why is it not possible to test for ammonia as evidence of nitrate reduction to ammonia in the nitrate broth culture

The minimal concentration of chloride ion is 1.67 × 10 ⁻³ M

Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by way of the overall volume of an aggregate. several sorts of mathematical descriptions may be outstanding: mass concentration, molar concentration, variety concentration, and extent awareness.

The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute found in a given amount of solution. Concentrations are normally expressed in terms of molarity, defined because of the variety of moles of solute in 1 L of answer.

The Concentration of an answer is a measure of the quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or answer. A concentrated answer is one that has a rather huge quantity of dissolved solute.

calculation:-

2NaCl + Pb ⁺² ------------>  PbCl₂

  Ksp = [Pb⁺][Cl⁻]²

   [Cl⁻]       =  [tex]\sqrt{ \frac{Ksp}{[Pb+]}[/tex]

                 = [tex]\sqrt{ \frac{1.4×10^{-8} }{0.0049}[/tex]

                 = 1.67 × 10 ⁻³ M

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

Ozone (O3) is a gas which is present naturally within Earth's atmosphere. It is formed of three oxygen atoms (giving it the chemical formula, O3).

The list of ionic bonds in order of increasing ionic character is as follows:

Ionic bonds are bonds that are formed between two oppositely-charged ions held together by electrostatic forces of attraction.

The ions that are involved are the positive ions called cations and the negative ions called anions.

The strength of an ionic bond increases with an increase in the ionic character of the ions as well as an increase in the difference in the electronegativity of the ions.

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The molarity of the dilution is 0.01 M.

Parameter

When we fill the flask with the first solution and water until its full, we make a dilution.

The concentration changed when we added water, but the number of moles stay the same.

[tex]M = \frac{n}{V}[/tex]

n₁=n₂

V₁×M₁ = V₂×M₂

5.00×0,100=50×M₂

0.500=50×M₂

[tex]M_2 = \frac{0.500}{50}[/tex]

M₂ = 0,01 M

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The electronic configuration of an element represent the filling of electrons in various orbitals or subshells. The configuration of the element neon is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶.

Neon is 10th element in periodic table. It is a noble gas also called an inert gas since the inert gas group that is group 18 gases are commonly unreactive. The group members are neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon.

The elements in group 18 have the general electronic configuration for valence electrons ns² np⁶. Therefore, they have a completely filled orbital and attained octet which means they are all highly stable.

Neon have 10 electrons and these electrons are arranged in orbitals in the increasing order of energy levels. Thus its electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶.

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Answer:

First ionization energy decrease

The root mean square speed of O₂ gas molecules under the same conditions is 521.04ms⁻²

Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion

Here given data is

He gas = 6950 j/mol

We have to find root mean square = ?

So the formula is to find root mean square is

Vrms = √RT/m

Vrms = RMS velocity of the gas

T = absolute temprature of the gas

M = molar mass of the gas

R = universal gas constant

So, average molar kinetic energy of gas

E = 1/2 mv²rms = 1/2 RT

This equation reveal that molar KE is independent of the nature of the gas and it only depends on temprature as ideal behavior is concerned and so both He and O₂ will have same KE = 6950 j/mol and under the same condition of temprature

So for O₂

1/2 m O₂ V²rmsO₂ = 6950 j/mol

Taking atomic mass of O₂ = 16g/mol

V²rmsO₂ = 6950 × 2/2×16g/mol

VrmsO₂ = √69500000/16g/mol

VrmsO₂ = 521.04ms⁻²

Root mean square speed of O₂ gas molecules is 521.04ms⁻²

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The temperature (in k) will be 126.509 K

Number of moles of Oxygen = 0.0938 mol

Pressure = 740 torr or 98658.6 Pa

Volume = 1.0 L or 0.001 m3

Temperature in K = ?

