The process's entropy change has the sign ΔSsys > 0
What is Second Law of Thermodynamics?The entropy of an isolated system never decreases, according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
This means that for a process to be spontaneous, the entropy of the system must increase.
This is the theory used in this question to predict the sign of the entropy change for the dissolution process.
In the given question ,
This is an example of a dissolution process, which is an endothermic process because energy is required to break the strong ionic bonds of the solid.
Therefore, the entropy of the system increases as the molecules become more disordered, leading to a positive entropy change, ΔSsys > 0.
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draw the individual amino acids that form this tripeptide. draw the zwitterion forms.
The zwitterion form of a tripeptide would show the zwitterion forms of its three individual amino acids.
The needed diagram is attached below:
Peptides and proteins are made up of amino acids. There are 20 common amino acids that may be used to make peptides. Each amino acid has a core carbon atom known as the alpha carbon, which is linked to an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a distinct side chain R group.
A tripeptide is a peptide that is made up of three amino acids. When an amino acid is in an aqueous solution with a pH equal to its pI, it takes on the zwitterion form (isoelectric point). The amino acid is neutral and exists as a zwitterion at its pI because it contains equal quantities of positive and negative charges.
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Explain in general terms the similarities and differences in the behaviors of different indicator compounds ?
Indicator compounds are substances that change color in light of changes in pH. They are utilized to decide the acidity or basicity of a solution.
Similarities:
All indicators change color in light of changes in pH, demonstrating the presence of an acidic or basic solution.
The color change of most indicators is slow, taking into consideration the constant measurement of pH over a range of values.
Most indicators have an alternate color at the pH at which they are neutral (neither acidic nor basic) and at the pH values that are either acidic or basic.
Differences:
The range of pH over which an indicator changes color can differ. A few indicators might change color over an exceptionally limited range of pH values, while others might change color over a more extensive range.
The specific colors that an indicator exhibits at different pH values can also vary. Some indicators may show several different colors over their range of pH, while others may only show two or three different colors.
The responsiveness of an indicator can likewise shift. A few indicators might display a more perceptible color change at a given pH, while others might have a less articulated change.
In conclusion, while all indicators change color because of changes in pH, the particular range of pH over which they change color, the particular colors they display, and the awareness of their color change can fluctuate between various indicator compounds.
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2KCIO3 --> 2KCI + 302
If 5.0g KCIO3 of is decomposed, how many grams of KCI are producted?
Answer:
The equation shows that for every 1 mole of KCIO3 that is decomposed, 1 mole of KCI is produced.
If 5.0g of KCIO3 is decomposed, we can use the molar mass of KCIO3 to convert that to moles.
Molar mass of KCIO3 = 39 + 35.5 + 3(16) = 138.5 g/mol
5.0g of KCIO3 is equal to (5.0g / 138.5 g/mol) = 0.036 moles
And since 1 mole of KCIO3 produces 1 mole of KCI, 0.036 moles of KCIO3 will produce 0.036 moles of KCI.
To convert that to grams, we use the molar mass of KCI, which is 39 + 35.5 = 74.5 g/mol
So, 0.036 moles of KCI is equal to (0.036 moles * 74.5 g/mol) = 2.69g of KCI.
A gas has a temperature of 14ºC, and a volume of 4.5 liters. If the temperature is raised to 29ºC and the pressure is not changed, what is the new volume of the gas?
The gas's new capacity is 4.8 Liters. A gas has a volume of 4.5 liters and a temperature of 14ºC . When the temperature reaches 29 °C.
What is the variable in the equation for an ideal gas?The ideal gas constant is the name of something like the variable in the equation. The ideal gas equation's choice of units for tension, temperature, and volume affects the classical physics constant's value.
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ (Charles' Law)
T is in Kelvin. Celsius temp plus 273.15 = K
T₁ = 14 +273
= 287 K
T₂ = 29 + 273
= 303 K
4.5 / 287 = V₂ / 303
V₂ = 4.75 L
= 4.8 L
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How many silicon atoms are in each molecule of trisilylamine?
Please answer my question.
The current that is required to deposit 0.175 grams of iron metal in 839 seconds, from a solution 2+ that contains Fe²⁺ ions is 0.718 A.
