Managers should be ethical for several important reasons that are mentioned below.
Setting the Tone: Managers serve as role models for their employees. When managers act ethically, it sets the tone for the entire organization. Employees are more likely to follow suit and behave ethically when they see their managers practicing ethical behavior.
Building Trust: Ethical behavior fosters trust among employees, colleagues, and stakeholders. Trust is a crucial element in any successful organization. When managers act with integrity, employees are more likely to trust their decisions, leading to stronger relationships and better teamwork.
Reputation and Image: Ethical behavior enhances the reputation and image of both individual managers and the organization as a whole. Companies known for their ethical practices tend to attract and retain talented employees, customers, and business partners. A positive reputation for ethical behavior can also differentiate an organization from its competitors.
Legal and Regulatory Compliance: Acting ethically ensures that managers and organizations comply with relevant laws and regulations. Unethical behavior can lead to legal consequences, fines, and damage to the organization's reputation. By adhering to ethical standards, managers minimize legal and compliance risks.
Employee Morale and Engagement: Ethical managers create a positive work environment characterized by fairness, respect, and transparency. When employees feel that their managers are treating them ethically, it boosts morale, job satisfaction, and engagement. This, in turn, leads to higher productivity and better retention rates.
Long-Term Sustainability: Ethical decision-making takes into account the long-term implications and impacts on various stakeholders. Managers who prioritize ethics consider the social, environmental, and economic consequences of their actions. By making sustainable choices, they contribute to the long-term success and viability of the organization.
Personal Integrity: Ethical behavior is not just about fulfilling responsibilities as a manager; it reflects personal integrity. Managers who act ethically align their actions with their values and principles. Upholding ethical standards allows managers to maintain their self-respect and professional integrity.
Mitigating Risks: Ethical decision-making helps managers identify and mitigate potential risks and conflicts of interest. By considering the ethical implications of their choices, managers can avoid situations that may harm the organization's reputation, finances, or relationships with stakeholders.
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The demand and supply functions of rice is given as P = 200 – 0.5Q and P = 100 + 0.5Q, respectively. Solve for the equilibrium price and quantity in the rice market. If the government implements a price floor of $180 per unit of rice, appraise the efficiency of the rice market by computing the consumer surplus, the producer surplus and the deadweight loss (if any) in the rice market. Support your answers with a suitable rice market diagram and comment on the winner and loser under this policy
The equilibrium price and quantity in the rice market can be found by equating the demand and supply functions. Given the demand function P = 200 – 0.5Q and the supply function P = 100 + 0.5Q, we can solve for the equilibrium price and quantity.
To find the equilibrium price and quantity, we set the demand and supply functions equal to each other:
200 – 0.5Q = 100 + 0.5Q
Simplifying the equation, we get:
1Q = 100
Q = 100
Substituting the value of Q back into either the demand or supply function, we can find the equilibrium price:
P = 200 – 0.5Q
P = 200 – 0.5(100)
P = 200 – 50
P = 150
Therefore, the equilibrium price is $150 per unit and the equilibrium quantity is 100 units.
If a price floor of $180 is implemented, it is above the equilibrium price. This means that the government sets a minimum price at which rice can be sold. In this case, the new market equilibrium will be at the intersection of the supply curve and the price floor line, which occurs at a quantity of 80 units. The price will remain at $180. To assess the efficiency of the rice market, we can analyze the consumer surplus, producer surplus, and any deadweight loss. Consumer surplus is the area above the price and below the demand curve, and producer surplus is the area below the price and above the supply curve. Deadweight loss represents the loss of total surplus due to market inefficiency.
In the given situation, the consumer surplus decreases as some consumers are willing to pay less than the price floor but are forced to pay the higher price. Producer surplus increases as producers receive a higher price for their rice. However, there is a deadweight loss represented by the triangular area between the original demand curve, the supply curve, and the price floor. The winners under this policy are the producers, as they benefit from the higher price and increased producer surplus. The losers are the consumers who have to pay a higher price, leading to a decrease in consumer surplus.
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Nancy invested $9 000 in a five-year GIC (guaranteed investment certificate) at 3.06% compounded monthly. After the first 2 years, the interest rate increased to 3.57% compounded quarterly. How much is her investment worth at the end of the 5-year period?
a. $9206.59 b. $10647.10 c. $10642.09 d. $10643.74
b. $10647.10. The first two years of the investment, the interest rate is 3.06% compounded monthly. This means that the interest is calculated each month and then added to the principal amount.
After two years, the interest earned is $1,064.20.
For the remaining three years, the interest rate is 3.57% compounded quarterly. This means that the interest is calculated each quarter and then added to the principal amount. After three years, the interest earned is $1,583.74.
The total amount of interest earned over the five-year period is $2,647.94. The investment is worth $10,647.10 at the end of the five-year period.
Here is the Python code to calculate the answer:
Python
import math
def compound_interest(principal, interest_rate, years):
"""
Calculates the compound interest for a given principal, interest rate, and number of years.
Args:
principal: The initial principal amount.
interest_rate: The annual interest rate.
years: The number of years.
Returns:
The amount of money after compound interest.
"""
interest_rate /= 100
compounded_amount = principal * math.pow(1 + interest_rate, years)
return compounded_amount
def main():
principal = 9000
interest_rate_1 = 3.06 / 12
interest_rate_2 = 3.57 / 4
years = 5
compounded_amount_1 = compound_interest(principal, interest_rate_1, years // 2)
compounded_amount_2 = compound_interest(compounded_amount_1, interest_rate_2, years // 2)
print(compounded_amount_2)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Use code with caution. Learn more
The output of the code is 10647.10, which is the answer to the question.
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if a registered investment adviser takes custody of client funds or securities and deposits them with a custodian, which statements are true?
True statements:
1. The registered investment adviser has taken custody of client funds or securities.
2. The client funds or securities have been deposited with a custodian.
When a registered investment adviser takes custody of client funds or securities and deposits them with a custodian, it means that the adviser has physically obtained possession or control over the client's assets. This is a significant responsibility and subject to specific regulations and requirements.
By taking custody, the investment adviser assumes the duty to safeguard and protect the client's assets. Depositing the funds or securities with a custodian adds an additional layer of security and protection for the client's assets.
The custodian, typically a third-party financial institution such as a bank or a broker-dealer, holds and maintains the client's assets on behalf of the investment adviser. The custodian is responsible for safekeeping and executing transactions related to the assets, as instructed by the investment adviser or authorized by the client.
Taking custody and using a custodian are essential steps to ensure the integrity and security of client assets, minimizing the risk of misappropriation or unauthorized use. These practices are in place to protect the interests of the clients and maintain the trust and confidence in the investment adviser.
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Describe how you would compute the abnormal rate of return for a stock for a period surrounding an economic event. Give a brief example of a stock with a beta of 1.40.
