47-1. Is an endogenous, nonhematogenous pigment
a. formalin pigment
b. anthracotic pigment
c. both
d. neither

The brush used for artificial nail services is made the of a. nylon

This type of hair is preferred because it is easy to clean and durable. Nylon hair also has the ability to hold onto liquid products, such as acrylic or gel, without soaking them up too quickly, allowing the nail technician to have more control over the application process. While natural hair brushes may be used for some services, such as gel polish application, they are not ideal for use with acrylics or other liquid nail products as they can absorb too much of the product and become damaged over time.

Plastic brushes are not typically used in artificial nail services, as they are not as effective at holding and applying the products. Overall, a nylon hair brush is the preferred choice for artificial nail services due to its durability, ease of cleaning, and ability to hold liquid products.

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If OH points right on fischer projection, the way should it face on Haworth projection depends on the ring structure of the sugar.

If the sugar has a five-membered ring (furanose), the OH group will point downwards on the right-hand side of the ring, this is because in a Haworth projection, the oxygen atom that the OH group is attached to is placed at the bottom of the ring. If the sugar has a six-membered ring (pyranose), the OH group will point upwards on the right-hand side of the ring. This is because in a Haworth projection, the oxygen atom that the OH group is attached to is placed at the top of the ring.

It is important to note that the orientation of the OH group in a Haworth projection can also affect the naming of the sugar. For example, if the OH group is pointing downwards in a furanose sugar, it is referred to as a beta sugar, whereas if the OH group is pointing upwards in a pyranose sugar, it is referred to as an alpha sugar. In summary, in a Fischer projection, the OH group is represented by a horizontal line pointing to the right. However, in a Haworth projection, the orientation of the OH group depends on the ring structure of the sugar.

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The mass (in g) of each sucrose solution that contains 19 g of sucrose and a concentration of 3.8% sucrose by mass is approximately 500 g.

To determine the mass of each sucrose solution containing 19 g of sucrose with a concentration of 3.8% sucrose by mass, use the following formula:

mass of solution = (mass of solute) / (percentage concentration / 100)

Where the mass of solute is 19 g, and the percentage concentration is 3.8%.

mass of solution = (19 g) / (3.8 / 100)
mass of solution = 19 g / 0.038
mass of solution ≈ 500 g

Therefore, the mass of the 3.8% sucrose solution containing 19 g of sucrose is approximately 500 g.

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According to Le Châtelier's principle,

When air breezes, this equilibrium is disturbed as gaseous molecules decrease. Hence, in order to increase gas molecules, the reaction shifts in the direction where gaseous molecules increase. Thus, clothes dry quickly. adding N2 (g) to the system at equilibrium will shift the equilibrium towards the reactants side, which means more NH3 (g) will be formed to counteract the increase in N2 (g).

This is because adding more N2 (g) will increase the concentration of the product, causing the system to shift in the direction that will consume N2 (g) to maintain equilibrium. Therefore, the equilibrium will shift to the left and more NH3 (g) will be produced.

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The constituents of an aqueous solution that can transmit charge in a current are: chloride ions, sodium ions, hydroxide ions, and acetate ions.

In an aqueous solution, ions are responsible for transmitting charge in a current. When certain substances dissolve in water, they dissociate into ions, which are electrically charged particles. These ions can move freely in the solution and facilitate the flow of electric current.

Common ions found in aqueous solutions include:

Cations: Positively charged ions. Examples include hydrogen ions (H+), sodium ions (Na+), potassium ions (K+), calcium ions (Ca2+), and magnesium ions (Mg2+).

Anions: Negatively charged ions. Examples include hydroxide ions (OH-), chloride ions (Cl-), sulfate ions (SO42-), nitrate ions (NO3-), and carbonate ions (CO32-).

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A periodic table is an arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties. The first 94 elements of the periodic table are naturally occurring, while rest from 95 to 118 have been synthesized in laboratories.

The periodic table is an arrangement of all the elements known to man in accordance with their increasing atomic number and recurring chemical properties. The horizontal rows are called the periods and the vertical columns are called groups.

The elements are arranged from left to right and top to bottom in the order of increasing atomic numbers. The elements in the same group have the same valence electron configuration and similar chemical properties.

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The pH of the given HBr solution after dilution is 0.58.

How to calculate the pH of a diluted HBr solution?

To calculate the pH of the given solution, we need to use the concentration of HBr and the volume of the solution.