To find out the temperature (T) we use the ideal gas equation

    PV = nRT

As we have to find the temperature so rearrange the equation for T

    T = PV / nR

value of R = 8.314 J/mol.K

Put the values in the equation

   V = 98658.6 * 0.001 / 0.0938 * 8.314

   V = 0.000974 / 0.779853

   V = 98.6596 / 0.779853

   V = 126.509 K

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Dipoles are not the dominant intermolecular forces between IBr molecules in liquids. IBr is a covalent bond.

A covalent bond is a chemical bond that requires the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. The constant balance between attractive and repulsive forces between atoms according to their share of electrons is called a covalent bond.

Covalent bonds are much more common in natural chemistry than ionic bonds. A covalent bond is the simultaneous attraction of the nucleus to one or more electron pairs. Covalent compounds generally have low boiling and melting factors and are determined in all three body states at room temperature. Covalent bonds no longer conduct electricity; This is because covalent compounds no longer have charged particles that can carry electrons.

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Gay-Law Lussac's states that, for a gas with a fixed volume and number of moles, pressure is directly proportional to temperature.

The pressure exerted by the argon gas  at 60c is 0.46atm

Define pressure?

Pressure is defined as the force applied perpendicular to an object's surface per unit area across which that force is dispersed. Gauge pressure (sometimes written gauge pressure) is the pressure in relation to the surrounding atmosphere.

p is proportional to t.

p1xt1=p2xt2

where,

p1 = 0.85 atm

p2 = ?

t1 = 20c

t2 = 60c

t1=20c= (200 +275=475k)

t2=60c =(600+275=875k)

p2 =0.85x473/873

=0.4605atm

Therefore, the pressure of the gas at 60c will be 0.46atm.

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The energy of a photon whose frequency is 5.94 × 10¹⁷ Hz is 3.94 × 10-¹⁶J.

The energy of a photon wave can be calculated by using the following formula:

E = hf

Where;

According to this question, a photon has a frequency of 5.94 x 10¹⁷ Hz. The energy can be calculated as follows:

E = 6.626 × 10-³⁴J/s × 5.94 x 10¹⁷ Hz

E = 3.94 × 10-¹⁶J

Therefore, 3.94 × 10-¹⁶J is the energy of the photon.

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Aspirin is the sector's most regularly used medicinal drug. The chemical analysis of aspirin indicates that the molecule is 60.00% carbon, 4.44% hydrogen, and 35.56%.

Empirical records.relying on revel in or commentary by myself regularly with out due regard for system and theory. an empirical basis for the idea. Empirical research is primarily based on found and measured phenomena and derives information from actual revel in in place of from principle or perception.

An instance of empirical evaluation might be if a researcher changed into inquisitive about locating out whether or not paying attention to satisfied music promotes prosocial behaviour. An experiment might be carried out where one organization of the target audience is uncovered to happy song and the other isn't always uncovered to track at all.

A element is proof for a proposition if it epistemically supports this proposition or suggests that the supported proposition is authentic. evidence is empirical if it's miles constituted by or available to sensory revel in.

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The maximum amount of energy produced in this reaction is -1381.58J

What is mole?

It is defined as amount of a substance that contains exactly 6.02 × 10²³ ‘elementary entities’ of the given substance.

b) mole ratio = moles / balanced coefficient

mole ratio of Al = 3.25 mol/2 mol= 1.62

mole ratio of Fe2O3 = 1.92 mol/1 mole = 1.92

here , Al is the limiting reactant because of lower nole ratio, therefore it produces maximum amount of heat

Since 2 mole Al produces ∆H° rxn = -850.2J

1 mole Al produces ∆H° rxn = -850.2J/ 2

3.25 mole Al produce ∆H° rxn = (-850.2J/ 2) × 3.25

= -1381.58J

Hence energy ∆H = -1381.58J

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Based o the nature of the reactants and products:

A chemical reaction is a reaction that results in changes in the chemical properties of substances.

A chemical reaction results in the formation of new products.

There are several types of chemical reactions such as:

This is illustrated as follows: AB + C ---> AC + B

This is illustrated as follows: AB + CD ---> AC + BD

Hence, two ionic compounds react to produce two iob=nic compounds.