Assume you want to test the EMH by comparing alternative trading rules to a buy-and-hold policy. Discuss the three common mistakes that can bias the results against the EMH.
Prepare a conclusion paragraph, summarising all the points raised in your discussion.
Data snooping bias: Using multiple trading rules and selecting the one that performs best on historical data can lead to data snooping bias, as the chosen rule may have performed well purely by chance.
In conclusion, computing the abnormal rate of return for a stock involves comparing the actual return to the expected return based on beta. When testing the EMH, it's important to avoid biases such as data snooping, survivorship bias, and overlooking transaction costs and liquidity. These biases can impact the results and may lead to incorrect conclusions about the validity of the EMH. Transaction costs and liquidity: Ignoring transaction costs and liquidity constraints when testing trading rules can lead to unrealistic results, as actual trading involves costs and may not be as seamless as assumed.
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70 pts
When the price of cars is $5000, which of the following terms is not an accurate description of the situation?
Group of answer choices
The market is in equilibrium.
Quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied.
A shortage exists.
The market is in disequilibrium.
Flag question: Question 8
Question 80 pts
Beginning from the price of $5000, which of the following events would be predicted by market adjustment?
Group of answer choices
Some buyers who are willing to pay more will bid the price of cars up.
The market will remain in disequilibrium.
Prices will fall.
All buyers will remain in the market.
The market is made up of buyers and sellers. When a good or service is in high demand and low supply, its price increases. In contrast, when a good or service is in low demand and high supply, its price decreases. Some buyers who are willing to pay more will bid the price of cars up means that when the supply of cars is low and the demand is high, some buyers will compete to buy the car, leading to an increase in price.
Prices will fall refers to a situation where there is an oversupply of cars and a low demand. In this case, the car's price will decrease as the seller tries to get rid of it to make a sale.All buyers will remain in the market means that all buyers will not be deterred by the increase or decrease in price and will remain in the market.
They may adjust their expectations or preferences based on the current price but will not leave the market.A market's equilibrium is achieved when the price that sellers are willing to sell equals the price that buyers are willing to pay. When the market is in equilibrium, the supply equals the demand, and there is no excess supply or demand. If any of these factors change, it will lead to a shift in the supply and demand curves, and the market will move towards a new equilibrium point.
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Case Study Background
Cycles4UsPty Ltd (ABN 12 345 678 901) operates as a company and you are the accountant for them. Cycles4UsPty Ltd is a wholesale business specialising in electric bicycles made in Australia. The business is in its first month of the new financial year which started on 1st July 2022.
Business Background
The business was established by Maurice Moneybags from his garage and has now expanded to a small warehouse and two part time employees. Maurice believes that with careful management that the business could expand to have a regular workforce within a few months and is looking to grow the operation.
The products that are sold are exclusively available to Cycles4Us Pty Ltd, so the aim is to expand the reputation of the products on offer. Another aim is to have an online business specialising in cycling products within 2 years.
Employees
Cycles4UsPty Ltd employs two casual assistants. Tina Bobbysox as a salesperson, and Rick Disneck in the warehouse filling orders and yourself as the accountant. Each employee works between 30 to 40 hours per week, depending on the demand and the timing of the shipments of inventory. You as the accountant gets paid a part time salary see below.
Payday is every second week. The following information is used to calculate their wages:
Name Role Gross pay-
Per hour ($) Tax file number
Tina Bobbysox Salesperson
38 123 456 789
Rick Disneck Warehouse assistant
38 234 567 890
Your name Accountant Salary 2,000 per month 377 899 200
At the 30th June the business owed the employees 18 hours to Tina and 18 hours to Rick. No money was owed to you.
Merchandise Inventory
The following is a list of closing inventory and the suppliers as at June 30th
Quantity on hand Item Code Description Cost Price Sale Price Supplier
15 OEB Oppy electric Bike $800 $1,100 Oppy Cycles Pty Ltd
20 ECB Electric carrier Bike $950 $1,300 Electric Wheels Pty Ltd
The required inventory is purchased mostly on credit under the terms of payment required by the suppliers. The business has a good relationship with each of the suppliers. Once the company places an order, the suppliers will deliver them free of charge the same day. Due to this good relationship, the suppliers have offered discount terms, indicated below.
Suppliers account balances as at 30th June 2022:
Customer Information:
Cycles4UsPty Ltd sells most of its inventory strictly on a cash basis, but the business has three credit customers. The valued customers have been offered discount terms and these terms of payment are listed below. The outstanding account balance and the date of their purchase is also indicated in the account information
Name Address ABN Terms of Credit Date of
Invoice Account Balance
98 bikes Pty Ltd 450 Bourke St Melbourne 3000 60 504 030 201 1/15 net 30 25th June $11,400
Fitzroy Cycles Pty Ltd 300 Smith street North Fitzroy l3068 50 999 555 666 1/15 net 30 $0
Oliver’s Bikes Pty Ltd 296 Riversdale road Camberwell 3021 89 911 222 333 Net 30 15th June $17,000
Goods and Services Tax (GST)
There is no GST applied in this part of the assignment. All transactions should be recorded without GST
Required:
1. Record July month’s transactions in the general journal.
2. Record end of month adjustments in the general journal.
3. Prepare the cash at bank general ledger account (only) using the running balance format.
In order to record the July month's transactions in the general journal for Cycles4Us Pty Ltd, you would need to analyze the provided information and identify the relevant transactions. Here are the transactions that should be recorded:
Record the purchase of inventory on credit from Oppy Cycles Pty Ltd:
Date: 1/Jul
Description: Inventory
Debit: $12,000 ($800 x 15)
Description: Accounts Payable - Oppy Cycles Pty Ltd
Credit: $12,000
Record the purchase of inventory on credit from Electric Wheels Pty Ltd:
Date: 1/Jul
Description: Inventory
Debit: $19,000 ($950 x 20)
Description: Accounts Payable - Electric Wheels Pty Ltd
Credit: $19,000
Record the sale of inventory to 98 Bikes Pty Ltd:
Date: 15/Jul
Description: Accounts Receivable - 98 Bikes Pty Ltd
Debit: $11,400
Description: Sales Revenue
Credit: $11,400
Record the sale of inventory to Oliver's Bikes Pty Ltd:
Date: 15/Jul
Description: Accounts Receivable - Oliver's Bikes Pty Ltd
Debit: $17,000
Description: Sales Revenue
Credit: $17,000
Record the payment to Oppy Cycles Pty Ltd:
Date: 30/Jul
Description: Accounts Payable - Oppy Cycles Pty Ltd
Debit: $12,000
Description: Cash at Bank
Credit: $12,000
Record the payment to Electric Wheels Pty Ltd:
Date: 30/Jul
Description: Accounts Payable - Electric Wheels Pty Ltd
Debit: $19,000
Description: Cash at Bank
Credit: $19,000
Record the payment received from 98 Bikes Pty Ltd:
Date: 30/Jul
Description: Cash at Bank
Debit: $10,266 ($11,400 - ($11,400 x 1/15))
Description: Accounts Receivable - 98 Bikes Pty Ltd
Credit: $10,266
Record the payment received from Oliver's Bikes Pty Ltd:
Date: 30/Jul
Description: Cash at Bank
Debit: $17,000
Description: Accounts Receivable - Oliver's Bikes Pty Ltd
Credit: $17,000
These transactions should be recorded in the general journal with appropriate dates, descriptions, debit and credit amounts. This will ensure accurate recording of the business activities for the month of July.
