbonyl and a carbonyl oxide molecule.
Ozonolysis has been widely used to determine structure of natural products. It has also been used to investigate structure of aromatic compounds as well as to synthesize rare aldehydes.
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true or false: dalton described that atoms from an element are different than atoms of other elements because they differ in the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Dalton proposed that every single atom of an element is the same as every other atom of that element, while different atoms from different elements have different properties. However, atoms having different numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons were not known during his time. Therefore, while the statement is mostly true, it was not Dalton that figured that out (the statement is FALSE).
John Dalton was a chemist and physicist. Here's most known for his atomic theory, where he proposed that each atom from the same element has the same properties, while different atoms (from different elements) have different properties. His theory was the first to describe all matter in terms of atoms and their property completely.
Attached below is an image of his book " "A New System of Chemical Philosophy" which tries to explain his theory.
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according to the course reading, what do smart materials do?
The main role of smart materials in course reading is to mimic biological behavior and "respond to stimuli". The class of solid materials which is used in course reading is usually composed of two or more of the other classes of materials to achieve a combination of properties.
There is an importance of smart materials in course reading because smart materials and systems are able to sense and respond to the environment around them. They have the potential which helps to improve existing technology and add new functionality to products. They have applications in a wide variety of areas and could have an very important role in waste reduction process.
Smart materials are mainly divided into 4 categories which involves Polymers, Ceramics, Metals and Smart Materials.
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ote
as
3
c
The concentration of lactic acid in yoghurt can be found by an acid-base
titration with sodium hydroxide.
In an experiment, 40-0 cm' of sodium hydroxide solution of concentration
0-100 mol dm exactly neutralised the lactic acid present in a 50-0 g tub of
yoghurt.
Giving your answers to three significant figures, calculate
I
the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used,
1:2 mole.
[1]
II
the number of moles of lactic acid that were present in the yoghurt,
assuming that I mole of sodium hydroxide reacts with 1 mole of lactic
acid,
1.2 mole.
[1]
III the mass of lactic acid (relative molecular mass 90-0) present in the
50-0 g tub of yoghurt,
Dx 3c
1.2 x 90.0
= 1089
IV the percentage, by mass, of lactic acid in the yoghurt.
100 =
46.3%
108
[1]
[1]
x10
3
Ans
1476797
Answer:
I'm sorry, I believe there is a mistake in your calculation.
To calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used, you need to use the formula: moles = (concentration x volume) where the concentration is given in mol/dm^3 and the volume is given in dm^3.
so in this case, number of moles = (0.100 x 0.040) = 0.004 moles.
II
To calculate the number of moles of lactic acid that were present in the yoghurt, we can use the stoichiometry of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and lactic acid. Since the reaction is a 1:1 reaction, the number of moles of lactic acid will be equal to the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used, which is 0.004 moles.
III To calculate the mass of lactic acid present in the yoghurt, we can use the formula mass = moles x molar mass where molar mass of lactic acid is 90.0 g/mol
so the mass of lactic acid = 0.004 x 90.0 = 0.36 g
IV To calculate the percentage of lactic acid by mass in the yoghurt, we can use the formula % by mass = (mass of lactic acid / mass of yoghurt) x 100
so the percentage of lactic acid by mass in the yoghurt = (0.36 / 50.0) x 100 = 0.72 x 100 = 72%
what is the parent name for a molecule containing only an ether substituent using only the common name
The parent name for a molecule containing only an ether substituent using only the common name is "alkoxy."
Ethers, which contain an oxygen atom connected to two carbon atoms, are named using the common name system as "alkoxy" derivatives, where "alk" represents any alkyl group (a chain of carbon atoms) and "oxy" represents the oxygen atom in the ether functional group.
The name of the ether reflects the alkyl group or groups attached to the oxygen atom, and is formed by taking the name of the alkyl group and adding the suffix "-oxy". For example, an ether with a propyl group (C₃H₇) on one end and a methyl group (CH₃) on the other end would be named as "propoxy-methyl ether."
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10. which methods can distinguish between solutions of a strong monoprotic acid and a weak monoprotic acid of the same concentration?
The main difference between a strong monoprotic and a weak monoprotic acid at same concentration is its ionization. The strong acid will be more reactive, more conductive and have lower pH.
An aqueous solution of a strong and weak monoprotic acid at same concentration shows differences mainly because of the difference in ionization. A strong acid is completely ionized, but weak acid will be partially ionized. So hydrogen ion concentration will be more in strong acids.