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Daily compounding beats monthly compounding. The shorter the compounding period, the higher your effective yield is going to be.

When interest from the previous day is added, the interest earned each day on your savings account balance is known as daily compound interest. Any frequency plan, ranging from daily to yearly, can be used to compound interest. Interest is accrued daily and paid out monthly on all bank accounts from Marcus by Goldman Sachs. The formula for calculating monthly compounding is the principle amount multiplied by one plus the interest rate divided by a number of periods, which is raised to the power of the number of periods. Lenders frequently prefer to present interest rates compounded monthly instead of annually. The interest amount is obtained by deducting that sum from the principal amount.

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There is a difference in the rate of mass change because eggs gain mass when kept in hypotonic solution, whereas they lose mass when kept in hypertonic solution.

Hypertonic solutions contain high concentrations of solutes compared to other solutions. The opposite solution with a lower concentration is called a hypotonic solution. Cells are considered hypotonic when placed in a hypertonic solution.

Hypotonic solution refers to a solution that contains a lesser amount of solute than the solute concentration of another solution through a semipermeable membrane.

Thus, eggs placed in high concentrations of sucrose lost the most weight. So the higher the sucrose concentration, the more water the egg will lose.

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The molecule cis-1,2-dibromocyclopentane comes under Stereoisomers.

Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula, the same atom connectivity, but they differ in the relative spatial orientation of the atoms.

In cis-1,2-dibromocyclopentane, both bromine atoms are on the same "face" of the cyclopentane ring.

0.936g is the theoretical yield of water

CO2 molecules = moles x Avogadro's number.

= 01034644x 6.022x1023

(2·0866 X 1022] (approx)

1 moles of O2 produce 6 moles of 420 from breath.

Theoretical 4x01060627 yield of H2O = Males of H2O X Molar Mass = 0.060627 moles of 02 generate.

= 0.051966 moles

10.051966 X 18.01528

0.936g

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The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons are 55 p+ 55 e- 55 n. They are subatomic particles in the element. They can be calculated from the atomic number and the mass number.

Every element has a mass number and an atomic number. The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons can be calculated from the mass number and the atomic number.

If given

How many protons, electrons, and neutrons?

Number of protons

= atomic number

= 55

Number of electrons

= atomic number - ion

= 55 - 0

= 55

Number of neutron

= mass number - atomic number

= 110 - 55

= 55

Hence, the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons are 55 p+ 55 e- 55 n.

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solid(particles are appropriately packed)  in solids there is no distance between the constituent particles

liquid(particles are closely packed).

gas(particles move freely) .

In a gas, the particles are evenly spaced out and not in any particular order. There is no regular arrangement of liquid next to one another. solids are regularly arranged and closely packed.

We can infer from the diagram that there is no space between the individual particles that make up solids. Without any intermolecular voids between the individual molecules, it is a completely packed structure.

In contrast, the particles in liquids are more closely packed than those in gaseous fluids, albeit they are more loosely packed than those in solids. We can now observe that there is a significant intermolecular gap between the constituent particles of gases. They are packed more flimsily than

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Two reasons for dropwise addition of HCl:

Sodium benzoate, the sodium salt of benzoic acid is widely used as a food preservative and pickling agent. It is a white crystalline chemical with the formula  C₆H₅COONa. Although used as a food preservative, it is generally recognized as safe and can be used as an antibacterial agent and flavoring agent in food at a maximum usage of 0.1%. It is also generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as a preservative in animal feed.

For the specific case of your question:

Addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid protonates the sodium salt of the organic acid to produce the organic acid. Organic acids are not soluble in aqueous solutions, they precipitate in solution and can be collected by filtration.

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Answer:

An atom changes from a ground state to an excited state by taking on energy from its surroundings in a process called absorption. The electron absorbs the energy and jumps to a higher energy level. In the reverse process, emission, the electron returns to the ground state by releasing the extra energy it absorbed.

the heat of the water

Explanation:

water heat boils and starts to mske water vapor.