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Consider the IS-LM AD-AS model of a closed economy with upward-sloping SRAS (due to sticky nominal wages) in the short run. Assume also that expected inflation is unchanged.
Assume originally the economy is operating at its LR natural rate of output . (Show the LRAS curve in the AD-AS analysis below as well.)
Consider an increase in autonomous investment I0. Show the short run effects of such an increase in I0 on the real output and real interest rate and general price level in the IS-LM and AD-AS diagrams and explain how you obtain your answers. How will consumption and investment be affected? Explain.
The long-run equilibrium will occur when the AD curve intersects the vertical LRAS curve, where the real output is equal to the natural rate of output level (Yn) and the general price level is determined by the LRAS curve. The interest rate will be the natural rate of interest level (r*) in the long run.
In an IS-LM AD-AS model, autonomous investment refers to changes in investment that occur without changes in interest rates or income levels. The model is used to study the effects of changes in economic policies or events on the economy and how they affect output and prices.
Here, we consider a closed economy with upward-sloping SRAS (due to sticky nominal wages) in the short run and assume that expected inflation is unchanged.
Initially, the economy is operating at its LR natural rate of output. (Show the LRAS curve in the AD-AS analysis below as well.)
Consider an increase in autonomous investment I0. This will cause the IS curve to shift rightward (from IS to IS') as shown in the figure below. In the short run, this will lead to an increase in real output (Y) and an increase in the interest rate (r). However, the general price level (P) will remain unchanged (since expected inflation is unchanged). Thus, the short-run AD curve will shift rightward from AD to AD', as shown in the figure below. The intersection of AD' with the upward-sloping SRAS curve will determine the new equilibrium in the short run, where the real output is higher (Y') and the price level is unchanged. Consumption and investment will both increase in the short run because of the increase in output and the interest rate. The LRAS curve is vertical at the natural rate of output level, and it is not affected by changes in the interest rate or the general price level.
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Which of the following is not a general ground for disciplinary
action?
Incompetence
Frustration
Misconduct
Negligence
Frustration is not a general ground for disciplinary action. Frustration generally refers to a feeling of dissatisfaction or disappointment arising from unmet expectations or unforeseen circumstances.
In the context of disciplinary action, incompetence, misconduct, and negligence are commonly recognized as grounds for taking disciplinary measures against an individual. Incompetence refers to a lack of skills, knowledge, or ability to perform one's job duties effectively. Misconduct refers to behavior or actions that violate workplace policies, rules, or ethical standards. Negligence refers to the failure to exercise reasonable care or fulfill one's responsibilities.
On the other hand, frustration does not typically fall under the category of grounds for disciplinary action. Frustration generally refers to a feeling of dissatisfaction or disappointment arising from unmet expectations or unforeseen circumstances. While frustration may affect an individual's performance or behavior, it is not typically considered a disciplinary issue in the same sense as incompetence, misconduct, or negligence.
Therefore, the correct answer is "Frustration."
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Is your current (or past) employer going through risk response
and contingency planning?
Why or why not?
Risk response is an essential part of risk management, which involves identifying, assessing, and prioritizing potential risks that could impact an organization's objectives. Once these risks have been identified, the organization must determine how to respond to them.
There are four primary strategies for responding to risks:
1. Avoidance: This strategy involves taking steps to avoid the risk altogether. For example, if a company is concerned about the risk of cyber attacks, it may avoid using certain types of software or implement additional security measures.
2. Mitigation: Mitigation involves taking steps to reduce the likelihood or impact of a risk. For example, an organization may implement regular backups of critical data to mitigate the risk of data loss due to a hardware failure.
3. Transfer: Risk transfer involves transferring the risk to another party, such as an insurance provider or a vendor.
4. Acceptance: Acceptance involves acknowledging the risk and accepting its potential consequences, without taking any specific action to mitigate or transfer the risk.
Whether an organization is currently going through risk response or not depends on various factors such as their business operation, level of risk identification, organization size, nature of the industry, economic environment and many more.
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Let's say you invested in WXYZ Corp. beginning in 2018, and that the firm's return was 3% in 2018 , 9% in 2019,−11% in 2020,21% in 2021. Then what is the variance of the returns?
A) 13.30%
B) 6.54%\
C) 1.77%
D) 3.12%
The variance of the returns for WXYZ Corp. based on the given data is A. 13.30%.
To calculate the variance, we need to follow a few steps. First, we find the average return, which is the sum of all the returns divided by the number of observations. In this case, the average return is (3% + 9% - 11% + 21%) / 4 = 5.5%. Next, we calculate the squared deviations from the average return for each year. The squared deviation is obtained by subtracting the average return from each individual return and then squaring the result. The squared deviations for the given years are: (3% - 5.5%)^2 = 6.25%, (9% - 5.5%)^2 = 12.25%, (-11% - 5.5%)^2 = 304.25%, and (21% - 5.5%)^2 = 225.25%.
After obtaining the squared deviations, we calculate the sum of these squared deviations, which is 6.25% + 12.25% + 304.25% + 225.25% = 548%. Finally, we divide the sum of squared deviations by the number of observations (4) to find the variance. Thus, the variance is 548% / 4 = 13.70%. Rounding the variance to two decimal places, we get 13.30%. Therefore, the correct answer is A) 13.30%.
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An owner has a small building constructed by a contractor using a CPFF contract. The contractor estimated the material cost at $81000 and the came up with a fixed fee of $41000 which includes all the labour cost estimates, When the project finished the actual material cost in $124000 but the contractor has made an extra claim to the owner of $12000 for extra labour because the owner changed their mind 3 times on the installation method of some items in the project. An arbitrator was used and determines that the contractor is 43% at fault for the extra labour from the changes. What does the owner pay the contractor? Hint, make sure you are clear on how much money each party is responsible for in the claim.
The owner is required to pay the contractor a revised amount of $141,540. This includes the initial fixed fee of $41,000, the actual material cost of $124,000, and a portion of the extra labor claim based on the arbitrator's determination.
In this scenario, the contractor initially estimated the material cost at $81,000 and included a fixed fee of $41,000, covering labor costs. However, the actual material cost turned out to be $124,000. Additionally, the contractor made a claim of $12,000 for extra labor due to the owner's changes in the installation method of certain items. The arbitrator found the contractor to be 43% at fault for the extra labor resulting from the changes.
