10. the existence of external economies of scale a) may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. b) cannot be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. c tends to result in one huge monopoly. d) tends to result in large profits for each firm. e) focuses more on individual firms than the industry as a whole.

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Answer 1

The existence of external economies of scale may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry.

Companies benefit from economies of scale when their production becomes more efficient. In order to achieve economies of scale, businesses must increase output while lowering costs. Costs are distributed across a larger number of goods, which is why this happens.

Economies of scale occur when a company's production increases in such a way that per-unit costs are reduced. Internal economies of scale can arise as a result of technological advancements, managerial efficiency, financial capability, monopoly power, or access to large networks.

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Related Questions

What was the name of the series of letters written to convince the states that ratifying the constitution was the right decision?.

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The series of letters were known as the Federalist Papers. The Federalist Papers were a series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to persuade the states to ratify the constitution. The essays were published in New York City newspapers from October 1787 to May 1788.

The Federalist Papers were a series of letters written to convince the states that ratifying the constitution was the right decision. The papers were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, and they argued that the constitution would protect the rights of the people and provide for a strong central government. The papers were published in 1787 and 1788, and they played a significant role in convincing the states to ratify the constitution.

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what are the critical needs of a company utilizing a strategic project portfolio system? multiple select question. involving a team of people rather than just an individual to make decisions. establishing a common financial goal for all categories of projects (compliance, operation,and strategic.) utilizing only financial selection criteria. getting input from senior management.

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The involving a team of people rather than just an individual to make decisions are the critical needs of a company utilizing a strategic project portfolio system.

A project portfolio strategic is a group of initiatives that are coordinated and optimized for an organization's tactical and financial objectives. Either the organizational or the functional level can manage a portfolio system. Combe and Githenz (1999) distinguish three broad categories of project portfolios: strategic or enterprise initiatives that add value. Operational: Initiatives that improve organizational efficiency and complete some essential functional tasks. Projects that must be completed in order to the preserve regulatory compliance.

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how do the direct materials budget, direct labor budget, and manufacturing overhead budget relate to the budgeted income statement?

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The budget for direct materials and general manufacturing expenses are incorporated into the unit cost, used to calculate the cost of goods sold in the budgeted income statement.

What is the unit cost?

It corresponds to the costs of production, inventory and sale of a good that a company makes available in the market, being the set of fixed costs and variable costs that are related to each stage of the production process.

Calculating the unit cost or cost of goods sold is essential for a company to be able to determine the amount it will spend on its production process to determine its pricing strategy, marketing and future projections, for example.

Therefore, it is essential that the unit cost of a produced good is accurately established, as this is an instrument of greater control over the business that allows achieving economies of scale and also developing strategies to increase profit.

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scarborough faire herb farm is a small company specializing in selling organic fresh herbs, teas, and herbal crafts. the cost of growing basil is $1.59 per bunch. at the farmers market they sell the bunches for $3.00 each. at the current cost of growing basil, what would be the appropriate price to achieve a target margin of 60%?

Answers

At the farmer's market, they sell the bunches for $3.00 each. 0.715 would be the appropriate price to achieve a target price margin of 60%.

Net profit Margin               = Neb profit margin/Selling Price.

                                           = 4.2g/6

                                           = 0.715

                                           = 0.715 x 100

                                           = 71.5%.

Pricing periphery – or profit periphery – is the difference between the cost of an item and the price at which it's vended. The end, thus, of utmost businesses is to make as important periphery as possible while icing prices stay competitive. There is no denying that pricing is crucially important. Profit periphery is a measure of profitability. It's calculated by chancing the profit as a chance of the profit. There are 3 types of profit perimeters gross profit periphery, operating profit periphery, and net profit periphery. Gross Profit periphery is calculated as gross profit divided by net deals.

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a house contains 1,816 square feet. it was constructed in 2000 at cost of $74.24 per sf. the cost index at that time was 112.7. the current cost index is 164.2. what is the estimated cost to build the house today?

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The following equation can be used to calculate value using the cost technique. Land value plus property value (Cost New - Accumulated Depreciation).

The approach that appraisers use most frequently to calculate the cost of replication is the square footage method. Cost Approach: This method calculates the value of real estate by subtracting the depreciation from the cost of building a new structure on the property and adding site value. Market value might not match value determined. The most popular and straightforward depreciation approach is this one. Equipment that depreciates steadily over time is what it is most commonly used for. According to generally recognized accounting standards, the straight-line technique is the simplest and most often used methodology to compute depreciation.