The pH at midpoint in the titration will be 3.16

The pH at the midpoint of the titration (the half-equivalence point) will be equal to the pKa of nitrous acid i.e. 3.16. The calculation is quite simple as the Ka value is 4.0 x 10^-4. To find pKa =  -log Ka.

Thus, pKa = -log (4.0 x 10^-4) = 3.16

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The Debye model is a model used to estimate the heat capacity of a solid. The model is based on the assumption that the solid consists of a collection of harmonic oscillators.

The Debye frequency is the frequency at which an oscillator oscillates when it is subjected to a force. The Debye temperature is the temperature at which the Debye frequency is equal to the thermal energy. The Debye model can be used to estimate the heat capacity of a metal, semiconductor, or dielectric.

The heat capacity of a metal is typically higher than the heat capacity of a semiconductor or dielectric. The heat capacity of a metal is also typically higher than the heat capacity of a dielectric. The heat capacity of a semiconductor is typically lower than the heat capacity of a dielectric.

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Answer:

4834.20 ml or 4.8342 L

Explanation:

Gold has density of 19.30 g/ml

so according to d = m/V

V = m/d = 93,300/19.30 = 4834.19689119 = 4834.20 ml or 4.8342 L

The volume of nuggets of gold that has a mass of 93,300g is 4834.20 ml or 4.8342 L.

Volume is the space occupied by a three-dimensional object.

Density is the mass per unit volume. Density is a scalar quantity. It is denoted by d and the symbol for density is given as rho, a Greek symbol. Density is calculated as mass divided by volume.

Density is directly proportional to mass and inversely proportional to volume. Thus, with an increase in density, mass increases and volume decreases, and vice-versa

Gold has a density of 19.30 g/ml

so according to density = mass/ volume

V = m/d = 93,300 / 19.30 = 4834.19

4834.20 ml or 4.8342 L

Therefore, the volume of nuggets of gold that has a mass of 93,300g is 4834.20 ml or 4.8342 L.

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The concentration of the cu2+ in the braker will be 0.068 molar.

Concentration is known as the measure of the relative proportions of two or more quantities in a mixture of solution. Concentration determines the number of molecules are present in the solution. Concentration also determines the acidity and basicity of the solution.

       In the given condition we have 0.068 molar of copper in the solution.

Therefore,

[Cu2+] = 1 molCu(NH3)/ l x 1 mol Cu2+/ 1 moleCu(NH3)

1 molCu(NH3) gets cancelled on both the sides.

as we know, from the given condition [Cu2+] = 0.068 molar

Therefore, 0.068 = 1 mol Cu2+ / l

   Therefore, the concentration in the beaker of the copper will be 0.068molar.

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A buffer with 0.462 m acetic acid and 0.355 m acetate has a pH of 4.6. The acetic acid ka value is 1.8 x 10-5.

The pH of a buffer solution won't change when small amounts of an acid or an alkali are added.

Simply put, a buffer solution that is acidic has a pH that is lower than 7. Acidic buffer solutions are normally made using a weak acid and one of its salts, frequently a sodium salt.

Alkaline buffer solution has pH higher than 7. The most common method for producing alkaline buffer solutions is to combine a weak base with one of its salts.

pH = -logKa + log([C₂H₃O₂⁻] / [HC₂H₃O₂])

ph = -log(1.8 × 10⁻⁵) + log(0.355 M / 0.462 M)

ph = 4.6

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Here are 3 alkali metals with physical and chemical similarity.

What is alkali metals?

Alkali metals are come from the fact that when these metals or their oxides dissolved in water.a basic solution results.

Three alkali metals -

1- hydrogen(H)

2-lithium(Li)

3-potassium(K)

physical and chemical similarity of hydrogen -

-it is colourless and tasteless in nature.

-it is a combustible gas but not a supporter of combustion.

physical and chemical similarity of lithium -

-it have a melting point of 180.54

-it is the lightest of all metals,with a density approximately half that of water.

physical and chemical similarity of pottasium -

- this metal is soft and white with a silver lustre.

-it imparts a lavender colour to a flame, and it's vapour is green.

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