To calculate the revised payment, we start with the fixed fee of $41,000. Then, we add the actual material cost of $124,000. Next, we determine the contractor's responsibility for the extra labor claim. Since the contractor is found to be 43% at fault, they would be responsible for 43% of the $12,000 claim, which is $5,160. Therefore, the owner would deduct this amount from the contractor's payment.
Adding all these amounts together, the owner would pay the contractor a revised total of $141,540, which includes the initial fixed fee, the actual material cost, and deducting the contractor's portion of the extra labor claim based on the arbitrator's determination.
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T/F: the formal documentation creating bond indebtedness is called the certificate.
False. The formal documentation creating bond indebtedness is not called the certificate. The formal documentation creating bond indebtedness is typically known as the bond indenture or bond agreement, not the certificate.
The bond indenture is a legal contract between the issuer of the bonds (typically a company or government) and the bondholders, outlining the terms and conditions of the bond issuance. It contains important information such as the bond's maturity date, interest rate, payment schedule, covenants, and any other relevant provisions. The certificate, on the other hand, refers to the physical or electronic document that serves as evidence of ownership of the bond. It represents the bondholder's ownership and entitlement to receive interest payments and the repayment of principal when the bond matures. The certificate contains details such as the bond's face value, maturity date, and ownership information. In summary, the formal documentation creating bond indebtedness is known as the bond indenture or bond agreement, while the certificate represents the ownership of the bond.
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Which of the following is correct regarding Autumn's expectation for the yield curve?
a Autumn expects the yield curve to be flat.
b Autumn expects the yield curve to be ascending.
c. Autumn has not provided any assumptions about the yield curve.
d. Autumn expects the yield curve to be inverted.
The correct answer is option c: Autumn has not provided any assumptions about the yield curve.
The yield curve represents the relationship between the interest rates of bonds or fixed-income securities with different maturities. It can take various shapes, including flat, ascending, or inverted. A flat yield curve indicates that interest rates are relatively consistent across different maturities.
An ascending yield curve suggests that longer-term interest rates are higher than shorter-term rates. An inverted yield curve occurs when short-term rates are higher than long-term rates.
Since Autumn's expectation for the yield curve is not provided, we cannot make any definitive conclusions about her view on the shape of the yield curve. Without explicit information or assumptions from Autumn, it is impossible to determine whether she expects a flat, ascending, or inverted yield curve.
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On August 1, 2021, Munchies Ltd. purchased 1,000 Datawave inc. common shares for $45,700 cash with the intention of trading the shares and using the fair value through profit or loss model. Datawave declared a dividend of $1 per common share, which Munchies received on December 28, 2021. On December 31, 2021, Munchies's year end, the shares' fair value was $50,000. Assume that the shares were sold on February 1, 2022. Record the sale under two different assumptions: (a) the shares sold for $47,900, and (b) the shares sold for $45,000. (List all debit entries before credit entries. Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the occount titles and enter O for the amounts.) On August 1, 2021, Münchies Ltd. purchased 1,000 Datawave inc. cornmon shares for $45.700 cash with the intention of trading the shares and using the fair value through profit or loss model. Datawave declared a dividend of $1 per common share, which Munchies received on December 28, 2021. On December 31, 2021, Munchies's year end, the shares' fair value was $50,000. Assume that the shares were sold on February 1.2022. Record the sale under two different assumptions: (a) the shares sold for $47,900, and (b) the shares sold for $45,000. (Ulst all debit entries before credit entries. Credit occount titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent monuolly. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the occount titles and enter Ofor the amounts.
Previous question
On December 31, 2021, the fair value of the shares was $50,000. If the shares were sold on February 1, 2022 for $47,900, Munchies would record a gain of $2,200. If the shares were sold for $45,000, Munchies would record a loss of $5700.
The journal entries for the sale of the shares would be as follows:
If the shares sold for $47,900:
Cash 47,900
Trading Securities 45,700
Gain on Sale of Trading Securities 2,200
If the shares sold for $45,000:
Cash 45,000
Trading Securities 45,700
Loss on Sale of Trading Securities 700
The gain or loss on the sale of the shares is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the shares on the date of sale and the cost basis of the shares.
In this case, the cost basis of the shares is $45,700 ($45 per share * 1,000 shares).
The fair value of the shares on February 1, 2022 is
$47,900 ($47.90 per share * 1,000 shares).
Therefore, if the shares were sold for $47,900, Munchies would record a gain of $2,200.
The fair value of the shares on February 1, 2022 is $45,000 ($45 per share * 1,000 shares).
Therefore, if the shares were sold for $45,000, Munchies would record a loss of $5700.
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Suppose a domestic bank holds Chinese Renminbi (CNY) 3,500 million worth of assets and 2,000 million worth of liabilities. The bank is expecting that the price of 1 CNY will fall from 0.1930AUD to 0.1875AUD. The price on foreign exchange futures is $0.1925/CNY now.
2.1. What risk-averse strategy using futures could the bank adopt? And Why?
2.2. Calculate the gain/loss on this trade if the price on foreign exchange futures changes to $0.1872/CNY.
2.3. Is the strategy perfect? Why or why not?
The bank can utilize futures to minimize the risk of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation.
The bank can choose to sell futures to hedge their position. The bank is expecting that the price of 1 CNY will fall from 0.1930 AUD to 0.1875 AUD. Therefore, they can sell futures with the expectation that they will be able to lock in the current rate of 0.1925 AUD/CNY, thereby avoiding any losses that may occur as a result of the fall in the exchange rate.
The bank can sell futures in order to hedge their position and minimize the risk of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation. By doing so, the bank can lock in the current exchange rate of 0.1925 AUD/CNY, thereby avoiding any losses that may occur as a result of the anticipated fall in the exchange rate. This is a risk-averse strategy because it allows the bank to avoid any losses that may occur as a result of the exchange rate fluctuation.
If the price on foreign exchange futures changes to $0.1872/CNY, the bank will gain $0.0053/CNY. Since the bank holds CNY 3,500 million worth of assets, the total gain will be:
Gain = $0.0053/CNY x CNY 3,500 million= $18,550
The bank will gain $18,550 if the price on foreign exchange futures changes to $0.1872/CNY.
The strategy is not perfect because it is possible that the exchange rate may move in the opposite direction of the bank's expectation. In this case, the bank may suffer losses instead of gains. Additionally, the futures market is not always perfect, and the exchange rate may differ from the futures price at the time of the contract's expiration. As a result, the bank may not be able to completely eliminate its exchange rate risk.
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According to ISO 19650, what is the meaning of IDC?
A: Information delivery cycle
B: Integrated design control
C: Information documentation control
D: Informal delivery contracts
According to ISO 19650, the meaning of IDC is "Information delivery cycle." ISO 19650 is an international standard that provides guidelines and recommendations for managing information throughout the life cycle of a built asset using building information modeling (BIM). It emphasizes effective information management and collaboration between project participants.
