The formula of the conjugate base of CH3COOH is CH3COO−. Conjugate base has one less H atom and one more - charge than the acid that formed it.
What is acetic acid?Acetic acid is organic compound with the formula CH3COOH. Acetic acid is an acidic, colorless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula of CH₃COOH. Vinegar is 4% acetic acid by volume, therefore making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water and other elements.
A dilute solution of acetic acid that is produced by fermentation and oxidation of natural carbohydrates is called vinegar whereas salt, ester, or acylal of acetic acid is called acetate.
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treated with one equivalent of N-Bromosuccinimide in The following alkene is bromination product(s) dichloromethane in the presence of light to give pts pts 2 pts line-angle formula for cach product - formed Draw 2 pts 2pts Visited do not have t0 consider stereochemistry: Draw organic products only: Draw one structure per sketcher: Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner: Separate multiple products using the sign from the drop down menu Pravious
Hydrogen's potential as a domestic alternative fuel source, capacity to power fuel cells in zero-emission cars, quick filling time, and hydrogen hashigh efficiency all contribute to its appeal as a transportation fuel.
Important nutritional sources of bromine include grains, nuts, shellfish, and sea salt.
For making bread and other baked items, brominated flour is occasionally used.
The signs and symptoms of poisoning include lacrimation and redness of the eyes, irritation of the nose and throat, coughing, and dyspnea.
Abdominal discomfort, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, and subsequent shock can all result from ingesting liquid bromine.
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complete the mechanism for the electrophilic addition when the alkene is treated with water in acid. a) Use curved arrows to show the attack on the electrophilic hydrogen by the alkene. b) Complete the structure of the carbocation intermediate by adding the missing positive charge.
Alkenes experience electrophilic addition reactions. Cross-bond addition of electrophiles occurs. Because the double bond has a higher electron density and acts as a neucleophile in the given reaction, the H+ is across
What is extremely reactive and what's an example?Since they have a low level of electrons, electrophiles can accept a pair of electrons from species that have a high level of electrons. Carbocations and compounds with carbonyls are two examples. An electron-rich species known as a nucleophile gives electron pairs to other species that lack electrons. Examples include cyanide ions, carbanions, water, ammonia, and more.
Why is a given atom electrophilic?An electrophile is a reagent that accepts two electrons to create a new covalent bond. Let's now discuss electrophilicity, often known as "electron-loving" or "loving negative charge." In order to create a new covalent bond, an electrophile species must receive two electrons.
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using average bond enthalpies (linked above), estimate the enthalpy change for the following reaction: 2hbr(g) cl2(g)2hcl(g) br2(g) kj
The enthalpy changes occurrence is 53.35 kJ.
What is enthalpy?
Enthalpy is a property or state function that is similar to energy; it has dimensions similar to energy (and is thus measured in units of joules or ergs), and its value is solely dependent on the temperature, pressure, and composition of the system, rather than on its history.
What is bond?
In molecules, atoms are joined by chemical bonds. Atomic nuclei with positive charges interact with electrons with negative charges to form bonds (the positions of which in space are determined by quantum mechanics)
1 mole of steam = 18.00g H2O
There are five stages to this problem
a] cooling steam from 140.0C to 100C
b] latent heat [heat of vaporisation] in turning steam at 100C to water at 100C
c] cooling water at 100C to 0C
d] using latent heat of fusion to turn water at 0C to ice at 0C
e] cooling ice from 0C to -55C
you just add up each stage
eg stage 1 is M x C x temp difference = 18 x 2.01 x (140-100) Joules
Unfortunately the data heat capacity of water, ltent heat vaporisation and latent heat fusion are not given, and it is impossible to do this without that data.
you just add up each stage
eg stage 1 is M x C x temp difference = 18 x 2.01 x (140-100) Joules
1 mole of steam = 18.00g H2O
18 x 2.01x(140-100) + 2260x18 + 2x100x18 + 334x18 + 2 x 45x18
= 53.35 kJ
Therefore, the enthalpy changes occurrence is 53.35 kJ.
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a polymerization reaction involves removing oh from one monomer and h from another monomer to join the two molecules and make water (h2o). this type of reaction, where a small molecule is removed to join monomers, is known as a(n): addition polymerization condensation polymerization redox combustion
This type of reaction, where a small molecule is removed to join monomers, is known as condensation polymerization .
