10. In which of the following situations is a biotechnologist most likely to decide to use directed evolution as an enzyme engineering technique as opposed to rational design?
A) When a structure of the
enzyme is available to aid engineering
B) When the enzyme can only be
screened in a low throughput manner
C) When the enzyme mechanism
is understood and provides insight to engineering
D) When current data allows
molecular modelling techniques to be used predictively
E)When none of the above are true

The reaction that is balanced and shows incomplete combustion is:

2 C₅H₁₂ + 11 O₂--> 10 CO + 12 H₂0; option B.

A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen to release large amounts of heat and light energy.

In the combustion of carbon-containing compounds, carbon dioxide and water are usually produced.

In incomplete combustion of carbon compounds, carbon monoxide or carbon (ii) oxide is produced.

For a balanced reaction, the moles of atoms of elements on the reactant side are equal to the moles of atoms on the product side.

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Using the Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, there are six  electron dense areas in the compound.

According to the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, the number of electron pairs that surround the valence shell of the central atom of the molecule is the determinant factor of the  shape of the molecule.

Thus, the repulsion between the electron pairs would make  the compound to assume a certain shape as the electrons would be able to maximize the repulsion that does exists between them.

In this case, we have a compound that have a central tom that is surround be six electron pairs that surround the central atom and they are all bond pairs of electron thus we would have six areas of electron density.

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Answer:

0.40 mole of A

Explanation:

1 mole of A to produce 2 moles of C

so the number of mole of A to produce 0.80 mole of C is:

(0.80 x 1)/(2) = 0.40 mole

Density = mass/Volume    or    D = m/V  

Given:  V = 22.3 gal

           D = 0.8206 g/mL

1)  Rearrange the equation to solve for m

2)  Find conversion factor(s) and convert V from gal to mL (by dimensional analysis) so the units cancel

3)  Solve for m in g

4)  Find conversion factor(s) and convert m from g → lbs

1)  D = m/V  rearranges to  m = D ∗ V

2)  1 gal = 3.785 L  and  1 L = 1000 mL;     22.3 gal  ∗  3.785  L/1 gal  ∗  1000 mL/1 L   =  84 406 mL

3)  m =  0.8206 g/mL  ∗  84 406 mL    =  69 260 g

4)  1 lb = 453.6 g;   69 260  g  ∗  1 lb/453.6 g   =  153 lbs

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The statement "OH (hydrogen) was oxidized and S (sulfur) was reduced" is true about this chemical equation.

This chemical reaction is between Sulfur dioxide and nitric acid along with water. When nitric acid reacts with Sulfur dioxide, it gives sulfuric acid and nitrogen monoxide.

In the reaction, the hydrogen atoms in H₂O are oxidized to form H₂SO₄, and the sulfur atoms in SO₂ are reduced to form H₂SO₄.

Therefore, the OH from the water molecule gets oxidized to give out Sulfuric acid. Likewise, the Sulfur from Sulfur dioxide reduces to form the product that is sulfuric acid.

Therefore, the best option that suits the reaction is OH (hydrogen) was oxidized and S (sulfur) was reduced.

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Answer:

I believe the above answer is correct after my test i will let everyone know.

Explanation:

The pH of a solution prepared by adding 25.0 mL of 0.199 M ammonia to 25 mL of 0.199 M hydrochloric acid solution is less than 7.

The pH of a solution is calculated as follows;

pH = - log ([H⁺])

Also, pH = 14 - pOH

The pH of the solution is determined as follows;

Moles of HCl = 0.199 M * 25 mL * 1L/1000 mL

moles of acid = 0.004975 moles

Moles of NH₃ = 0.199 M * 25 mL * 1L/1000 mL

moles of NH₃ = 0.004975 moles

0.004975 moles of HCl reacts with 0.004975 moles of NH₃

Since NH₃ is a weak acid, the pH of the solution is slightly lower than 7.

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Explanation:

c=v * lambada

No, there are no  concerns if you wait an hour or two after you calibrate the spectrophotometer to obtain the absorbance of your solutions and unknown as it will not change because the light source is not aging faster but if your light source age faster, then there are concerns.

In the case above, light source is the issue because it is deteriorating quickly. If you're lucky, the lamp's usable life will be at least four digits of hours. On the other hand, allowing the lamp to stabilize itself speeds up aging. Given the limited lifespan, it is advisable to calibrate frequently such as daily.