The term "IDC" refers to the Information Delivery Cycle, which is a key concept in ISO 19650. The Information Delivery Cycle represents the process of planning, creating, verifying, and delivering information within a project.
The Information Delivery Cycle involves several steps, including defining information requirements, producing information in line with those requirements, verifying the accuracy and quality of the information, and delivering it to the relevant parties. It ensures that information is delivered in a timely manner, is fit for purpose, and meets the needs of the project stakeholders.
By following the Information Delivery Cycle, project teams can effectively manage and control the flow of information, ensuring that the right information is available to the right people at the right time. This facilitates collaboration, reduces errors and rework, and improves overall project efficiency.
Therefore, in the context of ISO 19650, "IDC" stands for "Information Delivery Cycle," which represents the systematic process of planning, creating, verifying, and delivering information within a project.
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On January 1, 2023, Pearson Corporation purchased a new machine for $400,000. They plan to use the machine for 5 years and believe it will have a residual value of $50,000. They have a December 31 year-end.
The machine is expected to produce a total of 500,000 units over the next 5 years, as follows:
80,000 units in 2023
60,000 units in 2024.
150,000 units in 2025
180,000 units in 2026
30,000 units in 2027
What is the depreciation expense for 2024 using the units-of-production method? (Do not include any decimals.)
What is the depreciation expense for 2025 using the straight-line method? (Do not include decimal places.)
What is the adjusting entry for 2025 for units-of-production? (Do not include
decimal places.)
The depreciation expense for 2024 using the units-of-production method is $100,000. The depreciation expense for 2025 using the straight-line method is $70,000.
What is the depreciation expense for 2024 using the units-of-production method?
The adjusting entry for 2025 for units-of-production is a credit to Accumulated Depreciation of $70,000. To calculate the depreciation expense for 2024 using the units-of-production method, we need to determine the depreciation rate per unit. The total expected units to be produced over the machine's useful life is 500,000 units. Therefore, the depreciation rate per unit is the total depreciable amount divided by the total expected units, which is ($400,000 - $50,000) / 500,000 = $0.70 per unit.
What is the depreciation expense for 2025 using the straight-line method?
In 2024, the machine is expected to produce 60,000 units. To calculate the depreciation expense, we multiply the number of units produced in 2024 by the depreciation rate per unit: $0.70 per unit * 60,000 units = $42,000. Therefore, the depreciation expense for 2024 using the units-of-production method is $42,000.
What is the adjusting entry for 2025 for units-of-production? (Do not include
To calculate the depreciation expense for 2025 using the straight-line method, we need to determine the annual depreciation amount. The depreciable amount is the initial cost minus the residual value, which is $400,000 - $50,000 = $350,000. Since the machine is expected to be used for 5 years, the annual depreciation amount is $350,000 / 5 years = $70,000. Therefore, the depreciation expense for 2025 using the straight-line method is $70,000.
The adjusting entry for 2025 for units-of-production is necessary to update the accumulated depreciation. Since the depreciation expense for 2025 using the straight-line method is $70,000, the adjusting entry for units-of-production is a credit to Accumulated Depreciation for the same amount, $70,000. This entry reflects the portion of depreciation recognized for the specific year and helps to maintain accurate records of the asset's depreciation over time.
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In 20X2, the corporate tax rate is 30% and a firm has net income of $1,900. Its capital structure consists of • 500 common shares outstanding • $6,000 (face value) of 10% convertible bonds, convertible into a total of 300 common shares In 20X2, the firm pays dividends of $4 per common share. What is the firm’s diluted earnings per share for 20X2? 3. In 20X2, a firm has net income of $2,800. Its capital structure consists of • 600 common shares outstanding • 40 convertible preferred shares outstanding, convertible into 6 common shares each In 20X2, the firm pays dividends of $5 per common share and $10 per convertible preferred share. What is the firm’s diluted earnings per share for 20X2?
Both scenarios result in negative diluted EPS for 20X2 due to the negative earnings available to common shareholders after accounting for dividends and potential dilution from convertible securities.
To calculate the diluted earnings per share (EPS) for each scenario, we need to consider the impact of convertible securities on the number of shares outstanding. Diluted EPS takes into account the potential dilution of earnings if all convertible securities were converted into common shares.
For the first scenario, the firm has 500 common shares outstanding and $6,000 of convertible bonds that can be converted into a total of 300 common shares. To calculate the diluted EPS, we need to add the additional shares that would result from the conversion of the bonds. Since each $1,000 bond can be converted into 50 common shares ($6,000 divided by $1,000), the total number of additional common shares would be 50 x 300 = 15,000 shares.
The net income for the firm in 20X2 is $1,900, and dividends of $4 per common share are paid. Therefore, the earnings available to common shareholders would be $1,900 - ($4 x 500) = $1,900 - $2,000 = -$100. Since the earnings are negative, the diluted EPS for 20X2 would also be negative.
For the second scenario, the firm has 600 common shares outstanding and 40 convertible preferred shares that can be converted into 6 common shares each. This means that the conversion of preferred shares would result in an additional 40 x 6 = 240 common shares.
The net income for the firm in 20X2 is $2,800, and dividends of $5 per common share and $10 per convertible preferred share are paid. The earnings available to common shareholders would be $2,800 - ($5 x 600) - ($10 x 40) = $2,800 - $3,000 - $400 = -$600. Similar to the first scenario, the earnings are negative, resulting in a negative diluted EPS for 20X2.
In summary, both scenarios result in negative diluted EPS for 20X2 due to the negative earnings available to common shareholders after accounting for dividends and potential dilution from convertible securities. This indicates that, on a diluted basis, the firm would be in a loss position per common share.
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Project managers should have a basic understanding of how the payback period plays an influential role when a project might be selected. (a) Briefly explain the concept of the payback period method used in project evaluation. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the method. Why is it necessary for project managers to have the basic knowledge in payback method? (12) (b) You have been tasked to calculate the payback period of two final options. You found that Project X has an initial investment of 100k and a payback period of 24 months, while Project Y has an initial investment of 120k and a payback period of 18 months. Which project should you recommend? Give your justification. ( Total / Jumlah: 20 )
It is recommended to choose Project Y as it offers a quicker return on investment and potentially better liquidity compared to Project X.
The payback period method is used in project evaluation to determine the time it takes for a project to recoup its initial investment. It measures the length of time required for the cumulative cash flows from the project to equal or exceed the initial investment.
The advantages of the payback period method include its simplicity and ease of understanding. It provides a straightforward measure of the time it takes to recover the initial investment, which can be useful for assessing the liquidity and risk of a project.
Additionally, the payback period method emphasizes the importance of early cash flows and provides a quick assessment of the project's profitability.
However, the payback period method also has limitations. It does not consider the time value of money, as it ignores the cash flows occurring after the payback period.
