The chances that a puppy will be deaf is 25%.
The term "allele" refers to a gene's alternative form or versions. People inherit one allele for each autosomal gene from each parent, and the alleles are usually classified.
In genetics, heterozygous means having inherited different versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent.
If they are both heterozygous, they have the Dd genotype. If you draw a punnet square Dd x Dd, you will get the following genotypes for the puppy: DD, Dd, Dd, dd.
Due to the fact that deafness is recessive, the puppy must be dd, which is 1/4 (25%).
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how common are mutations during dna replication? a. about 5 nucleotides in 6.5 billion are changed during each replication. b. about 50 nucleotides in 6.5 billion are changed during each replication. c. no nucleotides are changed during each replication. d. about 5,000 nucleotides in 6.5 billion are changed during each replication. e. about 500 nucleotides in 6.5 billion are changed during each replication.
The mutations are common in the sense that about 5 nucleotides in 6.5 billion are changed during each replication (Option a).
What is the mutation rate?The mutation rate refers to the number of nucleotide changes that emerge at each replication cycle of the DNA molecule, which varies between different types of organisms, especially when comparing prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the mutation rate is the number of alterations in the DNA molecule after replication and the number is variable between different groups of species in nature.
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which of the following provides support for the endosymbiotic hypothesis? multiple choice mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genomes. double membranes are around mitochondria and chloroplasts. mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genes that are strikingly similar to bacterial genes. mitochondria and chloroplasts can synthesize proteins. all of the above statements provide support for the endosymbiotic hypothesis.
Statements that provide support for the endosymbiotic hypothesis are mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genomes, double membranes are around mitochondria and chloroplasts, mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genes that are strikingly similar to bacterial genes and mitochondria and chloroplasts can synthesize proteins.
The Endosymbiotic Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells have been as soon as cardio bacteria (prokaryote) that have been ingested via way of means of a huge anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote). This principle explains the beginning of eukaryotic cells.
The endosymbiotic speculation for the beginning of mitochondria (and chloroplasts) indicates that mitochondria are descended from specialised bacteria (possibly crimson nonsulfur bacteria) that one way or the other survived endocytosis via way of means of every other species of prokaryote or a few different cell type, and have become included into the cytoplasm.
Correct option is 5) All of the above.
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what is another term for the cellular response that results in the delay of division of cells in the cell cycle?
Mitotic delay is another name for the cellular reaction that causes a delay in cell division during the cell cycle. Microtubule poisons that cause a mitotic delay also activate DNA damage signalling, which has an impact on subsequent cell cycle progression and apoptosis.
The term "mitotic catastrophe" refers to a mechanism of postponed mitosis-related cell death, a series of circumstances resulting from cells entering mitosis prematurely or inappropriately, which can be brought on by chemical or physical stresses. Mitotic catastrophe, which is seen in cells lacking functional apoptotic pathways, is unrelated to programmed cell death. It has been noticed after ionising radiation-induced delayed DNA damage. Other factors that can cause it include substances that affect the integrity of microtubule spindles, some anticancer medications, and mitotic failure brought on by faulty cell cycle checkpoints. When there are errors in the division of the genetic material between daughter cells, this mechanism can go into action. The main cause of reproductive cell death in cancer cells exposed to ionising radiation is mitotic catastrophe. Many cells die after an aberrant mitosis brought on by a mitotic catastrophe, however not all do. Following subsequent attempts at cell division, cells that do not immediately die are likely to produce aneuploid cells, which increases the risk of oncogenesis. Using meiotic cell division pathways, a tiny portion of these aneuploid cells produced by mitotic catastrophe may later undergo reductive division to decrease DNA ploidy.
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what is the main fate of pyruvate in skeletal muscle when oxygen is limited, such in the first minute of high intensity exercise? what is the purpose of this reaction in muscle during exercise? what happens to the product of this reaction in the body?
NAD+ is produced during the production of lactate, and it can be recycled during glycolysis.
Intensity and an example are what?According to the dictionary, intensity is the characteristic of being extremely powerful, concentrated, or difficult, or the strength or difficulty level of anything. Being able to run at your full speed for miles on end is an example of intensity. The speed at which a treadmill is going is an illustration of intensity. noun.