A polymerization is the process of the making of the polymer. the addition polymer is form by the linking of the monomers. the condensation is the process where the smaller molecules or the monomers join with each other and form the larger units. a polymerization reaction involves removing oh from one monomer and H from another monomer to join the two molecules and make water , H₂O.
Thus, this type of reaction, where a small molecule is removed to join monomers, is known as condensation polymer.
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Draw the major organic product for the reaction. The starting material is a 5 carbon chain with a double bond between carbons 1 and 2. Carbon 3 has a methyl substituent
An alkene double bond contains two distinct substituent groups on each of the carbon atoms. The carbon-carbon double bond in 1-bromocyclopentene, 4-methyl-2-pentene, and 2-chloro-3,4-dimethyl-3-hexene is numbered in that order.
What effects do organic products have?Organic reactions are chemical processes involving organic compounds. Redox reactions, photochemical reactions, pericyclic reactions, elimination procedures, and substitution reactions are some of the basic types of organic chemistry reactions.
What are the byproducts of the reaction?The substance or substances to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation are the reactants. Reactants are substances that are present at the beginning of a chemical reaction. The substance or substances to the right of the arrow are products. A product is the substance that is still present after a chemical process has finished.
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Consider the reaction:
2 NO(g) + 5 H2(g)-2 NH3(g) + 2 H2O(g)
A reaction mixture initially contains 5 moles of NO and 10 moles of H2. Without doing any calculations, determine which set of amounts best represents the mixture after the reactants have reacted as completely as possible. Explain your reasoning.
a. 1 mol NO, 0 mol H2, 4 mol NH3, 4 mol H2O
b. 0 mol NO, 1 mol H2, 5 mol NH3, 5 mol H2O
c. 3 mol NO, 5 mol H2, 2 mol NH3, 2 mol H2O
d. 0 mol NO, 0 mol H2, 4 mol NH3, 4 mol H2O
After the whole feasible response of balanced equation, 1 mole of NO has remained withinside the response mixture is 1 mol NO, 0 mol H2, 4 mol NH3, 4 mol H2O.
The balanced chemical equation for
the response will be: 2 NO(g) + 5 H2(g)-2 NH3(g) + 2 H2O(g). The hydrogen required has been:
2 moles NO = 5 moles hydrogenfive moles NO Hydrogen five 2 G x 5 molesfive moles NO = 5 moles Hydrogen.The to be had hydrogen has been 10moles. 5 moles hydrogen = 2 moles NO2 10 moles hydrogen NO x 10 moles10 moles hydrogen = four moles NO.The whole usage of hydrogen calls for four moles of NO. The to be had NO has been 5 moles. The final NO has been given as:Remaining NO = Total - consumedRemaining NO = 5-4Remaining NO = 1moleAfter the whole feasible response of the mixture, 1 mole of NO has remained withinside the response mixture.Learn more about reactant :
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the descriptions pertain to either prokaryotic or eukaryotic transcription. match each description to the appropriate category.
Prokaryotic transcription happens in the cytoplasm, where Eukaryotic transcription happens inside the nucleus. Proteins referred to as transcriptional factors are required for eukaryotic transcription but not for prokaryotic transcription.
What distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription quizlet exist?Eukaryotic cells carry out transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm. Translation starts while the mRNA is still being created in a prokaryotic cell because transcription and translation are linked together during this process.
How does transcription in prokaryotes work?Prokaryotic transcription is the process by which the genetic material in prokaryotes is converted into messenger RNA transcripts, which are then translated to make proteins.
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which element is found in group 17 and period 2; where are the alkali metals on the periodic table; beryllium period number; where are the halogens found on the periodic table; group 2 periodic table; alkaline earth metals are located in what group on the periodic table; group 3 periodic table; a is an alkaline earth metal. if a loses two electrons to gain a complete octet
Location of groups periods and elements in the periodic table
What element is in group 17 and period 2?Fluorine (F)
Where are the alkali metals on the periodic table?in group 1
What is the period number of beryllium?2
Where are the halogens found on the periodic table?in group 18
What is group 2 of the periodic table?The alkaline earth metals
In which group on the periodic table are the alkaline earth metals found?in the 2
What is group 3 of the periodic table?That of the scandium family, also called that of rare earths and actinides
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the oxidation of fadh2 to fad involves the transfer of ; the oxidation of nadh to nad involves the transfer of .