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uspap standards require that, when using the sales comparison approach, appraisers use how many comparables?

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When using the sales comparison approach, USPAP has no requirement regarding the number of comparable sales.

What exactly is a comparable sales approach?

The comparable sales or market approach is a real estate appraisal technique that is frequently used to determine the value of the real estate in an eminent domain proceeding. The value of a property is determined by comparing it to other properties with similar features that have recently sold.

In the sales comparison approach, a minimum of three closed comparables must be reported. Additional similar sales may be reported to promote the appraiser's opinion of market value.

Therefore, If the subject property was previously closed, it can be used as a fourth comparable sale or as supporting data.

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As filtrate passes through the descending loop of henle, which substance is reabsorbed in the largest amount?.

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Most of the solute reabsorbed withinside the proximal tubule is withinside the shape of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride, and approximately 70% of the sodium reabsorption happens right here.

A U-fashioned loop which contains the filtered fluid deep down into the medulla after which lower back once more into the cortex. This a part of the nephron is known as the loop of Henle. Its main characteristic is to reabsorb water and sodium chloride from the filtrate. This conserves water for the organism, generating particularly focused urine The loop of Henle has a skinny descending limb, a thick ascending limb and a skinny ascending limb.

The fluid getting into the descending limb includes sodium chloride and different salts, urea and different chemical compounds which have been filtered out from the blood. The cells right here are permeable to water and as a consequence the salt and urea attention rises inside the fluid by the point it reaches the bend. The liquid getting into the loop of Henle is the answer of salt, urea, and different materials exceeded alongside through the proximal convoluted tubule, from which maximum of the dissolved additives wanted through the body—particularly glucose, amino acids, and sodium bicarbonate—had been reabsorbed into the blood.

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based on your understanding of equity carve-outs, is the statement above an advantage of equity carve-outs?

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In a fairness carve-out, an enterprise sells stocks in a business unit. The final purpose of the organization may be to fully divest its pastimes, however, this may now not be for numerous years. The equity carve-out lets the business enterprise get hold of coins for the shares it sells now.

The seemingly obvious choice for a one-person business is a sole proprietorship, which might be the best style of business available. there's a solid quantity of flexibleness with a sole proprietorship, as you may be an impartial contractor or operate a small business in an extra conventional experience.

“One aspect hit companies have in not unusual is … a strong purchaser focus,” stated John Stevenson, advertising professional at My GRE examination education. “they invent a way of life that is targeted round their clients and consciousness their approaches, services, and products around their offerings wishes.

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as a result of the bretton woods system, if a country developed a permanent deficit in balance of trade that could not be corrected by domestic policy, who could step in to agree to currency devaluation? multiple choice question.

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As a result of the Bretton Woods system, the International Monetary Fund will consent to a currency devaluation if a nation experiences a persistent trade balance imbalance that cannot be resolved by domestic policy.

The Bretton Woods System is a collection of coordinated laws and regulations that offered the foundation required to establish fixed foreign exchange rates. In essence, the agreement mandated that the newly established IMF set the fixed rate of exchange for all international currencies.

A significant contributing factor to Bretton Woods' failure was the country's inflationary monetary policy, which was inappropriate for the system's primary currency country. The Bretton Woods system was founded on regulations, the most significant of which was to adhere to fiscal and monetary practices that were in line with the official peg.

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ricardo suffers from a mental illness. he has never been adjudicated mentally ill, but he struggles daily from his affliction. ricardo enters into a contract with joe to purchase joe's car for $500. is the contract valid?

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Mental health has low-profit margins, and hospital systems know it. Large hospital systems are quite adept at figuring out where the profit is in health care.

What is the impact of mental health on business?

Employees with untreated depression have a 35% decrease in productivity, according to data provided by the American Psychiatric Association, which costs the U.S. economy $210.5 billion annually in lost productivity, absenteeism, and medical expenses. Around the world, one in eight people suffer from a mental illness. CEOs are significantly more likely than the general population to have mental health conditions, with 49 percent reporting problems. A little scrape beneath the surface and it's not hard to see why. Stress at the top is enormous and unremitting, and many CEOs are workaholics.