What is light intensity?The pace at which light disperses over a surface of a specific region some distances from a source is referred to as intensity. The intensity changes depending on the source's power and distance from it.
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what is found in plant cells but not yeast cells
Answer:
The plant cell wall is made up of cellulose but that of the yeast is a fungi and its cell wall is made up of chitin
Answer:
Yeast cells lack chloroplasts.
Explanation:
As heterotrophs, yeasts. They cannot make their own food through photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are absent in yeast cells.
____________________
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1. At what auxin concentration
are the stems stimulated to grow the most?
Auxin in high concentrations increases stem development while inhibiting root growth.
Why do roots grow?Under ideal circumstances, root growth happens equally well from nursery stock that has been grown in containers, fields, or as bare roots. This enables the tree to continue growing vigorously and establish itself fast. The structure of the root system is another fac tree formation tor in.
Trimming roots encourages growth?Long used in nursery tree development as well as to manage fruit tree vigor and cropping. Despite the anecdotal evidence suggesting pruning can promote root growth and can be especially helpful in reversing the effects of root circling, gardeners are frequently hesitant to cut and clip roots.
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Look at the diagram. What is the compound shown? Give the name, not the symbols.
Answer:
where is that diagram shown
Is water wet? If not, explain?
Answer: yes
Explanation:
because its water
metamorphosis is . group of answer choices the evolutionary transition from fishes to amphibians. an intermediate condition, such as length of legs in mice between longer legs of some mice and shorter legs in others, a condition caused by varied gene expression during development (hox genes). changing of one body form to another within a species, such as the change from an aquatic tadpole to a terrestrial frog. the developmental changing of a scale to a feather.
Metamorphosis is the change from one body form to another within a species, such as the change from a water tadpole to a land frog.
Metamorphosis is a process of growth and development of an animal that affects body shape and physical appearance. Metamorphosis is divided into two types:
Imperfect metamorphosis is a change in form in an animal whose growth and development go through 3 stages, namely egg, nymph, and imago (adult animal). In this metamorphosis, nymphs are young animals that are similar to adult animals but smaller in size with different body ratios.Complete metamorphosis is a change in form in an animal whose growth and development undergoes 4 stages, namely egg, larva, cocoon/pupae, and imago (adult animal). Animals that undergo this metamorphosis have different forms when they are young (larvae) and when they are adults (imago).Learn more about the metamorphosis here https://brainly.com/question/24206831
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What is determined by genes that direct the amount of eumelanin or pheomelanin produced by
melanocytes associated with hair follicles?
The type and amount of melanin produced by melanocytes is determined by genes. Eumelanin is a dark brown to black pigment that is responsible for brown and black hair colors. Pheomelanin is a reddish-brown pigment that is responsible for red and blonde hair colors.
What are eumelanin and pheomelanin?
A dark pigment called eumelanin is the main component of black and brunette hair. The pigment eumelanin comes in two varieties (brown eumelanin and black eumelanin). Blond hair is reportedly caused by a minor amount of brown eumelanin in the absence of other pigments. The redder parts of the skin, such as the lips, are concentrated with pheomelanin, a lighter pigment that is present in red hair. People with red hair typically have fairly pale skin that burns rapidly when exposed to the sun because they are less able to produce the dark eumelanin pigment.
The amount of a pigment called melanin in hair determines hair color. People with black or brown hair have high levels of eumelanin, one kind of melanin. Red hair is caused by an excess of pheomelanin, another pigment.
Hence, eumelanin and pheomelanin are responsible for hair color.
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complex structures like supramolecular systems and organelles are formed from macromolecules through the process of
The method by which organelles and other complex structures like systems are created.
Which organelle is the most important?The nuclear is arguably the most significant cellular organelle. In fact, the mere existence of a core is seen to be one of a eukaryotic cell's distinguishing characteristics. Since this structure is where the cell cycle is stored and where the process of reading it starts, it is extremely Since this structure is where the cell cycle is stored and where the process of reading it starts, it is extremely.
What are functions of organelle?Cytosolic components known as organelles perform tasks required to keep the cell's homeostasis in check. They have a part in a variety of functions, including the production of proteins and secretions, the elimination of toxins, and the interpretation of outside signals.
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why do other species have such different ranges of sensitivity for both visual and auditory stimuli compared to humans?
