The total provision amount is 9440.
How to solve for the provisionTo calculate the total provision amount based on different asset categories, we have the following calculations:
Standard Assets:
Provision amount = 40% of 8000 = 3200
Substandard Assets (unsecured):
Provision amount = 25% of 6000 = 1500
Secured Doubtful Assets (1 year):
Provision amount = 25% of 1000 = 2500
Secured Doubtful Assets (1-3 years):
Provision amount = 40% of 1600 = 640
Secured Doubtful Assets (more than 3 years):
Provision amount = 100% of 400 = 400
Loss Assets:
Provision amount = 1200 (fully transferred and written off)
Total provision = 3200 + 1500 + 2500 + 640 + 400 + 1200 = 9440
Therefore, the total provision amount is 9440.
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The Western Rail Company has the following financial statements, which are representative of the company’s historical average.
Income Statement
Sales $250,000
Expenses 203,200
Earnings before interest and taxes$46,800
Interest 2,300
Earnings before taxes $44,500
Taxes 12,000
Earnings after taxes $32,500
Dividends $9,750
Balance Sheet
Assets Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Cash $5,000 Accounts payable $6,300
Accounts receivable13,000 Accrued wages 1,500
Inventory 18,000 Accrued taxes 4,200
Current assets $36,000 Current liabilities $12,000
Capital assets 73,000 Notes payable 7,300
Long-term debt 16,500
Common stock 23,000
Retained earnings 50,200
Total assets$ 109,000 Total liabilities and equity $109,000
Western Rail is expecting a 20 percent increase in sales next year, and management is concerned about the company’s need for external funds. The increase in sales is expected to be carried out without any expansion of capital assets; instead, it will be done through more efficient asset utilization in the existing stores. Of liabilities, only current liabilities vary directly with sales. (Show all your workings and calculations)
a. Using a percent-of-sales method, determine whether Western rail has external financing needs.
b. Prepare a pro forma balance sheet with any financing adjustment made to notes payable and excess, if any, shall reduce long term debt. (Do not round off intermediate value. Use two decimals for final answer)
Western Rail has external financing needs.
What is the calculation using the percent-of-sales method to determine the external financing needs?The percent-of-sales method is used to determine the external financing needs of a company based on the projected increase in sales. In this case, Western Rail is expecting a 20 percent increase in sales. Since only current liabilities vary directly with sales, we need to calculate the increase in current liabilities resulting from the sales increase.
First, we calculate the increase in sales: 20% of $250,000 = $50,000.
Next, we calculate the increase in current liabilities using the historical average percent of sales method. Current liabilities as a percentage of sales can be calculated as follows: Average current liabilities / Average sales.
Average current liabilities = ($12,000 + $6,300 + $1,500 + $4,200) / 4 = $6,000.
Average sales = $250,000.
Current liabilities as a percentage of sales = $6,000 / $250,000 = 0.024 or 2.4%.
The increase in current liabilities due to the sales increase is: 2.4% of $50,000 = $1,200.
Since the increase in current liabilities exceeds the retained earnings of $32,500, Western Rail has external financing needs.
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Libscomb Technologies' annual sales are $5,563,898 and all sales are made on credit, it purchases $4,150,797 of materials each year (and this is its cost of goods sold). Libscomb also has $520,636 of inventory, $509,053 of accounts receivable, and $471,506 of accounts payable. Assume a 365 day year. What is Libscomb's Operating Cycle (in days)?
To calculate Libscomb Technologies' operating cycle, we need to consider the time it takes to convert inventory into accounts receivable and the time it takes to collect accounts receivable.
Operating Cycle = Average Age of Inventory + Average Collection Period
To find the average age of inventory, we can use the formula:
Average Age of Inventory = (Inventory / Cost of Goods Sold) * 365
Average Age of Inventory = ($520,636 / $4,150,797) * 365
Average Age of Inventory = 45.95 days
To find the average collection period, we can use the formula:
Average Collection Period = (Accounts Receivable / Annual Sales) * 365
Average Collection Period = ($509,053 / $5,563,898) * 365
Average Collection Period = 33.43 days
Operating Cycle = 45.95 days + 33.43 days
Operating Cycle = 79.38 days
Therefore, Libscomb Technologies' operating cycle is approximately 79.38 days.
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Problem 9 13. A clothing manufacturer produces women's clothes at four locations. A coordinate system has been determined for these four locations as shown below. The location of a central warehouse for rolls of cloth must now be determined. Weekly quantities to be shipped to each location are shown below. Determine the coordinates of the location that will minimize total transportation cost. LO3 Location (x, y) Weekly Quantity A 15 B 6,9 20 3.9 125 9,4 I D 30
The coordinates of the location that will minimize total transportation cost is (5.936, 8.275).
Given data:Weekly Quantities are:
Location A: 15
Location B: 20
Location C: 3
Location D: 9
Total quantity: 15 + 20 + 3 + 9 = 47
Let (x, y) be the coordinates of the warehouse to minimize the total transportation cost.
Distance of A from the warehouse is √(x - 15)² + (y - 20)²
Distance of B from the warehouse is √(x - 6)² + (y - 9)²
Distance of C from the warehouse is √(x - 3)² + (y - 9)²
Distance of D from the warehouse is √(x - 9)² + (y - 4)²Cost
= 125(√(x - 15)² + (y - 20)²) + 39(√(x - 6)² + (y - 9)²) + 100(√(x - 3)² + (y - 9)²) + 40(√(x - 9)² + (y - 4)²)
Using online solver: The coordinates of the location that will minimize total transportation cost is (5.936, 8.275).
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Assume the GeeWhiz product has a list price of $10.36. It is being sold to Ronnie's Retail Emporium, and the retail price will be $26.79. What is the gross profit margin (in %) for GeeWhiz? (note: do not add the %, answer should a number only).
Assume you are a salesperson for Gillette selling in a new razor blade to a large retail chain. 24 individual sell units are packed per case. The retail price is suggested to be $24.99. List price per case is $431.76. What is the gross profit margin (%) for the retailer? (note: do not add the %).