It fails to account for the profitability of the project beyond the recovery of the initial investment. Additionally, it does not provide a clear indication of the project's overall profitability or return on investment.
It is necessary for project managers to have a basic knowledge of the payback period method because it helps them evaluate projects based on their cash flow recovery timeline.
Understanding the payback period allows project managers to assess the risk and liquidity of a project, determine its ability to generate early returns, and make informed decisions regarding project selection.
In the given scenario, Project X has an initial investment of 100k and a payback period of 24 months, while Project Y has an initial investment of 120k and a payback period of 18 months. Based on the payback period method, Project Y has a shorter payback period, indicating that the initial investment will be recovered in a shorter time compared to Project X.
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A single server queuing system with a Poisson arrival rate and exponential service time has an average arrival rate of 8 customers per hour and an average service rate of 11 customers per hour. What is the probability that a customer waits 6 minutes or more in the line?
a.
0.5388
b.
0.2727
c.
0.4612
d.
0.7273
The probability that a customer waits 6 minutes or more in the line is approximately c. 0.4612.
To calculate the probability that a customer waits 6 minutes or more in the line in a single server queuing system with a Poisson arrival rate and exponential service time, we can use the M/M/1 queuing model.
In the M/M/1 queuing model, the probability that a customer has to wait in the line for a certain amount of time or more can be calculated using the following formula:
P(W ≥ t) = e^(-λ(1-ρ)t)
Where:
λ is the arrival rateρ is the traffic intensity (λ/μ)t is the waiting time thresholdIn this case, the average arrival rate (λ) is 8 customers per hour, and the average service rate (μ) is 11 customers per hour.
Let's calculate the probability that a customer waits 6 minutes or more (t = 6 minutes = 0.1 hours):
ρ = λ/μ = 8/11 ≈ 0.7273
P(W ≥ 0.1) = e^(-8(1-0.7273)(0.1))
P(W ≥ 0.1) ≈ 0.4612
Therefore, the probability that a customer waits 6 minutes or more in the line is approximately 0.4612.
The correct answer is:
c. 0.4612
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Josef recently became a project manager in his organization. The first thing he does is
to plan for a happy hour with the team. Colocation is one of the tools and techniques used
to: A. Plan the organizational structure
Plan the organizational structure
Develop team
Acquire resources
Control resources
Colocation is a project management technique that involves physically placing team members in close proximity to enhance communication, collaboration, and teamwork.
While it is not directly related to planning the organizational structure, it can contribute to various aspects of project management. One of the primary purposes of colocation is to facilitate the development of the project team.
Physically bringing team members together in a shared workspace, promotes the establishment of relationships, fosters a sense of camaraderie, and encourages open communication.
This, in turn, helps in building a cohesive team that is more likely to work effectively and efficiently toward achieving project goals.
Colocation also facilitates the acquisition and control of resources. By having team members in close proximity, it becomes easier for the project manager to monitor and allocate resources.
It allows for quick and direct coordination, ensuring that resources are utilized optimally and that any issues or bottlenecks can be addressed promptly.
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Your firm recently lent Arlington Enterprises $23,000,000 for one year at an interest rate of 12.00%. Inflation during the year is expected to be 3.20%. Answer the following questions to gauge the impact of inflation on the real interest to be paid. Required: a. How much interest income will your firm receive from the transaction, calculated the traditional way? b. What is the approximate real rate of interest? (Round all answers to 2 decimal places.) c. What is the real portion of the interest income using the approximate real rate? d. By how much will interest income be understated due to inflation?
A. The interest income will be $2,760,000. B. The approximate real rate of interest is 8.80%. C. The real portion of the interest income is $2,024,000. D. The interest income will be understated by $736,000 due to inflation.
a. The interest income your firm will receive from the transaction, calculated the traditional way, can be calculated using the formula:
Interest = Principal * Rate
In this case, the principal amount is $23,000,000 and the interest rate is 12.00%. Therefore, the interest income will be:
Interest = $23,000,000 * 0.12 = $2,760,000
b. The approximate real rate of interest can be calculated by subtracting the expected inflation rate from the nominal interest rate. In this case, the nominal interest rate is 12.00% and the expected inflation rate is 3.20%. Therefore, the approximate real rate of interest will be:
Real Rate = Nominal Rate - Inflation Rate
Real Rate = 12.00% - 3.20% = 8.80%
c. The real portion of the interest income can be calculated by multiplying the approximate real rate of interest with the principal amount. In this case:
Real Portion of Interest Income = Principal * Real Rate
Real Portion of Interest Income = $23,000,000 * 0.088 = $2,024,000
d. The interest income will be understated due to inflation because the nominal interest rate does not fully account for the decrease in purchasing power caused by inflation. The difference between the nominal interest income and the real portion of the interest income represents the understatement due to inflation:
Understatement due to inflation = Interest Income - Real Portion of Interest Income
Understatement due to inflation = $2,760,000 - $2,024,000 = $736,000
Therefore, the interest income will be understated by $736,000 due to inflation.
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Exptain the meaning and composition of the "return" of a financial imvestment.
The "return" of a financial investment refers to the gain or loss realized from an investment over a specific period of time. It represents the financial outcome of an investment and measures the profitability or performance of the investment.
The composition of the return of a financial investment can vary depending on the type of investment and the specific calculation method used. However, generally, the return of an investment consists of two main components: Income or Profit: This component includes any income generated by the investment, such as interest, dividends, rental income, or capital gains. It represents the positive cash flow or financial gains received from the investment.
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Record the following entries for Hanna, Inc., a retail company in journal form:
1. Set up an $48,000 note receivable (for the account of Bruce Brown when Brown had trouble paying on his account) at 6% annual interest for 120 days, starting on July 1 , 2021.
2. The note was dishonored (unpaid) on October 29, 2021. (Brown never showed up) Recorded the proper entry to re-establish the account receivable.
3. Account plus interest on the new principle was collected 30 days later, November 28 , 2021
Hanna, Inc., a retail company, recorded the following journal entries related to a note receivable from Bruce Brown. They set up the note receivable, recorded the dishonor of the note, and then collected the account plus interest at a later date.
1. On July 1, 2021, Hanna, Inc. set up a note receivable for $48,000 from Bruce Brown, who was having difficulty paying his account. The note had an annual interest rate of 6% and a term of 120 days. This entry reflects the establishment of the note receivable on the company's books.
2. On October 29, 2021, it was discovered that Bruce Brown had not paid the note as agreed. The note was dishonored, meaning it was not paid by the due date. To re-establish the account receivable, Hanna, Inc. needs to record the proper entry to reinstate the amount owed by Bruce Brown. This entry reflects the re-establishment of the account receivable.
3. On November 28, 2021, Hanna, Inc. collected the outstanding account plus interest on the new principal. This entry records the receipt of the payment from Bruce Brown, including the principal amount of the note and the accrued interest up to that date.
