X-rays and gamma rays have frequencies higher than microwaves but lower than UV radiation.
X-rays and gamma rays are both types of electromagnetic radiation. They are similar in that they are both invisible, travel at the speed of light, and can penetrate human tissue. They differ in their wavelength and energy. X-rays have a shorter wavelength and higher energy than gamma rays
Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation. They are the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation. Gamma rays are produced by the most energetic events in the universe, such as supernova explosions and the merging of neutron stars.
X-rays are used in medicine and dentistry because they can penetrate the human body, which Gamma rays cannot.
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Consider two mixtures of gases available for use to fill a tire. One has the same composition as air (Gas 1: 20% O₂, 80% N₂) and
another has added carbon dioxide (Gas 2: 15% O₂, 80% N₂, 5% CO ₂ ). Compare the partial pressure of nitrogen gas in a 2L sample of
Gas 1 at sea level (1 atm) to the partial pressure of nitrogen gas in a 2L sample of Gas 2 at sea level. Explain your answer.
The partial pressure of nitrogen gas in 2L sample of gas 1 and gas 2 are equal.
The overall pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures exerted by each individual gas in the mixture, according to Dalton's law of partial pressures, a gas law.
P'=X° ×Pt ( P' = partial pressure , Xi = mole fraction , Pt= Total pressure )
Gas 1 ( ∵1 mole of gas = 22.4L)
Nitrogen moles = 80% × 2L / 22.4L
=8/5x22.4L
Oxygen moles = 20% ×2L /22.4L
2/5 × 22.4l
Mole fraction of nitrogen = (8/5 ×22.4L) ÷ (8/5 ×22.4L+ 2/5x22.4L)
=4/5
Partial pressure of nitrogen at 1 atm = 4/5 * 1
=4/5
Similarly Gas 2
Nitrogen moles = 80% × 2L / 22.4L
=16/10 × 22.4L
Oxygen moles = 15% × 2L /22.4L
3/10 × 22.4l
Carbon dioxide moles = 5% × 2L /22.4L
1/10 × 22.4L
Mole fraction of nitrogen = (16/10 × 22.4L) ÷ (16/10 ×22.4L+ 3/10x22.4l + 1/10X22.4L) = 4/5
Partial pressure of nitrogen at 1 atm = 4/5 * 1
=4/5
Hence, partial pressure of nitrogen in gas 1 and gas 2 are equal.
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a carbon is found to form two oxide, which contain 42.9% and 27.3%carbon respectively, show that these figure illustrate the law multiple proportion
The figures illustrate the law of multiple proportions because the empirical formulas of the two oxides are CO and [tex]CO_2[/tex] respectively.
Law of multiple proportionsThe law of multiple proportions states that when two elements combine with each other to form more than one chemical compound, the weights of one element that combine with a fixed weight of the other are usually in small whole-number ratios.
The figures mentioned in the problems can be tested for agreement with the law of multiple proportions by finding the empirical formulas of the two oxides formed against a fixed weight of carbon:
The analysis of the first oxide is as follows:
C = 42.9
O = 100-42.9
= 57.1
The equivalent mole of each atom will then be calculated by dividing each atom by their respective molar weights:
C = 12 g/mol
O = 16 g/mol
C = 42.9/12
= 3.56
O = 57.1/16
= 3.56
Thus, the empirical formula of the first oxide is CO.
The second oxide:
C = 27.3
O = 100 - 27.3
= 72.7
The equivalent mole of each atom will be:
C = 27.3/12
= 2.27
O = 72.7/16
= 4.54
Dividing the moles by the smallest mole
C = 2.27/2.27
= 1
O = 4.54/2.27
= 2
Thus, the empirical formula of the second oxide is [tex]CO_2[/tex].
The first oxide gives CO while the second oxide gives [tex]CO_2[/tex]. The weight of oxygen that combines with the fixed weight of carbon can be seen to be in simple whole-number ratios (1 and 2).
In other words, the figures quoted obeys the law of multiple proportions.
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A gas has a pressure of 32,541 kPa at 40.0°C. what is the temperature at standard pressure
What mass of CaCl2 (in g ) should the chemist use?
The mass of the solute required is 250.25 g.
What is the mass of the solute?We know that the number of moles of the solute can be used to obtain the mass of the solute that is required. We can now try to find the mass of the solute that is required.
Concentration of the solution = 0.350M
Volume of the solution = 6.5 L
Number of moles of the solute = 0.350M * 6.5 L
= 2.275 moles
We now have the mass of the solute as;
2.275 moles * 110 g/mol
= 250.25 g
Th measured mass of the solute that we would have to use is 250.25 g.