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what is added to the variable selling and administrative expenses to get the total selling and administrative expenses? multiple choice question. non-cash selling and administrative expenses direct materials merchandise purchases fixed selling and administrative expenses

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D) Fixed selling & administrative expenses is added to the variable selling and administrative expenses to get the total selling and administrative expenses.

Selling, General & Administrative (SG&A) costs are any ongoing business expenses that are not related to the creation of products or the provision of services.

Rent, payroll, marketing and advertising charges, and distribution fees are examples of typical SG&A costs. Companies can lower overhead expenses and boost profitability by analyzing SG&A.

There are numerous SG&A line items that are fixed expenditures that must be covered regardless of output or sales volumes, including rent and basic salary. Other SG&A expenses, such distribution costs, are cyclical and often shift in response to changes in sales volumes.

Others may still be semi-variable, such as base fees plus an extra cost component whose value changes depending on consumption. A typical illustration of a semi-variable cost is a utility bill.

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selling on consignment to retailers, which means they retain the title to the products displayed and bill retailers only for the merchandise sold, is characteristic of which limited-service wholesaler?

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Which limited-service wholesaler is characterized by selling on consignment to retailers, whereby they retain ownership of the products exhibited and only charge merchants for the goods sold?

What do you call goods?

When a potential customer enters your store, merchandise refers to everything you do to advertise and sell your products. When we discuss merchandise, we are usually referring to goods that may be purchased, usually in a retail setting.

What qualifies as a hallmark of merchant wholesalers?

Wholesalers exhibit the traits listed below: Wholesalers purchase goods straight from suppliers or manufacturers. They purchase goods in bulk and distribute them in smaller amounts. They offer different variations of a specific line or product.

They are provided with an alluring price and other advantages that collectively constitute marketing. Planning, purchasing, sorting, promoting, placing, setting, and replenishing the goods are all included in the definition of merchandise. Purchased goods must be sold in order to refill the supply and avoid financial burden.

example of a product:

Any item you can sell or buy is referred to as merchandise. The term "merchandise" refers to any good that is offered for sale; some examples are groceries at a supermarket, clothing in a retail setting, electronics online, and raw materials in a manufacturing facility.

General-merchandise (full-line) (full-line) The products that wholesalers carry cover almost all of the needs of the clients they serve. B. Limited-line specialty-merchandise wholesalers focus on a small number of products and offer a wide variety of these products.

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wilson sends an e-mail to his team describing the implementation of a new work practice. however, in the e-mail he does not solicit comments or suggestions from his subordinates. he feels that the subordinates lack the experience required to effectively evaluate the various implications of the new practice. this is an example of

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In the given situation of Wilson, the implications of the new practice, this is an example of One way communication. That is implement in the condition of Wilson.

What do you mean by the one way communication?

Because it moves in a straight line from sender to receiver and is used to inform, persuade, or command, one-way communication is linear and constrained.

When the sender wishes to impart accurate information or when they want to influence or manipulate their audience and get their cooperation, one-way communication is frequently used.

According to the transmission model, communication is a one-way, linear process in which a sender encrypts a message before transmitting it through a channel to a receiver who decodes it.

Therefore, in the given situation of Wilson, the implications of the new practice, this is an example of One way communication. That is implement in the condition of Wilson.

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a time-series trend equation is 250 15x. what is your forecast for period 10? group of answer choices 350 265 378 420 400

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Given that the trend line equation is 25.3 times 2.1x, and that X times 6 (since period 6) is given, Option 3's answer is 37.9 times 25.3.

A trend line indicates a relationship that is linear. y = mx + b is the equation for a linear relationship, where m is the slope of the line, y is the dependent variable, and x is the independent variable.

What is the meaning of a trend line equation?

The slope of a line is the change in y that results from an increase of one unit in x. As an illustration, the trend line would predict that someone who was one year older (x increases by one) would be approximately 5.76 cm taller (y increases by 5.76).

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how does penetration pricing discourage rival companies from entering the market? (choose every correct answer.)

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Competitors won't be able to enter the market if you sell your products at a low price because they can't afford to sell at that price. Lower costs.High sales can result from low prices.

Why is the pricing strategy known as market penetration effective for an aggressive new competitor?

A new product or service can better penetrate the market and draw customers away from rivals thanks to the lower price. Market penetration pricing is based on promoting a new product to a large number of customers at low prices at first.