The gross profit margin (%) for the retailer is 28.01%.
Given: List price = $10.36
Retail price = $26.79
Gross profit margin formula is given as: Gross Profit Margin = (Profit / Revenue) x 100
Where, Profit = Revenue - Cost of goods sold In this problem,
revenue = Retail price and cost of goods sold = List price
Hence, Profit
= $26.79 - $10.36 = $16.43
And, Gross Profit Margin
= (16.43 / 26.79) x 100 = 61.31
Therefore, the gross profit margin (in %) for Gee Whiz is 61.31%.
Given: Retail price = $24.99
List price per case = $431.76
Sell units per case = 24
Gross profit margin formula is given as:
Gross Profit Margin = (Profit / Revenue) x 100
Let's calculate the revenue first, Revenue = Retail price x Sell units per case
= $24.99 x 24= $599.76
Now, let's calculate the profit:
Profit = Revenue - Cost of goods sold
= Revenue - List price per case
= $599.76 - $431.76= $168.00
Finally, Gross profit margin
= (168 / 599.76) x 100= 28.01.
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1. The two most widely used screening tools are
a.
testing and application forms
b.
reference checks and interviews
c.
application forms and resumes
d.
physical exams and testing
2. The initial screening interview is carried out primarily
a.
to go over the application form
b.
to aid sales managers in making a decision
c.
to eliminate undesirable recruits
d.
to gain an in depth understanding of the applicant
3. All of the following are characteristics of selling except
a.
most sales positions require some travel, sometimes overnight
b.
most sales jobs do not involve close supervision
c.
most people who enter sales have considerable work experience
d.
high employee turnover is typically found in sales jobs
1. Application forms and resumes, 2. The initial screening interview is carried out primarily to eliminate undesirable recruits, 3. Most people who enter sales have considerable work experience.
Explanation:
1. The two most widely used screening tools are Application forms and resumes. Application forms help the organization to gather the required information about the candidate, and resumes are helpful for the recruiter to know about the candidate's education, work experience, skills, etc.
2. The initial screening interview is carried out primarily to eliminate undesirable recruits. It is also an opportunity for the candidate to learn more about the organization, the job position, and the work environment. The interviewer tries to determine whether the candidate meets the organization's requirements or not.
3. All of the following are characteristics of selling except most people who enter sales have considerable work experience. In sales, people have to work hard to achieve their goals. Selling usually requires a lot of effort, good communication skills, and a good understanding of the product or service being sold. The sales job often involves a lot of travel and sometimes, requires overnight travel.
Sales jobs often require the person to work independently, with minimal supervision. However, sales jobs are usually associated with high employee turnover because it is a competitive field.
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Heat center company has an increase in network capital of $20,000 and net capital spending of $60,000 . The Firm also has the following information sales=$300,000 cost of goods sold=$100,000, interest=$ 40,000, deprecation=$ 10,000 and tax rate= 20% what is the cash flow from assets of heat center company?
The cash flow from assets of Heat Center Company is $90,000.
Cash flow from assets represents the total cash generated or utilized by a company's operating and investing activities. In this case, we calculated the cash flow from assets for Heat Center Company using the given information.
The cash flow from assets of Heat Center Company can be calculated by subtracting net capital spending from the sum of operating cash flow and change in net working capital.
To begin, let's calculate the operating cash flow. It is derived by subtracting the cost of goods sold, depreciation, and taxes from the sales revenue. The cost of goods sold is given as $100,000, depreciation is $10,000, and the tax rate is 20%. Therefore, the operating cash flow can be calculated as follows:
Operating Cash Flow = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold - Depreciation - Taxes
= $300,000 - $100,000 - $10,000 - (20% * $300,000)
= $300,000 - $100,000 - $10,000 - $60,000
= $130,000
Next, we need to determine the change in net working capital. The increase in net working capital is given as $20,000. Therefore, the change in net working capital is $20,000.
Now, let's calculate the cash flow from assets:
Cash Flow from Assets = Operating Cash Flow + Change in Net Working Capital - Net Capital Spending
= $130,000 + $20,000 - $60,000
= $90,000
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Select any company.
You have acquired a company. The company had 4 employees.
You have 1 million dollars with you so how will you use it for
business purposes.
Make a ppt to emphasize those 5 importan
Let's say I've purchased a business with four employees and I have $1 million in hand. In such a scenario, I shall utilize this business in the following ways.
1. I researched the industry and growth potential before buying the business; as a result, I would appoint these four workers as managers of the business they helped me buy because they are familiar with every facet of it.
2. Based on the advice of these four managers and their knowledge of the firm, I will invest a portion of my $1 million. The management of the business and its market is simple. The purchased company's personnel are widely recognized for their norms and rules, thus there were no cultural differences for the business to deal with.
3. In order to assess the crucial variations in human resource management and resource alignment with the core business, we must invest in the company's partnership with our business and the workers.
4. We should spend the money on employing new staff members and work with these managers and the core team members to make major improvements in communication and teamwork.
It aids in managing employees as well. We can simply manage to align both the company's aims and process the business forward using this cost in technology enhancement.
5. Spend the money on enhancing their talents and motivating them through training and prizes so they feel more inspired to improve the success of the business. To manage our company objective, effective team management is necessary.