The calibration rate is determined by the goal of the measurement. For most photometric tests, parameter variations in the interval between calibration and measurement will be negligibly large enough to significantly increase the overall measurement error. (Take note that the amount of error in typical analytical measurements, including sample preparation, is often at or above 10%.)

The routine calibration then appears to be unnecessary because the effort you put out will be pointless. In any instance, the experimental analysis of the impact of daily or biweekly calibration (often conducted inside validation studies) will offer the response.

It may even make sense to calibrate the instrument every 5 or 10 operational hours if you are using it continuously for a long length of time. If the manufacturer changes the cuvette materials (they will also change the Lot No.), you should recalibrate depending on the light source's lifespan and the materials you used to place your samples there. however, you should be cautious of dust because it might significantly alter the outcomes if the lenses have dirt.

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Volume of water will be needed to make a solution of 5.0 M MgO with 200 g MgO is 25 L.

given that :

molarity of MgO = 5 M

mass of MgO = 200 g

molar mass of MgO = 40 g/mol

number of moles = mass / molar mass

number of moles of MgO = 200 g / 40 g/mol

                                           = 5 mol

molarity of solution is given as :

molarity = moles of solute / volumes in L

volume = moles / molarity

volume = 5 × 5

             = 25 L

Thus, Volume of water will be needed to make a solution of 5.0 M MgO with 200 g MgO is 25 L.

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Explanation:

E=hv

6.626*10power of -34 * 587khz

The structural formula for 2,2-dimethylbutane in the above task is (CH3)3CCH2CH3.

The correct answer choice is option b.

It follows that the structural formula for the above compound in the above task has 4 carbon atoms as the parent chain and has 2 different methyl substituents on the same carbon 2.

The image to the paper work is attached for more clearity.

The compound; 2,2-dimethylbutane ( (CH3)3CCH2CH3 ) belong to an alkane family. They have a general formula CnH2n+2.

So therefore, we can now confirm from the explanation given above that the only correct answer for the structural formula of the compound above is (CH3)3CCH2CH3

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The metal that absorbs the greatest amount of heat energy is lead.

Heat energy is the result of the movement of tiny particles called atoms, molecules  liquids and gases. Heat energy can be transferred from one object to another. The transfer or flow due to the difference in temperature between the two objects is called heat.

The equation that relates the specific heat capacity to the heat absorbed by the metal is given by:

q= m[tex]C_{p}[/tex]ΔT       where q = heat absorbed by the the metal, m = mass  of the metal, [tex]C_{p}[/tex] = heat capacity of the metal and ΔT is the change in temperature

In the above given question, the mass of the metal and change in the temperature is the same for all the metals. Therefore, we can determine the metal that will absorb the lowest amount of energy by using the specific heat capacity.

From the equation the heat absorbed by the metal (q) is directly proportional to the specific heat ([tex]C_{p}[/tex]). Hence we can see that lead has the highest specific heat capacity and therefor Lead absorbs the maximum amount of heat.

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Answer:

298k

Explanation:

because 298k is lower than 302k

The volume of oxygen is 14.7 litres.

What is volume?

volume is a measure of occupied three dimensional space.

Sol-Balanced chemical reaction: C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O.

m(C₃H₈-propane) = 5.53 g.

n(C₃H₈) = m(C₃H₈) ÷ M(C₃H₈).

n(C₃H₈) = 5.53 g ÷ 44.1 g/mol.

n(C₃H₈) = 0.125 mol.

From chemical reaction: n(C₃H₈) : n(O₂) = 1 : 5.

n(O₂) = 0.625 mol.

T = 25° = 298.15K.

p = 1.04 atm.

R = 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K.

Ideal gas law: p·V = n·R·T .

V(O₂) = n·R·T / p.

V(O₂) = 0.625 mol · 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K · 298.15 K / 1.04 atm.

V(O₂) = 14.7 L.

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Answer:

The answer is if a solid gets dissolved in a liquid then sedimentation and decantation cannot be used because these methods are used to separate an insoluble solid substance but if we add a little sugar or salt it will dissolve in the liquids it is soluble solid making it hard to separate.

Explanation:

I hope this helps

Taking into account the change of units, the 3.20 bar in atm is 3.15815 atm.

The rule of three is a way of solving problems of proportionality between three known values and an unknown value, establishing a relationship of proportionality between all of them.

If the relationship between the magnitudes is direct, the direct rule of three must be applied. To solve a direct rule of three, the following expression must be followed, being a, b and c known data and x the variable to be calculated:

a ⇒ b

c ⇒ x

So: x= (c×b)÷a

The direct rule of three is the rule applied in this case where there is a change of units.