Is the strategy used when a company lowers the price of a new product to deter competitors from entering the market?

A penetration pricing strategy, in contrast to a skimming approach, establishes a low initial price.Frequently, numerous competing goods are already on the market.The objective is to get however much of the market as could be expected to attempt the item.

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accounts receivable are normally reported at the:multiple choice current value less expected collection costs.expected amount to be collected.present value of future cash receipts.current value plus accrued interest.

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Accounts receivable are normally reported at the expected amount to be received.

The balance of money owed to a business for goods or services delivered or utilized but not yet paid for by clients is known as accounts receivable (AR). On the balance sheet, accounts receivable are shown as a current asset.

Any sum of money that clients owe for purchases they made using credit is known as AR. Due to the customer's legal duty to pay the debt, businesses include accounts receivable as an asset on their balance sheets.

They are regarded as liquid assets since they can be pledged as security against a loan to cover immediate expenses. The working capital of a business includes receivables.

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what is the profitability index for project a with a cost of capital of 8%? year project a project b 0 ($42,000.00) ($45,000.00) 1 $14,000.00 $28,000.00 2 $14,000.00 $12,000.00 3 $14,000.00 $10,000.00 4 $14,000.00 $10,000.00 5 $14,000.00 $10,000.00

Answers

It should be taken into account that only the profitability index of project A is being asked-

Value of cash inflows at the present

=( (14000/1.08)+(14000/ (1.08)^2+(14000/(1.08)^3+(14000/(1.08)^4+(14000/(1.08)^5)

= (12962.96+ 12002.74+11113.65+10290.41+9528.16)

= 55898

Net value of cash outflow at the beginning =42000

Profitability index=[present value of future inflows / initial outflows]

=[55898/42000]

=1.33

What do you mean by  Profitability index  ?

Profitability index   of project a could be calculated using the net cash inflows at the present and comparing it with net cash outflows at the present.

The PI is calculated by dividing the present value of future expected cash flows by the initial investment amount in the project.A PI greater than 1.0 is deemed as a good investment, with higher values corresponding to more attractive projects.

Hence, The profitability index of Project A is 1.33

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how do teams differ from groups? multiple choice teams have no limits on the number of members, whereas groups have a restricted membership. members of teams work independently of each other, whereas those in groups show greater dependence on each other. members of teams work toward individual goals that may or may not be related, whereas groups have a common goal. members of teams interact with a specific task-related purpose in mind, whereas groups members do not. teams have a no fixed duration, whereas groups last only for a specific amount of time.

Answers

Teams differ from groups in the way that members of teams have a specific task-related purpose in mind, while groups do not.

A group can be people whom you know and interact with. On the other hand, a team is the people with who you work in order to achieve a common goal or to finish a task.

A group is not necessarily made for finishing a task. In a group, there is no responsibility to act for a common goal. On the other hand, in a team, each member has the commitment to collaborate with each other in order to reach an objective or to conquer a goal. There is a specific task given to a team that has to be completed.

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Which of the following is most important for the team leader to encourage during the storming stage of group and team development?empowerment among memberssocializing among memberscelebration of accomplishmentsvoicing of disagreementscompeting the task

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During the storming stage of group and team development, it is very important that the team leader encourage voicing of disagreements.

What happens in the storming stage?

In the storming stage of a group and team development, it is very important that a team leader not only allows others to speak up, but encourages them to voice any disagreements they might have.

This is because the storming stage is the stage where the group comes up with the ideas that they are to pursue and so there is a need to ensure that most people in the group are onboard with the chosen plans.

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garden variety flower shop uses 750 clay pots a month. the pots are purchased at $2 each. annual carrying costs per pot are estimated to be 30 percent of cost, and ordering costs are $20 per order. the manager has been using an order size of 1,500 flower pots. a. what additional annual cost is the shop incurring by staying with this order size? (round your intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places.)

Answers

It has the lowest inventory cost, this is the best order size. The holding cost and ordering cost are balanced at this level. It cuts out the need to keep a lot of inventory.

9000 = 750 x 12 = demand (D).

Order cost(s) = $20

Holding cost = $2 x 0.30 = $0.60

[tex]\sqrt{} ((2*D*S)/h) = EOQ\\\sqrt{} ((2*9000*20)/0.9) = EOQ[/tex]

EOQ = 632.455 clay pots

How is the economic order quantity calculated?