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Wildhorse Construction Company uses the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. In 2020, Wildhorse began work under a non-cancellable contract #E2-D2, which provided for a contract price of $2,158,000. Other details follow: 2020 2021 Costs incurred during the year $648,400 $1,429,000 Estimated costs to complete, as at December 31 972,600 0 Billings during the year (non-refundable) 426,000 1,579,200 Collections during the year 343,000 1,513,000 Prepare a complete set of journal entries for 2020. (using the percentage-of-completion method. Use Materials, Cash, Payables for costs incurred to date.) (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts.) Credit Account Titles and Explanation Debit (To record cost of construction) (To record progress billings) (To record collections) (To record revenues) (To record construction expenses) DOCT
The revenue recognized is 66.67% of the progress billings.
to prepare a complete set of journal entries for 2020 using the percentage-of-completion method, we need to consider the costs incurred, billings, collections, and recognize revenues and expenses. here are the journal entries for the given information:
1. to record costs incurred during the year:debit: construction in progress $648,400
credit: materials $648,400
2. to record progress billings:debit: accounts receivable $426,000
credit: construction billings $426,000
3. to record collections during the year:debit: cash $343,000
credit: accounts receivable $343,000
4. to record revenues recognized:debit: construction billings $648,400
credit: revenue $648,400
5. to record construction expenses:debit: construction expenses $648,400
credit: construction in progress $648,400
note: the revenue recognized is based on the percentage of completion. as the costs incurred in 2020 are $648,400 and the estimated total costs are $972,600, the percentage of completion for 2020 is 66.67% ($648,400 / $972,600). please note that the given information does not provide the necessary details to calculate the actual revenue recognized accurately. it would require additional information such as the percentage of completion at the end of the year, any changes in estimated costs, and any other relevant contract terms.
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As the head of the international human resource management of an MNE headquartered in Ghana with 10
subsidiaries from other countries. You have been tasked to interview applicants for the position of country
managers for the respective 10 subsidiaries in 14 days amidst Covid-19 challenges.
Task
(a) Discuss any 5 advantages of online interviews. (10 marks)
(b) State the main difference between a Competency Based question and a Situational interview question?
(4 marks)
(c) Outline three (3) verbal Do’s and three (3) non-verbal Don’ts applicants should consider when preparing
for virtual job interviews. (6 marks)
(a) The advantages of online interviews are time and cost savings, ease of scheduling, recording and playback capabilities, improved accessibility, and enhanced interview consistency.
(b) The main difference between a competency based question and a situational interview question is that competency based question evaluates applicant in actual situation and a situational interview question evaluates an applicant in hypothetical situation.
(c) In a virtual job interview, the three verbal dos are to be polite, speak confidently, and be honest. The three non-verbal don'ts are to avoid slouching, fidgeting, and interrupting the interviewer.
(a) The advantages of online interviews are as follows:
1. Time and cost savings: One of the main advantages of online interviews is that it saves time and money. As a result, interviews may be arranged with applicants from anyplace in the globe, regardless of distance or time zone differences.
2. Ease of scheduling: Since online interviews may be done from any location with an internet connection, scheduling is made easier. Interviews can be held outside of traditional working hours, making it easier for applicants and interviewers to participate.
3. Recording and playback capabilities: Online interviews can be recorded and saved, making it easier for interviewers to review them after the fact and compare candidates.
4. Improved accessibility: Online interviews are a lot more accessible than in-person interviews. This is particularly true for people with disabilities who may struggle with the physical logistics of travelling to and from an interview.
5. Enhanced interview consistency: Online interviews are more consistent than in-person interviews. The questions and format of the interview are always the same, reducing the possibility of bias.
(b) A competency-based question is one that evaluates an applicant's abilities, expertise, and experience in a specific area. On the other hand, a situational interview question requires applicants to imagine how they would react in a hypothetical situation, providing a glimpse into their decision-making abilities.
(c) In a virtual job interviews, the following are three verbal do's:
1. Be polite, courteous, and respectful.
2. Speak in a clear, concise, and confident manner.
3. Be honest and straightforward in your responses.
The following are three non-verbal don'ts:
1. Avoid slouching or leaning on objects.
2. Don't fidget or play with objects while talking.
3. Avoid interrupting the interviewer or talking over them.
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If International Fisher Equation holds, then the future spot exchange rate is a function of the initial spot rate in equilibrium and O The pound is overvalued relative to the dollar. The pound is undervalued relative to the dollar. O It costs more in pounds to buy Big Mac in the U.S. O Absolute PPP holds between the U.S. and the U.K. O It costs the same in dollars to buy Big Mac in the U.K.
The International Fisher Equation states that the future spot exchange rate depends on the initial spot rate in equilibrium and the difference in nominal interest rates between two countries.
If absolute PPP holds between the U.S. and the U.K., then the exchange rate will adjust so that a Big Mac costs the same amount in both countries.However, if it costs more in pounds to buy a Big Mac in the U.S., then the pound is overvalued relative to the dollar. On the other hand, if it costs more in dollars to buy a Big Mac in the U.K., then the pound is undervalued relative to the dollar. Therefore, the International Fisher Equation can be used to determine the future spot exchange rate based on interest rate differentials and relative prices of goods like Big Macs.
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Q2) (50 pts) Consider the following network and find the shortest route from the source node to the sink node (construct the respective table like Table 10.2 given in the Network Slide set of Week 12, and identify the optimal route and the optimal value). 9 A 5 2 5 D Sink Source 6 с 5 4 2 E 3 7
The shortest route from the source node to the sink node is A → D → E → Sink with an optimal value of 7.
The given diagram represents a network with nodes as the vertices and the links between them as the edges. To find the shortest route from the source node to the sink node, we can use the Dijkstra's algorithm, which works by maintaining a set of visited nodes and a set of unvisited nodes. The algorithm starts at the source node and assigns a tentative distance of 0 to it. Then it considers all the neighboring nodes of the current node and calculates their tentative distances as the sum of the current node's distance and the weight of the edge connecting it to the neighboring node. If the tentative distance is less than the current distance, it updates the current distance to the tentative distance. This process is repeated until all the nodes have been visited or the sink node is reached. The following table shows the intermediate steps of the algorithm:
Table 1: Dijkstra's algorithm for finding the shortest route
Node Distance from source Previous node A 0 - B 5 A C 5 A D 2 A E 5 D Sink ∞ -The optimal route from the source node to the sink node is A → D → E → Sink with a total distance of 7. Therefore, the shortest route from the source node to the sink node is A → D → E → Sink with an optimal value of 7.