Transfer of two hydrogen atoms occurs during the oxidation of fadh2 to fad, whereas a hydride is transferred during the oxidation of nad+ to nad. when a chemical reaction of an atom to lose one or more of its electrons.
The chemical element with the atomic number 1 and symbol H is hydrogen. The element hydrogen is the lightest. Hydrogen is a gas made up of diatomic molecules with the formula H2 under normal circumstances. It has no flavour, no smell, no colour, is non-toxic, and is very flammable. The elementary electric charge of the electron, a subatomic particle, is a negative one. Due to their lack of known components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the first generation of the lepton particle family, are typically considered to be elementary particles.
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the solera system is a systematical aging and blending of spanish sherry where a portion of wine from each vintage year is removed and added to an older vintage. the oldest blend is then bottled and sold.
The solera system is the systematical aging and the blending of spanish sherry where a portion of wine from vintage year is removed and added an older vintage. oldest blend is then bottled and sold. this statement is true.
The solera system can be defined as the process used for liquids that aging liquids these are like wine, beer vinegar, the brandy. it is done by the fractional blending. the process is done in such a manner that the final product is the mixture of the ages. as the process continues for many years the average age will gradually increases.
Thus, The portion of the wine from each the vintage of year is removed and added to an older vintage, the oldest blend will bottled and then sold.
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What powder should I use for my muzzleloader?
The powder should I use for my muzzleloader is the black powder, the mixture of the charcoal , sulfur, and the saltpeter.
The powder should be used in the muzzleloader is the black powder. The black is the mixture of the charcoal , sulfur, and the saltpeter. the powder is specially used to reduce the the smoke cause in the muzzleloader. the rifles, the single shot piston , the revolvers etc are the examples of the muzzleloader. the muzzleloader is the firearm which is projectile to the propellant that is loaded from the muzzle gun.
The propellant used in the muzzleloader is the black powder only. so, the powder we should in the muzzleloader is the black powder.
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Which answer choice correctly describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
The correct option is b) Ionic bonds are formed when one atom takes another atom's electrons, while covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons.
What is the difference between ionic and covalent bond?
Ionic bonds are created when a nonmetal and a metal exchange electrons. The term "ionic bond" refers to a chemical bond formed by electrostatic attraction between two ions with opposing charges.
They create covalent bonds when two nonmetals share electrons. The term "ionic bond" refers to a chemical bond formed by electrostatic attraction between two ions with opposing charges.
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The primary responsibility for investigating allegations of research misconduct belongs to:A. Office of Research Integrity (ORI)
B. Researcher(s)
C. Research institution(s)
D. B and C.
E. A, B and C.
The primary responsibility for investigating allegations of research misconduct belongs to Office of Research Integrity (ORI). Option A
What is research misconduct?We say that a researcher is guilty of research misconduct if the researcher has been found to be found to be engaged in an action that seems to have undermined the principles of ethics. This implies that the research have not been able to follow the standard operation protocol as he or she is carrying out the research.
For instance, in the area of the social sciences, it could be a research misconduct of the identity of the subjects that have taken part in the experiment is made public to the society and this is done without the consent of the subject. This is a violation of the privacy of the subject.
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Which of the following compounds will exhibits dipole-dipole attraction between molecules? {Hint: look for polar molecules.} a. SiO2 b. CBr4 c. Cl4 d. BH3 e. AsH3
Dipoles in [tex]AsH_{3}[/tex] are attracted to other dipoles. The other chemicals all exhibit dispersion forces and are non-polar. [tex]AsH_{3}[/tex]'s tetrahedral molecular structure with a persistent dipole.
What is dipole-dipole attraction?
Dipole-dipole forces draw together the positive ends of two polar molecules that have opposite charges on their ends. Strengths of dipole-dipole forces per mole range from 5 kJ to 20 kJ.
Examples of polar compounds that interact dipole-dipole include hydrogen chloride (HCl), carboxylic acids (such as acetic acid), and amino acids. A polar molecule's positive end will pull another molecule's negative end and change the other molecule's location.
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draw structural formulas for the alkoxide ion and the alkyl(aryl)bromide that may be used in a williamson synthesis of the ether shown. ch2ch3
The most popular method for producing ethers is termed Williamson synthesis after its creator Alexander Williamson. It is an organic reaction where an organohalide and an alkoxide combine to generate ethers. The SN2 mechanism is used to carry out the reaction.