You will require the following variables to calculate the economic order quantity: cost of setting up, cost of holding, and demand rate. The equation is: The EOQ is the square root of:2] / holding costs (setup costs x demand rate).

What is EOQ and how significant is it?

The ideal economic order quantity of an item for inventory that businesses should purchase to reduce inventory costs includes: Costs of ordering: The expenses incurred by a business when placing an order for inventory are referred to as ordering costs.

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a city accounts for its capital acquisitions using encumbrances. when the city enters into a contract to acquire equipment, what journal entry should it make

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A city accounts for its capital acquisitions using encumbrances. when the city enters into a contract to acquire equipment, Debit encumbrances: Credit budgetary fund balance reserved for encumbrances.

Acquisition of capital means the acquisition of assets, stock purchases, mergers, or other forms of investment by a group member for the purpose of long-term means a controlling transaction.

An acquisition is a transaction in which one company acquires and controls another company. These transactions are a central part of Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A), a corporate legal or financial career path focused on acquisitions, divestitures, and business integration.

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leandro corp. manufactures wooden desks. production consists of three processes: cutting, assembly, and finishing. the following costs are for work completed and transferred out of each department in april: cutting assembly finishing direct materials $7,000 $10,000 $3,000 direct labor 3,000 14,000 2,000 applied overhead 4,000 5,000 6,000 there were no work-in-process inventories, and 1,000 desks were produced. what is the cost transferred out of the assembly department? a. $54,000 b. $43,000 c. $14,000 d. $29,000

Answers

Leandro Corp. manufactures wooden desks. Production consists of three processes: cutting, assembly, and finishing. The following costs are given for April: Cutting Assembly Finishing direct materials $7,000 $10,000 $3,000 direct labor 3,000 14,000 2,000 applied overhead 4,000 5,000 6,000 There were no work in process inventories and 1,000 podiums were produced. $29,000 is the cost transferred out of the assembly department. Correct answer is option (d).

With regards to the above, the cost

Transferred out of the assembly department

is computed as;

We would sum up all the cost associated

with the assembly department.

= Direct materials + Direct labor + Overhead

Direct materials = $10,000

Direct labor = $14,000

Overhead = $5,000

Therefore, cost transferred out of the

assembly department is

- $10,000 + $14,000 + $5,000

= $29,000

So, the correct option is (d).

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consider a 30-year, fixed-rate mortgage with a monthly payment of $1,225 and an annual interest rate of 7.5%. if the mortgage requires 15% down, what is house price rounded to the nearest dollar?

Answers

Think about a $1,225 monthly payment, 30-year fixed-rate mortgage with a 7.5% annual interest rate. Rounding up the home price to the nearest dollar is $16,333 if the mortgage stipulates a 15% down payment.

What does a fixed rate mortgage mean?

A fixed-rate mortgage is a type of house loan where the interest rate is predetermined and remains the same throughout the loan's term. In essence, the interest rate on the mortgage won't change during the course of the loan, and the borrower will keep paying the same amount in principal and interest each month.

Is obtaining a fixed-rate mortgage worthwhile?

Simply said, base rate adjustments won't be a concern if you fix your mortgage. A rate hike may be unsettling to many borrowers. A fixed-rate mortgage will help you avoid the effects of potential rate hikes.

Here in the question,

P= monthly payment,

c= interest,

n= no. of months = 30×12=360

P = [tex]\frac{L [C(1+C)^{n}] }{(1 + C)^{n} -1}[/tex]

1225= [tex]\frac{L [0.075(1+0.075)^{360}] }{(1 + 0.075)^{360} -1}[/tex]

L= $16,333

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seaside industries issues a bond with a stated interest rate of 10%, face amount of $50,000, and due in 5 years. interest payments are made semi-annually. the market rate for this type of bond is 8%. what is the issue price of the bond (rounded to nearest whole dollar)?

Answers

The Price of the bond is $54,055.43.