What current is required to deposit 0.175 grams of iron metal in 839 seconds, from a solution 2+ that contains Fe* ions?The current that is required to deposit 0.175 grams of iron metal in 839 seconds, from a solution 2+ that contains Fe²⁺ ions is calculated as follows;
Moles of Fe in 0.175 grams = 0.175/56
Moles of Fe in 0.175 grams = 0.003125 moles
2 * 96500 C are required to discharge 1 mole of Fe
Quantity of charge required = 2 * 96500 C * 0.003125
Quantity of charge required = 603.125 C
Current = Charge / time
Current = 603.125 / 839
Current required = 0.718 A
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A sample of an ideal gas has a volume of 2.20 L at 282 K and 1.02 atm. Calculate the pressure when the volume is 1.05 L and the temperature is 308 K.
= atm
Considering the combined law equation, the pressure when the volume is 1.05 L and the temperature is 308 K is 2.33 atm.
Boyle's lawBoyle's law states that the pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container, when the temperature is constant.
Mathematically, this law expresses that the product of the pressure by the volume is constant:
P×V= k
where:
P is the pressure.V is the volume.k is a constant.Charles' lawCharles' law states that the volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas when the pressure is constant.
Mathematically, this law establishes that the ratio between volume and temperature is constant:
V÷T=k
where:
V is the volume.T is the temperature.k is a constant.Gay-Lussac's lawGay-Lussac's law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when the volume is constant.
Mathematically, this law establishes that the ratio between pressure and temperature is constant:
P÷T=k
where:
P is the pressure.T is the temperature.k is a constant.Combined law equationCombined law equation is the combination of three gas laws called Boyle's, Charlie's and Gay-Lusac's law:
(P×V)÷T=k
Analyzing an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is fulfilled:
(P₁×V₁)÷T₁= (P₂×V₂)÷T₂
Final pressure in this caseIn this case, you know:
P₁= 1.02 atmV₁= 2.20 LT₁= 282 KP₂= ?V₂= 1.05 LT₂= 308 KReplacing int the combined law equation:
(1.02 atm×2.20 L)÷282 K= (P₂×1.05 L)÷308 K
Solving:
[(1.02 atm×2.20 L)÷282 K] × (308 K÷1.05 L)= P₂
2.33 atm= P₂
In summary, the final pressure is 2.33 atm.
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What is a chemical reaction system?(1 point) Responses everything outside the reaction everything outside the reaction a diagram used to show energy changes in a reaction a diagram used to show energy changes in a reaction the reactants and products in a reaction the reactants and products in a reaction a container in which chemical reactions take place a container in which chemical reactions take place
Answer:
the reactants and products in a reaction
Explanation:
Brainliest pls
Describe the function of gas bladders in macroalgae and explain how it can contribute to the rapid growth of kelp forests.
Answer:
The blades are kept near the surface by tiny floats. These hollow gas-filled bladders are called pneumatocysts. Kelp blades also allow photosynthesis
Explanation:
Balance the chemical equation given below, and calculate the volume of nitrogen monoxide gas produced when 8.00 g of ammonia is reacted with 14.0 g of oxygen at 25°C? The density of nitrogen monoxide at 25°C is 1.23 g/L.
_____ NH3(g) + _____ O2(g) → _____ NO(g) + _____ H2O(l)
The volume of the NO is 8.5 L.
What is the balanced chemical reaction?The balanced chemical reaction equation is given as;
2NH3 (g) + 5/2 O2 (g) → 2NO (g) + 3H2O (l)
Number of moles of the ammonia = 8.00 g /17 g/mol
= 0.47 moles
Number of moles of oxygen = 14.0 g/32 g/mol
= 0.44 moles
If 2 moles of ammonia reacts with 2.5 moles of oxygen
0.47 moles of ammonia reacts with 0.47 * 2.5/2
= 0.59 moles
Oxygen is the limiting reactant here.
2.5 moles of oxygen produces 2 moles of NO
0.44 moles of oxygen would produce 0.44 * 2/2.5
= 0.35 moles
Mass of the NO = 0.35 moles * 30 g/mol
= 10.5 g
Volume of the NO = 10.5g/1.23 g/L
= 8.5 L
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3. Calculate how many grams of NaCl are required to make 100 mL of a 1 M NaCl solution. Show your work in the space below.