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Missing parts;
A chemist wants to make 6.5 L of a .350M CaCl2 solution. What mass of CaCl2(in g) should the chemist use?
Which of the following is/are correct about molar mass?
A. Can be calculated using the elements’ atomic mass in the periodic table
B. It is the mass in grams of one mole of any pure substance
C. Has the unit of mol/g
D. A and B
The number of elections represented by the following set of quantum numbers is?
n=2 l=1 ml=-1 ms= 1/2
The number of electrons represented by the following quantum numbers is 1 electron
The set of numbers used to describe the position and energy of the electron in an atom are called quantum numbers. There are four quantum numbers, namely, principal (n), azimuthal (l), magnetic(m) and spin quantum numbers (s). The values of the conserved quantities of a quantum system are given by quantum numbers.
According to the data given, n=2 which means the shell number is 2, l =-1 means its the subshell is p and only one orientation, which can accomodate maximum of 2 electrons, but as the ms = 1/2 so we are here talking about just one electron with a +1/2 spin
Therefore with the above given quantum number the electron represented is one
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3.14 Lab: Reconstruct Geologic History Assignment k12
In order to reconstruct Geologic History, geological principles must be used. Some of the principles of Geology used are:
Principle of SuperpositionPrinciple of HoriztonalityPrinciple of InclusionPrinciple of Contact MetamorphismPrinciple of Cross- Cu.tt.ing RelationsWhat are the definitions of the above principles?Principle of Superposition: In a given vertical arrangement of undisturbed sedimentary layers of the flow of lava, the oldest layers are usually the first from the bottom up and the youngest are the first from top down. [See Image A]
Horizontality: Usually rock sediments are first deposited in an approximately horizontal manner. Where deformations such as folds and tilts are observed, it is a result of deformation which comes after deposition.
Inclusion: All Inclusions that are not part of the rock formation are deemed to be older that the rock formation.
Metamorphism: A hot magma intrusion "bakes" the somewhat colder surrounding rock. The rock that is cooked during this Contact Metamorphism procedure must be older.
Cross- Cu.tt.ing Relations: If one geological feature cuts over another, the cut feature is older.
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Complete the passage to describe how electrons are represented in electron dot diagrams.
The maximum number of dots an electron dot diagram can have is
. The maximum number of dots drawn on a side of a chemical symbol in an electron dot diagram is
.
The maximum number of dots an electron dot diagram can have is 8.
The maximum number of dots drawn on the side of a chemical symbol in an electron dot diagram is 2.
Electron dot diagramsThe electron dot diagrams is otherwise known as Lewis electron dot diagrams, Lewis structure, or simple Lewis diagram. It is a diagrammatic representation of the valence electrons of atoms using dots to represent electrons around the symbols of atoms.
The valence electron of an atom is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom. According to the rules, the first shell of an atom can take a maximum of 2 electrons while the remaining shells can take a maximum of 8 electrons each.
Atoms with 8 electrons in their outermost shells are said to be in an octet state.
The number of dots an atom will have around it will, therefore, depend on the number of valence electrons it has. As a rule of thumb, each side of an atom can take a maximum of 2 electrons. Thus, an atom with 8 valence electrons will have 2 dots each on its 4 sides.
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Answer:
the first is 8 an the second one is 2
Explanation:
A local AM radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 742 kHz.
Calculate the wavelength at which it is broadcasting.
Wavelength =
m
(1 kHz = 10 3 sec -1)
The wavelength of the wave is obtained as 0.4 m.
What is the wavelength of the broadcasting station?The wavelength has to do with the distance that have been covered by the wave. In this case, we can use the frequency of the wave that have been supplied in the question and the speed of light which is a constant to be able to obtain the wavelength of the wave.
Knowing that;
wavelength = speed of light/frequency
speed of light = 3 * 10^8 m/s
Frequency = 742 * 10^3 Hz
wavelength = 3 * 10^8 m/s/ 742 * 10^3 Hz
= 0.4 m
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7. Pemican is a concentrated food traditionally used by Fir:
What specific kind of potential energy does pemican have
of dietary calories?
A. kinetic energy
B. elastic potential energy
C. chemical potential energy
D. gravitational potential energy
The specific kind of potential energy does pemican have of dietary calories is chemical potential energy.
What is potential energy?
potential energy, stored in energy that depends upon to the relative position of the various parts of a system. A spring has more potential energy when it is the compressed or stretched.