In order to best fit their specific environmental niches, other species have evolved. Due to the fact that only noises within this frequency range can cause the cochlea in humans to be stimulated, humans have a limited range of auditory sensitivity. Because the cochlea's hair cells have varied lengths, they can pick up different sound frequencies.
The pressure fluctuations caused by vibrating molecules are known as sound waves. The three psychological aspects of sound—loudness, pitch, and timbre—are influenced by the physical properties of sound waves. The amplitude, or height, of sound waves determines how loud something is. The perceived sound volume increases with increasing amplitude.
Although different frequencies of sounds (tones) have the same sound pressure levels, the human ear does not respond to them all equally. The subjective or individual magnitude of a sound is referred to as its loudness. A sound's loudness is not inversely proportional to its sound pressure level and varies depending on the frequency.
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why is phosphorylation/dephosphorylation a prominent switch mechanism (compared to allosteric binding)?
Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is a prominent switch mechanism (compared to allosteric binding) because It is a rapid mechanism to switch on/off, and universally (targeting Tyr, Ser, Thr residues).
An event that occurs primarily on a protein surface, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are significant posttranslational changes of natural proteins. These biological mechanisms are crucial for intracellular signal transduction cascades and enzymatic activity switching. It is essential to select fluorogenic probes with high binding affinity to phosphorylated peptides and proteins if you want to be able to see these activities in real time.
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uiuc anth 246 what other traits in humans do you think follow the characteristics of simple inherited traits?
The following traits are examples of simple inherited traits: They are monogenic, or caused by just one particular gene. They could be binary or discontinuous.
What sort of characteristics are examples?Characteristics like honesty, loyalty, kindness, and impatience are examples of character traits. These are just a few of the many character traits that might help you better understand yourself or the people around you.
What characteristics are common?The most common system of attributes is the Five-Factor Theory. The acronym OCEAN, which stands for Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, & Neuroticism, can be used to remember these five basic characteristics.
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what is the connection between ATP and the two other energy-carrying molecules in cellular respiration?
Answer:
6
Explanation:
After an initial infection, b-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?.
Answer:
The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.
Explanation:
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Answer: See Below
Explanation:
B-cells function is to memorize the characteristics of the antigen that activated their parent B cell during initial infection such that if the memory B cell later encounters the same antigen, it triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response.
in crosses between fish of the two different morphologies, the lack of bony armor segregates as a recessive trait that maps to the ectodermal dysplasin (eda) gene. comparisons between the eda-coding regions of the armored and non-armored fish revealed no differences. what is the explanation for this result? in crosses between fish of the two different morphologies, the lack of bony armor segregates as a recessive trait that maps to the ectodermal dysplasin (eda) gene. comparisons between the eda-coding regions of the armored and non-armored fish revealed no differences. what is the explanation for this result? the difference between the two species of sticklebacks would be in allelic forms of eda. the difference between the two species of sticklebacks would be regulatory sequences controlling eda expression. the difference between the two species of sticklebacks would be some other gene controlling the development of bony plates. the difference between the two species of sticklebacks would be conferred by environmental signals.
The explanation for the result of comparisons between the EDA-coding regions of the armoured and non-armoured fish revealed no differences in the difference between the two species of sticklebacks that would be conferred by environmental signals.
Thus, the correct option is E.
What is ectodermal dysplasia (EDA)?The EDА gene provides instructions for mаking а protein cаlled ectodysplаsin А. This protein is pаrt of а signаling pаthwаy thаt plаys аn importаnt role in development before birth. Specificаlly, it is criticаl for interаctions between two embryonic cell lаyers cаlled the ectoderm аnd the mesoderm.
Аrmor plаte chаnges in sticklebаcks аre а clаssic exаmple of repeаted аdаptive evolution. Previous studies identified ectodysplаsin (EDА) gene аs the mаjor locus controlling recurrent plаte loss in freshwаter fish. Here we show thаt freshwаter EDА аlleles hаve cis-аcting regulаtory chаnges thаt reduce expression in developing plаtes аnd spines. Аn identicаl T → G bаse pаir chаnge is found in EDА enhаncers of divergent low-plаted fish. Recreаtion of the T → G chаnge in а mаrine enhаncer strongly reduces expression in posterior аrmor plаtes.
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An occult blood test is a fecal test to determine gastrointestinal ______________ that is not visible.