Explanation:
To make 100 mL of a 1 M NaCl solution, you need to add 58.44 grams of NaCl (sodium chloride).
The formula for molarity (M) is:
M = m/V
where
m = mass of solute (NaCl)
V = volume of solution (100 mL)
Given that M = 1, we can rearrange the formula to find m:
m = M x V
m = 1 x (0.1 L) x (58.44 g/mol)
m = 58.44 g
So, you need to add 58.44 grams of NaCl to 100 mL of water to make a 1 M NaCl solution.
Suppose a new element with an average atomic mass of 22.826 u is discovered on Mars. This element is composed of two
isotopes. The most abundant isotope has a natural abundance of 79.183% and an isotopic mass of 23.085 u.
Calculate the isotopic mass of the least abundant isotope.
isotopic mass:
u
Average Atomic Mass = (Mass of Isotope 1 x Fractional Abundance of Isotope 1) + (Mass of Isotope 2 x Fractional Abundance of Isotope 2) + ……
How can you figure out which isotope is the most abundant?To identify the most abundant isotopic form of an element, compare the provided isotopes to the periodic table’s weighted average. The three hydrogen isotopes (seen above) are, for example, H-1, H-2, and H-3. Hydrogen’s atomic mass, or weighted average, is around 1.008 amu ( look again at the periodic table).
Bromine (Br) has an atomic mass of 79.90. The primary isotopes are 79 and 81, which add up to the 79.90amu value. The 79 has 44 neutrons, while the 81 has 46. While it has no effect on the normal atomic mass, scientists have created bromine isotopes with masses ranging from 68 to 97.
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Mothballs are composed primarily of the hydrocarbon naphthalene (C10H8 ). When 1.312 g of naphthalene burns in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature rises from 24.710 ∘C to 30.188 ∘C .Find ΔrH for the combustion of naphthalene at 298 K . When considering phase, assume all reactants and products are at 298 K.
Explanation:
To find ΔrH for the combustion of naphthalene, we can use the equation: ΔrH = qp / n
where qp is the heat absorbed by the bomb calorimeter and n is the number of moles of naphthalene.
First, we need to find qp. We can use the formula: qp = mcΔT
where m is the mass of naphthalene, c is the specific heat capacity of the calorimeter, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Given that m = 1.312 g, c = 4.184 J/g°C, and ΔT = 30.188 - 24.710 = 5.478 °C
qp = (1.312 g)(4.184 J/g°C)(5.478 °C) = 27.948 J
Next, we need to convert the mass of naphthalene to moles. We can use the molar mass of naphthalene, which is 128.17 g/mol
n = m / M = 1.312 g / 128.17 g/mol = 0.0103 mol
Finally, we can use the equation ΔrH = qp / n to find ΔrH:
ΔrH = qp / n = 27.948 J / 0.0103 mol = 2713.8 J/mol
Therefore, the ΔrH for the combustion of naphthalene at 298 K is 2713.8 J/mol.
In addition to the 4Ps of marketing, it is also important to consider the sustainability, ethics and social responsibility in the twenty-first century marketplace when launching a campaign. It is important to consider the impact the product, service or campaign has on the environment and the society, how it is produced and how it is marketed to the public. Additionally, understanding the target audience, their demographics and what they value is important to create an effective marketing campaign.
A gasoline molecule contains ___ atoms of carbon and ___ atoms of hydrogen
4-12 , carbon atoms and the boiling range
How many carbon atoms are in a gallon of gasoline?The hydrocarbons in gasoline generally comprise 4-12 carbon atoms and have a boiling range of 30 to 210 °C, whereas diesel fuel has hydrocarbons with 12-20 carbon atoms and a boiling range of 170 to 360 °C.
Hydrocarbons are a type of chemical that exclusively consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs, are those that combine hydrogen with carbon atom rings. Hydrocarbons containing additives, such as gasoline, are also mentioned. Gasoline is a petroleum-derived product that consists of a combination of liquid aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons with carbon atoms ranging from C4 to C12 with a boiling temperature range of 30-225°C.
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Please answer my question.