On the accompanying image, the necessary alkoxide ion, alkyl(aryl)bromide, and the ether that results from the reaction are all visible. Alkyl halides are also known as haloalkanes. Halogen atoms have replaced one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane to form compounds known as alkyl halides. Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane are replaced with a halogen atom, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
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below is the lewis structure of the chlorine molecule. count the number of bonding pairs and the number of lone pairs around the left chlorine atom.
10 electrons, no lone pairs In the Lewis structure, each line represents a bond that holds a pair of electrons. Two single bonds and one triple bond each have 10 shared electrons.
How does the Lewis structure rule work?Because they always occur at the extremities of a chain of atoms, hydrogen atoms can only form single bonds. With carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen, hydrogen is frequently linked. Only O2, O3, superoxides, and peroxides are exceptions to the rule that oxygen atoms do not normally connect to one another.
How would you define the Lewis structure using an example?The idea of the octet rule, in which atoms share electrons so that each has eight electrons in its outer shell, is the foundation of a Lewis structure. The outer shell of an oxygen atom, for instance, has six electrons.
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The Lewis diagram for PO(OH)_3 is: The electron-pair geometry around the P atom in PO(OH)_3 is. There are lone pair(s) around the central atom, so the geometry of PO(OH)_3 is B. The Lewis diagram for XeO_3 is: The electron-pair geometry around the Xe atom in XeO_3 is There are lone pairs around the central atom, so the geometry XeO_3 is is
The electron-pair geometry around the P atom in PO(OH)₃ is tetrahedral. the molecular geometry of PO(OH)₃ is tetrahedral. the electron pair geometry of XeO₃ is tetrahedral and the molecular geometry is pyramidal.
The electron-pair geometry around the P atom in PO(OH)₃ is tetrahedral. There are lone pair(s) around the central atom is zero, so the molecular geometry of PO(OH)₃ is same as the electron pair geometry is tetrahedral.
The the electron pair geometry of XeO₃ is tetrahedral. There are lone pairs around the central atom is one lone pair of electrons, so the molecular geometry is different from electron pair geometry of XeO₃ is pyramidal.
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Temperature affects equilibrium in one direction or the other (depending on whether the system is exo or endothermic). Discuss.
Temperature is a factor that affects the equilibrium in a reaction, shifting to the right or left in endothermic or exothermic reactions if it increases or decreases.
The role of temperature in chemical reactionsWhen the temperature in a reaction system increases, an increase in the speed of the reaction is induced because there is an increase in kinetic energy in the molecules and they tend to collide with each other more frequently.
The relationship of temperature with the equilibrium and speed of a reaction is that it affects the kinetic energy of the molecules and this leads to an increase in the concentration of reactants or products by increasing the number of collisions between the molecules.
Therefore, temperature is considered as a catalyst reagent.
Effects of temperature on the endothermic reactionIn this type of reaction, if the temperature is increased, the equilibrium will shift to the right (more products, less reactants) and if it is decreased, to the left (more reactants, less products).
Effects of temperature on the exothermic reactionHere if the temperature is increased the equilibrium moves to the left (more reactants less products). If the temperature is lowered, the equilibrium will shift to the right (more less reactive products).
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draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the reaction mechanism of this epoxide rearrangement.
A response mechanism is the sequence of simple steps in which a chemical reaction happens.
Reactions that take location in multiple basic step are referred to as multistep or complex reactions. reaction intermediates are chemical species which might be formed in a fundamental step and ate up in subsequent steps. the general series of primary reactions is the response mechanism.
The sum of the man or woman steps or primary reactions inside the mechanism ought to result in a balanced method for the overall response. the general sequence of basic reactions is the response mechanism. A system or device is used to gain a selected result.
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The mass of a (235) (92) U nucleus is ____ separated from each other. the sum of the masses of a (141) (56) Ba nucleus, a (92) (36) Kr nucleus, and two neutrons, all separated from each other.O greater than O equal to O less than
The combined masses of two neutrons, a (92) (36) Kr nucleus, a (141) (56) Ba nucleus, and a (235) (92) U nucleus are more than that of a (235) (92) U nucleus.
A little amount of mass is transformed into energy in nuclear reactions.
This indicates that the overall mass of the reactants is lower during nuclear reactions than the mass of the products.
The (141) (56) Ba nucleus, the (92) (36) Kr nucleus, and two neutrons, which are byproducts of the nuclear reaction, all have masses that are greater than the mass of the (235) (92) U nucleus.