Though not all tumours or polyps bleed, occult blood in the stool may be an indication of colon cancer or polyps in the colon or rectum.
What is occult gastric blood?A quick screening test called Gastroccult is intended to find hidden blood in gastric aspirate or vomitus. Doctors can diagnose and treat a variety of disorders, including gastrointestinal secretions, hernatemosis, and abnormal stomach acid, with the help of gastric content analysis.
What is the most frequent source of occult blood in stools?Some of the more common causes are small bowel tumours, esophagitis, peptic ulcers, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, vascular ectasias, portal hypertensive gastropathy, and colon cancer.
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if almost every surface we touch is inhabited by bacteria, why don't bacterial infections occur more often?
It is because our immune system fights off bacteria.
In most cases, bacteria and the immune system communicate through proteins on the surfaces of the bacteria that the immune system recognizes.
Additionally, certain bacteria produce chemicals that affect our immune cells, either by altering their composition or function by producing more or fewer immune cells.
A strong immune system can fight against pathogens—or disease-causing microorganisms—invading healthy tissue, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and cancer cells.
The fight against the COVID-19 pandemic depends on our ability to comprehend how the immune system functions and how we can better safeguard our bodies.
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What is a group of cells that run from left to right and are identified by numbers?.
Using the concepts of cell ,we got that range is a group of cells that run from left to right and identified by numbers.
Cell, in biology, is basically the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all the living things are composed. A single cell is also a complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium or yeast. Other cells which acquire specialized functions as they mature. These cells cooperate also with other specialized cells and become building blocks of large multicellular organisms, such as humans and other animals.
Hence, the group of cells that run from left to right and are identified by numbers is range.
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1. What is fluid? What states of matter are considered fluids?
2. What role does blood have in the human body?
3. In what way(s) can fluids be harmful to society or the environment?
4. Describe 3 examples (s) in which fluids can help a machine operator.
5. List 3 of the fluids in our bodies that are important for our survival.
Please don't copy and paste
Answer:
1. Fluids are substances such as liquid and gas that can easily flow and have random molecular motion.
2. Blood transports oxygen to many parts of our bodies. It also takes carbon dioxide to the lungs, kidneys, or other filters to be removed from our bodies.
3. When a fluid is contaminated, it may cause serious damage to the environment. For example, if an organism consumes polluted water, it could get very sick and possibly die.
4. Fluids such as water can be used to cut metal by being sprayed at a high speed. Gasoline is used to run all kinds of machines. Water can also be used to clean and cool down machines.
5. Blood, sweat, and urine are all important fluids in our bodies and are created by our bodies.
Explanation:
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5) in contrast to inorganic catalysts, enzymes have an intricately shaped binding surface called the . a) substrate b) cofactor c) active site d) apoenzyme e) holoenzyme
In contrast to inorganic catalysts, enzymes have an intricately shaped binding surface called the - active site.
The correct option is c.
Proteins called enzymes aid in accelerating our bodies' chemical processes, or metabolism. Some compounds are created, while others are broken down. Enzymes are a part of all living things. Enzymes are created by our bodies spontaneously.
The vital function of enzymes is to reduce the activation energy of a process, or the amount of energy required for the reaction to start. In order to facilitate the chemical bond-breaking and bond-forming processes, enzymes bind to reactant molecules and keep them in place.
Metals and their oxides supported on porous materials are examples of inorganic catalysts, also known as heterogeneous catalysts, which imitate the exquisite function of enzymes found in nature's catalysts. Through adsorption, the reactants attach to the active sites on the metal surface.
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human enzymes digest proteins in which areas of the body? multiple choice mouth and stomach mouth and small intestine small and large intestines stomach and small intestine
Protein digestion starts at stomach and mainly proteins are digested in the small intestine which has all the enzymes.
Amino acids are used to make dietary proteins. Protein from food can be used by the body for energy, muscular building, or integration into substances containing nitrogen. Protein is first broken down into smaller peptides in the stomach by an enzyme called pepsin, and then it is further broken down in the small intestine by pancreatic and intestinal lining enzymes. These peptides are subsequently converted into dipeptides and tripeptides, which can pass through the lining of the intestine. Any of these processes that are changed or aberrant might lead to disorders of protein digestion.