The reactions C and F are the nonspontaneous reactions.
What is a nonspontaneous reaction?We have to note that a reaction is said to be spontaneous when the reaction can be able to proceed on its own and we do not need to do a further input of energy into the system.
No we know that the kind of redox reaction in which we can have the Ecell as a positive value is the type that we can be able to call a spontaneous reaction and those are the one that have been selected above in the options that we have above.
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Which of the following options correctly describe the general trends in polarizability? Select all that apply.
Anions are larger than their parent atoms and are therefore more polarizable.
The greater the number of electrons a particle has, the greater its polarizability will generally be.
Polarizability increases down a group on the periodic table.
The correct options are: 1. Anions are larger than their parent atoms and are therefore more polarizable. 2. The greater the number of electrons a particle has, the greater its polarizability will generally be. 3. Polarizability increases down a group on the periodic table.
These trends are due to the fact that anions have a higher electron to nucleus ratio, making the electron cloud more susceptible to polarization. Similarly, as the number of electrons increases in an atom, the electron cloud becomes more diffuse, increasing its polarizability.
As the volume inhabited by electrons expands, polarizability rises. This happens in atoms because bigger atoms have less firmly bound electrons compared to smaller atoms, which have more loosely held electrons. Therefore, polarizability on rows of the periodic table decreases from left to right.Finally, as you move down a group in the periodic table, the number of electron shells increases, leading to a more diffuse electron cloud and an increase in polarizability.
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Determine whether each of the examples represents a colligative property or non colligative property
1. freezing point depression
2. density
3. boiling point elevation
4. vapor pressure lowering
5. colour
After Determining each examples, we found that:
Freezing point depression - Colligative propertyDensity - Non colligative propertyBoiling point elevation - Colligative propertyVapor pressure lowering - Colligative propertyColor - Non colligative propertyColligative properties are properties of a solution that depend on the number of solute particles present in the solvent, but not on the chemical identity of the solute. These properties include freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and vapor pressure lowering.
Non-colligative properties, on the other hand, are properties of a solution that depend on the chemical identity of the solute. They are not dependent on the number of solute particles in the solvent. An example of a non-colligative property is density.
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Liquid ammonia has a vapor pressure of 109 mm Hg at -66C and a heat of vaporization of 2.46 x 10^4 J/mol.
Estimate the normal boiling point of ammonia.
It is stated in this query that p above p is the rule when using the Clausius-Claparon equation.
How hot does it get when it boils?According to what I'm going to explain, p not will be our boiling point, and that value will be equal to delta minus. The boiling point is determined by the formula: H, vapor pressure over r 1 over t minus 1 over t not and again t not. Thus, a pressure line can be seen here. According to what we've been told, it is 1 o 9 miles per hour. 680 would enter there, followed by delta h, at a distance of 6080000000 meters from Mercury. The vapourization factor is 2.46. I'm not going to include the units in this section because ideal gas has a constant 8.314 joules per mole.
It is - 66 degrees Celsius when mole kelvin is subtracted from the initial temperature. Since our boiling point would be 2 o 7 kelvin minus 1 over t, that would convert to that value. This will be plugged into my equation using the solver here, which yields 237 kelvin when accounting for t. The boiling point at 680 millimeters of mercury would be minus 273, which gives me a result of minus 36 degrees celsius, and we then translated that to degrees celsius.
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3. How much white soft paraffin and zinc oxide is required to make 300g of the product? Rx Zinc oxide...12% Salicylic acid...1% Starch...15% White soft paraffin q.s to 100%
White soft paraffin is used as a barrier cream, forming an oil layer on the skin's surface to prevent water from evaporating.
Define zinc oxide?
Zinc oxide is a topical medication used to treat or prevent minor skin irritations such as burns, cuts, and diaper rash. Some items can be used as sunscreen.
Zinc Oxide which is also known as Calamine or Zinc White is an inorganic compound. It basically occurs naturally as the mineral zincite. It is mostly manufactured synthetically.
Zinc oxide powders are commonly found in foot powders and makeup. It is also used as an ointment in diaper rash and sun protection products.
Zinc oxide is a sunscreen ingredient derived from minerals. Zinc oxide is ideal for both daily and intense sun exposure due to its ability to block the broadest spectrum of UV light. It protects against both UVA and UVB rays.