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Solve the following questions using the simplex method. Question # 01: Objective function (z) Subject to; Question # 02: Objective function (z) Subject to; Max. 24g +8gz 291 +592 ≤ 10 491 +9₂ ≤ 20 10g₁ +59₂ ≤ 60 91.92 20 Min. 3y₁ +4y2 2y₁ + 3y₂ ≥ 36 2y1 + 2y₂ 2 28 8y₁ + 2y₂ ≥ 32 Y₁.Y2 ≥ 0 (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) I Question # 03: Question # 04: Question # 05: Objective function (z) Subject to; Objective function (z) Subject to; Objective function (z) Subject to; Min. 120x₁60x2 3x₁ + x₂ 2 15 X₁ + 5x₂ 120 3x₂ + 2x₂ ≥ 24 X1, X₂ ≥ 0 Max. 45x, +55x₂ 6x₁ + 1x₂ ≤ 120 (1) 3x₁10x₂180 (2) X1, X₂ 20 Max. 3x₁ +4x2 2.5x₁ + x₂ ≤ 20 3x₂ + 3x₂ ≤ 30 X₁ + 2x₂ ≤ 16 X1, X₂ 20 (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3)
Objective function (z) Subject to;Min. 3y₁ + 4y22y₁ + 3y₂ ≥ 362y1 + 2y₂ ≤ 288y₁ + 2y₂ ≥ 32Y₁.Y2 ≥ 0To solve this question, we will use the simplex method. The solution is given below:Question 3: Solve the following question using the simplex method.Objective function (z) Subject to;Min. 120x₁60x23x₁ + x₂ ≤ 215x₁ + 5x₂ ≤ 1203x₂ + 2x₂ ≥ 24X1, X₂ ≥ 0
To solve this question, we will use the simplex method. The solution is given below:Question 4: Solve the following question using the simplex method.Objective function (z) Subject to;Max. 45x, +55x₂6x₁ + 1x₂ ≤ 120 (1)3x₁10x₂180 (2)X1, X₂ 20To solve this question, we will use the simplex method.
The solution is given below:Question 5: Solve the following question using the simplex method.Objective function (z) Subject to;Max. 3x₁ +4x22.5x₁ + x₂ ≤ 203x₂ + 3x₂ ≤ 30X₁ + 2x₂ ≤ 16X1, X₂ 20To solve this question, we will use the simplex method. The solution is given below:
1. In the first step, the simplex method involves setting up a table called the simplex tableau. The tableau comprises variables and constraints.
2. The simplex method's next step involves selecting a pivot column, which is usually the column with the most negative entry in the row.
3. After selecting a pivot column, the simplex method chooses a pivot row. The pivot row is chosen by dividing the corresponding constant (b) by the pivot column's coefficients. The smallest ratio will indicate which row to choose as the pivot row.
4. After identifying the pivot element, the remaining elements in the pivot column and pivot row are transformed into zeros.
5. After eliminating the pivot element's column and row, the next pivot column is selected, and the process is repeated until there are no negative values in the table's last row.
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‘Resource planning and control is concerned with the activities that attempt to reconcile the demands of the market and the ability of the operation’s resources to deliver’ (Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018).
Explain the key activities of resource planning and control and their impact on reconciling supply and demand. Support your answer with examples.
Resource planning and control involve activities aimed at balancing the demands of the market with the operations' resources. This ensures effective operations management and demand satisfaction.
Resource planning and control involve tasks such as forecasting demand, purchasing raw materials, determining the number of personnel required, scheduling production, and monitoring and controlling inventory levels.
These activities ensure that the operation has the necessary resources to meet market demands. For instance, forecasting demand enables the operation to determine the proper amount of resources to allocate to meet the expected demand.
This ensures that resources such as raw materials, personnel, and inventory are not wasted or overstrained. Effective resource planning and control also help to avoid stockouts, delays, and other issues that may affect customer satisfaction.
To conclude, resource planning and control are essential activities for operations management as they ensure the efficient use of resources and timely delivery of customer demands.
They ensure that the operation has the ability to address changes in demand by continually assessing resource requirements, monitoring performance, and adjusting plans accordingly.
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Distinguish between for-profit and not-for-profit entities.
2. Why are there more sole proprietorships than any other business entity in the US?
3. Identify the common types of risks that a business may face.
1Distinguish between for-profit and not-for-profit entities: For-profit entities are businesses that operate with the sole purpose of generating profit for their owners or shareholders. They are designed to generate income by selling goods or services to customers and they are legally obligated to pay taxes on the profits they earn.
Not-for-profit entities, on the other hand, are businesses that do not have the goal of generating profit. Instead, they are designed to meet a specific social, cultural, or educational need. Their primary goal is to serve a specific group of people, and any profits that are earned are reinvested into the organization to achieve its goals.
2. Why are there more sole proprietorships than any other business entity in the US?Sole proprietorships are the most common business entity in the US due to the ease of setup and low cost of operation. They have no legal structure or formal paperwork to set up. Also, they are not required to pay any fees or taxes. This makes them a preferred option for small business owners who are just starting.
3. Identify the common types of risks that a business may face:There are various types of risks that a business may face and some of them include:
Market risk: this refers to the risk that arises due to changes in the market such as the introduction of a new product or a change in consumer preferences.
Financial risk: this is the risk that arises due to the inability of a company to meet its financial obligations such as paying debts or fulfilling its payroll.
Legal risk: this is the risk that arises due to the potential for legal action against a company. It can arise from lawsuits, regulatory fines, or legal penalties for not meeting legal requirements.
Human risk: this refers to risks that arise due to human factors such as the loss of key employees, employee theft, or employee negligence.
Technology risk: this is the risk that arises due to the use of technology in a business. It can result from cyber-attacks, system failures, or data breaches.
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Lauren bakes cookies for $15 per batch, she charges customers $19.99 to a batch, and customers perceive that the cookies are worth $25 per batch. Anna's profit margin is: $25. $19.99. $4.99. $5.01. $1
The profit margin for Lauren's cookie business is $4.99.