Given:

Initial volume = 175 ml = 0.175 L

Initial concentration of HBr = 1.50 M

Final volume = 1.00 L

To dilute the solution, we need to add water. The number of moles of HBr will remain the same before and after the dilution. We can use the equation:

M1V1 = M2V2

where:

Rearranging the equation to solve for M2, we get:

M2 = (M1 x V1) / V2

M2 = (1.50 M x 0.175 L) / 1.00 L

M2 = 0.2625 M

Therefore, the final concentration of HBr after dilution is 0.2625 M.

Now, we can calculate the pH of the solution using the equation:

pH = -log[H+]

The concentration of H+ ions can be found using the dissociation of HBr in water:

HBr + H₂O ↔ H₃O+ + Br-

The equation shows that one H+ ion is produced for every HBr molecule that dissociates. Therefore, the concentration of H+ ions is the same as the concentration of HBr.

[H+] = 0.2625 M

pH = -log(0.2625)

pH = 0.58

Therefore, the pH of the solution is 0.58.

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Reagent is used for demonstration of option a. bile for Fouchet reagent

Fouchet reagent is a solution used in medical laboratory testing to detect the presence of bile pigments in urine, serum or tissue samples. It contains an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent and a source of acid. When mixed with a sample containing bile pigments, it produces a color change indicating the presence of bile.

Fouchet reagent is a chemical reagent used in medical laboratories to demonstrate the presence of bile pigments in clinical samples. Bile pigments are waste products of hemoglobin metabolism that are excreted in the bile by the liver and eliminated in the feces.

Fouchet reagent is composed of a mixture of potassium ferrocyanide and hydrochloric acid, which reacts with bile pigments to produce a green color. The reaction is based on the ability of bile pigments to oxidize the iron in the potassium ferrocyanide and form a colored complex.

The Fouchet reagent test is commonly used in the diagnosis of liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and cholestasis, which can affect the production, transport, and excretion of bile pigments. The test can also be used to detect the presence of bile pigments in other biological fluids, such as urine or cerebrospinal fluid, to diagnose related conditions.

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By mass, the mass of the NaCl solution containing 1.7 g of NaCl with a concentration of 1.66% NaCl is approximately 102.41 g.

To determine the mass of the NaCl solution that contains 1.7 g of NaCl and has a concentration of 1.66% NaCl by mass, you can use the formula:

mass of NaCl solution = (mass of NaCl) / (% NaCl by mass)

First, convert the percentage to a decimal by dividing by 100:

1.66% = 0.0166

Now, plug in the values:

mass of NaCl solution = (1.7 g) / (0.0166)

mass of NaCl solution ≈ 102.41 g

So, the mass of the NaCl solution containing 1.7 g of NaCl with a concentration of 1.66% NaCl by mass is approximately 102.41 g.

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The energy of molecular orbitals formed for species of O₂, F₂, and Ne₂ differ from those of other Period 2 elements primarily due to differences in the atomic sizes, electronegativity, and electron repulsion.

As we move across the periodic table from left to right, atomic size decreases, and electronegativity increases. In O₂, F₂, and Ne₂, the higher electronegativity results in stronger attraction between the nuclei and the electrons, which stabilizes the bonding molecular orbitals.

Additionally, the smaller atomic sizes of these elements lead to more effective overlap of their atomic orbitals, forming stronger bonds. However, increased electron repulsion in these elements, particularly in antibonding molecular orbitals, can cause the energy of molecular orbitals to be higher than in other Period 2 elements.

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Benzoic acid is  a weak acid, Nitric acid is a strong acid and Acetic acid is a weak acid and the correct option is option E.

Acid strength is the measure of the ability of the acid to lose its H+ ion

The dissociation of a strong acid in solution is finely complete, omitting in its most concentrated solutions.

A weak acid partially dissociates with both the undissociated acid and its dissociation products in the solution, in equilibrium to each other.

Acid strength depends on the strength of the H and A bond. The weaker the bond, the lesser the energy that will be required to break it. Thus, the acid is strong.

Thus, the ideal selection is option E.

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In the genetic code of human nuclear DNA, one of the codons specifying the amino acid tyrosine is UAC. If one nucleotide is changed, and the codon is mutated to UAG, the type of mutation that will occur is C. Nonsense mutation.