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A gas occupies 250 ml when the barometer reads 720 mm. How many milliliters will it occupy when the barometer reads 740 mm?
The volume (in mL) of the gas when the barometer reads 740 mmHg is 243.24 mL
How do I determine the volume of the gas?The following data were obtained from the question given above:
Initial volume of gas (V₁) = 250 mLInitial pressure of barometer (P₁) = 720 mmHg New pressure of barometer (P₂) = 740 mmHgNew volume of gas (V₂) = ?The new volume of the gas can be obtained by using the Boyle's law equation as shown below:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
720 × 250 = 740 × V₂
180000 = 740 × V₂
Divide both sides by 740
V₂ = 180000 / 740
V₂ = 243.24 mL
Thus, we can conclude from the above calculation that the volume is 243.24 mL
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A chemist must dilute 41.6 mL of 3.13 M aqueous sodium thiosulfate (Na2S20,) solution until the concentration falls to 1.00 M. He'll do this by adding distilled water to the solution until it reaches a certain final volume. Calculate this final volume, in liters. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
The final volume of the of the dilute solution is 0.13 L. This is calculated by using dilution equation.
Dilution is defined as the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution by mixing with more solvent like adding more water to the solution. Dilution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute. Dilution decreases the concentration of the solute in the solution. According to the dilution equation,
M1V1 = M2V2
Here, M1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the concentration after mixing or diluting and V2 is the total final volume of the solution.
M1 = 3.13 M
V1 = 41.6 mL
M2 = 1.00 M
V2 = M1V1 / M2
V2 = 3.13 x 41.6 / 1.00
V2 = 130.21 mL
= 0.13 L
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What is the name of a supercontinent that was once made up of all of Earth’s current continents?(1 point) Responses Pangaea Gondwana Laurasia Eurasia
Answer:
The name of the super continent that was once made up of all current continents was Pangea
Explanation:
Butanol is composed of carbon and nitrogen and Oxygen
The formula for butanol is C₄H₁₀O.
How to find this?The subscript for H is 10.
The formula for butanol is C₄HₓO.
x = (6.0 × 10²⁴ H atoms/1 mol butanol)
× (1 mol butanol/6.022 × 10²³ molecules butanol)
= 10 H atoms/molecule butanol
∴ The formula for butanol is C₄H₁₀O.
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Butanol is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. If 1.0 mol of butanol contains 6.0 1024 atoms of hydrogen, what is the subscript for the hydrogen atom in C4H2O?
Need help fast!
Please answer both
Question 6:
Calcium sulfate dihydrate is a chemical compound with the formula CaSO4•2H2O, which means it contains one calcium, one sulfur, four oxygen, and two water molecules. The chemical formula of sodium carbonate is Na2CO3, which means it contains 2 sodium, one carbon and 3 oxygen atoms.
The compound you mentioned contains 4.8 moles of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) which is not a component of Calcium sulfate dihydrate(CaSO4•2H2O) thus the question is invalid.
Question 7:
To find the number of moles of water in the sample, you need to use the molar mass of water. The molar mass of water is 18.02 g/mol.
1.17 g of water / 18.02 g/mol = 0.0649 moles of water
So, the sample contains 0.0649 moles of water.
Sodium acetate trihydrate is chemical compound with the formula CH3COO-Na.3H2O which means it contains one sodium, 2 acetate and 3 water molecules.
Classify the following statements as describing atoms, molecules, or both. drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
Mg and S are atoms, H₂ and SO₃ are molecules and HBr is a molecule.
The smallest component of ordinary stuff that makes up a chemical element is an atom. On the periodic table, they are listed.
An electrically neutral collection of two or more atoms bonded together by chemical bonds is referred to as a molecule.
Mg and SBoth sulfur and magnesium are atoms, and we can both find them on the periodic table.
H₂ and SO₃H₂, a molecule made up of two hydrogen atoms. A molecule known as SO₃ has one sulfur atom and three oxygen atoms.