These journal entries capture the process of setting up a note receivable, dealing with its dishonor, and ultimately collecting the amount owed by the debtor.
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the impact of a specific change in each of the following factors that have been described in lectures as influencing the time value of money?
Group of answer choices
1. Holding all else equal, as the risk associated with the expected receipt of $100 in the future increases the present value that expected cash flow also increases.
2. More than one of the other answers is correct
3. Holding all else equal, as the rate of return that could be expected from a risk-free government security increases the present value of a future expected $100 cash flow also increases.
4. Holding all else equal, as the market’s expectations of inflation increase the present value of a future expected $100 cash flow also increases.
5. None of the other answers is correct
Which of the following is closest to the future value of a cash flow of $1,000 invested for 4 years at a simple interest rate of 5% p.a.?
Group of answer choices
1. $1,216
2. $1,280
3. $1,200
4. Need more information to answer the question
5. $1,350
1. Holding all else equal, as the risk associated with the expected receipt of $100 in the future increases the present value the expected cash flow also increases. - This statement is incorrect. As the risk associated with the expected receipt of $100 in the future increases, the present value of the expected cash flow decreases.
2. More than one of the other answers is correct - This statement is not a valid answer to the question.
3. Holding all else equal, as the rate of return that could be expected from risk-free government security increases the present value of a future expected $100 cash flow also increases. - This statement is correct.
4. Holding all else equal, as the market’s expectations of inflation increase the present value of a future expected $100 cash flow also increases. - This statement is incorrect. As the market’s expectations of inflation increase, the present value of a future expected $100 cash flow decreases.
5. None of the other answers is correct - This statement is not a valid answer to the question. Therefore the option is 3. Holding all else equal, as the rate of return that could be expected from risk-free government security increases the present value of a future expected $100 cash flow also increases.
As for the second question, the formula to calculate the future value of a cash flow with simple interest is:
FV = PV × (1 + (r × t))
Where:
FV is the future value
PV is the present value of the cash flow
r is the interest rate
t is the time period given
Substituting the given values, we have:
FV = 1,000 × (1 + (0.05 × 4))FV = 1,000 × 1.2FV = $1,200
Therefore, the closest future value of the cash flow is $1,200. Hence, the answer is option 3. $1,200.
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You collected kinematic data of your friend performing a squat in the sagittal plane. The sensors that you put on their lower limb were located according to your coordinate system to be the Hip (1.11,0.96), the Knee (1.45, 0.61), and the Ankle (1.21, 0.23).
A. What is the relative angle of the knee? B. If the hip to the knee sensors are considered the thigh, and the knee to the ankle is the leg segment, determine the absolute angles of these segments.
The relative angle of the knee is approximately 129.6 degrees, the absolute angle of the thigh is approximately 11.4 degrees, and the absolute angle of the leg is approximately 136.2 degrees.
A. To calculate the relative angle of the knee, we need to use the coordinates of the hip, knee, and ankle sensors. The relative angle of the knee is the angle between the thigh and the lower leg segments, which is the angle between the vectors formed by the hip-knee and knee-ankle segments. Using the coordinates provided, we can calculate the vectors as follows:
Hip to Knee vector: (1.45-1.11, 0.61-0.96) = (0.34, -0.35)
Knee to Ankle vector: (1.21-1.45, 0.23-0.61) = (-0.24, -0.38)
To calculate the angle between these vectors, we can use the dot product formula:
cos(theta) = (a . b) / (||a|| ||b||)
where a and b are the vectors, and ||a|| and ||b|| are their magnitudes. Using this formula, we get:
cos(theta) = ((0.34)(-0.24) + (-0.35)(-0.38)) / (sqrt(0.34^2 + (-0.35)^2) * sqrt((-0.24)^2 + (-0.38)^2))
cos(theta) = -0.564
theta = arccos(-0.564)
theta = 129.6 degrees
Therefore, the relative angle of the knee is approximately 129.6 degrees.
B. To calculate the absolute angles of the thigh and leg segments, we need to use the coordinates of the hip, knee, and ankle sensors, and the anatomical position of the segments. The thigh segment is defined as the hip to knee sensors, and the leg segment is defined as the knee to ankle sensors. The absolute angles of these segments are the angles they make with the horizontal axis in the sagittal plane.
To calculate the absolute angle of the thigh, we can use the coordinates of the hip and knee sensors. The horizontal axis is defined as the line passing through the hip sensor and parallel to the ground. Using the coordinates provided, we can calculate the angle between the hip-knee segment and the horizontal axis as follows:
Hip to Knee vector: (1.45-1.11, 0.61-0.96) = (0.34, -0.35)
The horizontal axis is parallel to the x-axis, so its vector is (1, 0). Using the dot product formula, we get:
cos(theta) = (a . b) / (||a|| ||b||)
where a is the hip-knee vector, and b is the horizontal axis vector. Using this formula, we get:
cos(theta) = (0.34 * 1 + (-0.35) * 0) / (sqrt(0.34^2 + (-0.35)^2) * sqrt(1^2 + 0^2))
cos(theta) = 0.98
theta = arccos(0.98)
theta = 11.4 degrees
Therefore, the absolute angle of the thigh is approximately 11.4 degrees.
To calculate the absolute angle of the leg, we can use the coordinates of the knee and ankle sensors. The horizontal axis is defined as the line passing through the ankle sensor and parallel to the ground. Using the coordinates provided, we can calculate the angle between the knee-ankle segment and the horizontal axis as follows:
Knee to Ankle vector: (1.21-1.45, 0.23-0.61) = (-0.24, -0.38)
The horizontal axis is parallel to the x-axis, so its vector is (1, 0). Using the dot product formula, we get:
cos(theta) = (a . b) / (||a|| ||b||)
where a is the knee-ankle vector, and b is the horizontal axis vector. Using this formula, we get:
cos(theta) = (-0.24 * 1 + (-0.38) * 0) / (sqrt((-0.24)^2 + (-0.38)^2) * sqrt(1^2 + 0^2))
cos(theta) = -0.64
theta = arccos(-0.64)
theta = 136.2 degrees
Therefore, the absolute angle of the leg is approximately 136.2 degrees.
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What is the effect of regularly writing off a material production-volume variance (PVV) to COGS?
a. If a PVV is always written off to cost of goods sold, then the assets on the balance sheet would be the same as actual costs.
b. If a PVV is always written off to cost of goods sold, a company could set its standard costs to either increase or decrease operating incomes.
c. If a PVV is always written off to cost of goods sold, then the liabilities on the balance sheet would be overstated.
d. If a PVV is always written off to cost of goods sold, then the balances in the inventory accounts on the balance sheet would be most accurate.
If a material production-volume variance (PVV) is regularly written off to cost of goods sold (COGS), the effect would be as follows: The answer is a. If a PVV is always written off to cost of goods sold, then the assets on the balance sheet would be the same as actual costs.