Sol-Chemical energy is simply energy that is stored to in compounds or elementary are specifically in the atomic bonds that connect atoms and the molecules. In food, it is a form of potential energy id because it's stores away.
The type of potential energy is that exists within chemical bonds, and it is released when of those bonds are broken, is called chemical energy. Chemical energy is the responsible for providing is living cells with energy from food. The release of energy occurs in when the molecular bonds are within food molecules are broken.
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Explain why we need to do
electrolysis of sodium chloride BEFORE we do electrolysis of copper chloride.
Answer:
When melted at high temperature, sodium chlorideseparates into sodium and chloride ions, so that, electrolysis can take place to form sodium atom and chlorine gas .
Oxygen has a low boiling point because there are
A weak covalent bonds between the oxygen atoms
B
weak covalent bonds between the oxygen molecules
C
weak forces of attraction between the oxygen atoms
D weak forces of attraction between the oxygen molecules
The intermolecular forces between the oxygen molecules are very weak because of which a very less amount of energy is required for the oxygen to evaporate into a gas. There is no H-bonding or dipole movement present in oxygen molecules because of which the forces binding the molecules are absent in oxygen.
hence your correct option should be D
What is the Internal Energy of a Human Body? Define internal energy as Delta E.
SHOW ALL WORK!
20 points
The internal energy of a human body is the net energy contained in the body due motion of its particle or molecules.
In a human body the internal energy is stored . It increases when the temperature of the body rises, or when the body observes some changes. Internal energy we can say that is the sum of kinetic and potential energy of all particles in the body.
Internal energy is a state function of a system and is an extensive quantity. Every substance possesses a fixed quantity of energy which depends upon its chemical nature and also on its state of existence. Every substance have a definite value of Internal energy.
The change in the Internal energy of a reaction may be considered as the difference between the internal energies of the two states.
ΔU = [tex]E_{B}[/tex] - [tex]E_{A}[/tex] where [tex]E_{B}[/tex] and [tex]E_{A}[/tex] are the initial energies of states A and B. Or we can also write the equation as:
ΔU = ΔE
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0.50 g of Mg reacts with excess oxygen in a
bomb calorimeter with a heat capacity of
3290 J/°C. The initial temperature is 21.5 °C
and the final temperature is 25.2 °C.
What is the enthalpy of the reaction?
The enthalpy of the reaction 12173 J/°C
Heat capacity or thermal capability is a bodily belonging of count number, described as the quantity of warmth to be supplied to an object to provide a unit trade in its temperature. The SI unit of heat capacity is joule in line with kelvin. heat capacity is an intensive property.
Heat capability is described as the quantity of warmth strength required to raise the temperature of a given quantity of matter through one diploma Celsius. warmth ability for a given count depends on its length or amount and as a result, it's far an extensive asset. The unit of heat capacity is joule in line with Kelvin or joule according to degree Celsius.
Calculation:-
heat = msΔT
= 0.50 × 3290 × (25.2 - 21.5)
= 0.50 × 3290 × 3.7
= 6086.5 J
q = mΔHf
ΔHf = q/m
= 12173 J/°C
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Welding is an industrial process that is used to join pieces of metal. a certain mixture of gases used in welding is composed of carbon dioxide and argon. the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is
0.080 atm and the partial pressure of argon is 0.24 atm.
(a): What is the total pressure of the mixture?
(b): what fraction of the molecules in the mixture are argon?
7. If you were to draw a particulate representation of air that contained 10 particles, how many of the particles you drew would be nitrogen? how many would be oxygen? argon? carbon dioxide? explain your reasoning
The total pressure of the system is 0.32 atm an the mole fraction argon of the carbon dioxide is 0.75.
What is the partial pressure?We know that where we have a mixture of gases, each of the gases would exert pressure on the walls of the container. The pressure that is exerted on the walls of the container is what we call the pressure of the gas.
We have;
Pressure of carbon dioxide = 0.080 atm
Pressure of argon = 0.24 atm
Total pressure of the system = 0.080 atm + 0.24 atm = 0.32 atm
Partial pressure = mole fraction * total pressure
Let the mole fraction be X
0.24 = X * 0.32 atm
X = 0.24 atm/0.32 atm
X =0.75
If I am to draw the number of particles, I would draw one particle for carbon dioxide and three particles for argon based on the value of the mole fraction of the system.
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5. Describe the 3rd criterion, ‘Keep costs low’ and explain why it is important.
In business, it is crucial to keep costs low because when costs exceed the profits or income then the business runs out of cash and becomes bankrupt.