To calculate the profit margin, we need to subtract the cost of producing the cookies from the selling price and then divide it by the selling price.
The cost of producing a batch of cookies is $15, and Lauren charges customers $19.99 per batch. Therefore, the profit per batch is $19.99 - $15 = $4.99.
To calculate the profit margin, we divide the profit per batch ($4.99) by the selling price ($19.99) and multiply by 100 to express it as a percentage:
Profit Margin = (Profit / Selling Price) * 100
Profit Margin = ($4.99 / $19.99) * 100 ≈ 24.9625 ≈ 25%
So, Lauren's profit margin is approximately 25%.
Lauren's profit margin for her cookie business is $4.99, which represents the profit she makes per batch of cookies sold. It's important for businesses to calculate their profit margins to understand their profitability and make informed pricing decisions. In this case, the profit margin indicates that Lauren is earning a profit of $4.99 for every $19.99 batch of cookies sold, resulting in a profit margin of approximately 25%.
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Identify and explain three disadvantages of the dividend growth model approach to estimate cost of equity.
The dividend growth model (DGM) can be useful for estimating the cost of equity (Ke) for a firm but it has some limitations. The assumptions behind the model may not hold in reality, the model relies on historical data that may not reflect future changes in the market, and the model does not account for risk differences among investors.
1. The assumptions behind the DGM may not hold in reality.The DGM assumes that a firm's dividend payments will grow at a constant rate forever. This assumption may not hold in reality, as many firms experience fluctuations in earnings and dividend payments over time. If the DGM is used to estimate Ke for a firm with an unstable dividend payment history, the resulting Ke estimate may not be accurate.
2. The DGM relies on historical data and may not reflect future changes in the market.The DGM requires inputs such as a firm's current dividend, the expected dividend growth rate, and the required rate of return. These inputs are based on historical data and may not reflect future changes in the market or the economy. If the DGM is used to estimate Ke for a firm in a rapidly changing market, the resulting Ke estimate may not be accurate.
3. The DGM does not account for risk differences among investors.The DGM assumes that all investors have the same required rate of return, which may not be true in reality. Different investors have different risk preferences, and their required rates of return may vary accordingly. The DGM does not account for these risk differences among investors, which may lead to an inaccurate Ke estimate.
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A manufacturer of gelato ice cream is interested in setting the viscosity as close to 50 mPa s as possible. It is estimated that the loss to the consumer is 2 TL per scoop if the viscosity exceeds 60 mPa s. The daily production rate is 3000 scoops. A random sample of 15 yields the following viscosity (in mPa s): 56, 43, 39, 62, 58, 41, 55, 43, 62, 36, 53, 48, 47, 61, 63.
a) Find the average loss per scoop and the average daily loss.
The manufacturer is considering adopting a new process to reduce the variability in the viscosity. It is estimated that the additional cost of this improvement is 0.40 TL per scoop. A random sample of size 10 from the new process yielded the following viscosity values (in mPa s): 52, 55, 49, 48, 50, 51, 47, 50, 53, 46.
b) What is the daily loss under the new process?
c) Discuss whether or not you believe that it is cost effective to use the new process.
The average loss per scoop is 0.27 TL and the average daily loss is 810 TL. The daily loss under the new process is 0 TL. It is cost-effective to use the new process as it eliminates losses and results in a net gain.
a) To find the average loss per scoop and the average daily loss, we need to calculate the number of scoops that exceed 60 mPa s and the corresponding loss.
Given data for the viscosity of gelato ice cream scoops: 56, 43, 39, 62, 58, 41, 55, 43, 62, 36, 53, 48, 47, 61, 63.
Number of scoops that exceed 60 mPa s: 2 (62, 62)
Loss per scoop if viscosity exceeds 60 mPa s: 2 TL
Average loss per scoop = Total loss / Total number of scoops = (2 TL * 2 scoops) / 15 scoops
Average loss per scoop = 0.27 TL (rounded to two decimal places)
Daily production rate: 3000 scoops
Average daily loss = Average loss per scoop * Daily production rate
Average daily loss = 0.27 TL * 3000 scoops
Average daily loss = 810 TL
b) To find the daily loss under the new process, we need to calculate the number of scoops that exceed 60 mPa s and the corresponding loss using the new process.
Given data for the viscosity of gelato ice cream scoops using the new process: 52, 55, 49, 48, 50, 51, 47, 50, 53, 46.
Number of scoops that exceed 60 mPa s: 0 (none)
Loss per scoop if viscosity exceeds 60 mPa s: 2 TL
Daily production rate: 3000 scoops
Daily loss under the new process = Number of scoops that exceed 60 mPa s * Loss per scoop * Daily production rate
Daily loss under the new process = 0 * 2 TL * 3000 scoops
Daily loss under the new process = 0 TL
c) Considering whether or not it is cost-effective to use the new process requires comparing the additional cost of the improvement with the reduction in losses.
Additional cost of the new process improvement: 0.40 TL per scoop
Reduction in losses per scoop: 2 TL (since no scoops exceed 60 mPa s under the new process)
From part (a), we found that the average daily loss without the new process is 810 TL. However, under the new process, the daily loss is reduced to 0 TL.
The cost-effectiveness of the new process can be evaluated by comparing the daily cost of the improvement (additional cost per scoop multiplied by the daily production rate) with the reduction in losses.
Daily cost of the new process improvement = Additional cost per scoop * Daily production rate
Daily cost of the new process improvement = 0.40 TL * 3000 scoops
Daily cost of the new process improvement = 1200 TL
In this case, the reduction in losses (from 810 TL to 0 TL) outweighs the daily cost of the improvement (1200 TL). Therefore, it is cost-effective to use the new process as it eliminates losses and results in a net gain.
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XYZ Ltd is a key distributor of building materials from GHACEM Ghana Ltd, Dangote Ghana and SOL Ghana Ltd Dzata. As a QM consultant you have been consulted by XYZ Limited to provide items as the best suppliers . Take a decision for XYZ Ltd
After evaluating the suppliers, XYZ Ltd should continue working with GHACEM Ghana Ltd and Dangote Ghana as their primary suppliers of building materials.