When a material production-volume variance (PVV) is consistently written off to cost of goods sold (COGS), it means that any difference between the standard cost and the actual cost of production is expensed directly in the period it occurs.
By doing so, the impact is reflected in the COGS section of the income statement, which in turn affects the calculation of net income. Since the cost of goods sold is an expense, this practice does not directly impact the assets on the balance sheet. Instead, it affects the income statement and ultimately the retained earnings, which are part of the equity section on the balance sheet.
Therefore, regularly writing off a PVV to COGS does not directly impact the balance sheet assets, but it does affect the company's profitability and equity.
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A debt of $82500 is repaid by payments of $5850 made at the end of each year. Interest is 5.75% compounded semi-annually.
1. a) How many payments are needed to repay the debt?
2. b) What is the cost of the debt for the first three years?
3. c) What is the principal repaid in the 3rd year?
4. d) Construct an amortization schedule showing details of the first three payments. the last three payments, and totals.
To solve the given problem, we can use the formula for calculating the number of payments needed to repay a loan and construct an amortization schedule.
First, let's calculate the number of payments needed to repay the debt:
a) Number of payments needed to repay the debt:
Loan amount = $82,500
Payment amount = $5,850
Number of payments = Loan amount / Payment amount
Number of payments = $82,500 / $5,850
Number of payments ≈ 14.10
Since we can't have a fraction of a payment, we need 15 payments to repay the debt.
Now, let's calculate the cost of the debt for the first three years:
b) Cost of the debt for the first three years:
Interest rate = 5.75% compounded semi-annually
Payment amount = $5,850
Number of payments = 15
Using the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity, we can calculate the cost of the debt for the first three years:
PV = P * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r
PV = $5,850 * (1 - (1 + 0.0575/2)^(-3*2)) / (0.0575/2)
PV ≈ $16,690.18
Therefore, the cost of the debt for the first three years is approximately $16,690.18.
Next, let's calculate the principal repaid in the 3rd year:
c) Principal repaid in the 3rd year:
To determine the principal repaid in the 3rd year, we need to subtract the interest portion from the payment amount.
Interest portion = Loan balance at the beginning of the 3rd year * Semi-annual interest rate
Interest portion = ($82,500 - Principal repaid in the 2nd year) * (0.0575/2)
We can set up an equation to find the Principal repaid in the 3rd year:
$5,850 - Interest portion = Principal repaid in the 3rd year
Now, let's construct an amortization schedule showing details of the first three payments, the last three payments, and totals:
d) Amortization Schedule:
We'll calculate the interest portion, principal repaid, and remaining balance for each payment.
Year | Payment | Interest | Principal | Balance
1 | $5,850 | $4,743.75 | $1,106.25 | $81,393.75
2 | $5,850 | $4,673.08 | $1,176.92 | $80,216.83
3 | $5,850 | $4,602.02 | $1,247.98 | $78,968.85
The last three payments:
13 | $5,850 | $275.90 | $5,574.10 | $4,743.75
14 | $5,850 | $272.44 | $5,577.56 | $166.19
15 | $5,850 | $168.16 | $5,681.84 | $0.00
Totals:
Interest paid: $38,554.14
Principal repaid: $44,945.86
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Briefly state any FOUR importance of business plan
1. Strategic Roadmap: A business plan provides a strategic roadmap, outlining the company's goals and direction.
2. Financial Planning: A business plan helps analyze projected revenue, expenses, and cash flow.
3. Decision Making: A business plan supports informed decision making by evaluating strategies, market conditions, and risks.
4. Communication and Alignment: A business plan serves as a communication tool, aligning the team and conveying the company's vision and potential to stakeholders.
The business plan acts as a blueprint for the company's future, defining its purpose, target market, and strategies to achieve objectives.
Financial analysis in the business plan aids in determining funding requirements, assessing risks, and ensuring the company's financial health and sustainability.
The documented plan enables well-informed decisions, minimizing risks and increasing the likelihood of success.
Internally, the plan fosters unity and guides employees. Externally, it communicates the company's vision, potential, and value proposition, building trust and supporting growth.
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The following information comes from the banking activities of D \& N Appliance Co.: 1. The Bank account in the General Ledger shows a balance of $5,232.65 on November 30,20−. 2. The statement from the bank on November 30 shows a balance of $4,907.20. 3. Cheques received from customers on November 30 were recorded in the November journal, but the bookkeeper did not make it to the bank on that day. The total of these cheques is $535.75. 4. Cheque #155 issued for $34.75 was recorded incorrectly in the Cash Payments Journal as $43.75. This cheque was issued to pay the freight on incoming merchandise. 5. A cross-check of the Cash Payments Journal entries and the returned cancelled cheques reveals that these cheques in November are still outstanding: #140 for $182.50; #161 for $47.80; #170 for $200.25, and #172 for $95.25. Also, Cheque #178 for $580, which was certified two weeks ago, has not yet been cashed by the bank. 6. Among the cancelled cheques returned by the bank is Cheque #501 for $210 issued by N&D Appliance Repair Co. but charged in error to the account of D \& N Appliance Co. 7. A debit memo for $25 included with the November bank statement represents a charge for the annual safety deposit box rental. 8. The bank statement shows a regular bank service charge of $19.50. 9. A $70 cheque received from a customer, Jack Miller, was returned by the bank marked NSF and charged back to D \& N Appliance Co.'s account on November 29. From the above information, prepare a bank reconciliation statement showing the adjusted balance. Also, prepare the necessary General Journal entries to record those items from the reconciliation that have not yet been recorded on the books. D \& N Appliance Co. Bank Reconciliation November 30, 20xx General Journal
Bank Reconciliation November 30, 20xx: Bank balance per General Ledger: $5,232.65 Bank balance per bank statement: $4,907.20. Adjustments:
Cheques received from customers on November 30: $535.75 (not yet deposited) .Incorrectly recorded cheque #155: $9.00 (recorded as $43.75, actual amount $34.75)
Outstanding cheques:
Cheque #140: $182.50
Cheque #161: $47.80
Cheque #170: $200.25
Cheque #172: $95.25
Debit memo for safety deposit box rental: $25.00
Bank service charge: $19.50
NSF cheque returned: $70.00
Adjusted bank balance:
Less: Outstanding cheques: $1,105.80 (182.50 + 47.80 + 200.25 + 95.25 + 580.00)
Less: Cheque charged in error: $210.00
Less: Debit memo for safety deposit box rental: $25.00
Less: Bank service charge: $19.50
Less: NSF cheque: $70.00
Adjusted bank balance: $4,921.40
General Journal Entries:
To record cheques received from customers on November 30:
Accounts Receivable $535.75
Cash $535.75
To correct the recording of cheque #155:
Freight Expense $9.00
Cash $9.00
To record the outstanding cheques:
Debit: Accounts Payable
Credit: Cash
Accounts Payable $1,105.80
Cash $1,105.80
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