If the codon UAC is mutated to UAG, a type of mutation known as a nonsense mutation will occur. This is because UAG is a stop codon, which signals the end of protein synthesis, resulting in premature termination of translation. Nonsense mutations can have significant consequences as they can result in the production of incomplete or non-functional proteins. In some cases, they can also lead to the degradation of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.
The other options listed in the question, such as silent mutation, missense mutation, and frameshift mutation, are different types of mutations that can occur in the genetic code. Silent mutations involve a change in a nucleotide that does not alter the amino acid sequence, whereas missense mutations result in a change in a single nucleotide that leads to a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein. Frameshift mutations, on the other hand, occur when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, leading to a shift in the reading frame and altering the resulting protein sequence. However, in the case of the given scenario, the mutation of UAC to UAG results in a premature stop codon, causing a nonsense mutation.

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The substance that is closely associated with the breakdown of the ozone layer is (C) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

CFCs are a type of synthetic chemicals that were widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, and aerosol products before they were found to be harmful to the environment. CFCs contain chlorine, which is released into the atmosphere when these chemicals break down. When the chlorine molecules come into contact with ozone, they break it apart, causing a reduction in the ozone layer.

The ozone layer is important because it absorbs harmful UV rays from the sun, which can cause skin cancer and other health problems in humans and animals. The depletion of the ozone layer can also cause changes in weather patterns and harm plant growth.

In response to the negative effects of CFCs on the ozone layer, the international community came together to create the Montreal Protocol in 1987. This treaty phased out the production and use of CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances, leading to a gradual recovery of the ozone layer.

In conclusion, the correct option is (C) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). It is important to continue to reduce the use of CFCs and other harmful chemicals in order to protect our planet and the health of all living beings.

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By increasing the concentration of reactants, the reaction rate will increase, while decreasing the concentration of reactants, the reaction rate will decrease.

The reaction rate is dependent on the concentration of reactants because it determines the frequency of collisions between reacting particles.

When the concentration of reactants is increased, more particles are available for collisions, leading to a higher frequency of successful collisions and an increased reaction rate.

Conversely, when the concentration of reactants is decreased, there are fewer particles available for collisions, resulting in a lower frequency of successful collisions and a decreased reaction rate.

The concentration of reactants has a direct impact on the reaction rate, with increased concentration leading to a higher rate and decreased concentration leading to a lower rate.

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Bile is stained emerald green in the method of c. Fontana. The Fontana method is a crucial tool in the field of histology, providing valuable insights into the presence and localization of bile within tissues.

The Fontana method, also known as the Fontana-Masson stain, is a histological staining technique that is primarily used to identify and visualize substances such as bile, lipofuscin, melanin, and argentaffin granules.

This technique plays a significant role in the analysis of various tissues and cells, particularly in the liver where bile production and secretion occur. By staining bile emerald green, the Fontana method allows for the clear identification of bile presence and distribution, which can be essential for diagnosing certain liver diseases and evaluating liver function. Other methods, such as Hall, Dahl, and Schmorl, serve different purposes in histology and do not specifically target bile staining.

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Regulatory proteins and small effector molecules play a critical role in gene expression regulation.

These molecules can act as activators or repressors, influencing the ability of RNA polymerase to transcribe a gene. Two key terms that are used to describe the function of these molecules are "negative control" and "inducible."
Negative control refers to the ability of regulatory proteins to repress gene expression. In this case, the regulatory protein binds to the DNA sequence and prevents RNA polymerase from binding, ultimately leading to reduced gene expression. The regulatory protein acts as a negative regulator of gene expression.
Inducible refers to the ability of regulatory proteins to activate gene expression in response to a specific effector molecule. In the presence of an inducer, the regulatory protein binds to the DNA sequence and allows RNA polymerase to bind, ultimately leading to increased gene expression. The regulatory protein acts as a positive regulator of gene expression.
In summary, regulatory proteins and small effector molecules can either activate or repress gene expression. Negative control refers to the ability of regulatory proteins to repress gene expression, while inducible refers to the ability of regulatory proteins to activate gene expression in response to an inducer. Understanding these terms is critical for understanding gene expression regulation.

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The mass of 5.45 x 10-3 mol of glucose C6H12O6 is 0.982 g.