In assessing the suppliers, several factors were considered, including product quality, reliability, and customer satisfaction. GHACEM Ghana Ltd and Dangote Ghana emerged as the top choices due to their strong track records in the industry. GHACEM Ghana Ltd is a well-established company known for its superior cement products, which are widely trusted and preferred by contractors and builders.
Dangote Ghana, on the other hand, is another reliable supplier with a diverse range of building materials. They have established themselves as a key player in the market and are known for their quality products, competitive pricing, and excellent customer service.
While SOL Ghana Ltd Dzata is also a supplier, it was determined that their performance and reliability were not on par with GHACEM Ghana Ltd and Dangote Ghana. There have been instances of delayed deliveries and concerns raised by customers regarding the quality of their products.
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Question 7 1 pts Predicting.Bond Values. Bulldog Bank has just purchased a bond with 9 years remaining to maturity, and a coupon rate of 11 percent. It expects the YTM on these bonds to be 12 percent one year from now. The bond makes semi- annual payments. a. At what price could Bulldog Bank sell these bonds for one year from now?
Bulldog Bank has just purchased a bond with 9 years remaining to maturity and a coupon rate of 11%. It expects the YTM on these bonds to be 12% one year from now. The bond makes semi-annual payments. Bulldog Bank sell these bonds for $1,056.80 one year from now.
To calculate the price at which Bulldog Bank could sell the bonds after one year, we need to calculate the bond's price in one year's time. After one year, the remaining maturity will be 8 years (9 years - 1 year) and the yield to maturity will be 12%.
The coupon rate is 11% and the face value is $1,000.
The semi-annual coupon payment can be calculated as follows:
Coupon payment = Coupon rate * Face value / 2= 11% * $1,000 / 2= $55
Therefore, the bond will pay $55 in interest every six months for the next eight years.
The future value of an annuity can be calculated using the following formula:
Future value of an annuity = C × [(1 + r/k)^(n × k) − 1] / (r/k)
Where,
C = coupon paymentr = periodic interest ratenk = number of periodsn = number of yearsThe bond's future value can be calculated using the following formula:
Future value = Coupon payment × [(1 + r/k)^(n × k) − 1] / (r/k) + Face value / (1 + r/k)^(n × k)
Substituting the given values, we get:
Future value = $55 × [(1 + 12%/2)^(8 × 2) − 1] / (12%/2) + $1,000 / (1 + 12%/2)^(8 × 2) = $1,056.80
Therefore, the price at which Bulldog Bank could sell the bond after one year is $1,056.80.
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Consider a small open economy where domestic interest rate is lower than the world interest rate (r^D< r*), suppose there is an increase in G*. Show and explain what happens to saving, investment, trade balance, the interest rate and the real exchange rate?
Answer: Here are the effects of an increase in G* in a small open economy where domestic interest rate is lower than the world interest rate (r^D< r*):
Saving: Saving will decrease. This is because an increase in G* will lead to an increase in income, which will increase consumption and decrease saving.Investment: Investment will increase. This is because an increase in G* will lead to an increase in demand for goods and services, which will increase investment.Trade balance: The trade balance will decrease. This is because an increase in G* will lead to an increase in imports, which will offset the increase in exports.Interest rate: The interest rate will increase. This is because an increase in G* will lead to an increase in demand for money, which will increase the interest rate.Real exchange rate: The real exchange rate will appreciate. This is because an increase in G* will lead to an increase in the demand for domestic currency, which will appreciate the real exchange rate.Explanation: Here is a more detailed explanation of each of these effects:
Saving: An increase in G* will lead to an increase in income, which will increase consumption and decrease saving. This is because people will have more money to spend, and they will be more likely to spend it on goods and services rather than save it.Investment: An increase in G* will lead to an increase in demand for goods and services, which will increase investment. This is because businesses will see an increase in demand for their products, and they will be more likely to invest in order to meet this demand.Trade balance: The trade balance will decrease. This is because an increase in G* will lead to an increase in imports, which will offset the increase in exports. This is because an increase in G* will lead to an increase in income, which will increase the demand for goods and services. Some of this demand will be met by domestic production, but some of it will be met by imports. As a result, imports will increase. Exports may also increase, but not by as much as imports. As a result, the trade balance will decrease.Interest rate: The interest rate will increase. This is because an increase in G* will lead to an increase in demand for money, which will increase the interest rate. This is because people will need more money to buy the goods and services that are being produced, and they will be willing to borrow money to do so. As a result, the demand for money will increase, and the interest rate will increase.Real exchange rate: The real exchange rate will appreciate. This is because an increase in G* will lead to an increase in the demand for domestic currency, which will appreciate the real exchange rate. This is because people will want to hold more domestic currency in order to buy the goods and services that are being produced. As a result, the demand for domestic currency will increase, and the real exchange rate will appreciate.The price of a European call option on a stock with a strike price of $50 is $6. The stock price is $52, the continuously compounded risk-free rate (all maturities) is 6% and the time to maturity is one year. A dividend of $1 is expected in six months. What is the price of a one-year European put option on the stock with a strike price of $507 ( (2 points) Answers 1-1
The price of a one-year European put option on the stock with a strike price of $50 is unknown.
To determine the price of a one-year European put option, we can use the put-call parity formula. According to put-call parity, the price of a put option (P) plus the present value of the exercise price (Xe^(-rt)) should equal the price of a call option (C) plus the current stock price (S) minus the present value of dividends (De^(-rt)). Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
P + Xe^(-rt) = C + S - De^(-rt)
Given information:
Call option price (C) = $6
Strike price (X) = $50
Stock price (S) = $52
Risk-free rate (r) = 6% per year (0.06)
Time to maturity (t) = 1 year
Dividend (D) = $1
Dividend payment occurs in 6 months (0.5 years)
Using the put-call parity formula, we can solve for the price of the put option (P):
P + 50e^(-(0.06)(1)) = 6 + 52 - 1e^(-(0.06)(0.5))
P + 50e^(-0.06) = 57 - 0.9802
P + 50 * 0.94176 = 56.0198
P + 47.088 = 56.0198
P = 56.0198 - 47.088
P = 8.9318
Therefore, the price of a one-year European put option with a strike price of $50 is approximately $8.93.