Thus, The combined masses of two neutrons, a (92) (36) Kr nucleus, a (141) (56) Ba nucleus, and a (235) (92) U nucleus are more than that of a (235) (92) U nucleus.
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prepare a conversion factor for a 48% w/w solution of hbr in water. (w/w stands for weight / weight.) double check your answer with your instructor when you get to lab.
If an aqueous solution with concentrated hydrobromic acidity contains 48% by mass of HBr, then the molarity of HBr is 8.9 M.
How do mol and molarity work?The term "Molarity" is derived from the unit of measurement called a mole, which is used to describe chemical substances. Determining the amount of substance present in a certain chemical solution is done using a concept known as molarity, commonly known as the molecular concentration of a solution.
What does 1 molarity mean?The most frequent measure of molarity in chemistry is the amount of moles per liter, denoted by the unit notation mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units. A solution with a level of one mol/L is referred to as 1 molar, or 1 M.
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The correct question is :
An aqueous solution of concentrated hydrobromic acid contains 48% HBr by mass. If the density of the solution is 1.50 g/mL, what is its concentration?
which refers to a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is? ph solubility reactiveness hardness; which solution has the greatest number of hydroxide ions?; which is formed by positive ions from a base and negative ions from an acid?; which product contains a strong base that would most likely completely dissolve in water?; a solution has a ph of 8. which best describes the solution?; which best describes the ph scale?; which is the order of these solutions from strong acid to strong base?; carla is using a fertilizer that contains nitric acid. how is nitric acid classified?
The pH scale determines how acidic or basic water is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality. pH values below 7 indicate acidity, whereas those over 7 suggest a base (a result of a chemical interaction
Examples of chemical reactions and what they are.Reactants engage in a chemical reaction during a chemical reaction, which results in the transformation of reactants into products. for instance Inhaling oxygen causes glucose to react, producing carbon dioxide, water, and energy. This is the process of respiration.
In simple terms, what exactly is a chemical reaction?chemical reaction: a process wherein one or more substances—the reactants—are changed into one or more additional substances—the products. Chemical elements and compounds are both substances.
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Select each molecule that would show only a pair of doublets ...
A substance's state of matter — solid, liquid, gas, or plasma — depends on how its molecules move and maintain their volume and shape.
The process of forming a disaccharide molecule and a water molecule with the help of two molecules of glucose is known as a dehydration reaction. This is because a water molecule is liberated from the reacting molecules of glucose.
Collision theory is a theory which describes of predicting the rate at which chemical reactions occurs between atoms and molecules of elements.
So therefore, the factor which will not determines if two molecules will bind according to collision theory is the direction the molecules are facing
Molecules are made up of atoms and these atoms are positive or negative. Here, the protons which have different chemical shifts are chemically non-equivalent and they exist in different environment. Hence, the compound shown is the only pair of doublet with integration ratio 1:1
Therefore, we can say that the molecules are made up of some positive and negative ions called protons and electrons.
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2HCI + Na₂CO3 → H₂O + CO₂ + 2NaCl
He mixes exactly 235.0 mL of 0.600 M HCI
with 7.472 g Na2CO3.
8.24 g NaCl form. What is the molar
concentration of the salt in the solution?
A. 4.29 x 10-4 M
B. 0.600 M
C. 0.429 M
D. 3.00 x 10 4M
The molar concentration of the salt is 0.600 M. Option B
What is the molar concentration of the salt?We know that the term molar concentration has to do with the number of moles of the salt that is present in one liter of the solution. We have been given the mass of the salt that is formed, we need to obtain the number of moles of the salt that has been formed and use the volume of the solution that have been given in the question to find the molar concentration of the salt.
Mass of the salt = 8.24 g
Molar mass of the salt = 58.5 g/mol
Number of moles of the salt = mass/molar mass
= 8.24 g/ 58.5 g/mol
= 0.14 moles
Volume of the solution = 235.0 mL or 0.235 L
Molar concentration = 0.14 moles/ 0.235 L
= 0.595 M or 0.600 M
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a tank at is filled with of sulfur tetrafluoride gas and of dinitrogen difluoride gas. you can assume both gases behave as ideal gases under these conditions.