To determine the mass of 5.45 x 10-3 mol of glucose C6H12O6, we need to use the molar mass of glucose. The molar mass of glucose is calculated by adding the atomic masses of all the elements present in glucose.
The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6. The atomic masses of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are 12.01, 1.01, and 16.00 g/mol, respectively. Multiplying the number of atoms of each element by its atomic mass and summing up the values gives the molar mass of glucose, which is 180.16 g/mol.
Now, to find the mass of 5.45 x 10-3 mol of glucose, we can use the formula:
Mass (in g) = Number of moles x Molar mass
Mass (in g) = 5.45 x 10-3 mol x 180.16 g/mol
Mass (in g) = 0.982 g
Therefore, the mass of 5.45 x 10-3 mol of glucose C6H12O6 is 0.982 g.

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10g is the mass (in grams) of KCl needed to prepare 200.0 mL of a 5.000% (m/v) solution of KCl in water.

A body's mass is an inherent quality. Prior to the discoveries of the atom or particle physics, it was widely considered to be tied to the amount of matter within a physical body.

It was discovered that, despite having the same quantity of matter in theory, different atoms and elementary particles have varied masses. There are various conceptions of mass in contemporary physics that are theoretically different but physically equivalent.

mass/volume×100 = 5.000

mass/ 200.0×100 = 5.000

mass =5.000×200.0/100

          = 10g

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True. Oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation both involve the participation of quinones. These two processes are crucial for energy production in cells and are part of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, respectively.

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and is the primary method of generating ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in aerobic organisms. The electron transport chain (ETC) in this process uses quinone molecules, specifically ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), as an electron carrier to transfer electrons between different protein complexes.
Photophosphorylation, on the other hand, occurs in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms such as plants and algae. It is a light-dependent process that also generates ATP. In photophosphorylation, the ETC is part of the photosynthetic process, and quinones, specifically plastoquinone, are also utilized as electron carriers.
Both oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation rely on the transfer of electrons through a series of protein complexes in the ETC, ultimately leading to the production of ATP. Quinones play a vital role in this electron transfer, acting as intermediaries between complexes. Although these processes occur in different cellular locations and have distinct roles, the participation of quinones is a shared characteristic that highlights the fundamental similarities in their mechanisms of ATP generation.

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Oxidation state, also known as oxidation number, is a numerical representation of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound.

It indicates the number of electrons that an atom has gained, lost, or shared in a molecule. It is used to determine the nature of chemical reactions and the behavior of the compound. Oxidation state is determined by the electronegativity of the atoms in the molecule, and it is used in various applications, including predicting redox reactions, balancing chemical equations, and understanding the properties of elements and compounds.

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An atom or molecule loses electrons during oxidation. An element's oxidation state or oxidation number increases as a result of the loss of one or more electrons from its outermost shell.

Another atom or molecule receives the lost electrons during oxidation, and the recipient gets reduced. In other words, an event known as a redox reaction always involves both oxidation and reduction. Different processes, such as the addition of oxygen, the removal of hydrogen, or the transfer of electrons to an electron acceptor, can lead to oxidation. An element's degree of oxidation can be used to forecast its chemical behavior and reactivity.

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If someone else inhales pesticide vapors, the instructions you should follow include seeking immediate medical attention and removing the person from the area of exposure.

In case of pesticide inhalation, it is important to prioritize the well-being of the affected person. Seeking immediate medical attention is crucial to ensure proper evaluation and treatment of any potential health effects from the pesticide exposure. Medical professionals can provide appropriate care and advice based on the specific situation.

Additionally, it is important to remove the person from the area of exposure to prevent further inhalation of the pesticide vapors. This may involve moving the person to a well-ventilated area or outside where they can breathe fresh air. Prompt action and medical attention are essential in managing pesticide inhalation incidents and minimizing potential harm to the affected individual.

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The major organic product that results from the reaction of 1-octyne with sodium metal in liquid ammonia is (E)-1-octene.

The reaction of 1-octyne with sodium metal in liquid ammonia is an example of a Birch reduction.

In this reaction, the alkyne is reduced to an alkene through the addition of a pair of electrons from sodium in liquid ammonia.

The major product of the reaction is (E)-1-octene.

The reduction of 1-octyne can lead to two possible regioisomeric alkene products: (E)-1-octene and (Z)-1-octene.

However, the reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia is highly selective for the formation of the trans (E)-1-octene isomer due to the syn-addition of the two hydrogen atoms across the triple bond.

Therefore, the major organic product that results from the reaction of 1-octyne with sodium metal in liquid ammonia is (E)-1-octene.