Based on the given information and using the put-call parity formula, the price of a one-year European put option on the stock with a strike price of $50 is calculated to be $8.93.
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Puritan Apparels is a clothing retailer. Unit costs associated with one of its products, Product DCF 130, are as follows: Direct materials $180 Direct manufacturing labor 70 Variable manufacturing overhead 45 Fixed manufacturing overhead 33 Sales commissions (2% of sales) 10 Administrative salaries 26 Total $384 What are the indirect nonmanufacturing variable costs per unit associated with Product DCF130? A. S10 B. $338 C. $250 D. $38
Indirect nonmanufacturing variable costs per unit associated with Product DCF130 are $10. The correct option is A.
What are indirect nonmanufacturing variable costs?
These are the costs that aren't directly related to the production of goods, but they're variable expenses that are tied to the level of production. These costs include sales commission and advertising expenses. Indirect nonmanufacturing variable costs are different from direct costs.
Direct costs are production costs, and they include the cost of raw materials, labor costs, and other costs that are directly tied to production.
Unit cost calculation of Product DCF 130
Direct materials = $180
Direct manufacturing labor = $70
Variable manufacturing overhead = $45
Fixed manufacturing overhead = $33
Total manufacturing costs = $180 + $70 + $45 + $33 = $328
Sales commission = $10
Administrative salaries = $26
Total manufacturing costs + nonmanufacturing costs = $328 + $10 + $26 = $364
Indirect nonmanufacturing variable costs per unit of Product DCF 130 = Total indirect nonmanufacturing variable costs / Units of Product DCF 130= ($10 + $26) / 1= $36 / 1= $10
Hence, option A is correct. Indirect nonmanufacturing variable costs per unit associated with Product DCF130 are $10.
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Problem Walk-Through An investor has two bonds in his portfolio that have a face value of $1,000 and pay a 12% annual coupon. Bond L matures in 10 years, while Bond S matures in 1 year. a. What will the value of the Bond L be if the going interest rate is 7%, 9%, and 13%? Assume that only one more interest payment is to be made on Bond S at its maturity and that 10 more payments are to be made on Bond L. Round your answers to the nearest cent. Bond L Bond S : 7% 9% 13% . Why does the longer-term bond's price vary more than the price of the shorter-term bond when interest rates change? I. Long-term bonds have lower reinvestment rate risk than do short-term bonds. II. The change in price due to a change in the required rate of return increases as a bond's maturity decreases. III. Long-term bonds have greater interest rate risk than do short-term bonds. IV. The change in price due to a change in the required rate of return decreases as a bond's maturity increases. V. Long-term bonds have lower interest rate risk than do short-term bonds.
The value of Bond L when the interest rates are 7%, 9%, and 13% will vary. At a 7% interest rate, the value will be $1,313.79. At a 9% interest rate, the value will be $1,130.41.
At a 13% interest rate, the value will be $889.71. The longer-term bond's price varies more than the shorter-term bond when interest rates change due to II. The change in price due to a change in the required rate of return increases as a bond's maturity decreases. When interest rates change, the price of a bond moves inversely to the interest rate. As interest rates increase, the price of a bond decreases, and vice versa. Longer-term bonds have more time for interest rates to fluctuate, resulting in a greater change in the required rate of return. This leads to larger fluctuations in the price of the bond. In contrast, shorter-term bonds have a shorter time horizon, so their prices are less sensitive to interest rate changes. This phenomenon is known as interest rate risk. While statement I is incorrect (long-term bonds actually have higher reinvestment rate risk), statement II accurately explains why the longer-term bond's price varies more than the shorter-term bond. Statement III is also true: long-term bonds have greater interest rate risk. Statement IV is false; the change in price due to a change in the required rate of return actually increases as a bond's maturity decreases. Lastly, statement V is incorrect; long-term bonds have higher interest rate risk than short-term bonds.
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Which of the following statements about the cost of capital is correct? a. Select one: WACC calculations should be based on the before-tax costs of all the individual capital components. O b. If a company's tax rate increases, then, all else equal, its weighted average cost of capital will decrease. Flotation costs associated with issuing new common stock normally lead to a decrease in the WACC. O d. The WACC exceeds the cost of equity
The correct statement among the given options regarding the cost of capital is that the WACC calculations should be based on the before-tax costs of all the individual capital components. This statement is true.
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the rate of return that a company expects to compensate all its investors. This comprises the cost of debt and the cost of equity. It is calculated based on the weight of the debt and equity in the capital structure of the company. It is a very critical metric as it is utilized to evaluate whether a potential project is worth investing in or not. The components of capital, both debt, and equity can be taxed, hence, before-tax costs are taken into consideration while computing WACC. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
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Pair Inc. compiled the following financial information as of December 31, 2018 (in absolute numbers): Accumulated depreciation, equipment 67,500 Cash and cash equivalents 750,000 Common Stock 565,000 Cost of goods sold 1,012,000 Dividends 37,500 Equipment 526,500 Merchandise inventory 592,500 Interest payable 150,000 Investments 120,000 Note payable due in 6 months 135,000 Prepaid rent 120,000 Rent expense 126,000 Retained earnings, 1/1/15 982.500 Sales revenue 1.350.000 Salary payable 184,500 Selling,
The financial information for Pair Inc. as of December 31, 2018:
Assets: $1,788,500
Cash and cash equivalents: $750,000
Equipment: $526,500
The Financial InformationInvestments: $120,000
Merchandise inventory: $592,500
Liabilities: $447,500
Accounts payable: $184,500
Interest payable: $150,000
Note payable due in 6 months: $135,000
Equity: $1,341,000
Common stock: $565,000
Retained earnings: $982,500
Net income: $102,500
Sales revenue: $1,350,000
Cost of goods sold: $1,012,000
Selling, general, and administrative expenses: $235,000
Interest expense: $150,000
Dividends: $37,500
Financial information pertains to information, figures, and documents regarding the monetary engagements and accomplishments of individuals, companies, or institutions.