Mole fraction of N2O is 0.330 and mole fraction of SF4 is 0.669; pressure N2O is 39127.053 Pa ; pressure of SF4 is 792126.36 and total pressure is 118253.413 Pa
What is pressure in chemistry?If volume and temperature are held constant, ideal gas equation can be rearranged to show that pressure of a sample of gas is directly proportional to number of moles.
Given, volume of tank is 8 L
Weight of dinitrogen difluoride gas is 5.53 g
weight of Sulphur hexafluoride gas is 17.3 g
Amount of N2O= 5.53/ (14 * 2 + 16)
= 0.1256 mol
amount of SF4 = 17.3 /( 32.1 + 19 *4 )
= 0.254 mol
mole fraction of N2O= 0.1256/( 0.1256 + 0.254)
= 0.330
amount of SF4= 0.254/( 0.1256 + 0.254)
= 0.669
PV = n RT
P of N2O = 0.1256* 8.31 ( 273 + 26.9)/0.008
= 39127.053 Pa
mole of SF4 = 0.254* 8.31 ( 273 + 26.9)/0.008
= 79126.36 Pa
Therefore, total pressure = 39127.053 + 79126.36 = 118253.413 Pa
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Note : The question given on the portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Question : A 8.00 L tank at 26.9 C is filled with 5.53 g of dinitrogen difluoride gas and 17.3 g of sulfur hexafluoride gas. You can assume both gases behave as ideal gases under these conditions. Calculate the mole fraction and partial pressure of each gas, and the total pressure in the tank.
when a piece of zinc metal is added to a solution of hydrochloric acid, a reaction occurs. the products are aqueous zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. which of the following conditions would result in the fastest rate of reaction with 1.00 g 1.00 g of zinc?
The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of reactants & temperature of the reaction.
So, 0.10M HCl at 80 o C will result in the fastest rate of reaction with 1.00g of zinc.
The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of reactants & temperature of the reaction So, 0.10M HCl at 80o C will result in the fastest rate of reaction with 1.00g of zinc.
What is temperature?
How hot or cold something is can be expressed numerically using the physical concept of temperature. Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Different temperature scales, which traditionally established various reference points and thermometric materials, are used to calibrate thermometers.
The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of reactants \& temperature of the reartion. So, $0.10[tex]\mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ at $80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ will result in $Q_{\text {astest rate of reaction with } 1.00 \mathrm{~g} \text { of }}$[/tex]zinc.
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a chemical reaction experiment was carried out with the objective of comparing if a new catalyst b would give higher yields than the old catalyst a. the experiment was run on five different batches of raw material which were known to be quite different from one another. each batch was divided into two portions to which a or b was applied at random. the data collected are given in the following table: Catalyst 10 30 28 18 23 22 21 12 a). Explain the experimental design (b)_ Carry out the appropriate t-test.
According to the problem, we need to determine whether new catalyst B would give higher yields than old catalyst A. The given data is a paired sample, because both the catalysts were experimented on 6 different batches of raw materials.
(a) Explain the experimental design.
Here the data collected is from 6 different raw materials, which were divided into two portions. Therefore, two data were obtained for each of the 6 raw materials, which implies in scientific terms that repeated data was obtained for each of the 6 raw materials. Thus, this type of design is known as Repeated-Measures Design.
(b) Carry out the appropriate t test.
For testing whether the new catalyst B will give higher yields than old catalyst A, a Paired-Sample t-test needs to be performed. The test will be performed using R Studio. The R codes and output are as below.
R CODE
# Load the Data A <- c(9,19,28,22,18,8) B <- c(10,22,30,21,23,12) # Paired Sample t-test t.test(A,B,paired = TRUE,alternative = "less")
R OUTPUT
# Paired Sample t-test > t.test(A, B, paired = TRUE, alternative = less) Paired t-test = data: A and B t = -2.6458, df = ">
The decision rule for this test is: "If the p-value < 0.05, then reject the null hypothesis, under 0.05 level of significance; otherwise accept the null hypothesis".
Decision: As p-value (= 0.02283) < 0.05, so we decide to REJECT the null hypothesis, under 0.05 level of significance.
Conclusion: As the null hypothesis is to be rejected, so we can conclude that "there is sufficient evidence conclude that the new catalyst B gives a higher yield than old catalyst A".
(c) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference between catalysts A and B.
From part (b),
we have obtained the R output about the 95% confidence interval for the difference between catalysts A and B as:
Therefore, the 95% confidence interval for the difference between catalysts A and B is (-∞, -0.56).