Given in the Question:

Face value : $50,000

state rate : 10%

term : 5 years, semi-annual

market rate : 8%

Price of Bond =  (Present value of face) + (Present value of coupons)

Present face value = 50,000/1.04¹⁰

Present face value = $33,778.20

Coupon payments:

Coupon payments is given as

annual payment = 10% of 50,000  =   $5,000

semi - annual payment = ¹/₂ × $5,000 = $2,500

Present value of coupons = 2,500/0.04(1 - 1/1.04¹⁰}

Present value of coupons = $20,277.23

Price of Bond =  (Present value of face) + (Present value of coupons)

= $33,778.20 + $20,277.23

= $54,055.43

Hence, the price of bond is $54,055.43

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describe the relationship between the acceptable level of detection risk and the nature, timing, and extent of substantive procedures to be performed by the auditor.

Answers

The auditor selects the appropriate detection risk for a financial statement assertion based on the assessed risk of material misstatement.

In order to bring audit risk down to a reasonable level, the level of detection risk needs to be lower than the risk of a material misstatement.

How typically are control risk and detection risk related?

The combined level of inherent and control risks is inversely correlated with the detection risk. For instance, in order to bring audit risk down to a level that is acceptable, acceptable levels of detection risk must be low when inherent and control risks are high.

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discuss the importance of market for successful business​

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Answer:

Explanation: Market is important for a business because it helps the public to be aware of the products that your company is selling. It can also influence the customers into buying the product. It maintains a connection between your company and the public.

Answer:

The importance of marketing for your business is that it makes the customers aware of your products or services, engages them, and helps them make the buying decision.

Explanation:

Furthermore, a marketing plan, a part of your business plan helps in creating and maintaining demand, relevance, reputation, competition, etc.

you analyze a firm's financial statements and invest based upon the results of this analysis. which form of market efficiency may exist if you are able to earn abnormal profits on these investments?

Answers

One of the primary justifications why some investors might opt for a passive investing strategy is the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH).

What Is Efficient Market Hypothesis?The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) fundamentally asserts that the prices of investment securities, such as stocks, already take into account all available information regarding those securities. If so, no amount of study will be able to give you the upper hand over "the market."Investors need not be logical; according to EMH, each investor will behave arbitrarily. However, the market is always "correct" overall. Simple logic dictates that "efficient" implies "normal."For instance, a strange response to a strange piece of information is typical. It's normal for you to follow the herd if they suddenly begin moving in that direction, even if there isn't a good reason to.

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if an individual is assigned a task during a project, they are now considered a member of the . a.) project sponsor group b.) stakeholder group c.) project team d.) business

Answers

They are now considered a member of the project team. The project team is the group of people who are in charge of carrying out the activities and generating.

The deliverables described in the project team. plan and schedule, as directed by the project manager, at whatever level of effort or involvement is specified. Contributing to overall project objectives, serving on generating, delivering expertise when required, and collaborating with the overall team to satisfy business needs are all tasks of project team members. Depending on the circumstances, a small business may have only one team that works on the various projects.

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(02.02 mc) some americans prefer a single income tax rate because it (5 points) group of answer choices is easier to calculate would increase the government's revenue means everyone would pay the same income percentage in taxes it would reduce the percent of income poorer families pay in income taxes

Answers

Tax systems come in three basic varieties. Higher levels of income are subject to higher tax rates under a progressive tax system. On the other hand, in regressive tax systems, higher levels of income are subject to lower tax rates. Lastly, in a system with a flat tax, you pay the same tax rate on all income levels.

Which three kinds of tax systems exist?

A progressive tax is one that taxes more of a person's income from people with higher incomes than from people with lower incomes. A proportional tax is one that imposes the same tax on all income groups. regressive tax: A tax that takes a larger share of income from groups with lower incomes than from groups with higher incomes.

What is a system of tax rates?

The percentage at which a person or business is taxed is known as a tax rate.The federal government as well as many of the states in the United States employ a progressive tax rate system, in which a person's or entity's taxable income is multiplied by the percentage of tax that is levied.

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in order to protect its domestic industry, mexico might assess a tax on canned tuna that is imported from other countries. this tax is an example of .

Answers

The tax is an example of a tariff.

In an effort to raise prices and diminish the appeal of native goods and services, governments put tariffs on goods and services imported from other countries. particularly anti-competitive for locally produced goods and services. While reducing consumer surplus in the import market, import taxes increase surplus in exporting countries.

Import taxes lower the surplus in the exporting country and increase the producer surplus in the import market. Tariffs are designed to protect domestic businesses by raising the price of competitors' products. Tariffs can raise consumer costs and hurt regional businesses in related industries. Mexico might impose a tax on imported canned tuna to save its native economy. This charge is a tariff.

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