As Hydrogen ion concentration is more strong acids exhibits a lower pH. So it can be tested using a pH meter.Since it is completely ionized, the stronger acids will be more conductive. By using a conductometer we can determine the conductivity.The reactivity can be tested by placing a solid metal in the acid. The stronger acid will bubble vigorously compared to a weaker acid.So we can test conductivity, reactivity and pH to identify the stronger monoprotic acid.
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85.63% carbon and 14.37% hydrogen. its molar mass is found to be 112.21 g/mol. what is the molecular formula of the compound?
The molecular formula is CH2 x 8 = C8H16, which is the molecular formula of octane.
The molecular formula can be determined by finding the empirical formula, which is the easiest whole-number ratio of particles in a compound, and afterward deciding the molecular formula from the empirical formula and the molar mass.
First, find the number of moles of carbon and hydrogen in the sample:
Carbon: 85.63 g/(12.01 g/mol) = 7.13 molesHydrogen: 14.37 g/(1.01 g/mol) = 14.27 molesThen, divide each number of moles by the most modest number of moles to acquire the easiest whole-number ratio:
Carbon: 7.13 moles/7.13 moles = 1Hydrogen: 14.27 moles/7.13 moles = 2In this way, the empirical formula is CH2. To find the molecular formula, we have to multiply the empirical formula by a whole number to get a molar mass equivalent to the noticed molar mass of 112.21 g/mol.
Dividing the noticed molar mass by the empirical formula mass (12.01 + 2 * 1.01 = 14.03 g/mol) gives:
112.21 g/mol/14.03 g/mol = 8
Thus, the molecular formula is CH2 x 8 = C8H16, which is the molecular formula of octane.
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what functional groups does vanillin have? ether, alcohol and carboxylic acid ether, alcohol and ketone ether, alcohol and aldehyde acetal, alcohol and aldehyde acetal, alcohol and ketone
The functional groups' Ether, alcohol, and aldehyde are present in Vanillin.
A functional group is a substituent or moiety of a molecule that, in the field of organic chemistry, is responsible for producing the signature chemical reactions of the molecule.
Regardless of the rest of the molecule's constituents, a functional group that is the same will always experience chemical reactions that are identical or very comparable to those reactions.
Because of this, it is possible to plan chemical synthesis, as well as forecast systematically the reactions of chemicals and the behavior of chemical compounds.
A functional group's reactivity can be altered by the presence of other functional groups in close proximity. In order to plan organic synthesis, functional group interconversion can be utilized as a part of the retrosynthetic analysis process.
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why thermometer shouldn't touch styrofoam
Thermometer shouldn't touch styrofoam because contacting the test tube does not generate heat or pressure, touching the thermometer does not result in the thermometer exploding.
Glass makes up the thermometer. The test tube does not break by the simple contact of the thermometer with it. Because the container may not have the same temperature as the solution, the thermometer shouldn't touch the edges or the bottom of the container (especially if the container is not a very good conductor of heat).
As a result, touching the container with the thermometer could result in an incorrect reading. Your body's ability to produce and release heat is indicated by your body temperature. Even when the outside temperature is changing rapidly, the body is quite adept at maintaining its internal temperature within a safe range.
When you get too hot, your skin's blood vessels enlarge to help transfer the extra heat to the surface of your skin.
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8. an action potential in the axon terminal of a motor neuron opens what type of ion channels?
An action potential in the axon terminal of a motor neuron opens up voltage gated sodium channels.
For an action potential to be able to communicate information from one neuron to another neuron, it must be able to travel along the axon and reach the terminals of the axons where it can initiate the neurotransmitter release.
When an action potential is at the axon terminal, it happens to depolarize the membrane and open up the voltage-gated sodium ion channels. The sodium ions enter into the cell and further depolarize the presynaptic membrane. This causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open up.
Calcium ions entering the cell are able to initiate a signaling cascade which causes the small membrane-bound vesicles, which are called synaptic vesicles, containing the neurotransmitter molecules to fuse with the presynaptic membrane.
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which substance would not work as a grignard reagent?
Any substance that contains acidic functional groups would not work as a Grignard reagent.
The Grignard reaction can be basically categorized as an organometallic chemical reaction in which there is a Grignard reagent which is the alkyl, vinyl, allyl, or aryl-magnesium halides is reacted with particular carbonyl group in an aldehyde or in a ketone. This reaction is crucial particularly for the formation of the carbon–carbon bonds.
Grignard reagents that are used in this reaction are basically strong nucleophiles and possess the ability to form carbon-carbon bonds, making them similar to the organolithium reagents. Grignard reagents cannot be made from substances having acidic functional groups present in the halogen compound. The Grignard reagent will get destroyed by the reaction with acidic hydrogen atoms of water, phenols, alcohols, or carboxylic acid groups.
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