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The major organic product that results when 1-octyne is treated with sodium metal in liquid ammonia is 1-octene, you can't call it E or Z (Option C)

When 1-octyne is treated with sodium metal in liquid ammonia, this reaction is a dissolving metal reduction, which reduces the triple bond in the 1-octyne molecule to a cis double bond. However, 1-octene is a terminal alkene, meaning the double bond is located at the first carbon atom in the molecule. Since there is only one carbon atom attached to the double bond, it does not exhibit geometric isomerism (E or Z configuration).

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If there is less solute present than is need to saturate the soln. the soln. is unsaturated.

An unsaturated solution is one in which the solvent has the capacity to dissolve more solute than is currently present in the solution. This means that more solute can be added to the solution without it precipitating out of the solution. In an unsaturated solution, the concentration of the solute is less than the solubility of the solute in the solvent at that particular temperature and pressure.

In contrast, a saturated solution is one in which the solvent has dissolved the maximum amount of solute that it can hold at a particular temperature and pressure. Any additional solute added to a saturated solution will not dissolve and will instead precipitate out of the solution.

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True. Uncouplers, such as dinitrophenol, work by disrupting the coupling between electron transport and ATP synthesis, leading to a decrease in the proton motive force and an increase in mitochondrial respiration.

True. Uncouplers, such as dinitrophenol, work by disrupting the coupling between electron transport and ATP synthesis, leading to a decrease in the proton motive force and an increase in mitochondrial respiration. This "short circuits" the proton gradient, leading to the dissipation of the proton motive force as heat instead of being used to drive ATP synthesis.
 Uncouplers "short circuit" the proton gradient, thereby dissipating the proton motive force as heat. They interfere with the normal functioning of the electron transport chain, leading to a decrease in ATP production and an increase in heat generation.

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Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes the body to absorb and store too much iron, which can lead to damage to various organs. The excess iron can accumulate in tissues and cause a characteristic bronze skin colour, joint pain, fatigue, and other symptoms.

To diagnose hemochromatosis, a tissue biopsy may be performed, and a staining technique called the Prussian blue reaction is commonly used. This reaction specifically identifies the presence of iron in tissues, and the stained tissues will appear blue. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option A, which states that hemochromatosis demonstrates the result of the Prussian blue reaction.
The Turnbull blue reaction, on the other hand, is a staining technique used to detect the presence of copper in tissues. It is not related to the diagnosis of hemochromatosis, so option B is incorrect.
In conclusion, hemochromatosis demonstrates the result of the Prussian blue reaction, which is a staining technique used to detect the presence of iron in tissues. This technique is useful in diagnosing hemochromatosis, which is a genetic disorder that causes the body to absorb and store too much iron.

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A category 1 plastic container will generally be the most easily recycled.

HDPE is the most commonly recycled plastic and is usually deemed safe for food contact by the FDA. Because of its internal structure, HDPE is much stronger than PET, and can be reused safely.

1 – Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) – water bottles and plastic trays.

2 – High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) – milk cartoons and shampoo bottles.

5 – Polypropylene (PP) – margarine tubs and ready-meal trays.

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At 25 °C is the temperature at which afire would 0.520 mol of air occupy 22.0 L with a pressure of 20.7kPa.

The physical concept of temperature indicates in numerical form how hot or cold something is. A thermometer is used to determine temperature. Thermometers are calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, which historically defined distinct reference points or thermometric substances.

The most popular scales include the Celsius scale, sometimes known as centigrade, with the unit symbol °C, the scale of Fahrenheit (°F), or the Kelvin scale (K), with the latter being mostly used for scientific purposes. P×V = n×R×T  

20.7× 22.0= 0.520×0.0821×T  

T= 25 °C  

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Oxyacids are named by changing the end of the name of the polyatomic ion from -ate to -ic or from -ite to -ous, and adding the word "acid" at the end.

This is because oxyacids are acids that contain oxygen, and the number of oxygen atoms in the polyatomic ion determines the suffix used in the name of the oxyacid.

For example, the polyatomic ion sulfate (SO4 2-) becomes sulfuric acid (H2SO4), while the polyatomic ion sulfite (SO3 2-) becomes sulfurous acid (H2SO3).

This naming convention is used for a variety of other oxyacids, including nitric acid (HNO3) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4).

In summary, the naming of oxyacids involves changing the end of the name of the polyatomic ion from -ate to -ic or from -ite to -ous, depending on the number of oxygen atoms in the ion

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