HBr is A molecule made up of one hydrogen and one bromine atom is called HBr.Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was
Classify the following statements as describing atoms, molecules, or both. drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. a. Mg S b. H2 SO3 c. HBr
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which of the following factors does not influence the strength of an acid?multiple choice question.the number of h atoms bonded to the atom that loses h the strength of the bond to the atom that loses h stability of the conjugate basethe electronegativity of the atom that loses h
C: "Stability of the conjugate base" is a factor that does not influence the strength of an acid.
The strength of an acid is primarily determined by the ease with which it donates a proton (H+) to water, forming hydronium (H3O+) ions. The factors that influence the strength of an acid include:
The number of H atoms bonded to the atom that loses H: The more H atoms bonded to the central atom, the stronger the acid. This is because the bond between the H atom and the central atom becomes more polar, making it easier for the H atom to be donated.The strength of the bond to the atom that loses H: The strength of the bond between the H atom and the central atom also determines the ease with which the H atom can be donated. A weaker bond means that it is easier for the H atom to be released, resulting in a stronger acid.The electronegativity of the atom that loses H: The electronegativity of the central atom determines the polarity of the bond between the H atom and the central atom. A more electronegative central atom will form a more polar bond, making it easier for the H atom to be donated.However, the stability of the conjugate base (the species formed after the H atom has been donated) does not have a significant effect on the strength of an acid. This is because the stability of the conjugate base is largely determined by the stability of the corresponding anion, which is not directly related to the ability of the acid to donate a proton.
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If a substance melts at 114°C and boils at 184°C, what is its physical state at 98°C?
The substances would be liquid at the temperature of 98°C
What is the boiling point?The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes its state to a gas (boils) under standard atmospheric pressure. It varies for different substances.
We know that the liquid range of the object is the temperature range between the melting point and the point where the liquid is changed into gas. Thus we are told that a substance melts at 114°C and boils at 184°C. It would be liquid at the temperature of 98°C
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A motorcycle emits 9.5 g of carbon monoxide per kilometer driven. How many pounds of carbon monoxide does the motorcycle generate over 5.0 years if the motorcycle is driven 15,000 miles per year?
Question options:
A) 2.3 × 104 lb CO
B) 2.5 × 103 lb CO
C) 8.9 × 101 lb CO
D) 9.8 × 102 lb CO
The answer is A) 2.3 × 104 lb CO.
Per mile ridden, the motorcycle emits carbon monoxide(CO)e, we must first change the distance from miles to kilometers. Since 1 kilometer equals 0.621371 miles, 15,000 miles equal 24140.25 km.
The entire amount of CO created can now be calculated by multiplying the emission rate by the distance traveled.
2.28 104 g CO is equal to 9.5 g CO/km * 24140.25 km.
The options in the question are in pounds, thus we must first convert this number to pounds.
If 1 lb is equal to 453.59 g, then 5.03 g CO per 453.59 g/lb equals 2.28 g 104 g CO.
We can state that the result will be 2.3 x 104 pounds of CO by rounding up.
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75 POINTS!!!
Describe the plate movements in a Divergent(Constructive), Convergent (Destructive) and a Transform (Conservative) Plate Margin. (these are also called plate boundaries). Your answer should define these THREE types of margins or boundaries by explaining the type of movement that occurs.
The type of movement that occurs in the plate movement listed above include the following:
A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other.A convergent boundary occurs when lithospheric plates are moving towards one another.Transform boundaries are created when tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally.What is a Tectonic plate?These are gigantic pieces of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle and are made up of oceanic crust and continental crust.
A convergent boundary as the name implies occurs when lithospheric plates are moving towards one another.
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The metal cadmium becomes superconducting at temperatures below 0.56 K Calculate the temperature at which cadmium becomes superconducting in degrees Celsius. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
-269.15 degree Celsius is the temperature at which cadmium becomes superconducting.
When chilled below a threshold temperature, certain materials have the ability to conduct direct current (DC) electricity without losing energy (referred to as Tc). When these materials reach the superconducting state, they also release magnetic fields.
One of nature's most fascinating quantum phenomena is superconductivity. It was found in mercury that had been cooled to liquid helium temperature, or about -452 °F, or only a few degrees above absolute zero, more over 100 years ago.
Early on, scientists were able to describe what happened in superconductivity, but for nearly 50 years, the why and how of superconductivity remained a mystery.
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