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Answer all please I need it asap
1. A(n) _____________________ transports electrons, along with their energy, to another molecule.
2. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
3. In the __________________________, NADPH and ATP combine with carbon dioxide to produce sugars.
4. In the _________________________, light energy from the sun splits water and generates ATP and NADPH.
5. True / False: Chloroplasts are organelles found in the cells of heterotrophs.
6. True / False: Autotrophs need light in order to carry out photosynthesis.
1. A(n) electron-carrier molecule transports electrons, along with their energy, to another molecule.
2. The equation for photosynthesis is given below as follows:
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + light energy ----> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂3. In the light-independent reaction, NADPH and ATP combine with carbon dioxide to produce sugars.
4. In the light-dependent reaction, light energy from the sun splits water and generates ATP and NADPH.
5. Chloroplasts are organelles found in the cells of heterotrophs is False.
6. Autotrophs need light in order to carry out photosynthesis is True
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water molecules using the energy of sunlight.
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages:
light stage or light-dependent reactiondark stage or light-independent reactionOrganisms that produce their own foods are called autotrophs whereas organisms that depend on already-made food are heterotrophs.
Autotrophs have chloroplasts in their cells whereas heterotrophs lack chloroplasts in their cells.
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What is one of the most important substances that goes across the cell membrane?
Answer: Water
Explanation: Water passes quite easily across most membranes, even though many solute molecules cannot. An important process known as Osmosis is the result.
explain the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction and evolution, distinguishing between somatic and germ-line cells (gametes).
Meiosis is a process that takes place while gametes develop and results in cells with half the usual amount of chromosomes.
By preventing reduction division, meiosis prevents an increase in the number of chromosomes.
Any cell in a multicellular organism that is not a germ-line cell is referred to as a somatic cell. Gametes, or germ-line cells, are haploid reproductive cells (eggs and sperm). During fertilization, combine to create a zygote.
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explain the test the scientist devised to examine cats knowledge
Cats knowledge is tested via the objects showing to the cats if they look for it or not.
What is the cats level of intelligence ?A cat's behavior is exactly to that of 2 years old toddler.
To test a cat's intelligence, show a cat a toy and hide the object behind something. In case if the cat tries to find the toy behind the object then the cat may have above-average intelligence. A try can be done on this as well that we can also try placing a container of your cat's food or treats next to its food bowl.
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how does dna code for specific proteins within a cell
Answer:
Genetic code refers to the instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein. Each gene’s code uses the four nucleotide bases of DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) — in various ways to spell out three-letter “codons” that specify which amino acid is needed at each position within a protein.
Explanation:
explain what biological process are occurring for the specific changes in co2 observed (for both light and dark conditions). elaborate on this by including an explanation for the reactants and products (internal processes)?
The biological process responsible for the precise changes in CO2 that have been seen is photosynthesis (for both light and dark conditions). Carbon dioxide and water are the reactants of photosynthesis, and light energy transforms them into glucose and oxygen (the products).
Plants ingest water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) during photosynthesis from the soil and atmosphere. In contrast to carbon dioxide, which is reduced within the plant cell and gains electrons, water is oxidized within the partition of the plant. Due to this, carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen, respectively. Once the oxygen has been returned to the atmosphere, the plant stores energy within glucose molecules.
Accordingly, we can conclude that the biological process is responsible for the specific changes in CO2 that have been observed in photosynthesis. The reactants, carbon dioxide and water, are changed into glucose and oxygen by light energy during photosynthesis.
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how was stone tool technology important to homo evolution? discuss one physical change or one cultural change in either homo habilis or homo erectus that was enabled by tool use.
Early human creations, such as stone tools and other artefacts, provide evidence of how they lived, interacted mostly with their environment, and changed over time.
Early stone tools, now called as the Oldowan Industrial Complex, were made and used by habilis. These were pebble cores having rough flaking struck off, making "choppers," whose pointed edge was perfect for butchering, chopping, and scraping off flesh from bones.
Many people believe that the earliest Homo species, like Homo habilis, credited with inventing the first basic (Oldowan) stone tools. However, when Homo erectus first showed up in Africa 1.8–1.7 million years ago, a fresh stone tool technology known as the Acheulian, mostly with purposefully moulded large cutting tools like handaxes, emerged.
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