Chemistry High School

Why
is graphite used in nuclear reactors and describe the passive
safety feature of a GEN IV pebble bed reactor.

Answers

Answer 1

This passive safety feature of the pebble bed reactor ensures that even without any active control systems or operator intervention, the reactor has a built-in safety mechanism that mitigates the risk of overheating.

Neutron Moderator: Graphite has the ability to slow down high-energy neutrons produced during nuclear fission reactions. Neutrons released from nuclear reactions are fast and need to be slowed down to increase the likelihood of their interaction with other fuel nuclei, which is necessary for sustaining the chain reaction. Graphite acts as a neutron moderator by slowing down fast neutrons, making them more effective for sustaining the nuclear chain reaction.

High Temperature Resistance: Graphite has a high melting point and can withstand high temperatures. This makes it suitable for use in nuclear reactors, where temperatures can reach extremely high levels. Graphite's high-temperature resistance ensures that it can maintain its structural integrity and function effectively under the demanding conditions of a nuclear reactor.

Now let's discuss the passive safety feature of a GEN IV pebble bed reactor:

A GEN IV pebble bed reactor employs a passive safety feature known as the "negative temperature coefficient of reactivity." This characteristic ensures that as the temperature of the reactor increases, the reactivity (ability to sustain the chain reaction) decreases. This behavior provides inherent safety against overheating and the potential for runaway reactions.

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Related Questions

why is china so scientific?

Answers

China's scientific prowess is the result of a combination of historical legacy, government support, a strong education system, global competitiveness, and a commitment to international collaboration.

China's emphasis on science and scientific advancements can be attributed to several factors:

1. Historical Legacy: China has a rich history of scientific discoveries and innovations dating back centuries. Ancient Chinese contributions include inventions such as papermaking, gunpowder, compass, and the development of traditional Chinese medicine. This legacy has instilled a cultural appreciation for scientific knowledge and inquiry.

2. Government Support: The Chinese government recognizes the importance of science and technology for economic development and national progress. It has implemented policies and initiatives to promote scientific research, innovation, and education. Significant investments have been made in research and development, infrastructure, and the establishment of scientific institutions and universities.

3. Education System: China has a rigorous education system that places a strong emphasis on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. There is a focus on producing a skilled scientific workforce to drive innovation and economic growth. The country has numerous prestigious universities and research institutions that attract talented students and researchers from both within China and internationally.

4. Global Competitiveness: China's rise as a global economic power has led to a desire to enhance its scientific capabilities and compete with other advanced nations. It recognizes that scientific advancements are key to technological innovation, industrial competitiveness, and addressing societal challenges.

5. International Collaboration: China actively engages in international scientific collaborations and partnerships. It recognizes the value of exchanging knowledge, sharing resources, and collaborating with researchers worldwide. This approach facilitates access to cutting-edge research, global networks, and diverse perspectives.

Overall, China's scientific prowess is the result of a combination of historical legacy, government support, a strong education system, global competitiveness, and a commitment to international collaboration. These factors have contributed to China's significant scientific advancements and its position as a scientific powerhouse.

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