What are costs?A cost is the worth of money that has been used up to create something or supply a service and is thus no longer accessible for use in production, research, retail, or accounting.
In business, the cost might be one of acquisition, in which case the money spent to obtain it is recognized as cost.
Businesses incur two sorts of expenses: fixed and variable costs. Variable costs change with production, but fixed costs do not. Overhead expenses are another term for fixed costs.
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an atom has a mass number of 55. its number of neutrons is the sum of its atomic number and five. how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does this atom have? what is the idetity of this atom
Atom consists of electron, proton and neutron. The number of proton and electrons is 25. The number of neutron is 30. The given element is manganese, Mn.
What is atom?Atom is the smallest particle of any matter. Atom combines to form element and element combine to form molecule or compound.
Mass number =Number of neutrons+ number of protons
Mass number =55
Number of neutrons=atomic number+5
Substituting the given values in the above formula
55 =atomic number+5+ number of protons
50=2×atomic number
Atomic number=25
Therefore, the number of proton and electrons is 25. The number of neutron is 30. The given element is manganese, Mn.
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The wavelength of a particular color of red light is 663 nm. ()
The frequency of this color is
The frequency of the color of red light that has a wavelength of 663nm is 4.52 × 10¹⁴Hz.
How to calculate frequency?Frequency of a wave is the quotient of the number of times (n) a periodic phenomenon occurs over the time (t) in which it occurs.
Wavelength is the length of a single cycle of a wave, as measured by the distance between one peak or trough of a wave and the next.
Wavelength is often designated in physics as λ, and corresponds to the velocity of the wave divided by its frequency.
According to this question, the wavelength of a particular color of red light is 663nm. The frequency can be calculated as follows:
663 × 10-⁹ = 3 × 10⁸ ÷ f
f = 3 × 10⁸ ÷ 6.63 × 10-⁷
f = 4.52 × 10¹⁴Hz
Therefore, 4.52 × 10¹⁴Hz is the frequency of the color of the red light.
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What mass (in grams) of Mg(NO3)2 is present in 183 mL of a 0.400 M solution of Mg(NO3)2 ?
0.0732 g
10.9 g
6.32 g
67.8 g
Answer:
B.) 10.9 g
Explanation:
To find the mass of Mg(NO₃)₂, you need to (1) convert the volume from mL to L, then (2) calculate the amount of moles (using the molarity equation), and then (3) convert moles to grams (using the molar mass). It is important to arrange the conversions/ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.
(Step 1)
1,000 mL = 1 L
183 mL 1 L
-------------- x ----------------- = 0.183 L
1,000 mL
(Step 2)
Molarity = moles / volume (L) <----- Molarity equation
0.400 M = moles / 0.183 L <----- Insert variables
0.0732 = moles <----- Multiply both sides by 0.183
(Step 3)
Atomic Mass (Mg): 24.305 g/mol
Atomic Mass (N): 14.007 g/mol
Atomic Mass (O): 15.999 g/mol
Molar Mass (Mg(NO₃)₂): 24.305 g/mol + 2(14.007 g/mol) + 6(15.999 g/mol)
Molar Mass (Mg(NO₃)₂): 148.313 g/mol
0.0732 moles Mg(NO₃)₂ 148.313 g
--------------------------------------- x --------------------- = 10.9 g Mg(NO₃)₂
1 mole
Which is more soluble in water, Calcium Carbonate or Calcium Hydroxide, and why?
Answer:
Calcium Hydroxide is more soluble in water
Explanation:
Calcium Hydroxide is more soluble in water as all group 2 carbonates are not very soluble while Group 2 hydroxides are moderately soluble.
A single molecule of water contains 1 oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms
- 1 mole of H2O
How many molecules and how many atoms?
A typical bath tub has a volume of 42 gallons what is this volume in liters
The volume of 42 gallons in liters is 158.99 liters.
What is a bathtub?
It is a big and open container that is normally filled with water and used to bathe the body.
What is liter?
This is a unit used in measuring volume. It is not a standard unit of measurement. A liter is equivalent in volume to a millistere. the symbol is ( L).
1 gallon = 3.7854 liters
Therefore 42 gallons in liters will be:
42 *3.7854= 158.99 liters
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Describe the uses of chemical effects of electric current.
A heat lamp produces 26.0 watts of power at a wavelength of 6.0 μm .
How many photons are emitted per second? (1 W=1 J/s.)
Express your answer to three significant figures.
The number of photons that is emitted per second is 7.9 * 10^18 photons per second.