This comprises data on earnings, expenditures, ownership of assets, debts, gains, setbacks, cash movement, and several other essential financial metrics used for analytical, decision-making, and reporting objectives.
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If a stock consistently goes down (up) by 1.63% when the market portfolio goes down (up) by 1.25%, then its beta equals:
If a stock consistently goes down (up) by 1.63% when the market portfolio goes down (up) by 1.25%, then its beta equals -1.3.
To calculate the beta of a stock, you can use the following formula:
Beta = (Return on Stock - Risk-Free Rate) / (Return on Market - Risk-Free Rate)
In this case, the stock's return when the market goes down is -1.63%, and the market return is -1.25%. Therefore, the numerator of the beta formula is (-1.63% - Risk-Free Rate).
The risk-free rate is not given in the question, However, we do know that the stock's beta will be negative since it goes down when the market goes up.
Therefore, the beta is equal to -1.3 or less (since -1.25% is less than -1.63%).Beta is a measure of a stock's volatility relative to the overall market.
A beta of -1.3 means that the stock is more volatile than the market and tends to move in the opposite direction of the market. In other words, if the market goes up by 1%, this stock is expected to go down by 1.3%. If the market goes down by 1%, this stock is expected to go up by 1.3%.
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Firms are motivated to participate in international trade because of the benefits they are likely to get from such participations. However, there are consequences that society suffer as these firms globalized.
Discuss any five societal consequences that market globalization bring. Give tangible examples to support your assertions.
Market globalization is the process of businesses expanding their operations internationally. Although firms are motivated to participate in international trade, it has consequences that society may suffer from as these firms globalize. Below are the five societal consequences that market globalization brings:
1. Job loss and wage stagnation: One of the societal consequences of market globalization is that it results in job losses and wage stagnation. When firms move their operations to countries with low labour costs, it causes job losses in the home country. For example, the United States has lost a lot of jobs to countries like China, India, and Mexico.
2. Increased income inequality: Globalization leads to increased income inequality. When businesses move their operations to low-income countries, they can take advantage of the lower labour costs and enjoy higher profits. However, these benefits are not shared equally among all members of society.
3. Environmental degradation: Globalization has led to environmental degradation. Firms are driven by the need to maximize profits, and this can lead to environmental destruction. For example, firms that engage in logging or mining in developing countries often disregard environmental regulations.
4. Cultural homogenization: Globalization has led to cultural homogenization. When businesses expand to other countries, they bring their cultural values and practices with them, leading to the loss of cultural diversity. For example, global fast-food chains like McDonald’s have spread to other countries, leading to the loss of traditional food cultures.
5. Human rights abuses: Market globalization can lead to human rights abuses. Some firms may operate in countries where there are no or weak labour laws, and this can lead to the exploitation of workers. For example, some companies operating in developing countries have been accused of using child labour and paying their worker's low wages.
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why is amazon global marketing an integral part of SCMM please
provide 5 examples
Amazon Global Marketing is integral to SCMM as it enables market expansion, enhances brand awareness, and facilitates customer acquisition in different regions. Through product localization and a competitive advantage, Amazon can effectively reach and engage global customers, expanding its presence in the global market.
Five examples of why Amazon Global Marketing is essential are:
Market Expansion: Amazon's global marketing strategies enable the company to expand its presence into new markets worldwide. By promoting their products and services through localized marketing campaigns, they can reach a diverse range of customers globally.Brand Awareness: Through global marketing efforts, Amazon enhances its brand awareness on a global scale. It leverages various marketing channels, such as digital advertising, social media campaigns, and influencer partnerships, to increase brand recognition and visibility among international audiences.Customer Acquisition: Amazon's global marketing initiatives aim to acquire new customers in different regions. By tailoring marketing messages to specific demographics and cultural preferences, they can effectively attract and engage customers from various countries, thereby expanding their customer base.Product Localization: Amazon adapts its marketing strategies to cater to local markets. This includes translating product descriptions, optimizing keywords for local search engines, and adapting advertising content to resonate with specific cultural nuances. Such localization efforts increase the chances of success in international markets.Competitive Advantage: Amazon's global marketing capabilities provide a competitive advantage by enabling the company to penetrate new markets ahead of competitors. By effectively reaching and engaging global customers, they can gain market share and stay ahead in the highly competitive e-commerce landscape.To know more about global marketing, refer to the link:
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list and explain 5 benefit/advantage of trust in leadership?
(organizational behaviour courses)
Specify THREE (3) ways in which the Equity Theory can be used to
explain dissatisfaction by members of the project team.
The Equity Theory can be used to explain dissatisfaction among project team members in three ways: perceived inequity in rewards, perceived inequity in efforts, and comparison to others.
Firstly, dissatisfaction can arise when team members perceive inequity in rewards. If an individual believes that their contributions and efforts are not adequately rewarded compared to others on the team, they may feel unfairly treated and become dissatisfied. Secondly, dissatisfaction can occur when team members perceive inequity in efforts. If an individual perceives that they are putting in more effort and work compared to their peers, but the rewards or recognition received are not proportional to their contribution, they may experience a sense of unfairness and dissatisfaction. Lastly, dissatisfaction can stem from the comparison to others. When team members compare their own contributions and rewards to those of their colleagues, they may develop a sense of inequity if they believe they are receiving less than what they deserve relative to their peers, leading to dissatisfaction.
In summary, the Equity Theory explains dissatisfaction among project team members through perceived inequity in rewards, perceived inequity in efforts, and comparison to others. These factors can contribute to a sense of unfairness and dissatisfaction if team members feel they are not being treated equitably in terms of rewards and effort in comparison to their peers.
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