You can apply the following rule of three: if 1.01325 bar equals 1 atm, 3.20 bar equals how many atm?

1.01325 bar ⇒ 1 atm

3.20 bar ⇒ x

So: x= (3.20 bar× 1 atm)÷ 1.01325 bar

Solving:

x= 3.15815 atm

In summary, the pressure is 3.15815 atm.

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Answer:

True.

Explanation:

q = 36kJ/ mol amount of heat is produced according to 1st law of Thermodynamics

What is 1st law of Thermodynamics ?

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, only its form can be changed. In any system, energy transfer involves exceeding control limits by mass, external work, or heat transfer beyond limits. These cause changes in the stored energy within the control volume.

The first law of thermodynamics states that heat is a form of energy and therefore thermodynamic processes obey the law of conservation of energy. This means that it cannot generate or destroy thermal energy.

ΔU = q + w

38kJ/ mol = q + 2kJ/mol = 36kJ/mol

q = 36kJ/ mol amount of heat is produced according to 1st law of Thermodynamics

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Yes, because of the liquid's specific heat capacity or heat capacity, different liquids heat up at varying speeds.

Which amount of heat is needed to raise the liquid's temperature by one degree Celsius? When analyzing a mass of 1 kg, the term "heat capacity" or "specific heat capacity" refers to the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of liquid or fluid by 1°C.

area of the body's surface. nature of the body's surface. the body's surface's composition (material effects conductivity through walls of the body).

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Answer:

The colors observed is a sign that definite energy transformations occurs inside the atom gives off light. It follows that electrons must occupy orbits of fixed energy.

Hope that helps!

The heat that is released by the 1.39 Kg of pentane is 58518 kJ.

We know that the combustion of pentane is an exothermic reaction because heat is released in the process. We have to look to the  balanced thermochemical reaction equation for the combustion of pentane.

Given that the number of moles of the pentane that is burnt here =  1.39 * 10^3 g/72 g/mol

= 19.3 moles

Now;

If we require 3032 kJ of energy to burn one mole of pentane

If we have 19.3 moles of pentane then we have;

19.3 moles *  3032 kJ/ 1 mole

= 58518 kJ

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Answer: the balanced equation is the same.

Explanation:

Every element must have the same number of atoms on each side of the equation (law of conservation of mass).

2. Balancing the equation can be done only by adjusting the coefficients.

C

is a balanced element because there is the same number of atoms of

C

in each side of the equation.

C

is a balanced element

H

is a balanced element because there is the same number of atoms of

H

in each side of the equation.

H

is a balanced element

O

is a balanced element because there is the same number of atoms of

O

in each side of the equation. O is a balanced element. Na is a balanced element because there is the same number of atoms of Na on each side of the equation. Na is a balanced element H is a balanced element because there is the same number of atoms of H on each side of the equation. H is a balanced element C is a balanced element because there is the same number of atoms on each side of the equation. C is a balanced element. O

is a balanced element because there is the same number of atoms of

O in each side of the equation. O is a balanced element. All elements have the same number of atoms on each side of the equation, which means that the law of conservation of mass is satisfied and thus the chemical equation is balanced.

All the element have their own unique color because the every element have their own set of energy levels.

According to the bohr model of atoms : electrons exist at certain energy levels. when we give heat to electron , it gets excited and moves from lower energy level to higher energy level. the electron is less stable in higher energy level. when an electron returns from higher energy level to lower energy level it emits some energy in form of radiation. The wavelength of light depends upon energy level . and every elements have their own unique energy levels.  The color for different element is different.

Thus, All the element have their own unique color because the every element have their own set of energy levels.

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-28.1 °F is a temperature in Fahrenheit and is converted to degrees Celsius and Kelvin as follows:

Temperature is the measure of cold or heat, often measurable with a thermometer.

Temperature can be measured in the following units;

Kelvins (absolute temperature)

Kelvins (K) is the international system of units (S.I unit), the base unit of thermodynamic temperature; 1⁄273 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.

Degrees Celsius is the metric unit of temperature, a derived unit of the International System of Units.

°F is converted to °C as follows:

(32°F − 32) × 5/9 = 0°C

-28.1°F = -33.39°C

°F is converted to K as follows:

(-28.1°F − 32) × 5/9 + 273.15 = 239.761K

= 239.76K

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Answer:

Javier's model is better, as the ball-and-stick model shows distinct differences in bond, whereas Carlos' model just shows them as differently colored circles.