In frequency statistics, the confidence interval (CI) is the range of estimated values for an unknown parameter. Confidence intervals are computed at the specified confidence level. A 95% confidence level is the most common, but other levels such as 90% and 99% are sometimes used . The confidence level represents the proportion of corresponding CIs over time that contain the true value of the parameter. For example, 95% of all intervals computed at the 95% level must contain the true value of the parameter.
Factors that affect the width of the CI include confidence level, sample size, and within-sample variability. All other things being equal, the larger the sample, the narrower the confidence interval. Similarly, the more varied the sample, the wider the confidence interval, and the higher the confidence level, the wider the confidence interval.
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suppose of zinc bromide is dissolved in of a aqueous solution of potassium carbonate. calculate the final molarity of bromide anion in the solution. you can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the zinc bromide is dissolved in it. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
The final molarity of the zinc cation in the solution is [Zn²⁺] = 4.78x10⁻¹⁰M.
The balanced chemical equation for the above reaction is given as:
ZnBr₂ (aq) + K₂CO₃ (aq) → ZnCO₃ (s) + 2KBr (aq)
The zinc that is added produce the insoluble ZnCO₃ with Ksp = 1.46x10⁻¹⁰:
1.46x10⁻¹⁰ = [Zn²⁺] [CO₃²⁻]
Let's find the moles of ZnBr₂ added = Moles of Zn²⁺ and moles of K₂CO₃ = Moles of CO₃²⁻ we can find the moles of CO₃²⁻ that remains in solution, as follows:
Moles of ZnB₂ (Molar mass: 225.2g/mol) = Moles Zn²⁺:
6.63g ZnBr₂ × (1mol / 225.2g) = 0.02944 moles of Zn²⁺
Moles of K₂CO₃ = Moles of CO₃²⁻:
0.100L × (0.60mol/L) = 0.060 moles CO₃²⁻
Moles CO₃²⁻ in excess: 0.0600moles CO₃²⁻ - 0.02944moles =
0.03056moles CO₃²⁻ / 0.100L = 0.3056M = [CO₃²⁻]
Substituting in Ksp expression:
1.46x10⁻¹⁰ = [Zn²⁺] [0.3056M]
[Zn²⁺] = 4.78x10⁻¹⁰M
Hence, the final molarity of the zinc cation in the solution is [Zn²⁺] = 4.78x10⁻¹⁰M.
The above question is incomplete and the complete question is given as:
Suppose 6.63g of zinc bromide is dissolved in 100.mL of a 0.60 M aqueous solution of potassium carbonate. Calculate the final molarity of zinc cation in the solution. You can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the zinc bromide is dissolved in it. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
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A student performed the Fractional Crystallization experiment described with the following results: Initial mass of sample mixture: 4.958 g, mass of salicylic acid recovered, 0.586 g; mass of CuSO4•5H2O recovered, 3.12 g. The recovered CuSO4•5H2O was then heated for 15 minutes at 130 °C. The mass of the new hydrate was 2.17 g. Calculate the value of X in the formula for the new hydrate CuSO4•XH2O.
Answer:
74.75%
Explanation:
To calculate this, we simply add the mass of the salicylic acid and the mass of the copper sulphate.
The addition will yield the following.
Mass of salicylic acid recovered = 0.586g
Mass of copper sulphate recovered = 3.12g
The addition of both is = 0.586g + 3.12g = 3.706g
The percentage composition can be calculated by dividing this by the original mass of the mixture before crystallization and dividing by 100.
3.706/4.958 * 100 = 74.75%
A student obtains a liquid sample of green food coloring that is known to contain a mixture of two solid pigments, one blue and one yellow, dissolved in an aqueous solution of ethanol. Which of the following laboratory setups is most appropriate for the student to use in order to separate and collect a substantial sample of each of the two pigments?
chromatography column (long tube w/ ink seperating)
Chromatography column (long tube w/ ink seperating) is the most appropriate for the student to use in order to separate and collect a substantial sample of each of the two pigments.
An aqueous solution is an solution in which the solvent is water. It's mainly shown in chemical equations via appending to the relevant chemical system. For example, an answer of table salt, or sodium chloride, in water might be represented as Na? + Cl?.
The solvent in aqueous answers is water, which makes up approximately 70% of the mass of the human body and is important for lifestyles.
Some examples of aqueous solutions are cola, the saltwater, the rain, acid , base solutions, salt solutions, and so forth.
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