What is the number of photons emitted?We know that the photons have to do with the particles of light that are in motion. Now, we know that the power that is being produced by the heat lamps have been obtained as 26.0 watts. It is also know that this could be written as 26 J/s.
We now have to find the energy of the photons;
Wavelength of the photons = 6.0 μm or 6 * 10^-6 m
Plank's constant = 6.6 * 10^-34 Js
Speed of light = 3 * 10^-10 m/s
Now, we have
E = 6.6 * 10^-34 * 3 * 10^-10 /6 * 10^-6
E = 3.3 * 10^- 18 J
We have;
26 J/s * 1 photon/ 3.3 * 10^- 18 J
= 7.9 * 10^18 photons per second.
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True or False: A magnetic field and an electromagnetic field create the same results with the metal.
Hello!
Answer:
True :P
What mass of iron starting at 100.0 oC must be added to 50.0 g of water at 25.0 oC to increase the water’s temperature to 65.0 oC? Iron’s specific heat capacity is 0.450 J/(g oC).
The mass of the iron at 100°C is equal to 531.3 grams.
What is the specific heat capacity?The specific heat capacity can be defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature by one-degree Celcius in one unit of substance.
The energy is lost or absorbed will change the temperature of the substance, which can be shown as:
Q = mCΔT
Given, the initial temperature of the iron = 100°C
The initial temperature of water = 25 °C
The final temperature of both iron and water = 65°C
The specific heat capacity of the iron, C = 0.450 J/g°C
Water's specific heat capacity, C = 4.184 J/g°C
Heat lost by Iron (Fe) = Heat absorbed by water
- m × (0.450 J/g°C) × (65 - 100)°C = 50 × (4.184 J/g°C) × (65 - 25)°C
15.75 m = 8368
m = 531.3 g
Therefore, the mass of the iron is 531.3 grams.
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During complete combustion, natural gas combines with oxygen to produce _____.
methane and water vapor
carbon dioxide and water vapor
carbon monoxide and water vapor
carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
Answer:
During complete combustion, natural gas combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Explanation:
A fuel undergoes a complete combustion process when it swiftly combines with oxygen (O2), which then forms carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
Will the following replacement reaction occur? Ca+Au2S3+
Yes, this replacement reaction 3Ca + Au₂S₃ → 3CaS + 2Au.
A replacement reaction occurs when elements switch places in compounds. This type of reaction involves ions.
Generally, more reactive elements replace less reactive elements. A single replacement reaction occurs when one element replaces another element in one compound.
A single replacement reaction, sometimes called a single displacement reaction, is a reaction in which one element is substituted for another element in a compound. The starting materials are always pure elements, such as a pure zinc metal or hydrogen gas, plus an aqueous compound.
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How many common amino acids are formed and used by living organisms?
4
52
20
about 100
The number of common amino acids that are formed and used by living organisms is twenty (20), and nine are essential for living.
What are amino acids?Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins that are linked by peptide bonds to form biomolecules. Proteins may be composed of 20 different types of amino acids, which include 9 essential amino acids that the human cannot synthesize and must be consumed from the diet.
Amino acids include, for example, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, etc. All these molecules contain an amino group and also a carboxylic group that gives them the name of amino acids.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that amino acids are composed of an amine group and a carboxylic group and they are 20 of which nine (9) are essential because the human body cannot synthesize them and must be obtained from the foods.
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Determine the empirical formulae of the compounds which contain:
b 5.85g K, 2.10g N, 4.80g O
The empirical formulae of the compounds which contain: 5.85 g K, 2.10 g N , 4.80 g O is KNO₂.
given that :
mass of potassium , K = 5.85 g
molar mass of potassium = 39 g/mol
mass of nitrogen , N = 2.10 g
molar mass of nitrogen = 14
mass of oxygen , O = 4.80 g
molar mass of oxygen = 16
now, we have calculate the number of mole for each atom :
number of moles of potassium , K = mass / molar mass
= 5.85 / 39
= 0.15 mol
number of moles of nitrogen , N = 2.10 / 14
= 0.15 mol
number of moles of oxygen , O = 4.80 / 16
= 0.3 mol
now, dividing by the smallest one , we get
moles of K = 0.15 / 0.15 = 1
moles of N = 0.15 / 0.15 = 1
moles of O = 0.3 / 0.15 = 2
The empirical formula = KNO₂
Thus, The empirical formula of the compounds which contain: 5.85 g K, 2.10 g N , 4.80 g O is KNO₂.
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