Copper metal plus zinc sulfate solution : is not  possible because the copper metal is less reactive than zinc and copper cannot displace the zinc.

The copper metal with zinc sulfate reaction is not possible because copper is less reactive than the zinc cant cannot displace the zinc. so, the reaction :

Cu + ZnSO₄ ---->    no reaction

but the zinc plus copper sulfate is possible , copper is less reactive than zinc and zinc can displace the copper . and the reaction is called as displacement reaction the reacion is given as :

CuSO₄   +   Zn   ----->    ZnSO₄    +   Cu

Thus, Copper metal plus zinc sulfate solution : is not  possible because the copper metal is less reactive than zinc and copper cannot displace the zinc.

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The most water in the United States is used power plants (thermoelectric power)

What are thermoelectric power plants ?

Water flowing through the boiler's network of pipes is heated, turning it into steam. A shaft connecting a turbine to a generator rotates the blades of a turbine powered by high-pressure steam. As the generator turns, electricity is generated. The thermoelectric power of a given metal is that of a couple made of that metal with lead, with the thermoelectric power of lead being arbitrarily regarded as zero. Rate of change of the thermoelectromotive force of a thermocouple with temperature.

Industrial water withdrawals make up just 5% of all water withdrawals in the US, but thermoelectric power draws make up 49% of all withdrawals. About 12% of the public water supply is also used by industrial and manufacturing companies.

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The initial temperature of copper is 89.41°C.

Calorimetry is the science of measuring the heat absorbed or evolved during the course of a chemical reaction or change of state.

According to this question, a 98.3 g piece of copper with specific heat of 0.380 J/g･°C is heated and then placed into 400.0 g of water initially at 20.7°C. The water increases in temperature to 22.2°C. The initial temperature can be calculated as follows;

Q = mc∆T

Where;

Q(water) = -Q(metal)

400 × 4.184 × 1.5 = -(98.3 × 0.38 × {22.2 - x})

2510.4 = - (829.26 - 37.354x)

2510.4 = -829.26 + 37.354x

3339.659 = 37.354x

X = 89.41°C

Therefore, 89.41°C is the initial temperature of the copper metal.

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The initial temperature of the copper piece is approximately 0.72°C.

To find the initial temperature of the copper piece, we can use the equation Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat energy, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

First, let's calculate the heat energy gained by the water. The mass of the water is 400.0 g, and the change in temperature is 22.2°C - 20.7°C = 1.5°C.

Using the equation Q = mcΔT, we have:

Q_water = (400.0 g)(4.18 J/g • °C)(1.5°C) = 2490 J

Next, let's calculate the heat energy lost by the copper piece. The mass of the copper is 90.7 g, and the change in temperature is the same as the water, 1.5°C.

Using the equation Q = mcΔT, we have:

Q_copper = (90.7 g)(0.380 J/g • °C)(1.5°C) = 51.8 J

Since energy is conserved, the heat energy gained by the water is equal to the heat energy lost by the copper piece:

Q_water = Q_copper

2490 J = 51.8 J

Now, let's solve for the initial temperature of the copper piece. Rearranging the equation Q = mcΔT to solve for the initial temperature, we have:

T_initial = (Q_copper) / (m_copper * c_copper)

Substituting the values, we get:

T_initial = (51.8 J) / (90.7 g * 0.380 J/g • °C) ≈ 0.72°C

Therefore, the initial temperature of the copper piece is approximately 0.72°C.

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If there are 0.05216 mol of [tex]ZnSO_4[/tex] and 0.3609 mol of [tex]H_2O[/tex] in a hydrated salt sample. the ratio of [tex]ZnSO_4[/tex] and [tex]H_2O[/tex] would be 1:7.

The problem here can be solved using the empirical formula method. There are 0.05216 mol of [tex]ZnSO_4[/tex] and 0.3609 mol of [tex]H_2O[/tex]. In order to find the mole ratio of the 2 constituents, let's divide by the smallest mol:

The smallest mol here is the mol of [tex]ZnSO_4[/tex] which is 0.05216.

[tex]ZnSO_4[/tex] = 0.05216/0.05216

            = 1

[tex]H_2O[/tex] = 0.3609/0.05216

         = 7

Thus, the mole ratio of the two constituents is 7 and 1. The formula for the hydrated compound would be [tex]ZnSO_4[/tex].7[tex]H_2O[/tex].

In other words, 1 mol [tex]ZnSO_4[/tex]: 7 mol [tex]H_2O[/tex].

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